EP2498264B1 - Mittel- oder Hochspannungsstromkabel - Google Patents

Mittel- oder Hochspannungsstromkabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2498264B1
EP2498264B1 EP20120158597 EP12158597A EP2498264B1 EP 2498264 B1 EP2498264 B1 EP 2498264B1 EP 20120158597 EP20120158597 EP 20120158597 EP 12158597 A EP12158597 A EP 12158597A EP 2498264 B1 EP2498264 B1 EP 2498264B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
thermoplastic polymer
cable according
cable
composition
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Application number
EP20120158597
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2498264A1 (de
Inventor
Arnaud Allais
Boris Dardel
Guy Delaunois
Tim Delcourt
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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Publication of EP2498264A1 publication Critical patent/EP2498264A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable comprising an elongate conductive element surrounded by at least one polymeric layer.
  • the medium or high voltage energy cables comprise at least typically a central electrical conductor and, successively and coaxially around this electrical conductor, a semiconducting inner layer, an electrically insulating intermediate layer, a semiconducting outer layer.
  • the energy cables have a normal operating temperature related to the maximum temperature reached by the heating of the electrical conductor that composes them.
  • the maximum temperatures of the electrical conductor can range from 70 ° C to 90 ° C.
  • the insulating materials recommended are non-crosslinked insulators of the low-density thermoplastic polyethylene type.
  • the insulating materials recommended are non-crosslinked insulators of the high-density thermoplastic polyethylene type.
  • the recommended insulators are insulators of the crosslinked polyethylene type, or elastomer of ethylene and propylene.
  • An improperly used insulator such as a low or high density thermoplastic polyethylene used as an insulating layer in cables with maximum temperatures of 90 ° C, would induce problems of mechanical deformation of the insulation material and therefore risk of electrical breakdown of the cable in question.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by providing a polymeric layer for cable guaranteeing good mechanical properties at high temperature (eg at least 90 ° C) while being easy to implement.
  • the Applicant has surprisingly found that the polyolefin thermoplastic polymer of the invention, used as a non-crosslinked cable layer, advantageously enables the requirements of the 130 ° C hot pressure test to be met, according to the IEC standard. 60811-3-1 paragraph 8.
  • the polymeric layer of the invention thus has the advantage of guaranteeing good mechanical properties at high temperatures, especially at temperatures of 90 ° C. or more. It can therefore be applied to power cables that have an operating temperature of 90 ° C, in operational configuration.
  • polymeric layer of the invention is easy to implement, especially by conventional extrusion techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the polymeric layer of the invention is a thermoplastic layer, or in other words a so-called “non-crosslinked” layer: it is therefore easily recyclable at the end of its life.
  • capillary viscosity measurements ( ⁇ ), corresponding to the flow resistance, are carried out in accordance with ISO 11443: 2005 or ASTM D3835-08.
  • the capillary viscosity is conventionally determined using a capillary rheometer.
  • thermoplastic polyolefin of the invention of the invention may be an olefin homopolymer or an olefin copolymer.
  • Polyethylene will preferably be used as the polyolefin.
  • polyethylene By way of example of polyethylene, mention may be made of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA), methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethylacrylate (2HEA), ethylene and alpha copolymers olefins such as, for example, polyethylene octene (PEO), or terpolymers of ethylene propylene diene (EPDM), and a mixture thereof.
  • LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • MDPE medium density polyethylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • EVA vinyl acetate copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EBA), methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethylacrylate (2HEA), ethylene and alpha copolymers o
  • a homopolymer of ethylene and especially a high density ethylene homopolymer, which is preferably connected.
  • the density of the thermoplastic polymer is at least 941 kg / m 3 at 23 ° C, and preferably at least 950 kg / m 3 at 23 ° C (according to ISO 1183 / A) .
  • ISO 1183 / A we speak conventionally of high density polymer.
  • the melting temperature of the thermoplastic polymer may be at least 130 ° C, and preferably at least 134 ° C.
  • the melting temperature of said polymer may typically be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3, with a temperature ramp of 10 ° C./min under an inert atmosphere.
