EP0138798A2 - Method of constructing multiple layered walls from constructional elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The walls 1, 2, 3, 16 (Fig. 19) are secured with the aid of linking laddering 9, 10, 13, 17 formed from hollow or solid profiled uprights, joined together by spacers to be inserted 19 or snap-fastened 20. The uprights have a profile permitting their encasement in anchoring slots 21 arranged on one or more faces of the constructional elements 4, 6, or a profile 18 enabling them to be fastened on one and/or the other face of constructional elements which do not comprise anchoring slots. The constructional elements and the uprights of the laddering are secured by a small amount of bonding material 5, 7 or by bolting 8 or by nailing, adhesive bonding or screwing 22. The gap between the walls can be filled in continuously with an insulating or reinforcing material. The prefabrication of constructional elements comprising the rung system makes it possible to envisage large-scale industrial production. Abstract of improvement patent Method of constructing multiple layered walls from constructional elements according to the main patent No. 897955, in which the profiled uprights (Fig. 13) joined together by spacers or by fastening clips are applied on one or more faces of the constructional elements or are encased in anchoring slots disposed on one or more faces of these elements and are secured together by sections of a slotted hollow tube 12, 13, which is sliding, having on its periphery fins with a diameter which is equal to or less than the largest dimension of the anchoring slots, and in which the profiled uprights 5, 6 comprise inserted sliding anchoring elements equipped with a T-shaped branch 14 with a view to securing them to the constructional elements. <IMAGE>

Description

The subject of the present invention is a process for constructing walls with multiple walls from solid construction elements, laid and / or assembled as the case may be with little or no binder.

The walls are joined by a system of ladders comprising uprights connected by spacers constituting the internal framework.

Current methods of building walls or walls, in general, do not allow the individual technical qualities of the components to be selected and associated with the desired aesthetic and economic aspects. As a result, they are often very dependent and their use is reduced to specific cases.

It is known from French patent n ° 1.095.331, to fasten construction elements arranged vertically and parallel to each other with a spacing determined by keys or keys, so that each key engages four superimposed elements two to two and facing two by two. The construction elements include dovetailed recesses. The keys are introduced into the recesses by sliding in the vertical direction. This process, in addition to requiring the placement of keys as the walls are built, does not allow the independence of the walls, obliges the two walls to be made simultaneously without being able to control the external tensions while avoiding bridges thermal.

According to French Patent No. 2,486,126, modular building elements in the form of a double U are provided with notches in the form, for example, of half-dovetails at the ends and a central dovetail. The modular elements are connected using profiles with dovetail-shaped ends. Such a method has the disadvantage of having to use expensive construction elements. In addition, the elements are joined together as the wall is built. As a result of the profiles used, thermal bridges are necessarily created, with the further impossibility of inserting intermediate elements continuously.

German patent application No. 2,141,268 relates to concrete base plates having notches in the form of a dovetail and connected in parallel with each other using a connecting means consisting of a spacer. in profile concrete presenting at its ends a dovetail shape (adapting to the notches of the basic modules) and lateral notches for fixing an insulating mat deposited parallel to the plates. Again, the connecting element consisting of a heavy element, creates thermal bridges, prevents the placement of continuous intermediate elements, adapts with difficulty, especially as the construction of a wall.

In all known construction methods, the connecting elements do not allow great flexibility in the production of walls with multiple walls. These processes have very specific objectives, they do not make it possible to envisage all the cases of construction of the single wall with diversified compositions, they are therefore also limited in their use.

The present invention overcomes the various drawbacks mentioned above and provides in the construction of multi-walled walls, a solution at all levels, from manufacturing, storage, packaging, implementation to construction, whether for load bearing structures or not, decorative or not, isolated or not.

The invention in its application, leads to producing walls with multiple walls, composite walls, various complementary works or equipment.

The present invention relates to a process for constructing walls with multiple walls from building elements, characterized in that the walls are joined together using. connecting ladders, formed of two profiled uprights connected to each other by spacers or fixing clips, the uprights of which fit into the anchor slides disposed on one or more faces of the construction elements.

By walls with multiple walls can be understood walls formed by several walls, usually two or three, arranged substantially parallel to each other at a variable distance depending, for example, on the thickness required for the insertion of an insulating panel. , for possible vacuum of ventilation or complete filling of the gap between walls or placement of pipes. They also include walls with composite walls, for example, thin non-load-bearing panels, arranged substantially parallel to one another at a distance determined according to the need or not for the insertion of materials, pipes in the gap between panels, or still, two thin panels arranged substantially parallel on either side of a central panel which may be made of insulating or consolidation material.

The solid material construction elements are of various shapes, sections and lengths depending on constraints, stresses, volumes or appearances.

The solid materials used are, for example, concrete, terracotta, steel, plastics, glass, ceramics, polyurethane foams, materials based on vegetable, mineral and synthetic fibers.

