EP0106792B1 - Agencement de four pour fondre et chauffer du métal - Google Patents

Agencement de four pour fondre et chauffer du métal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106792B1
EP0106792B1 EP83710070A EP83710070A EP0106792B1 EP 0106792 B1 EP0106792 B1 EP 0106792B1 EP 83710070 A EP83710070 A EP 83710070A EP 83710070 A EP83710070 A EP 83710070A EP 0106792 B1 EP0106792 B1 EP 0106792B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
inductor
arrangement according
chamber
channels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83710070A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0106792A3 (en
EP0106792A2 (fr
Inventor
Lars Halén
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Norden Holding AB
Original Assignee
ASEA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE8205898A external-priority patent/SE437726B/sv
Priority claimed from SE8303419A external-priority patent/SE8303419L/xx
Application filed by ASEA AB filed Critical ASEA AB
Priority to AT83710070T priority Critical patent/ATE34833T1/de
Publication of EP0106792A2 publication Critical patent/EP0106792A2/fr
Publication of EP0106792A3 publication Critical patent/EP0106792A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0106792B1 publication Critical patent/EP0106792B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/16—Furnaces having endless cores
    • H05B6/20—Furnaces having endless cores having melting channel only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace arrangement for melting and keeping metal warm.
  • a furnace arrangement which consists of two furnace vessels, each with a melting chamber, the two furnace vessels and their chambers being connected to one another by three inductor units, each with a connecting channel.
  • the melt channel of each inductor unit is surrounded by a cylindrical lining, which in turn is surrounded by an annular iron core on which a primary winding consisting of a copper cylinder is arranged, the longitudinal axis of this copper cylinder coinciding with the melt channel.
  • the inductor units can be installed and removed between the two furnace vessels using bayonet locks.
  • a furnace arrangement which consists of a one-piece unitary furnace vessel, the interior of which is divided into two chambers.
  • the partition between the chambers forms an inductor unit through which two connecting channels run between the two chambers.
  • the inductor unit consists of a core made of ceramic material, which is provided with a vertical channel in which the leg of the iron core of the inductor carrying the primary winding is arranged.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop a furnace arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset at such a low cost that the inductor can be installed and removed in a simple manner and the contraction distance in the inductor is small. Furthermore, it should be possible with the furnace arrangement to maintain a low output while maintaining the inductor, which is very advantageous for melting, for keeping the melt warm.
  • furnace inductors have a shell made of metallic material, the inductor being connected to a furnace vessel by flanging said shell onto the furnace vessel.
  • the inductor used in the present invention according to a further development of the invention does not have such a sheath, as a result of which eddy current losses which otherwise occur are avoided.
  • the said ceramic body is produced as a self-supporting building block from a material that can withstand relatively high compressive stresses, the inductor being connected to the furnace vessel in such a way that the said stone is clamped between two furnace vessels.
  • This construction according to the invention allows the inductor to be assembled quickly. This is very advantageous because inductors for trough furnaces in relatively short time intervals, e.g. B. must be replaced annually.
  • the term “contraction section” is generally understood to mean a duct section which is present in the inductor and along which a body of solidified metal forms when the furnace heating is switched off. Upon further cooling, this body tears easily, since its contraction is prevented to a certain extent by the canal. This cracking often has the consequence that the electrical secondary circuit of the inductor is interrupted.
  • the inductor used in the invention has the advantage that its contraction distance is shorter than in known inductors, which results from the fact that the channels of the inductor are open to two furnace chambers. This reduces the length of the contraction section to about a third compared to a conventional inductor.
  • said first and / or second chamber also contains a heat source arranged above the melt, which can be activated even when the inductor is switched off and whose maximum power is smaller than the maximum power of the inductor, but is sufficient to achieve the Keep molten metal in a liquid state for at least 24 hours.
