EP0109019A2 - Elément chauffant de surface, en particulier pour bandage ou couverture chauffante - Google Patents

Elément chauffant de surface, en particulier pour bandage ou couverture chauffante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0109019A2
EP0109019A2 EP83111074A EP83111074A EP0109019A2 EP 0109019 A2 EP0109019 A2 EP 0109019A2 EP 83111074 A EP83111074 A EP 83111074A EP 83111074 A EP83111074 A EP 83111074A EP 0109019 A2 EP0109019 A2 EP 0109019A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
surface heating
resistance
tracks
network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83111074A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0109019A3 (fr
Inventor
Hans Oppitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eltac Nogler und Daum KG
Original Assignee
Eltac Nogler und Daum KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eltac Nogler und Daum KG filed Critical Eltac Nogler und Daum KG
Publication of EP0109019A2 publication Critical patent/EP0109019A2/fr
Publication of EP0109019A3 publication Critical patent/EP0109019A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surface heating element, in particular for bandages or heated blankets, with a positive temperature coefficient and a plurality of power supply lines arranged at a distance from one another.
  • Surface heating elements are already known, in particular for an electrically heated bed cover - DE-OS 21 57 356 - the resistance of which increases with increasing temperature.
  • the surface heating element is formed by individual heating conductors, which are worked independently of one another into a bedspread in the form of a mesh. In order to be able to generate the desired temperatures, these heating elements must have a relatively high temperature in order to cause heat to be emitted by heat radiation by radiation from the unheated surfaces lying between the individual heating elements.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a surface heating element which can give off heat evenly distributed over a surface area and in which the risk of overheating of the surface heating element is eliminated by its construction.
  • the power supply lines are formed by contact tracks and are operatively connected to a flat support device, and that the contact tracks and the support device are provided with an electrically conductive plastic, in particular an elastomer with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • an electrically conductive plastic in particular an elastomer with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • an elastomer with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance reaches a fully automatic limitation of the final temperature.
  • This limitation relates not only to the power supplied, but also to the ambient temperature, which also influences the temperature of the surface heating element. This eliminates any security risk for users and achieves psychologically harmless heat application and adaptation. It is advantageous above all that there is a short wavelength of the surface heating element in the area of black radiation. This gives users a sense of well-being when using this surface heating element in duvets or bandages. Another advantage is that this black radiation has proven extremely useful for the treatment of certain symptoms of illness. In addition, with the surface heating element according to the invention, it is possible to find sufficiency without temperature control.
  • the carrying device for example a network
  • an electrically conductive plastic for example an elastomer with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance
  • a thread-like carrier material for example carbon fibers, metal threads or the like
  • the network becomes resistant to mechanical stresses, so that damage to the contact tracks is avoided with certain stresses.
  • the embedding of carbon fibers in the elastomer forming the network also has the advantage that when the network is used for heating purposes in the vicinity of aggressive air conditions or chemical reactions, no corrosion phenomena can occur on the contact tracks.
  • the network consists of flexible thread-like carrier material and that the contact tracks are formed by flexible lanyards, and are preferably arranged parallel to a longitudinal fiber direction of the network, whereby a good adaptation, in particular with heating associations, is achieved and the mobility of the Patients who wear such bandages are not restricted too much.
  • the thread-like carrier material of the support device or of the network forms resistance tracks and consists, for example, of polyamide or polyester, and that the resistance tracks running perpendicular to the contact tracks have a higher conductance than the resistance tracks running parallel to these. This can also lead to thermal jams due to differences in conductance, no undesired local overheating of the surface heating element occurs.
  • the resistance tracks of the network running parallel to the contact tracks have a smaller cross-section than the resistance tracks running perpendicular to the contact tracks.
  • the same basic material can thus be used to produce the threads of the network running parallel and perpendicular to the contact tracks.
  • the resistance tracks of the network running perpendicular to the contact tracks and the elastomer applied to them are designed to be elastic in the longitudinal direction of the resistance tracks.
  • the network is also possible for the network to be coated with the elastomer in such a way that openings remain between the individual resistance tracks.
  • This embodiment is distinguished in particular when the surface heating elements are used as bandages, since this ensures a consistently good vapor diffusion of the parts of the body being treated.
  • the network it is also possible for the network to be coated with an elastomer which has a non-linear temperature coefficient of electrical resistance with a characteristic curve, preferably in the region of the body temperature.
  • This special design of the elastomer with which the net is coated ensures that the temperature of the surface heating element cannot rise significantly above the body temperature, because of the subsequent substantial increase in the electrical resistance in the elastomer automatically prevents further heating. This ensures a high level of security against undesired overheating of the surface heating element, especially in applications of surface heating elements for associations.
  • the elastomer in particular its resistance, is designed to connect the contact tracks to a low-voltage current source and that the current source is preferably equipped with a step circuit for half-wave operation with a semiconductor diode.
  • a low-voltage power source for supplying the surface heating elements according to the invention enables the same to be used extremely universally, even in those areas where the use of these heating foils was not possible for safety reasons, especially as a result of the high voltage used.
  • At least on one side of the network e.g. partially laminated foam coating is arranged, so that lying on surface heating elements according to the invention is not perceived as disturbing.