According to a preferred embodiment, the element can be reinforced concrete or reinforced by different means and can have the most diverse structures.

According to the present invention, anchor slides are arranged on one or more faces of the construction elements.

The anchoring slides extend over the entire height of the elements and have a profile allowing the introduction of the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders.

The building elements used may have other notches for their use for purposes other than those sought by the present invention.

The connecting ladders are formed by two profiled uprights linked together by spacers to be inserted or clipped.

The profiled uprights of the connecting ladders consist, for example, of a hollow tube split over its entire height for the introduction of the spacers, having on its periphery fins, extending over the entire height, included in an equal diameter or less than the largest dimension of the anchor slides provided on one or more faces of the construction elements.

These so-called simple spacer ladders are industrialized in variable lengths which can, for example, represent the height of a storey. They are placed, from the implantation of the walls or walls, vertically at the spacings corresponding to the distance between the anchoring slides of the construction elements, of which they will thus constitute the framework for guiding and connecting.

The uprights of the ladders, made up of a split tube, are fitted with fins. The purpose of these is to facilitate the adaptation of the uprights to the manufacturing tolerances of the anchor runners of the uprights relative to the axis of the anchor runners and allow the assembly of the ladder-elements assembly. The ladder uprights are preferably made of metal or plastic. Other materials can be used.

By fins, one understands protrusions of the most diverse shapes arranged on the whole or on a part of the periphery of the tube. These protrusions are arranged, for example, in the form of a star with multiple branches. The tube can have six fins arranged regularly over its entire height.

The tube with its fins is obtained by any known process, for example, by extrusion of a plastic material, it can also be obtained from a known metallic material, for example, galvanized metal.

Those skilled in the art will be able to choose the profile and the materials to be used to obtain the finned tube.

For the easy insertion of the profiled uprights of the type claimed in the anchor slides provided in the construction elements, the diameter in which the fins are inscribed must be equal to or slightly less than the largest dimension of the slide rails. anchoring.

A variant of the process which is the subject of the present invention consists in that the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders are made up of a tube having, on a part of its periphery, fins extending over the entire height and a profiled part U-shaped for the introduction and fixing of clip-on spacers. The end of each branch of the U is terminated by a lug profiled so as to allow the introduction of the spacers.

The spacers intended to be inserted into the hollow uprights of so-called simple ladders have a flat rectangular section, they comprise at each end a part in the form of a loop over the entire height corresponding to the internal diameter of the hollow uprights of the ladders.

Their function is to maintain the uprights of the ladders with correct regular spacing by keeping them well parallel, to allow the connection of the walls between them and to carry out the general joining by studding, for example.

The spacers intended to be clipped to the uprights of the ladders comprising either a hollow profiled part or a rectangular profiled part and a U-shaped part with lug, are said to be clipped. They are rectangular in profile and have at each end a triangular section and a grooved part forming a shoulder so as to allow their introduction into the U-shaped parts of the uprights of the ladders without being able to get out, thus ensuring perfect parallelism of the uprights at the same time as their correct rigid assembly.

By sliding the spacers in the U-shaped parts of the uprights, up or down, one part of the ladders can be reinforced in relation to another. If they are placed continuously over the entire height of the ladders, we obtain a connection joint between two panels placed end to end.

The length of the spacers is defined as a function of the distance between two construction elements placed parallel to each other.

Ladders with studs and clip-on spacers are called multi-clips. In addition to fulfilling the same functions as simple ladders, they allow, by simple clipping, the individual replacement of construction elements damaged or accidentally degraded. One of the amounts of the scales can then be discontinuous without disturbing the balance of the whole.

By the advantages obtained by using the clipping of the construction elements on the amounts of the ladders, the possibilities of application of the method are considerably increased, for example, if the height of the ladders is reduced to that of the elements of construction, it becomes possible to introduce them into the anchoring slides of the elements by sliding and to provide for preparation before shipment. An upright of a ladder can also have a length multiple of that of the upright intended to be placed opposite, this makes it possible to distinguish the phases of execution of a wall relative to that corresponding, this also facilitates the introduction of the pipes in the axial part of the works or against one or the other internal face of the walls.

When the hollow part (s) of the uprights of the ladders are replaced by parts of the uprights having a full rectangular profile in the form of a slat, the ladders can then form, for example, the framework for connecting and guiding light elements. for the realization of works to rehabilitate. A load-bearing construction element, placed on the hollow upright side of a ladder, can be associated with a light panel element placed on the slat upright side, or alternatively, two panel elements applied, hung or screwed on two slat uprights can lead to thin walls light.

The diversification of the possibilities offered by clipping makes it possible to meet specific construction needs varying in thickness, it suffices then to adjust the length of the spacers accordingly.

The connecting ladders are fixed in the anchoring slides of the construction elements or vice versa by a binder or by a stud in the space between two fins of the profiled uprights and the notches of the anchoring slides of the construction elements.

