EP0129485B1 - Kabelstruktur und ihre Anwendungen - Google Patents

Kabelstruktur und ihre Anwendungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129485B1
EP0129485B1 EP84401269A EP84401269A EP0129485B1 EP 0129485 B1 EP0129485 B1 EP 0129485B1 EP 84401269 A EP84401269 A EP 84401269A EP 84401269 A EP84401269 A EP 84401269A EP 0129485 B1 EP0129485 B1 EP 0129485B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
structure according
polymer layer
cables
cable structure
ohms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84401269A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0129485A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Petinelli
Dominique Bertier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acome SCOP
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Acome SCOP
Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA
Compagnie de Raffinage et de Distribution Total France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acome SCOP, Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA, Compagnie de Raffinage et de Distribution Total France SA filed Critical Acome SCOP
Publication of EP0129485A1 publication Critical patent/EP0129485A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0129485B1 publication Critical patent/EP0129485B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
    • H01B11/1058—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources using a coating, e.g. a loaded polymer, ink or print
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new electric cable structure, in which the conductor is coated with several successive layers of materials, comprising a hydrophobic and semiconductor sealing gel, placed between a polymer layer, also semiconductor, and a screen. metallic.
  • the invention also relates to the application of this structure to the continuous earthing of electrical conductors and to the radialization of the field in the power cables.
  • the cable structure shown in fig. 1a is that of a telecommunication cable of a conventional type.
  • This cable comprises, for example, a plurality of conductive wires 1 made of a conductive material such as copper or aluminum, surrounded by an insulating layer 2. All of the conductive wires thus sheathed are surrounded by a conductive metallic shield 3 , forming a screen, which is itself surrounded by a protective layer constituted by a semiconductor polymer 4, ensuring good physical contact with the metal surface 3.
  • the space 5 left free between the insulating sheaths 2 and the metal surface 3 can be filled in the conventional way with a sealant.
  • the energy transport cable shown in fig. 1b which is also of a known type, comprises, for its part, a strand of conducting wires 6, which is surrounded by a sheath or semiconductive polymer layer 7.
  • a sheath or semiconductive polymer layer 7 Around this sheath 7 is arranged an insulating material 8, itself surrounded by a second semiconductor polymer layer 9, surrounded by a layer of conductive metal 10 forming a screen, for example consisting of copper, steel or aluminum.
  • the outer belt 11 can itself be constituted by an insulating or semi-conductive polymer sheath.
  • US-A-4095039 describes a cable structure in which a sealing layer having semiconductive properties and ensuring perfect sealing is interposed between a metallic screen and a semiconductive polymer layer surrounding a plurality of conductive cables.
  • the sealing layer comprises a polyisobutylene rubber, a large amount of carbon black and, if necessary, to lower its viscosity, an oil, in as small an amount as possible.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce such structures of electric cables in which a perfect seal is ensured between a metal screen and a semiconductor polymer layer and which ensure a continuous earthing of the cables.
  • the subject of the invention is an electrical cable structure of the type comprising at least one screen and at least one semi-conductive polymer layer surrounding at least one conductive cable, characterized in that between said metallic screen and said layer a semiconductive polymer is interposed with a sealing layer with a dynamic viscosity of less than 100,000 centipoises at 20 ° C.
  • this sealing layer comprising a semiconductor jelly containing between 50 and 95% by weight of at least one compound of a paraffinic or naphthenic hydrocarbon oil of petroleum, vegetable or synthetic origin, and between 5 and 50% by weight of carbon black and / or graphite, or a powder of at least one metal chosen from the group comprising zinc, copper, and aluminum, or of at least one oxide of one of these metals; in that the resistivity of said sealing layer is less than 40,000 ohms x cm; and in that the resistivity of said semiconductor polymer layer is less than 20,000 ohms x cm.
  • metallic screen designates not only a conductive shielding of the type illustrated in figs. 1a and 1b, but also any ply of metallic threads, woven, braided or "guippés", to use the term used in the art.