  • a heat reflection layer e.g. a reflective tape or the like. is arranged. Unwanted heat radiation or energy emission in areas to be excluded from heating can thus be reduced or completely eliminated, as a result of which the energy consumption of such surface heating elements can be additionally reduced.
  • a surface heating element 1 is shown.
  • This surface heating element comprises a flat support device, e.g. a network 2, the threads of which run perpendicular to one another and are networked with one another form resistance tracks 3 to 7 or 8.9.
  • the resistance tracks 3 to 9 each consist of thread-like carrier materials 10 and 11, e.g. Polyamide or polyester fibers.
  • Some of the resistance tracks namely the resistance tracks 3, 4 and 6, are assigned power supply lines 12, which are formed by contact tracks 13. These are e.g. formed by so-called Lahn tapes 14. These tapes 14 consist of a plurality of current-conducting threads 15 running parallel to one another, e.g. Metal and / or carbon threads or fibers that are woven or knitted together to form a band.
  • the power supply lines 12 are connected to the resistance tracks 3, 4 and 6, 7.
  • the network 2 is shown on a larger scale.
  • the distance between the individual mutually perpendicular resistance tracks 3 to 9 is on average approximately 5 mm and the power supply lines 12 are usually arranged at a distance of between 25 and 50 mm from one another, depending on the performance of the surface heating element.
  • the elastomer 16 with which these and the network 2 are coated is only shown over a small part of the length of the resistance tracks 4, 5 and 6, 7.
  • the individual resistance tracks 3 to 9 are coated in such a way that openings 17 remain between the individual resistance tracks even after coating with the elastomer.
  • the elastomer 16 is formed with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and consists essentially of a conductive silicone rubber which e.g. with heating bandages, blankets or the like. about 0.5 - 3% increase in resistance per degree K.
  • An unstable heat distribution is achieved because, with little heating, the increase in power consumption is greater than the increase in heat output.
  • a resistance mass according to AT-PS 274 965 or AT-PS 313 588 can preferably be used as the elastomer. If conductive plastics are produced according to the invention, surprisingly, plastic plants with a very strongly positive temperature coefficient are obtained. By adding the conductor particles known per se, for example graphite, it is possible to reduce the very large resistivities, the temperature coefficient of the plastic predominating as long as the conductor particles do not continuously touch to form a skeleton.
  • the process consists essentially in adding synthetic resin dispersions, synthetic resin solutions or synthetic resins with metal or semimetal compounds or their solutions in an amount such that there is approximately one metal or semimetal atom on a synthetic resin molecule, and reducing agents after mixing added in a slight excess or the metal or semimetal atoms are formed by known thermal decomposition, whereupon ions which are formed or are still present are washed out and the dispersions, solutions or granules are mixed with graphite or carbon black.
  • the plastic surprisingly shows semiconductor properties: it now has an albeit high specific resistance with a strongly positive temperature coefficient. As the silver content increases, they become progressive coherent silver metal layers are formed, whereby the temperature coefficient of resistance shifts more and more to that of silver.
  • plastics are obtained which are free of ions.
  • plastics that contain ions have only a low resistance to aging when exposed to electrical currents. An ion conduction will suddenly occur, apparently due to the effects of moisture, which can lead to momentary destruction of the plastic.
  • the graphite is only added after the hot polymerization, which results in a conductive, sprayable plastic after granulation and drying.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the individual resistance tracks 3 to 7 and 8 are coated with the elastomer 16.
  • the power supply lines 12 are also coated with the elastomer 16.
  • the cross section 18 of the resistance tracks 8, 9, which run perpendicular to the power supply lines 12, is smaller than the cross section 19, the resistance tracks 3 to 7 running parallel to the power supply lines 12 electrical voltage from one power supply line 12 to the other power supply line 12 avoided with high security.
  • FIG. 3 shows a surface heating element 1 incorporated in a heating unit 20.
  • the heating bandage 20 is designed in the manner of a belt and has connecting surfaces 22 provided with a Velcro fastener in the end regions 21. By pressing the connecting surfaces 22 together, the two end regions 21 adhere to one another, so that the heating bandage 20 can be adapted to different body circumferences or circumferences of limbs or the like.
  • a foam coating 23 has been removed over part of the heating bandage 20, so that the resistance tracks 24, 25 and the power supply lines 26 to 28 can be seen.
  • the power supply lines 26 to 28 run in the longitudinal direction - arrow 29 - of the heating unit 20.
  • a power supply source is connected to the power supply lines 26 to 28 via a feed line 30 which is provided with a plug contact 31.
  • a low voltage in the range between 6 and 42 volts is preferably used to supply the power supply lines 26 to 28 in a heating unit 20.
  • the surface heating element 1 is provided on both sides with a foam coating 23.
  • the surface heating element 1 is accordingly between these Foam coatings 23 embedded.
  • a textile coating 32 is applied to the side of the foam coating 23 facing away from the surface heating element 1.
  • the foam coatings 23 are connected to one another in their end regions by an adhesive or squeezing process, so that the surface heating element 1 is surrounded on all sides by this foam coating 23.
  • FIG. 5 shows the use of a surface heating element 1 according to the invention in a heating pad 33.
  • the surface heating element 1 is surrounded on all sides by a textile-coated foam coating 34.
  • the individual layers of the foam coating 34 are connected to one another in the region of the edge 35 and in the central region 36, for example by hot pressing.
  • a reflective film 38 is arranged on the side opposite the surface heating element 1 of the main radiation direction - arrow 37.
  • this reflection film is provided with small holes or through holes. It is essential that a radiation of the energy against the main direction of application - arrow 37 - is largely prevented.
  • FIG. 6 shows the course of the energy consumption as a function of time and the course of the temperature in comparison to the power consumption of a surface heating element 1 according to the invention.
  • the power consumption of the surface heating element 1 decreases with increasing time due to the rise in temperature and the consequent increase in resistance in the elastomer 16. This results in a self-stabilization of the surface heating element at a limit temperature that can be set by the elastomer.