The assembly of so-called simple ladders or so-called multi-clip ladders and building elements with little or no binder or by dowelling, is characterized in that, for example, laying with a binder allows '' recover the slight height tolerances of the construction elements while by providing the general connection and the bearing capacity of the walls of the same wall, the penetration of part of the binder in the space between the fins of the amounts of the ladders and the notches of the slides for anchoring the building elements, provides the joining of ladders and elements and reduces the frequency of dowelling.

The studs can be of round, square, oval, elongated section, in variable lengths. They are of short length when they are intended for the local attachment of ladders to elements, of greater length if they are intended for the attachment of horizontal joint joints between two superimposed rows of construction elements. For this purpose, the two ends of the studs are biased so as to facilitate their penetration into the anchoring slides of the construction elements.

The studs can also have longitudinal vertical slots so as to be able to resume the manufacturing tolerances of the anchor slides while ensuring correct setting. They can also have a small lip at mid-length so that there is no sliding downwards when the construction element of the upper bed is placed on that of the lower bed.

The studs can be obtained from any material, for example, they can be made of a plastic profile.

Whatever solution is adopted, this makes it possible to construct so-called dry walls or walls and, depending on the case, the general joining continues by filling the gap between two walls of the same wall, for example by reinforced or unreinforced concrete and / or by injected polyurethane foam or pre-frothing. The walls are then consolidated and are capable of responding to various significant mechanical stresses.

According to another variant of the invention, the process can be greatly simplified and improved by dissociating and distinguishing differently the elements constituting the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders with a view to assembling and securing these ladders to the building elements. .

The two profiled uprights connected. To each other by spacers or fixing clips, form a single assembly, they are applied, slide or interlock in the anchor slides arranged on one or more faces of the construction elements .

The fixing of this assembly in the said anchor slides is obtained, for example, by sections of a hollow tube split over its entire height, with around its edges fins sliding on the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders.

We find in fact the same provisions as those provided in the previous variants with the important difference that the uprights of the connecting ladders which form a profiled assembly are secured to the construction elements by sliding anchors such as, for example, sections of a hollow tube split over its entire height with fins around its periphery.

Said hollow tube sections are arranged at variable intervals along the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders.

All the forms of connection presented in the preceding variants can be treated according to this latter variant. Sections of hollow tubes with fins on their periphery slide on the uprights of the connecting ladders. And penetrate into the anchor slides of the construction elements or are applied to these elements with a view to their joining thus forming an assembly .

The construction elements are characterized in that they consist of a block of solid material, for example, heavy, cellular, light, reinforced, insulating, terracotta, ceramic, glass, plastic, rigid or semi-rigid, made of materials loaded with vegetable, mineral or synthetic fibers.

These solid materials can also be used to fill the gap between the walls of the same wall so as, for example, to constitute a reinforcement or a draining or insulating sheet.

The construction elements are characterized in that they comprise anchoring slides or notches of suitable shapes, preferably, for example, semi-spherical or semi-trapezoidal.

The profile of the anchor slides can be semi-spherical if it is decided to introduce the ladders or parts of ladders by vertical penetration from top to bottom in the elements.

The slides are then provided and calibrated to the outside diameter of the uprights of the ladders, the dowelling being therefore not required.

When the profile of the anchor slides is semi-spherical with notches, the elements are then introduced on the ladders by lateral sliding, the dowelling of the construction elements on the amounts of the ladders is then carried out.

If the construction elements are intended to remain visible, dimensional tolerances must be monitored. If, on the contrary, the elements are designed to be covered by any coating or coating, no particular care is required, the laying rate can then be accelerated.

The connection ladders, whether they are said to be simple or to be called multi-clips, are characterized in that they can be incorporated in intermediate plates of thermal or sound insulation or reinforcement or incorporated in industrialized solid material panels, for example, reinforced concrete or not, the polyurethane, glass, terracotta and other materials loaded with synthetic, vegetable and mineral fibers.

These panels can, for example, be designed and intended to receive the cladding construction elements or else to present a finished face to be painted and therefore constitute the internal bearing wall.

The panels can also be designed to be placed as a thermally insulated interlayer sheet or as a sound or acoustic complement or as a covering support.

The industrialization of panels thus produced makes it possible to envisage the compositions best adopted for constructing walls with multiple walls or composite walls or various complementary or equipment works.

The construction of walls with multiple walls or composite walls or various works produced by the application of the process which is the subject of the present invention has great flexibility in the choice of construction criteria whether they be of a technical, architectural or economic nature.

If we consider, for example, the construction of a building, whether it has one or more levels, it will be possible to choose from a variety of possibilities, all based on the application of the process in that the 'use of the ladder system with hollow profiled uprights with clipping. or not, or solid rectangular uprights with clipping or not and spacers with clipping or not, does not vary, in principle, depending on the stresses.