  • a heat source arranged above the melt, which can be activated even when the inductor is switched off and whose maximum power is smaller than the maximum power of the inductor, but is sufficient to achieve the Keep molten metal in a liquid state for at least 24 hours.
  • the number of channels arranged between the two furnace chambers is at least 4, preferably at least 6, divided into 2 or 3 pairs, of which each pair (together with paths in the furnace chambers) is a primary coil (13 ', 13 " , 13 “'), which sits on the leg of a transformer core.
  • Each primary coil is fed by a phase of a two-phase or multi-phase electrical voltage system.
  • This expansion of the furnace arrangement according to the invention into a two-phase or multi-phase furnace arrangement results in a substantially larger furnace capacity and a high degree of efficiency.
  • the achievable efficiency increase can be 10 or more percent.
  • a phase can also be switched off and a warming effect can be achieved.
  • there is an asymmetrical load on the electrical network but this can be avoided by means of compensation arrangements.
  • the inductors provided between the two furnace vessels can consist of one or more assembled identical inductor units according to a modular system, so that by combining several such inductor units that are identical to one another, furnace arrangements with different melting capacities can be constructed.
  • the individual inductors can be arranged side by side and / or one behind the other between the two furnace vessels.
  • Each furnace vessel 1, 1 ' is provided with a lid 22 or 22', which consists of a metal tin box which contains a lining made of heat-resistant and heat-insulating material.
  • Each cover is provided with a heat source in the form of an electrical heating resistor 23 or 23 ', which is connected via an electrical switch, not shown, to an AC power source, not shown, so that it can be switched on or off independently of the power supply to the inductor.
  • Each of the two heating resistors 23 and 23 ' has a maximum output which is less than 15%, preferably less than 5%, of the maximum output of the inductor 6.
  • the combined output of these two heating resistors 23, 23 ' is sufficient to keep the melt in the liquid state for several hours, preferably several days, when the inductor is switched off.
  • the maximum power of the inductor 6 is dimensioned such that the inductor alone is able to supply the energy required for the melting remote. However, this can be increased further by switching on at least one of the heating elements 23, 23 'simultaneously with the inductor.
  • the level of the molten metal is so high that the molten metal, which is located in the two furnace chambers 5, 5 ', in the two openings 10, 10' and in the two inductor channels 8 and 9, has an electrical one that surrounds the transformer leg 11 Secondary circuit (secondary winding with one turn) forms.
  • Charging is done in such a way that the material to be melted, e.g. Aluminum, magnesium or alloys containing these metals or some of them are supplied to the furnace chamber 5 'when the cover 22' is in the position shown in broken lines in FIG.
  • molten metal flows out of the filling opening when further charging.
  • the furnace arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is expediently used together with a special holding furnace, not shown, which is known per se and whose furnace chamber volume is at least twice as large, preferably at least five times as large as the volume of the furnace chamber 5.
  • the filling opening 2 is expediently provided with a pouring spout, with the aid of which molten metal flowing out is fed to the special holding furnace mentioned.
  • furnace vessel 1 is replaced by a furnace vessel 25 that is different in size and construction.
  • This has a heat-insulating cover 26, on the underside of which a heating element in the form of an electrical heating resistor 27 is arranged.
  • the furnace vessel 25 has a furnace chamber 28 which is delimited at the top by the cover 26.
  • the furnace chamber 28 is divided by means of a vertical partition 30 into two sub-chambers 29 and 30 which are arranged next to one another and are connected to one another.
  • the only way for melt located in the partial chamber 29 to get into the partial chamber 30 is to pass an overflow edge 32 on the partition wall 30.
  • Solid aluminum is charged into the furnace chamber 5 '.
  • the figure shows a point in time when all the charged aluminum has melted and the furnace chambers 5 and 28 contain only molten metal, which means that the melt level 34 in the sub-chamber 29 is at the same level as the melt level 35 in the furnace chamber 5 '. If charging is continued, molten aluminum flows over the overflow edge 32 into the partial chamber 30, as a result of which the melt level 33 rises in this chamber.