  • the temperature curve on the surface heating element with ideal thermal insulation can be seen from the characteristic curve 40 drawn in full lines.
  • the characteristic curve 40 shown in broken lines shows the temperature profile of the surface heating element when heat is emitted, e.g. when used as a heating pad or bandage. The temperature stabilization is reached at approx. 50 °.
  • the elastomer can also be adjusted in such a way that it has a non-linear temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance, the kink 42 in the characteristic line 41 indicating the sudden increase in resistance after this limit temperature has been reached. This causes a sudden increase in the resistance in the elastomer and a lowering of the power consumption, so that after a relatively short heating-up time the temperature in the surface heating element is stabilized quickly.
  • This characteristic curve also represents the temperature profile when the surface heating element emits heat.
  • FIG. 7 shows a section through a surface heating element 43 which is formed by a network 44.
  • the base material from which this mesh 44 is made consists at least in part of an electrically conductive elastomer 45.
  • the mesh threads 46 and 47 form power supply lines 48, while the mesh threads 49, 50, 51 form resistance tracks 52.
  • Lichen conductivities are incorporated in the network threads 46, 47 a plurality of thread-like carrier materials 53, for example carbon fibers and / or glass or metal fibers.
  • carbon fibers are used, it is possible to use them both for reinforcement and for power conduction, while when using glass fibers, but possibly also in combination with the carbon fibers, metal fibers, for example made of copper or similar highly conductive material, are achieved to achieve better conductivity. can be embedded. Due to the different number of carrier materials 53 arranged in the mesh threads 46, 47 and 49, 50, 51, a different conductivity is achieved. In order to ensure the conductivity prescribed according to the invention in the mesh threads 49.50 running parallel to the mesh threads 46, 47, fewer thread-like carrier materials are embedded in these mesh threads 49.50 than in the transverse mesh threads 51.
  • the mesh is knitted from the filamentary carrier materials, for example carbon fibers, optionally mixed with glass fibers or metal fibers, and for this mesh to be coated with an elastomer 45 with approximately the same coating thickness.
  • the filamentary carrier materials for example carbon fibers, optionally mixed with glass fibers or metal fibers
  • this mesh is coated with an elastomer 45 with approximately the same coating thickness.
  • the contact tracks 54 formed from carrier materials 53 can be connected to a low-voltage power source 55 via a connecting line.
  • This current source 55 is preferably connected to a step circuit 56, which enables half-wave operation with a semiconductor diode.
  • the configuration of the foam coatings accommodating the surface heating element 1 or mesh 2 can be freely selected. So instead pure textile materials or other plastic materials can be used Assumption of the panel heating element 1 or network 2, are used.
  • the type of control or the energy supply to the surface heating element or network can also be freely selected within the scope of the invention.
  • a thermal protection switch can also be provided for safety reasons in order to switch off overheating of the element in any case.
  • a plastic net which is coated with, or consists of, electrically conductive, deep black polymers, offers a number of advantages.
  • This coating on the basis of an electrical semiconductor system provides automatic regulation of the current flow as a function of the temperature. The higher the temperature rises, the lower the current intensity becomes until it is immeasurably small at a certain thermal equilibrium. Burning through overheating is almost impossible due to this self-regulating effect.
  • a medical advantage when using the surface heating element according to the invention as a heating bandage results from the fact that the emissivity of a body of temperature T for radiation of wavelength ⁇ is equal to its absorption capacity for this radiation. Since the network is designed as a black body and thus has the greatest possible absorption capacity, a black body can also emit radiation of all wavelengths.
  • the wavelength of the most intense radiation ⁇ is maximally proportional to the temperature
  • the intensity of the emitted wavelength increases with decreasing temperature.
  • the radiation shifts more and more to the invisible infrared (heat radiation). Since the temperature of the heating bandage is around 300 ° K and the heat source can be seen as an almost black body, the radiation takes place in its essential spectral range in the infrared. Compared to visible light, this infrared radiation penetrates deeper into the body and even at low temperatures there is the same feeling of warmth as at higher temperatures. structures in a different radiation area.
  • the deeper penetration of the infrared radiation and the stronger resonance of the biochemical macromolecules caused by the longer wavelength is the cause of the physiological effects, which means, for example, that there is no reddening of the skin even when the heating bandage is used for a long time, even when there is a great deal of heat.
  • the normally occurring heat accumulation on the skin is therefore eliminated in a heating bandage using the surface heating element according to the invention.
  • a surface heating element 57 is shown in FIG.
  • a carrier 58 is e.g. from a fabric 59 made of plastic.
  • Contact sheets 60 are applied or woven into this fabric mat or into this fabric mat.
  • These contact tracks 60 serve as power supply lines 61 and are formed, for example, by thread-like carrier materials, for example silver-coated carbon fibers, copper threads or lanyards made of such materials.
  • An electrically conductive plastic with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance is applied to the support device 58.
  • the fabric parts between the contact tracks 60, together with the conductive plastic 62, serve as a resistance track that heats up when current is passed.
  • the fabric 59 of the support device 58 it is possible to design the fabric 59 of the support device 58 in such a way that the fabric or the individual threads of the fabric which run perpendicular to the contact tracks 60 have a higher conductance than parallel to the contact tracks 60.
  • the shape of the support device 58 can be adapted to any application. So it is possible to use strip-shaped sheets, but also plates and molded parts with any outer circumference as a surface heating element.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP83111074A 1982-11-11 1983-11-07 Elément chauffant de surface, en particulier pour bandage ou couverture chauffante Withdrawn EP0109019A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0409482A AT383931B (de) 1982-11-11 1982-11-11 Flaechenheizelement, insbesondere fuer verbaende oder heizdecken
AT4094/82 1982-11-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0109019A2 true EP0109019A2 (fr) 1984-05-23
EP0109019A3 EP0109019A3 (fr) 1985-05-15