  • this melting point of the thermoplastic polymer can be obtained by subjecting a first heating cycle to said thermoplastic polymer in order to "erase" its eventual thermal history, then a second heating cycle, identical to the first cycle, in order to obtain a melting temperature which is not influenced by said eventual thermal history of said polymer.
  • the ratio of the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the thermoplastic polymer to the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the thermoplastic polymer may range from 3 to 30, and preferably from 5 to 7.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) can range from 142,000 to 152,000 daltons (Da).
  • the number-average molecular mass (Mn) can range from 24800 to 26700 daltons (Da).
  • the melt flow index (MFI) of the thermoplastic polymer may range from 0.1 to 2.0 g / 10 min (190 ° C./2.16 kg according to ISO 1133), and preferably from 0.7 and 1.1 g / 10 min (190 ° C / 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133).
  • the thermoplastic polymer is a monomodal polyolefin.
  • a monomodal polyolefin is a polyolefin whose molecular weight distribution is monomodal, i.e. said polyolefin comprises only one type of polyolefin fraction.
  • the characteristic of capillary viscosity specific to the thermoplastic polymer of the invention can be combined with at least one of said seven characteristics, preferably at least two of said seven characteristics, preferably at least three of said seven characteristics, preferably at least at least four of said seven features, preferably at least five of said seven features, preferably at least six of said seven features, and particularly preferably said seven features.
  • the composition of the invention is a thermoplastic composition, and may comprise more than 50.0 parts by weight of thermoplastic polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) (ie polymer matrix) in the composition, preferably at least 70 parts by weight of thermoplastic polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said composition, and particularly preferably at least 90 parts by weight of thermoplastic polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said composition.
  • the composition of the invention comprises a polymer matrix which is composed only of the thermoplastic polymer of the invention or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers including the thermoplastic polymer of the invention.
  • all the polymers used in the composition of the invention are one or more thermoplastic polymers of polyolefin type as defined in the invention.
  • composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one protective agent such as an antioxidant.
  • a protective agent such as an antioxidant.
  • Antioxidants help to protect the composition of the heat stress generated during cable manufacturing or cable operation.
  • the type of stabilizer and its level in the composition of the invention are conventionally chosen according to the maximum temperature experienced by the polymers during the production of the mixture and during the implementation by extrusion on the cable as well as according to the maximum duration of exposure to this temperature.
  • the composition may typically comprise from 0.1% to 2% by weight of antioxidant (s). Preferably, it may comprise at most 0.7% by weight of antioxidant (s), especially when the antioxidant is TMQ.
  • additives and / or other fillers well known to those skilled in the art may also be added to the composition of the invention such as scorch retarders; agents promoting implementation such as lubricants or waxes; compatibilizing agents; coupling agents; UV stabilizers; non-conductive charges; electrically conductive charges; semiconductor charges; and / or halogen-free inorganic fillers for improving the fire behavior of the composition.
  • the cable of the invention preferably does not include halogenated compounds.
  • halogenated compounds can be of any kind, such as, for example, fluorinated polymers or chlorinated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), halogenated plasticizers, halogenated mineral fillers, etc.
  • the cable of the invention may be an energy and / or telecommunication cable, such as an electrical and / or optical cable, intended for the transmission of energy and / or the transmission of data.
  • the elongated conductive element may be one or more electrical conductor (s) and / or optical (s).
  • the polymeric layer may be a layer in direct physical contact or not with the electrical conductor (s) and / or optical (s). It can also be a protective sheath surrounding one or more electrically isolated conductor (s) and / or optic (s).
  • the polymeric layer of the invention is preferably an extruded layer by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the cable of the invention is an electric cable type energy cable.
  • the cable of the invention may comprise in particular a first semiconductor layer surrounding the elongated conductive element, a second electrically insulating layer surrounding the first layer, and a third semiconductor layer surrounding the second layer, a of these three layers being the non-crosslinked layer of the invention.
  • the non-crosslinked layer of the invention is the electrically insulating layer (i.e. second layer).
  • the composition of the invention may not comprise an (electrically) conductive charge and / or not comprise a semiconductor charge.