  • the semiconductor and hydrophobic jelly used in accordance with the invention is designated by the references 12 and 13, respectively, in FIGS. 2a or 2b, on which the elements already described with reference to FIGS. 1a and 2a keep the same reference figures.
  • This jelly is interposed between the metal screens 3, respectively 10, and the semiconductive polymer sheaths 4, respectively 9.
  • Fig. 2c shows a particular application of the cable structure according to the invention, in a low noise coaxial cable.
  • the friction of the metal braid against the dielectric is generally the source of triboelectric noise.
  • the semiconductor jelly constitutes the sealing layer represented by the reference 13 which is interposed between the semiconductor polymer layer 9 which covers the insulating material 8, and the metal braid represented by the reference 10. This arrangement makes it possible to remove much of the triboelectric noise.
  • the introduction of the semiconductor and hydrophobic sealing jelly between the metal screen and the semiconductor polymer layer also makes it possible, thanks to the dielectric properties of this layer, to effectively ensure the radialization of the field in the transport cables. of energy.
  • a first advantage of the present invention is linked to the fact that the semiconductor jelly is perfectly compatible with both the metal strip, to which it adheres completely and that it protects from possible traces of moisture or other forms of corrosion of the metal. , than with the semiconductor polymer layer, due to the very nature of its constituents, insofar as these cannot diffuse into the polymer layer and where additives and conductive fillers of the same kind are preferably added than those used in the composition of the jelly.
  • a second advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that, given the presence of the semiconductor jelly, the semiconductor polymer layer no longer has to simultaneously provide effective protection of the metal strip and maximum adhesion to the metal : the semiconductor polymer layer can therefore be chosen according to the only mechanical properties required for cable protection, in addition to the desired electrical properties.
  • a third advantage of this cable belt structure resides in the fact that the semiconductor jelly ensures, by its fluidity and by its plasticity, in addition to a perfect seal and, therefore, an excellent electrical contact between the semiconductor polymer layer and the metallic screen which surrounds it, whatever the mechanical deformations imposed on the cable, while maintaining effective protection of these elements.
  • An additional advantage of the cable belt structure according to the invention finally results from the fact that the fluidity and plasticity properties of the sealing layer are not very susceptible to the effect of temperature since the dynamic viscosity is at 20 °. C, less than 100,000 centipoises and, at 100 ° C, remains between 50,000 and 100,000 centipoises.
  • This cable belt structure finally considerably facilitates the operations of connecting the cables during their installation.
  • This new type of cable belt structure therefore protects, with increased reliability, the metal screen against corrosion and ensures excellent grounding or excellent radialization of the electric field, while better protecting the cable itself by strengthening its outer sheath.
  • a proportion of the order of 50 to 95% by weight of paraffinic hydrocarbon compounds is used or Naphthenics selected to not diffuse at temperatures of the order of 50 ° C or more in polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride or any other cellular insulation material used in the composition of the belt sheath.
  • hydrocarbon compounds can be of petroleum, vegetable or synthetic origin, or be composed of mixtures of several of these oils.
  • distillation cups or oils and / or petrolatum obtained from the latter are used. Generally, less than 5% of these oils have a boiling point below 350 ° C.
  • these hydrocarbon compounds are advantageously constituted by polymers obtained from olefins having three or four carbon atoms, or by mixtures of these.
  • synthetic oil cuts having a molecular weight by weight of between 200 and 4000 and, more particularly, between 400 and 1500 are used.
  • a conductive filler such as a metal powder or metal oxide, the metal of which may advantageously be zinc, copper or aluminum, or carbon black, is added in a manner known per se. , a mixture of carbon black of varying particle size, or graphite or, finally, a mixture of the latter.
  • the proportion of the conductive charge, relative to that of the oil, is determined above all by considerations of resistance. electrical and viscosity of the desired semiconductor and hydrophobic jelly, depending on the conditions of manufacture and use of the electrical cable in the belt from which it will be introduced. This proportion can therefore vary between 5 and 50% by weight of the sealing jelly, depending on the case, and, more particularly, between 5 and 40%.