Family

ID=3559569

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83111074A Withdrawn EP0109019A3 (fr) 1982-11-11 1983-11-07 Elément chauffant de surface, en particulier pour bandage ou couverture chauffante

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US4518851A (fr)
EP (1) EP0109019A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5999690A (fr)
AT (1) AT383931B (fr)

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WO2017186895A1 (fr) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication

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JP6502612B2 (ja) 2011-01-21 2019-04-17 ケアウェイブ メディカル インコーポレイテッド モジュール式刺激アプリケータシステムおよび方法
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US11578213B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2023-02-14 Intelli Particle Pty Ltd Electrothermic compositions
FR3048151B1 (fr) * 2016-02-19 2018-02-23 Gerflor Structure multicouche pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol ou de mur chauffant
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DE102014005041A1 (de) 2014-04-01 2015-10-01 Siegfried Langhein Heizgewebe
WO2017186895A1 (fr) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication
CN109076647A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2018-12-21 业纳先进系统有限公司 加热装置及其制造方法
RU2737048C2 (ru) * 2016-04-28 2020-11-24 Дженоптик Эдвансд Системз Гмбх Нагревательное устройство и способ его изготовления
US11597524B2 (en) 2016-04-28 2023-03-07 Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh Heating device and method for manufacturing same

Also Published As

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US4645913A (en) 1987-02-24
EP0109019A3 (fr) 1985-05-15
US4518851A (en) 1985-05-21
ATA409482A (de) 1987-01-15
JPS5999690A (ja) 1984-06-08
AT383931B (de) 1987-09-10

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