  • At least two of the three layers of the cable are uncrosslinked layers, and preferably the three layers of the cable are uncrosslinked layers.
  • the composition of the invention when used for the manufacture of the semiconductor layers (first layer and / or third layer), the composition further comprises at least one (electrically) conductive filler or a semiconductor filler, in an amount necessary and sufficient to render the semiconductor composition.
  • a layer is semiconductive when its electrical conductivity is at least 0.001 Sm -1 (Siemens per meter).
  • composition used to obtain a semiconductor layer may comprise from 4 to 40% by weight of (electrically) conductive filler, preferably at least 15% by weight of conductive filler, and even more preferably at least 25% by weight of filler. conductive.
  • the conductive filler may advantageously be chosen from carbon blacks, and graphites, or a mixture thereof.
  • At least one of these three layers is an extruded layer, preferably two of these three layers are extruded layers, and even more preferably these three layers are extruded layers.
  • the first semiconductor layer, the second electrically insulating layer and the third semiconductor layer constitute a three-layer insulation.
  • the second electrically insulating layer is directly in physical contact with the first semiconductor layer
  • the third semiconductor layer is directly in physical contact with the second electrically insulating layer.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the third semiconductor layer.
  • This metal screen may be a "wired” screen, consisting of a set of copper or aluminum conductors arranged around and along the third semiconductor layer, a so-called “ribbon” screen composed of one or more ribbons conductive metal laid helically around the third semiconductor layer, or a so-called “sealed” type metal screen surrounding the third semiconductor layer.
  • This last type of screen makes it possible in particular to provide a moisture barrier that tends to penetrate the electrical cable radially.
  • All types of metal screens can act as grounding of the electric cable and can carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short circuit in the network concerned.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may comprise an outer protective sheath surrounding the third semiconductor layer, or more particularly surrounding said metal screen when it exists.
  • This outer protective sheath can be made conventionally from suitable thermoplastic materials such as HDPE, MDPE or LLDPE; or else materials retarding the propagation of the flame or resistant to the propagation of the flame. In particular, if the latter materials do not contain halogen, it is called cladding type HFFR (for the Angl convinced " Halogen Free Flame Retardant ").
  • the electrical conductor of the cable of the invention may also comprise swelling materials in the presence of moisture to obtain a "sealed core".
  • Medium or high voltage power cable 1 shown in FIG. figure 1 , comprises an elongate central conductive element 2, in particular made of copper or aluminum, and, successively and coaxially, comprises around this element 2, a first semiconductor layer 3 called an "internal semiconducting layer", a second electrically insulating second layer 4; , a third semiconductor layer 5 called “external semiconductor layer”, a metal screen 6 of the cylindrical tube type, and an outer protective sheath 7, the layers 3, 4 and 5 being obtainable from a composition according to the invention.
  • Layers 3, 4 and 5 are extruded and uncrosslinked layers.
  • composition C1 The amounts of the constituents of the composition C1 according to the invention, detailed in Table 1, are expressed as a percentage (%) by weight in the composition of the invention.
  • thermoplastic polymer is characterized by the properties gathered in the following tables 2a and 2b. ⁇ b> ⁇ u> Table 2b ⁇ / u> ⁇ /b> Property: capillary viscosity Temperature Shear 0.1 s -1 Shear of 10 3 s -1 Shear 10 6 s -1 170 ° C 10223 Pa.s 254 Pa.s 0.57 Pa.s 230 ° C 5732 Pa.s 228 Pa's 0.53 Pa.s
  • Capillary viscosity was determined using a capillary rheometer marketed by Porpoise Ltd. under the reference P9-A, and in accordance with ISO 11443: 2005 or ASTM D3835-08.
  • an energy cable is produced with an extruded and uncrosslinked three-layer insulation.
  • This cable comprises an aluminum conductor successively surrounded and coaxially by a first semiconductor layer, a second electrically insulating layer, and a third semiconductor layer.
  • the first and third layers are layers obtained by materials well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second layer being obtained from the thermoplastic composition C1.