  • a particularly advantageous composition according to the invention is obtained by the use of very conductive carbon blacks of the Ketjen EC or Phillips XE2 type; these blacks, which can be used in a lower concentration than conventional blacks, for the same resistivity, make it possible to obtain compositions which are all the more hydrophobic; the concentration of these blacks is between 5 and 15% by weight, depending on whether they are used alone or not and according to the desired resistivity.
  • composition of the jelly one can finally add, without however this addition being necessary for all oils, stabilizing agents, adhesiveness agents such as resins of petroleum origin, thickening agents such as unsaturated polyolefins in proportion which may be between 0 and 20%, and finally metal passivators such as benzotriazoles, substituted or not, or any other substance known per se capable of performing a similar function, in proportion which may be between 0 and 2%, depending on the nature of the oil, of the conductive filler or metal used in the composition of the strip (or armor) of the cable.
  • stabilizing agents such as resins of petroleum origin
  • thickening agents such as unsaturated polyolefins
  • metal passivators such as benzotriazoles, substituted or not, or any other substance known per se capable of performing a similar function, in proportion which may be between 0 and 2%, depending on the nature of the oil, of the conductive filler or metal used in the composition of the strip (or armor) of the cable.
  • compositions comprising mainly an ethylene polymer, or a mixture of a homopolymer and an ethylene copolymer. , or a mixture of ethylene copolymer with a propylene monomer, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate or any other monomer, in a manner known per se.
  • compositions containing more than 70% of high or medium density ethylene or polyethylene compolymer will be used, in order to give this sheath the required rigidity and solidity.
  • the polyethylene used may advantageously have a density between 0.90 and 0.95 and a melt index between 0.1 and 2. It is also possible to use any plastic material capable of incorporating the conductive fillers and, in particular, polychloride plasticized vinyl.
  • the polymer composition also contains a conductive filler, which will advantageously be of the same nature as that contained by the semiconductor jelly entering the cable belt structure.
  • the proportion of this load can also vary between 5% and 45%, depending on the resistivity and robustness that can be expected from this type of sheath and the expected conditions of use of the electric cable. For the purposes of continuous earthing, this proportion will advantageously vary between 8 and 15% by weight.
  • the sheaths must finally have good resistance to stress cracking.
  • the Applicant has carried out comparative tests between them and cable structures of a conventional type.
  • compositions of these cables are listed in Table 1 below:
  • the presence of a hydrophobic semiconductor jelly between the metal screen and the semiconductor polymer layer allows this screen and this layer to remain constantly in contact. electric, without the use of any auxiliary earthing of the screen, and without risk of accidental corrosion of the latter as a result of ramification phenomena following imperfect contacts between the screen and the semiconductor layer.
  • a first cable D presents the structure illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • Around the screen 14 are successively arranged an intermediate semiconductive polymer layer 15, a steel screen 16 arranged in a helix and a semi-conductive external polymer sheath 17.
  • the polymer layers and the semiconductor jelly used in the composition of the cable D are produced with formulations identical to those of the cable C previously described.
  • Table II below gives the resistance values of the screens in ohms for 50 meters of buried cable of these cables D and D.
  • a semiconductive and hydrophobic sealing gel promotes the electrical conductivity between screens and sheaths, while ensuring longitudinal sealing.
  • the three constituents of this cable belt are therefore placed in continuous parallel contact, which makes it possible to avoid frequent earthing of the external structure of the cables and to promote the reducing effect.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Elektrische Kabelstrukturvom Typ mit mindestens einem Metallschirm (3, 10) und mindestens einer halbleitenden Polymerisatschicht (4, 9), weIche mindestens ein leitendes Kabel (2, 6) umschliessen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Metallschirm und der halbleitenden Polymerisatschicht eine Dichtungsschicht (12, 13) mit einer dynamischen Viskosität kleiner als 100000 cP bei 20 °C und zwischen 50000 und 100000 cP bei 100 °C angeordnet ist, welche aus einem halbleitenden Gelee besteht, das einen Gehalt von 50 bis 95 Gew.-% an mindestens einer Verbindung eines Kohlenwasserstofföles paraffinischer oder naphthenischer Art, welches vom Erdöl herrührt oder pflanzlichen oder synthetischen Ursprungs ist, und einen Gehalt von 5 bis 50 Gew.-% an Russschwarz und/oder Graphit oder einem Pulver mindestens eines Metalls aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Zink, Kupfer und Aluminium oder mindestens eines Oxids eines dieser Metalle aufweist, dass ferner der spezifische Leitungswiderstand der Dichtungsschicht kleiner als 40000 Ohm x cm ist und dass schliesslich der spezifische Leitungswiderstand der halbleitenden Polymerisatschicht kleiner als 20000 Ohm x cm ist.
