EP2224459B1 - Hochspannungskabel - Google Patents

Hochspannungskabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2224459B1
EP2224459B1 EP10154403.9A EP10154403A EP2224459B1 EP 2224459 B1 EP2224459 B1 EP 2224459B1 EP 10154403 A EP10154403 A EP 10154403A EP 2224459 B1 EP2224459 B1 EP 2224459B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
composition
polymer
parts
cable according
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Revoked
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EP10154403.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2224459A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Koelblin
Daniel Milan
Christophe Mercado
Frédéric Bechard
Franz Daenekas
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical cable comprising a conductive element, and successively around this conductive element, an electrically insulating layer, a metal screen and an outer protective sheath.
  • the high or very high voltage power cables typically comprise a central conductive element and, successively and coaxially around this conductive element, an internal semiconductor screen, an extruded electrically insulating layer, an external semiconductor screen, a metal screen and an outer protective sheath.
  • the outer protective sheath is in particular increasingly made of materials retarding the propagation of the flame or resistant to the propagation of the flame.
  • a first technique consists in coating the outer protective sheath of the electrical cable with a layer of graphite in powder form.
  • the handling of the graphite powder is delicate and involves a risk of fouling in the sheathing shops.
  • This non-homogeneity of the graphite layer on the outer protective sheath does not make it possible to perform said electrical test reliably.
  • a second technique consists in applying a conductive varnish to the outer protective sheath of the electric cable.
  • the disadvantage of this technique is the presence of volatile solvents in the conductive lacquer which may be irritating and / or toxic.
  • said varnish has mechanical properties very different from those of the outer protective sheath, which can compromise the good adhesion of the varnish on the outer protective sheath during handling of the electric cable.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the techniques of the prior art.
  • the present invention relates to an electrical cable comprising a conductive element, and successively around this conductive element, an electrically insulating layer, a metal screen and an outer protective sheath, characterized in that further comprises an extruded outer layer surrounding the outer protective sheath, said extruded outer layer being directly in contact with said outer protective sheath, and being obtained from a composition comprising more than 50.0 parts by weight of apolar polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer in the composition and an electrically conductive filler.
  • This outer layer is also called (electrically) "conductive" layer.
  • conductor or “conductor” used in the present invention should also be understood to mean “semiconductor” or “semiconductor”.
  • the electrical cable of the invention advantageously has an extruded outer layer deposited homogeneously directly on the outer protective sheath with a substantially identical contact surface on the entire outer protective sheath.
  • the assembly formed by the outer protective sheath and the extruded outer layer can therefore be considered as a bilayer, said bilayer preferably having no intermediate layer interposed between the outer protective sheath and the outer layer.
  • the extruded outer layer has significantly improved adhesion. Thus, it can not be detached from the outer protective sheath when handling or installing the electric cable.
  • the electrical test can be easily applied to the electrical cable of the invention and give reliable results on the quality of protection of the outer protective sheath.
  • the extruded outer layer offers optimized mechanical properties (eg tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity), and in particular improved flexibility (ie modulus of elasticity) which advantageously reduces the risk of cracking. of said outer layer during, for example, the handling and / or installation of the cable.
  • the composition may comprise at least 60 parts by weight of apolar polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer in the composition, and preferably at least 80 parts by weight of apolar polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer in the composition.
  • it may also comprise an apolar polymer (or a mixture of apolar polymer) as sole polymer in the composition.
  • polymer as such generally means homopolymer or copolymer, the polymer being a thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer. It is preferred to use the thermoplastic polymers and the composition will be called in this case a thermoplastic composition.
  • the apolar polymer is a polyolefin, comprising homopolymers and copolymers of olefins, preferably of the low-density type.
  • the low density polyolefins typically have a density of at most 0.930 g / cm 3 , preferably at most 0.920 g / cm 3 .
  • the density of the polyolefins of the invention is conventionally determined by methods well known in the prior art detailed in standards ASTM D1505 or ISO 1183.
  • the low density polyolefin may be chosen from linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE), polyethylenes very low density (VLDPE), and ultra low density polyethylenes (ULDPE), or a mixture thereof.