  • a specimen i.e. energy cable comprising the aluminum conductor surrounded solely by the first semiconductor layer and the second electrically insulating layer.
  • the impression device used for the test consists of a rectangular blade with an edge 0.70 ⁇ 0.01 mm wide, which can be pressed against the specimen.
  • the pressure test is carried out at a temperature of 130 ° C. (specimen and impression device).
  • the "Weight” refers to the weight of the impression device used on the specimens to perform the pressure test; "Thickness” is that of the second electrically insulating layer according to the invention; and the “Outside Diameter” is that of the specimen.
  • the deformation value at 130 ° C (or median measured depth of fingerprint depth) must be at most 50%, which is effectively the case for C1-1 and C1-2 test pieces.

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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Kabel (1), das ein längliches Leiterelement (2) umfasst, das von mindestens einer Polymerschicht (3, 4, 5) umgeben ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polymerschicht (3, 4, 5) eine nicht vernetzte Schicht ist, die aus einer Zusammensetzung gewonnen wird, die mindestens ein thermoplastisches Polyolefin mit einer kapillaren Viskosität (η):
    - von höchstens 11.000 Pa.s bei 170 °C und
    - von mindestens 5.000 Pa.s bei 230 °C,
    mit einer Scherung von 0,1 s-1 umfasst.
  2. Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kapillare Viskosität ferner höchstens 0,80 Pa.s bei 170 °C und bei 230 °C mit einer Scherung von 106 s-1 sein kann.
  3. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichte des thermoplastischen Polymers bei 23 °C mindestens 941 kg/m3 ist.
  4. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelztemperatur des thermoplastischen Polymers mindestens 130 °C beträgt.
  5. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der gewichtsmäßigen molekularen Masse (Mw) des thermoplastischen Polymers zur zahlenmäßigen molekularen Masse (Mn) des thermoplastischen Polymers zwischen 5 und 7 inklusive ist.
  6. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schmelzflussindex (MFI) des thermoplastischen Polymers von 0,1 bis 2,0 g/10 min reicht (190 °C / 2,16 kg gemäß Norm ISO 1133).
  7. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermoplastische Polymer ein monomodales Polyolefin ist.
  8. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermoplastische Polymer ein Polyethylen ist.
  9. Kabel nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermoplastische Polymer ein Ethylen-Homopolymer ist.
  10. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung mehr als 50,0 Gewichtsteile thermoplastisches Polymer auf 100 Gewichtsteile Polymer in der Zusammensetzung umfasst.
  11. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine erste halbleitende Schicht (3), die das längliche Leiterelement (2) umgibt, eine zweite elektrisch isolierende Schicht (4), die die erste Schicht (3) umgibt, und eine dritte halbleitende Schicht (5), die die zweite Schicht (4) umgibt, umfasst, wobei eine dieser drei Schichten (3, 4, 5) die nicht vernetzte Schicht ist.
  12. Kabel nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nicht vernetzte Schicht die elektrisch isolierende Schicht (4) ist.
  13. Kabel nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die drei Schichten (3, 4, 5) des Kabels nicht vernetzte Schichten sind.
EP20120158597 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Mittel- oder Hochspannungsstromkabel Active EP2498264B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1151869A FR2972561A1 (fr) 2011-03-08 2011-03-08 Cable electrique a moyenne ou haute tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2498264A1 EP2498264A1 (de) 2012-09-12
EP2498264B1 true EP2498264B1 (de) 2013-08-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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EP (1) EP2498264B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2429505T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2972561A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6861143B2 (en) * 1999-11-17 2005-03-01 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Cable with recyclable covering
JP5183365B2 (ja) * 2008-08-27 2013-04-17 日本ポリエチレン株式会社 非架橋電線用ポリエチレン樹脂材料およびそれを用いた電線・ケーブル
KR101311230B1 (ko) * 2009-03-24 2013-09-24 에스케이종합화학 주식회사 전력케이블용 비 가교 폴리에틸렌 조성물

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ES2429505T3 (es) 2013-11-15
EP2498264A1 (de) 2012-09-12
FR2972561A1 (fr) 2012-09-14

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