  • the chamber 30 has a filling opening 36 located at the bottom.
  • the partial chamber 30 holds a maximum of at least twice as much, preferably at least three times as much, molten metal as the partial chamber 29.
  • the partial chamber 29 communicates with the inductor channels of the inductor 6 via an opening 31 in the wall of the Furnace vessel 25.
  • the vertical distance between the overflow rim 32 and the cover 26 is preferably less than 40% of the average height of the furnace chamber 28.
  • the inductor 6 is air-cooled by a fan which is driven by a fan motor 37.
  • the electrical heating elements 23, 23 'and 27 by heat sources of a different type, such as. B. gas burners to be replaced.
  • FIG. 6 shows an oven arrangement according to the invention for three-phase feeding.
  • the two furnace vessels 1, 1 'or the furnace chambers 5, 5' are again identical to one another and, in principle, constructed exactly as in the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, but with the difference that between the two furnace vessels 1, 1 'three inductor units are arranged.
  • an oven arrangement according to the invention can also be implemented for a two-phase supply, two inductors 6 then being arranged between the two oven vessels.
  • three inductors 6 are present in the three-phase embodiment, each of which is provided with two channels 38, 39 or 40, 41 or 42, 43 running between the chambers 5, 5 ', which channels 8 and 9 in the correspond to the embodiment described above. (See also FIG. 9).
  • Each pair of the channels mentioned serves to form the secondary winding consisting of melt for each of the inductors 6, the primary windings of which are designated 13 ', 13 "and 13"'.
  • the coils 13 ', 13 ", 13/11 are arranged on an iron core 12 (FIG. 7) and are each placed according to FIG. 3.
  • the three (or two) inductor blocks 6 are identical to one another and are pulled together by draw bolts 44. Four pull bolts 44 are generally used for this purpose. A layer 46 of ceramic felt is inserted between the inductor blocks. The inductor channels between the two chambers 5, 5 'are also shown in Figure 9 (38-44). The three assembled blocks 6 are placed on a tripod together with the transformer core 12 and the coils 13.
  • the two furnace vessels (the charging part and the drain part) 1 'and 1 are placed on one side of the inductor blocks and pulled together with the tie rods 17, 18.
  • FIG. 10 shows the possibility of building melting furnaces for aluminum, for example, with inductor blocks in the modular system and thereby obtaining furnaces with different melting capacities, but using a single size of inductor blocks 45. These blocks 45 can be arranged side by side and / or one behind the other between the two vessels 1, 1 '.
  • Figure 10 shows various power alternatives for 130, 260, 390, 520 and 780 kW.
  • the furnace arrangements described above can be varied in many ways within the scope of the general inventive concept disclosed.
  • the furnace arrangement shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 can be designed with regard to the details not shown, just like the furnace arrangement according to FIGS. 1 to 4 or the furnace arrangement according to FIG. 5.
  • the chambers 5 and 5 ' can be of the same size or different sizes, the first chamber 5 can be larger than the second chamber 5' or vice versa.
  • the size ratio can be 2: 1.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Agencement de four pour fondre du métal et pour le maintenir en température, comprenant une première carcasse de four (1) qui forme une première chambre (5) destinée à du métal fondu, et une seconde carcasse de four (1') qui forme une seconde chambre (5') destinée à du métal fondu, au moins une unité d'inducteur (6) disposée entre les deux carcasses de four (1, 1'), et constituée d'un bloc (7) en matériau céramique, d'un noyau de transformateur (12) constitué d'au moins deux colonnes et d'au moins deux culasses, et d'un enroulement primaire (13) placé sur le noyau du transformateur, le bloc (7) ayant deux surfaces de contact (surfaces de délimitation) (21) opposées qui, chacune, s'appliquent à une carcasse de four et étant muni de deux canaux (8, 9) pour du métal fondu qui s'étendent côte à côte et qui vont d'une surface de contact (21) à l'autre et débouchent sur celle-ci, et il est prévu un troisième canal (15) continu dans le bloc (7) qui passe perpendiculairement aux deux canaux (8, 9) pour le métal fondu et entre ceux-ci, et dans lequel s'étend une colonne (11) du noyau de transformateur (12).