The combination of the components of the single or multi-clip ladder system with industrialized construction elements with small or large modulations or in panels with their own technical characteristics (density, resistance, sound absorption, thermal and acoustic insulation) with also their own structure apparent, makes available to the authors of projects, the means to evolve within the technical and architectural constraints while respecting the desires and aspirations of each.

In terms of the choice of materials, the walls can be made using heavy, semi-heavy or light, thick, semi-thick or thin construction elements; they can be load-bearing, semi-load-bearing or non-load-bearing, for exterior or interior cladding, to be placed dry or with little binder, studded or clipped, repointed, coated, painted, with an apparent smooth, grainy, striated, cleaved structure, grooved with chamfers, sawn or scratched.

According to a practical variant of the method, the walls are, for example, composed of an outer wall and an inner wall, one or both can be load-bearing, arranged between them at the desired spacing according to requirements.

The installation can be simultaneous or postponed depending on the case.

The two walls may not be load-bearing, have elements laid dry and therefore be removable or be consolidated by filling the gap which separates them, for example, with concrete and become monobloc.

The gap can be filled by pre-frothing in polyurethane foam, the wall is then fixed and insulated, other materials being usable for a different purpose.

The so-called load-bearing walls, combined with the ladder system, can be placed before the so-called non-load-bearing walls, these being put in place after the provision of any pipes.

We can combine the installation of the elements of load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls with that of prefabricated insulating panels comprising the ladder system so as to carry out all the phases of execution (walls, insulation, pipes, window frames for windows and doors) in one single operation.

We can also first execute prefabricated reinforced concrete panels with insulating sheet or not, comprising the ladder system of which one of the uprights of each ladder is placed in alignment, in plan and with spacing in the concrete while the other upright of each ladder remains on standby at a determined distance from the concrete faces of the panels, in order to receive construction elements to be clad which may be, for example, light, thin panels, heavy and thicker elements. Frame frames for doors and windows, pipes can also be laid when pouring concrete.

• - parois et échelles à montants profilés rectangulaires sur les deux faces.
• - parois et échelles à montants profilés creux à clipsage sur les deux faces.
• - parois et échelles à montants profilés rectangulaires sur une face et échelles à montants profilés creux sur l'autre face.

According to another variant of the method, the walls or the walls are composed of building elements constituting the central load-bearing core and placed with little binder, with on both sides, the installation of the ladder system with clipping studs or slat in several possible variants:

• - walls and ladders with rectangular profile uprights on both sides.
• - walls and ladders with hollow profiled uprights with clipping on both sides.
• - walls and ladders with rectangular profiled uprights on one side and ladders with hollow profiled uprights on the other side.

The core bearing according to its own characteristics can receive the floor elements without having to pay attention to the deferred installation of the cladding or facing elements.

This process allows the installation of pipes, window frames for doors and windows at the most favorable time chosen according to the execution program.

The differentiation in appearance and dimensioning of the construction elements appreciably improves the possibilities of the architectural choice in that, for example, the elements of a determined rank can have very different thicknesses and thus be in relief or in very pronounced recess relative to the upper or lower rank. ₁ The connection of these elements to the scales is always perfectly ensured.

Differences in modulation can exist without being subject to restrictive rules due to the independence of vertical elevation of one wall with respect to another.

The architectural choice is also possible without particular constraints with regard to the works to be carried out in hot regions or with frequent bad weather, the placement of the building elements being ensured by little or no binder or by doweling or by clipping, which allows consider extending the performance periods.

Thanks to the industrialization of construction elements, production costs and consequently the costs of building multi-walled walls can be greatly reduced.

More particularly, installation costs are reduced thanks to the simplification of material or human resources.

The simultaneous placement of ladders with uprights, with clipping or not, by their lateral sliding or by their introduction from the top to the bottom in the slides of anchoring of the building elements, constitutes the starting base of the walls or walls, it does not does not require any specialization.

The possible installation of binder whose thickness does not exceed five _' millimeters, is carried out with a spatula by poorly trained personnel who will also have no trouble making a major contribution to the placement of the building elements, these having a natural positioning .

The simplicity of construction according to the present invention which does not require any particular specialization, leads to considering construction for each according to the principle of marketing "do it yourself".

The process which is the subject of the invention, in all its qualitative, aesthetic and economic aspects, makes it suitable for wide distribution by its simplicity of adaptation. It can be used for the construction of individual or collective dwellings, for the most diverse industrial achievements, as well as for the rehabilitation of old constructions.