2. Elektrische Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der spezifische Leitungswiderstand der halbleitenden Polymerisatschicht kleiner als 10000 Ohm x cm und derjenige der Dichtungsschicht kleiner als 40000 Ohm x cm ist, wenn die halbleitende Polymerisatschicht als Hülle, insbesondere als externe Hülle, verwendet ist.
3. Elektrische Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der spezifische Leitungswiderstand sowohl der Polymerisatschicht als auch der Dichtungsschicht kleiner als 20000 Ohm x cm ist, wenn der Metallschirm auf der der Kabelachse abgewandten Seite dieser Schicht angeordnet ist.
4. Elektrische Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtungsschicht einen Gehalt von 0 bis 20% an Stabilisiermitteln, Verdickungsmitteln und Adhäsionsvermögensmitteln aufweist. ___ u- -
5. Elektrische Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die halbleitende Polymerisatschicht einen Gehalt von 10 bis 100 Gew.-% an Polyäthylen oder einem Äthylen/Äthylacrylat-Copolymerisat oder einem Äthy-IenNinylacetat-Copolymerisat oder einem Äthylen/Polypropylen-Copolymerisat oder einer Kombination dieser vier Polymerisate, einen Gehalt von 5 bis 20 Gew.-% an Russschwarz und einen Gehalt von 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-% an mindestens einem Stabilisator aufweist.
6. Elektrische Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die halbleitende Polymerisatschicht und die Dichtungsschicht hableitende Füller und dieselben Schutzadditive aufweisen.
7. Elektrische Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Metallschirm aus Stahl, Zink, Kupfer oder Aluminium besteht.
8. Anwendung der Kabel mit der Struktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 zum kontinuierlichen Erden elektrischer Leiter.
9. Anwendung der Kabel mit der Umgurtungsstruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 3 zur Radialisierung elektrischer Felder im Innern der Isolierung.
10. Anwendung der Kabelstruktur nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 zur Herstellung von Koaxialkabeln.
EP84401269A 1983-06-21 1984-06-20 Kabelstruktur und ihre Anwendungen Expired EP0129485B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8310258 1983-06-21
FR8310258A FR2547945B1 (fr) 1983-06-21 1983-06-21 Nouvelle structure de cable electrique et ses applications

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0129485A1 EP0129485A1 (de) 1984-12-27
EP0129485B1 true EP0129485B1 (de) 1987-06-03

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EP84401269A Expired EP0129485B1 (de) 1983-06-21 1984-06-20 Kabelstruktur und ihre Anwendungen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4621169A (de)
EP (1) EP0129485B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60501631A (de)
KR (1) KR920000223B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3464100D1 (de)
ES (1) ES533594A0 (de)
FR (1) FR2547945B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1985000245A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA844682B (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA844682B (en) 1985-02-27
FR2547945B1 (fr) 1986-05-02
EP0129485A1 (de) 1984-12-27
FR2547945A1 (fr) 1984-12-28
DE3464100D1 (en) 1987-07-09
US4621169A (en) 1986-11-04
KR920000223B1 (ko) 1992-01-10
WO1985000245A1 (fr) 1985-01-17
ES8601550A1 (es) 1985-10-16
KR850000741A (ko) 1985-03-09
ES533594A0 (es) 1985-10-16
JPS60501631A (ja) 1985-09-26

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