  • apolar polymers of the invention thus do not substantially comprise polar groups such as, for example, acrylate, carboxylic or vinyl acetate groups.
  • the melting temperature of the apolar polymer may be at least 110 ° C, preferably at least 120 ° C.
  • the melting temperature of the polymers of the present invention is conventionally measured at the melting peak of said polymer by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with a temperature ramp of 10 ° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the melt index (MFR) (according to ASTM D 1238 or ISO 1133) of the apolar polymer may be at most 30 g / 10 min (190 ° C., 2.16 kg). ), preferably at most 20g / 10min, and particularly preferably at most 10g / 10min.
  • the apolar polymer may be derived from a polymerization in the presence of a conventional Ziegler-Natta or Philips catalyst.
  • a Ziegler-Natta LLDPE is used.
  • Ziegler-Natta LLDPE known as C4-LLDPE or copolymer of ethylene and butene, is used.
  • the composition further comprises a polar polymer, preferably at most 40 parts by weight of polar polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer in the composition, and particularly preferably at most 20 parts by weight of polar polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer in the composition.
  • a polar polymer in the composition makes it possible to improve the dispersion of the electrically conductive fillers in the composition and the adhesion of the extruded outer layer to the outer protective sheath as a function of the polar or apolar nature of said outer sheath.
  • the polar polymer may be a copolymer of ethylene acrylate, preferably chosen from ethylene butyl acrylate copolymers (EBA), ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers (EEA), and ethylene copolymers. methyl acrylates (EMA), or a mixture thereof.
  • EBA ethylene butyl acrylate copolymers
  • EAA ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers
  • EMA methyl acrylates
  • composition of the invention may comprise between 30 and 90% by weight of polymer.
  • the composition may comprise at least 10% by weight of electrically conductive filler, preferably at most 40% by weight of electrically conductive filler, and particularly preferably preferred between 15 and 30% by weight of electrically conductive filler.
  • the volume conductivity of the composition may be insufficient.
  • the preparation and the implementation of the composition can become difficult, and the composition also becomes economically unfavorable.
  • the electrically conductive filler may be selected from carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, doped inorganic fillers such as, for example, aluminum-doped zinc oxide having a high and linear conductivity, and powders. intrinsic conductive polymers, or a mixture thereof.
  • the preferred electrically conductive filler of the invention is carbon black.
  • composition according to the invention may further comprise other fillers, additives, adjuvants, stabilizers, and / or anti-aging agents.
  • the stabilizers may typically be antioxidants, these antioxidants being preferably selected from sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants such as, for example, tetrakismethylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate) methane, 2,2 ' -thiodiethylene bis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2'-Thiobis (6-t-butyl-4-methylphenol) or 2,2'-methylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-methylphenol); and phosphorus-based antioxidants such as, for example, Tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite.
  • sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants such as, for example, tetrakismethylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate) methane, 2,2 ' -thiodiethylene bis [
  • the type of stabilizer and its level in the composition will be chosen according to the maximum temperature experienced by the polymer during the production of the mixture and during the extrusion operation on the cable as well as according to the maximum duration of exposure to this temperature. .
  • the anti-aging agents may typically be thermal aging protection agents such as quinolines, for example poly-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ).
  • thermal aging protection agents such as quinolines, for example poly-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ).
  • Stabilizers and / or anti-aging agents may be added to the composition of the invention in an amount of at most 2% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 1% by weight.
  • the other fillers may be halogen-free inorganic fillers intended to improve the fire behavior of the composition, such as, for example, clear fillers, and more particularly flame retardant fillers known as "HFFR" fillers for the " Halogen Free Flame Retardant " anglicism, such as aluminum trihydrate (ATH), magnesium dihydrate (MDH), antimony trioxide or zinc borate.
  • Said clear charges may further comprise a surface treatment, for example to facilitate their incorporation into the polymer melt during the mixing of the composition or to increase their effectiveness against the effects of fire.
  • the composition according to the invention can thus advantageously also comprise a flame-retardant filler.
  • the other charges may also be charges capable of reducing the phenomenon of incandescent drops during a fire (" anti-drip-agent "), preferably without halogen.