• Les figures 1 et 2 représentent un élément de construction dit simple à une seule face comportant des coulisses d'ancrage.
• La figure 3 représente un élément de construction dit double à deux faces comportant des coulisses d"ancrage.
• La figure 4 représente une section d'échelle dite simple comportant deux montants creux à ailettes et une entretoise.
• La figure 5 représente une entretoise dite simple à coulissage.
• La figure 6 représente une section d'échelle dite multi-clips comportant deux montants creux (partie ailettes et partie U) et une entretoise.
• Les figures 7 et 8 représentent une entretoise à clipsage et coulissage.
• La figure 9 représente une section d'échelle dite multi-clips comportant un montant creux (partie ailettes et partie U), un montant plein (partie latte et partie U) et une entretoise à clipsage et coulissage.
• La figure 10 représente une section d'échelle dite multi-clips comportant un montant plein (partie latte et partie U) et un montant plein en forme de T à rainure et épaulement.
• La figure 11 représente un ensemble profilé et des sections de tube creux.
• La figure 12 représente les montants d'une échelle de liaison et les entretoises comportant des rainures.
• La figure 13 représente une section d'échelle de liaison.
• La figure 14 représente deux éléments de construction placés parallèlement entre-eux et solidarisés à une section d'échelle multi-clips par goujonnage.
• La figure 15 représente des goujons destinés à la solidarisation des éléments de construction avec les échelles.
• La figure 16 représente, en coupe, un montant creux (partie ailettes et partie U) maintenu dans la coulisse d'ancrage d'un élément de construction par des goujons placés de part et d'autre dans les échancrures de la coulisse en entre deux ailettes du montant creux.
• La figure 17 représente, en plan, la disposition de principe des éléments de construction et des échelles.
• La figure 18 représente une section de mur comportant une paroi épaisse et une paroi mince maintenues parallèlement entre-elles par des échelles multi-clips (partie montant creux à clipsage et partie montant latte à clipsage) avec remplissage de l'interstice.
• La figure 19 représente une section de mur à parois multiples comportant une paroi centrale (éléments de construction doubles) avec d'une part, une paroi semi-épaisse (éléments de construction simples) maintenues parallèlement entre-elles à écartement par deux types d'échelles (une échelle multi-clips et une échelle simple) et d'autre part, une paroi mince à éléments de construction (panneaux) maintenue parallèlement à la paroi centrale par des échelles multi-clips (partie montant creux et partie montant latte). Sur le mur, est branchée une paroi mince composée de deux panneaux maintenus parallèlement entre-eux par des échelles multi-clips (montants pleins partie latte et partie U). Le remplissage supposé des interstices entre parois est en matière isolante.
• La figure 20 représente une section de mur comportant une paroi épaisse (éléments de construction simples) et une paroi semi-épaisse (éléments de construction simples) maintenus parallèlement entre-elles à écartement par un ensemble d'échelles simples, solidarisées par goujonnage. L'interstice entre parois n'étant pas comblé, il est supposé que les éléments de construction ont été placés avec peu de liant et/ou par goujonnage.
• La figure 21 représente une section de mur avec angle, composé d'une paroi centrale en panneaux isolants préfabriqués comportant des échelles simples avec d'une part, une paroi épaisse (éléments de construction simples) goujonnée et d'autre part, une paroi semi-épaisse (éléments de construction simples) goujonnée.
• La figure 22 représente une section de mur avec retour, composé d'une paroi préfabriquée en béton armé comportant des échelles simples avec d'une part, une feuille isolante et d'autre part, une face lisse à peindre, la liaison entre deux parois placées bout à bout est assurée par une échelle multi-clips dont les entretoises sont placées en continu sur toute la hauteur des parois. La paroi semi-épaisse disposée comme parement extérieur (éléments de construction simples) est maintenue parallèlement à écartement par goujonnage.

The invention will be better understood using FIGS. 1 to 22 which show some embodiments of the invention and do not limit it in any way.