  • the other fillers taken independently of one another or in combination, can be added to the composition of the invention in an amount of at most 50% by weight, and preferably in an amount of at most 30% by weight. .
  • the composition may comprise at least 10% by weight of said other fillers.
  • the outer layer may be crosslinked or not.
  • the outer layer of the invention preferably has a thickness of at most 400 ⁇ m, and preferably at most 300 ⁇ m. This thickness is related to an outer layer called " skin " type.
  • the outer protective sheath of the cable according to the invention preferably has a Shore D hardness of at least 50 according to ISO 868.
  • the adhesion of the outer layer may be improved by the nature of the outer protective sheath, especially when said outer sheath is apolar type, and optionally loaded with mineral fillers, including flame retardant fillers.
  • the various polymeric layers of the electrical cable of the invention preferably do not include halogenated compounds.
  • halogenated compounds may be of any kind, such as, for example, fluorinated polymers or chlorinated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), halogenated plasticizers, halogenated mineral fillers, etc.
  • the latter further comprises a semiconductor screen internal between the conductive element and the electrically insulating layer, and an external semiconductor screen between the electrically insulating layer and the metal screen.
  • the electric cable thus formed is called a high or very high voltage power cable.
  • the metal screen can be brought into contact with the high voltage source for example by cutting a "window" in the outer protective sheath to place an electrode in the metal screen.
  • the voltage is increased to a predetermined value, and left active for a predetermined time.
  • the predetermined value of the voltage is set at 20 kV and that of the duration is fixed at 15 minutes.
  • the outer protective sheath When a drop in the value of the voltage is observed as well as an increase and / or an instability of the charged charging current, the outer protective sheath has a defect.
  • the fall of the value of the voltage on the one hand, and the increase and / or the instability of the charge current on the other hand, are easily identifiable respectively using a high voltage voltmeter in combination with a voltage reducer (for voltage) and an ohmic shunt in combination with a suitable voltmeter (for current).
  • the defect can then be located for example by electrical echometry, then the damaged part of the cable can be repaired.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a schematic perspective exploded view of an electric cable according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the power cable 1 at high voltage or at very high voltage, represented on the figure 1 comprises a central conducting element 2, in particular made of copper or aluminum, and, successively and coaxially around this element, a so-called “internal” semiconductor layer 3, an electrically insulating layer 4, a semiconductor layer 5 called “ external ", a metal screen 6 of grounding and / or protection, an outer sheath 7 of protection, and an outer layer 8 extruded according to the invention.
  • Layers 3, 4 and 5 are conventionally extruded and crosslinked layers by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the presence of the semiconductor layers 3 and 5 is preferred, but not essential.
  • the protective structure which includes the metal screen 6 and the outer sheath 7 protection, may also include other protective elements.
  • the protective structure of this cable is as such of known type and outside the scope of the present invention.
  • compositions 1 to 5 are mixed in a continuous mixer or a twin-screw extruder.
  • the polymer, and optionally the additives, are introduced by appropriate metering means into the mixer, the polymer being melt.
  • the electrically conductive charges, and possibly the other charges are introduced into the melt and homogenized.
  • the mixture obtained is granulated using a granulation device.
  • the granules obtained in the granulation step are extruded, the extrudate being deposited around an outer protective sheath (also extruded) with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm surrounding a wire of a section of 1.5 mm 2 .
  • the respective thickness of the outer layers, obtained respectively from compositions 1 to 3 extruded, is between 0.15 and 0.2 mm.
  • the bilayers of the electric cables thus obtained are subjected to a visual inspection.
  • the HFFR sheath (or outer protective sheath) of Table 1 is an HFFR material marketed by NEXANS under the reference HS3411-T.
  • thermoplastic compositions of the invention can be extruded on the outer protective sheath of the cable without significant detachment of the outer layer can be found, unlike compositions 1 and 2.
  • Composition 2 Composition 3
  • Composition 4 Composition 5 Resistance to fracture (MPa) 11.7 29.8 24.2 16.5 15.5 Elongation at break (%) 450 513 575 518 454
  • Modulus of elasticity (MPa) NM * 1620 1046 1056 1267 Volume resistivity at 23 ° C (Ohm.m) 0.25 10 0.22 0.36 0.25 Hardness (Shore D) 55 NM * 57 NM * NM * Burn time in vertical direction of solid rods (seconds) NM * NM * 259 298 366 Evaluation of the firing during the test of burning of solid rods NM * NM * Easy firing Medium firing Difficult firing * NM Value or characteristic not measured
  • the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity) as well as the volume resistivity at 23 ° C were measured on specimens taken from extruded strips (0.3 mm thick) obtained from compositions 1 to 5.
  • the breaking strength and elongation at break are determined according to IEC 60811-1-1 standard, the specimens being of the type “dumbbells" ISO 37-2 and the tensile speed used being 100 mm / min.
  • the modulus of elasticity (or Young's modulus) is determined by tensile tests according to ISO 527-1 or ASTM D 638, the specimens being of the type “dumbbells" ISO 37-2 and the traction speed used being 100 mm / min.
  • the modulus of elasticity makes it possible to characterize the rigidity of a material. The higher its value, the more the material is said to be rigid.
  • the volume resistivity is determined according to the ASTM D991 standard or a method derived from the ISO 3915 standard.
  • the Shore D value is determined using a durometer, according to ISO868 or ASTM D 2240.
  • the burning time in the vertical direction of a flame of solid rods is determined as follows. Solid rods with a diameter of 4 mm are extruded with each of compositions 1 to 5. These rods are then dried for 48 hours at a temperature of 70 ° C. in a hot air oven to eliminate any influence of absorbed moisture. on fire behavior. After drying, the rushes are cut into pieces with a length of 22 cm. Under a fume hood is placed a laboratory stand on which is fixed a clamping nut at a height of 30 cm. This clamping nut holds a short stand rod in the horizontal direction. At the end of this rod, a second clamping nut is fixed. Each ring is fixed vertically in this second clamping nut, the clamping length being 2 cm.
  • the free length available for the flame is thus 20 cm.
  • the ring is then fired with a butane flame.
  • the time between the firing of the rod (that is to say when the rod burns all alone) and the complete extinction of the flame, is measured using a stopwatch.
  • 3 rods are burned and the average value of the combustion times thus obtained calculated (in seconds). The interpretation of the values is as such: the longer the burning time, and this only for a combustion on the entire length and where the rod is consumed in total over 20 cm, the fire retardant filler is effective to delay combustion.
  • compositions 3 to 5 show that the compositions according to the invention are much more mechanically flexible, even for compositions 4 and 5 which are heavily loaded. This increased flexibility reduces the risk of cracking of the outer layer during handling and / or installation of the cable.
  • compositions 4 and 5 additionally containing a flame retardant filler of the HFFR type show an increased flame retardancy effect with respect to composition 3, which is particularly pronounced for composition 5.
  • the fire behavior of the assembly consisting of said conductive outer layer according to the invention and the outer protective sheath type HFFR, is very favorable, said assembly also having very good mechanical properties, good electrical conductivity as well as a good membership.

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Claims (12)

  1. Stromkabel (1), umfassend ein Leitelement (2), und aufeinander folgend um dieses Leitelement (2) herum angeordnet, eine elektrisch isolierende Schicht (4), eine Metallabschirmung (6) und einen Außenschutzmantel (7), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner eine extrudierte Außenschicht (8) umfasst, die den Außenschutzmantel (7) umgibt, wobei die extrudierte Außenschicht (8) mit dem Außenschutzmantel (7) unmittelbar im Kontakt steht und aus einer Zusammenfassung erhalten worden ist, die mehr als 50,0 Gewichtsteile apolares Polymer pro 100 Gewichtsteile Polymer in der Zusammensetzung sowie einen leitenden Füllstoff umfasst.
  2. Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung mindestens 60 Gew.-Teile apolares Polymer pro 100 Gew.-Teile Polymer in der Zusammensetzung, vorzugsweise 80 Gew.-Teile apolares Polymer pro 100 Gew.-Teile Polymer in der Zusammensetzung, umfasst.