• Figures 1 and 2 show a building element called simple single-sided having anchor slides.
• FIG. 3 represents a building element said to be double with two faces comprising anchoring slides.
• FIG. 4 represents a so-called simple ladder section comprising two hollow uprights with fins and a spacer.
• FIG. 5 represents a so-called simple sliding spacer.
• FIG. 6 represents a so-called multi-clip ladder section comprising two hollow uprights (fins part and U part) and a spacer.
• Figures 7 and 8 show a clip-on and sliding spacer.
• FIG. 9 represents a section of ladder known as multi-clips comprising a hollow upright (part fins and part U), a solid upright (part slat and part U) and a spacer with clipping and sliding.
• FIG. 10 represents a so-called multi-clip ladder section comprising a solid upright (slat part and U part) and a solid T-shaped upright with groove and shoulder.
• FIG. 11 represents a profiled assembly and sections of hollow tube.
• FIG. 12 represents the uprights of a connecting ladder and the spacers comprising grooves.
• Figure 13 shows a link ladder section.
• Figure 14 shows two construction elements placed parallel to each other and secured to a multi-clip ladder section by dowelling.
• Figure 15 shows studs intended for securing construction elements with ladders.
• FIG. 16 represents, in section, a hollow upright (part fins and part U) held in the anchoring slide of a building element by studs placed on either side in the notches of the slide in between hollow post fins.
• Figure 17 shows, in plan, the principle arrangement of the construction elements and ladders.
• FIG. 18 represents a wall section comprising a thick wall and a thin wall held in parallel with one another by multi-clip ladders (hollow upright part with clipping and slat upright part with clipping) with filling of the gap.
• FIG. 19 represents a section of wall with multiple walls comprising a central wall (double construction elements) with on the one hand, a semi-thick wall (simple construction elements) held parallel to one another by spacing by two types of ladders (a multi-clip ladder and a simple ladder) and on the other hand, a thin wall with construction elements (panels) held parallel to the central wall by multi-clip ladders (hollow upright part and slat upright part). A thin wall is connected to the wall, made up of two panels held in parallel with one another by multi-clip ladders (solid uprights, slat part and U part). The supposed filling of the interstices between walls is made of insulating material.
• FIG. 20 represents a wall section comprising a thick wall (simple construction elements) and a semi-thick wall (simple construction elements) held parallel to one another by spacing by a set of simple ladders, secured by dowelling. Since the gap between the walls is not filled, it is assumed that the construction elements have been placed with little binder and / or by doweling.
• Figure 21 shows a section of wall with angle, composed of a central wall in prefabricated insulating panels comprising simple ladders with on the one hand, a thick wall (simple building elements) doweled and on the other hand, a semi wall - thick (simple construction elements) doweled.
• FIG. 22 represents a section of wall with return, composed of a prefabricated wall of reinforced concrete comprising simple ladders with on the one hand, an insulating sheet and on the other hand, a smooth face to be painted, the connection between two walls placed end to end is ensured by a multi-clip ladder whose spacers are continuously placed over the entire height of the walls. The semi-thick wall arranged as an exterior facing (simple construction elements) is kept parallel to spacing by doweling.

According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the so-called simple construction element has a flat face (1) with chamfers (2) and a face comprising anchoring slides (3) and notches (4) for the passage of the pipes. or any additional filling. The anchoring slides (3) are of semi-spherical shape with notches (5) and the notches (4) are of semi-trapezoidal shape.

According to FIG. 3, the so-called double construction element has on two faces, anchor slides (1) with notches (2) and semi-trapezoidal notches (3) for placement of pipes or possible additional filling.

According to Figure 4, a so-called simple ladder section has two hollow uprights (1) having fins (2) distributed in a star around their periphery so as to allow the centering of the hollow uprights in the slides for anchoring the building elements , to resume manufacturing tolerances and to allow the doweling of construction elements (single or double). The hollow uprights are split (3) over the entire height for the introduction of the so-called simple spacer (4). This ends at each end in the form of a loop (5) with a view to its introduction into the hollow part (6) of the uprights so as to keep them at parallel spacing and ensure their connection. This arrangement allows the association of building elements (single or double).

According to Figure 6, a multi-clip ladder section has two hollow uprights (1) having on a part of their periphery fins (2) and a U-shaped part (3) with lug so as to allow the introduction of spacers (4). These comprise at each end, a triangular part (5) and a grooved part (6) forming a shoulder so that after introduction into the U (3), the parallel connection and the fixing of the amounts of the ladders are ensured. The spacers can slide down or up, their number can be increased for possible reinforcement. The arrangement of so-called multi-clip ladders makes it possible to associate individual construction elements with the constituent elements of a wall previously constructed using these ladders.

According to FIG. 9, a so-called multi-clip ladder section has a hollow upright (1) (fins part (2) and U-shaped part (3)) and a solid upright (slat-shaped part (4) and partly U-shaped (3).

The U-shaped parts (3) allow the introduction of spacers (5) which ensure the parallelism of the uprights and their connection. This arrangement makes it possible to combine, opposite, two construction elements (single or double and panels).

According to FIG. 10, a multi-clip ladder section has a solid upright (slat-shaped part (1) and a U-shaped part (2) with lug (3) and a solid T-shaped upright ( 4) representing a groove (5) with shoulder (6). This arrangement makes it possible to associate two thin walls made up of construction elements (panels) such as making a construction joint between two prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, for example, placed end to end.

According to Figure 11, the profiled uprights (1-2) are interconnected by a spacer (3) extending over its entire height comprising strips (4-5) arranged perpendicular to its axis and intended on the one hand reinforcing the profiled assembly and on the other hand guiding intermediate elements such as insulating panels, for example.

When mounting the walls, the assemblies are secured to the construction elements comprising notches or anchor slides by means of sections of a hollow tube (6-7-8) which slide at heights which can be variable on the uprights. profiles.

According to Figure 12, the uprights (1-2) are interconnected by spacers (3-4) having grooves (5-6-7-8) of which only the groove (5) is visible. These grooves, with a depth corresponding to half the spacer, allow the posts to be fixed by interlocking. These uprights have grooves (9-10-11) so as to allow the introduction of spacers in the hollow part of the uprights. On these same uprights are introduced the sections of hollow tubes (12-13-14) to secure the construction elements with the connecting ladders.