  3. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das apolare Polymer gewählt ist aus LLDPE, VLDPE und ULDPE oder einer Mischung davon.
  4. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung ferner höchstens 40 Gew.-Teile polares Polymer pro 100 Gew.-Teile Polymer in der Zusammensetzung, vorzugsweise höchstens 20 Gew.-Teile polares Polymer pro 100 Gew.-Teile Polymer in der Zusammensetzung, umfasst.
  5. Kabel nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das polare Polymer gewählt ist aus den EBA-Copolymeren, den EEA-Copolymeren und den EMA-Copolymeren oder einer Mischung davon.
  6. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung einen elektrisch leitenden Füllstoff zu mindestens 10 Gew. % umfasst.
  7. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung einen elektrisch leitenden Füllstoff zu höchstens 40 Gew. % umfasst.
  8. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrisch leitende Füllstoff gewählt ist aus Russ, Graphit, Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen, dotierten anorganischen Füllstoffen und eigenleitenden Polymerpulvern oder einer Mischung davon.
  9. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenschicht (8) eine Stärke von höchstens 400 µm, vorzugsweise höchstens 300 µm, aufweist.
  10. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenschutzmantel eine Shore-D-Härte von mindestens 50 nach ISO 868 aufweist.
  11. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner einen halbleitenden Innenschirm (3) zwischen dem Leitelement (2) und der elektrisch isolierenden Schicht (4) sowie einen halbleitenden Außenschirm (5) zwischen der elektrisch isolierenden Schicht (4) und der Metallabschirmung (6) umfasst.
  12. Kabel nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung ferner einen Flammschutzfüllstoff umfasst.
EP10154403.9A 2009-02-27 2010-02-23 Hochspannungskabel Revoked EP2224459B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0951257A FR2942673B1 (fr) 2009-02-27 2009-02-27 Cable electrique a haute tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2224459A1 EP2224459A1 (de) 2010-09-01
EP2224459B1 true EP2224459B1 (de) 2018-12-12

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EP10154403.9A Revoked EP2224459B1 (de) 2009-02-27 2010-02-23 Hochspannungskabel

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US (1) US8410789B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2224459B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2693853A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2942673B1 (de)

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CN104851501A (zh) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 安徽新华电缆(集团)有限公司 一种耐热抗干扰重力电缆
CN103854771A (zh) * 2014-02-24 2014-06-11 安徽卓越电缆有限公司 一种直流电线
CN104867597A (zh) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-26 安徽卓越电缆有限公司 一种铜导体硅橡胶绝缘电缆
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"Compounds for Wire & Cable", PRAMKOR CATALOGUE
"Dow EnduranceTM DHDA-7708 BK Semiconductive Jacketing Compound", TECHNICAL INFORMATION - POWER, February 2009 (2009-02-01), pages 1 - 3, XP055641871
"Dow Wire & Cable Launches Portfolio for Europe , India , Middle East & Africa; Introduces New Flame-Retardant Compound for High-Heat Environments", WIRE & CABLE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, May 2008 (2008-05-01), pages 49, XP055641869
"Global High Voltage Solutions", DOW WIRE & CABLE, August 2008 (2008-08-01), pages 1 - 11, XP055238237
"Guide for Selecting and Testing Jackets for Power , Instrumentation, and Control Cables", IEEE, 2007, pages 1 - 41, XP017601847
"Material Safety Data Sheet Dow ENDURANCE T+ DHDA-7708 BK", THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, 2 March 2007 (2007-03-02), XP055641873
SPECIFIED MATERIAL CODE DHDA-7708 BK 7708BK
THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY PRODUCTION SPECIFICATION, 12 January 2009 (2009-01-12)
THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY PRODUCTION SPECIFICATION, 7 June 2005 (2005-06-07)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2942673B1 (fr) 2011-04-01
EP2224459A1 (de) 2010-09-01
US8410789B2 (en) 2013-04-02
US20100231228A1 (en) 2010-09-16
CA2693853A1 (fr) 2010-08-27
FR2942673A1 (fr) 2010-09-03

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