According to Figure 13 which shows a connecting ladder section, one of the uprights (1) consists of a hollow profiled square tube having grooves (2-3), the other upright (4) consists of two profiles U (5-6) assembled and held apart by a section of tube with restangular profile (7). The two uprights are interconnected by spacers (8-9) having grooves including two visible (10-11) provided to allow the fixing of the uprights by interlocking. On the upright (1) are introduced hollow tube sections (12-13) in order to secure the connecting ladders to the construction elements. The other upright (2) does not have a tubular anchoring section, the construction elements are secured to the uprights of the connecting ladders using a sliding anchor (14) in the form of an I which fits between the U (5-6).

According to Figure 14, two simple construction elements (1-2) are associated using a multi-clip ladder (3) which is fixed in the anchor slides (4) of the elements using studs (5).

According to Figure 15, studs (1) have in the central part, lips (2) intended to prevent their sliding downward during the introduction of construction elements of a higher rank on those of a lower rank. The ends (3) of the studs are biased so as to facilitate the introduction of the elements on top of each other at the time of construction.

According to Figure 16, a building element segment shows a sectional view of an anchor slide (1) in which a multi-clip ladder section (2) is fixed by studs (3).

According to FIG. 17, a plan view of two wall sections (1-2) composed of simple construction elements (3-4) connected and secured by two sections of multi-clip ladders (5) shows the principle of 'assembly of two walls of the same wall.

According to Figure 18, a thin wall section (1) is associated with a thick wall (2) previously built, which consists of simple building elements (3) placed with little binder (4) and fixed to the uprights hollow multi-clip ladders (5) by pinning (6). The thin wall consists of construction elements (7) (panels) which are fixed on solid uprights (8) of multi-clip ladders (5). This arrangement makes it possible to produce walls in deferred execution phases such as, for example, in the 1st phase, the production of the bearing wall (2), in the second phase, the placement of the pipes (9), in the 3rd phase, the filling of the gap between the walls (1-2) by an insulating filling (10).

According to FIG. 19, a semi-thick wall (1) and a thin wall (2) are associated with a central thick wall (3) whether previously constructed or not, which is composed of double construction elements (4) placed with little binder (3). The semi-thick wall (1) composed of simple building elements (6) laid with little binder (7) or / and by doweling (8), is connected and secured to the central wall (3) using , for example, multi-clip ladders (9) or simple ladders (10). The thin wall (2) composed of construction elements (panels) (11) is associated with the central wall (3) by multi-clip ladders (13) comprising a hollow profiled upright with clipping (14) and a solid upright in the form of a slat (15). On the thin wall (2) is connected a composite wall comprising two thin walls (16) secured to one another by multi-clip ladders (17), the two solid uprights (18) of which are in the form of a slat. The whole of this arrangement makes it possible first of all to produce the central bearing wall (3) which can, for example, receive the slabs so as to continue the construction without constraint with regard to the other operations of realization.

These can be simultaneous or postponed, for example, laying pipes, covering the exterior and interior siding, filling the interstices between the walls. The multi-wall thus designed allows maximum insulation to be obtained by the possibility of multiplying the insulating sheets between the various walls. The combination of multi-clip ladders, construction elements and, for example, beams traditionally used for the construction of slabs, makes it possible to carry out works in the ceiling, terraces or cantilever without having to resort to any formwork.

According to FIG. 20, a thick wall (1) is associated with a semi-thick wall (2) using a series of simple scales (3) composed of two hollow profiled uprights (4) comprising fins ( 5) over their entire periphery and simple spacers (6). The thick wall is load-bearing, it is composed of simple construction elements (7) which are laid with little binder and by doweling (8) on the uprights of the ladders (4). The semi-thick wall on the outside facing is not load-bearing, it is composed of simple construction elements (9) which have chamfers (10) so that after installation, very regular construction joints are shown. If there is no filling of the gap (11) between the walls, the construction elements of the semi-thick wall are placed with little binder (12) and by doweling (13). The elevation of the two walls is simultaneous. The gap between the two walls which is completely free, can receive the pipes. The door and window frames can be placed simultaneously with the construction of the walls. Local reinforcements or a generalized pipe are possible due to the connection between the walls capable of taking up mechanical stresses.

According to Figure 21, a thick load-bearing wall (1), composed of simple construction elements (2) and a semi-thick non-load-bearing wall (3), composed of simple construction elements (4) are associated with a wall semi-thick central unit (5) composed of prefabricated construction elements (6) comprising simple ladders (8) (these can advantageously be replaced by multi-clip ladders). This arrangement makes it possible to carry out the construction of the walls in a single operation or in successive phases such as, for example, carrying out the simultaneous laying of the central wall (5) with that of the semi-thick wall (3) in external facing. The light elements constituting the central wall (5) provided with ladders (7), can be manufactured with battées (8) and grooves (9). So as to facilitate their placement by poorly trained personnel who will also easily install the construction elements of the walls (1-3) thanks to the natural guidance obtained by the arrangement of the uprights of the ladders at the intermediate distances corresponding to the spacing of the anchor slides of the construction elements, of the possibility of lateral insertion of the elements of construction on the ladders and the possible installation of a suitable binder in small quantities, which allows the use of the spatula. This way of building walls limits the possibilities of workmanship and is less subject to climatic variations which increases the periods of execution.

According to Figure 22, a semi-thick wall (1) not bearing is associated with a semi-thick wall (2) bearing, composed of prefabricated elements (3) in large dimensions and comprising. simple ladders (4) (these can be replaced by multi-clip ladders) of which one of the uprights of each ladder is embedded in the mass, the other upright of each ladder being kept at a distance from one of the faces.

This arrangement makes it possible to maintain, for example, a continuous insulating sheet (5) placed on one of the faces (6) of the wall at the time of its prefabrication, while allowing the direct finish of the other face (7) to be obtained. for example, smooth to paint, as to allow the delayed installation of the construction elements (8) constituting the wall (1) facing. The connection between two.elements (3) placed end to end is ensured by a multi-clip ladder (9) one of the uprights of which is incorporated at each end of each element at the time of their prefabrication, the connection of the elements (3) between - They are made by introducing the clip-on spacers (10) either continuously or discontinuously. Pipelines and frames for doors and windows are placed when the elements are prefabricated (3). The dimensioning, the shape, the appearance and the arrangement of the construction elements (8) of the wall (1) placed off-line, make it possible to automatically remove any appearance of construction joints (11) on the facade, which is not generally not the case in large industrialization.

Claims (15)

1. A method of constructing multi-walled walls from building elements, characterized in that the walls are joined by means of connecting ladders, formed of two profiled uprights interconnected by spacers or fixing clips, the uprights of which apply to one or more faces of the construction elements or fit into the anchor slides arranged on one or more faces of these elements. 2. A method of constructing multi-walled walls from building elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders consist of a hollow tube split over its entire height for the introduction of spacers, having on its periphery fins extending over the entire height, included in a diameter equal to or less than the largest dimension of the anchor slides provided on one or more faces of the construction elements. 3. A method of building multi-walled walls from building elements, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the profiled uprights of the connecting ladders consist of a hollow tube having fins around its periphery, extending over the entire height, and a U-shaped profiled part with lug for the insertion and fixing of the clip-on spacers. 4. A method of constructing multi-walled walls from building elements according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the profiled uprights connected together by spacers or fixing clips, are applied to a or more faces of the construction elements or fit into the anchor slides arranged on one or more faces of these elements and are joined together by sections of a hollow hollow tube having on its periphery fins with a diameter equal to or less than the largest dimension of the anchor slides. 5. A method of building multi-walled walls from building elements according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sections of hollow hollow tubes having on their periphery fins, are slid on the profiled uprights connected between- them by spacers or fixing clips as the walls are built. 6. A method of constructing multi-walled walls from building elements according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the profiled uprights connected together by spacers or fixing clips are secured to the building elements by anchoring sections sliding on the uprights, differentiated in that they are partly enclosed on these uprights and partly inserted into these uprights without any fundamental change in the process. 7. A method of constructing multi-walled walls from building elements, according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the connecting ladders are made up of solid T-shaped uprights comprising a slat-shaped part and a U-shaped part with lug for the introduction and fixing of the clip-on spacers. 8. A method of constructing multi-walled walls from building elements, according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the connecting ladders are composed of a full T-shaped upright, having a branch of which the end is profiled in the shape of a triangle, with a groove forming a shoulder over the entire height and a solid profiled upright in the shape of a T comprising a slat-shaped part and a U-shaped part for the introduction and fixing of the amounts between them. 9. A method of building multi-walled walls from building elements, according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the connecting ladders are fixed in the slides for anchoring the building elements of the walls by a binder. or by dowelling in the space between two fins of the profiled uprights and the notches of the anchoring slides of the construction elements or by screwing, nailing, gluing of the constituent elements of the walls on the uprights of the connecting ladders. 10. A method of building multi-walled walls from building elements, according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connecting ladders are inserted in the prefabricated building elements for small and large walls. 11. Construction elements according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that they consist of a block of solid material having on one or more faces of the anchor slides extending over the entire height and profile allowing the introduction or nesting of the hollow profiled uprights of the connecting ladders. 12. Construction elements according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that they consist of a panel, of solid material having guides over the entire height allowing the placement and fixing of the profiled uprights in the form of slats. connecting ladders, by screwing, nailing, gluing, interlocking. 13. Building elements according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the block or the panel of solid material are concrete, terracotta, ceramic, glass, a material loaded with vegetable, mineral or synthetic fibers . 14. Construction elements according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the anchoring slides of the solid material construction elements are of semi-trapezoidal, semi-spherical, or rectangular shape. 15. Walls of building elements formed from at least two walls arranged substantially parallel to each other and obtained according to claims 1 to 14, offering the possibility of continuous filling between walls or insertion of complementary or utility elements various.

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