2. Agencement de four suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première chambre (5) et/ou la seconde chambre (5') contiennent en plus une source de chaleur (23, 23') qui est disposée au-dessus du métal fondu.
3. Agencement de four suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite source de chaleur (23, 23') est une résistance électrique de chauffage disposée sur le couvercle (22, 22').
4. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux chambres de four (5, 5') communiquent hydrauliquement l'une avec l'autre par les canaux (8, 9) de l'inducteur.
5. Agencement de four suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la première carcasse de four et la seconde carcasse de four (1, 1') dans lesquelles sont disposées la première et la seconde chambre de four (5, 5') ont chacune une ouverture (10, 10') ménagée dans la paroi latérale, en ce que les chambres de four (5, 5') sont disposées de part et d'autre de l'unité d'inducteur (6) et en ce que les première et seconde chambres de four (5, 5') communiquent entre elles hydrauliquement par les ouvertures de four (10,10') et par les canaux (8, 9) de l'inducteur.
6. Agencement de four suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la première carcasse de four (1) et la seconde carcasse de four (1') sont appliquées respectivement sur un côté de l'unité de l'inducteur (6) à l'aide d'un certain nombre d'éléments qui s'étendent entre les deux carcasses de four et qui transmettent des efforts de traction.
7. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est essentiellement symétrique par rapport à un plan vertical imaginaire (IV-IV) dans lequel se trouve le milieu de l'unité d'inducteur (6) et qui coupe les canaux (8, 9) de l'inducteur perpendiculairement à leur direction longitudinale.
8. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'une au moins des carcasses de four (1, 1') a un orifice d'évacuation (2) du métal fondu, qui se trouve dans la partie supérieure d'une paroi et qui communique hydrauliquement avec la partie supérieure de la chambre du four.
9. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde chambre de four (5') est subdivisée par une cloison de séparation (30') verticale, en une petite chambre partielle (29) et en une grande chambre partielle (30), en ce que la petite chambre partielle (29) est raccordée directement aux canaux (8, 9) de l'inducteur, en ce que la grande chambre partielle (30) a, à proximité du fond de la chambre du four, un orifice d'évacuation (36) du métal fondu, et en ce que la cloison de séparation (30') a, au voisinage du couvercle (26) de la seconde chambre du four, un bord de trop-plein (32) au-dessus duquel le métal fondu peut s'écouler de la petite chambre partielle (29) dans la grande chambre partielle (30), et en ce que l'arrivée du métal fondu des canaux de l'inducteur à la grande chambre partielle (30) ne peut s'effectuer que par la petite chambre partielle (29) et par le bord de trop-plein (32).
10. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le nombre des canaux entre les deux chambres de four (5,5') est d'au moins quatre et, de préférence, d'au moins six, en ce que chaque paire (38, 39; 40, 41; 42, 43) de ces canaux est disposée de part et d'autre d'une colonne d'un noyau magnétique qui porte un enroulement primaire (13', 13", 13"'), ces enroulements primaires étant alimentés de préférence par des phases électriques différentes d'un système électrique de tension polyphasée, de préférence d'un système de tension diphasée ou triphasée.
11. Agencement de four suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les unités d'inducteur (6) sont reliées entre elles au moyen d'un certain nombre de tirants (44).
12. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les unités d'inducteur disposées entre les carcasses de four (1, 1') ont une constitution normalisée grâce à laquelle on réalise un système modulaire pour la construction d'agencements de fours ayant des capacités de fusion différentes.
13. Agencement de four suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que deux ou plusieurs unités d'inducteurs (45) d'une constitution normalisée sont disposées côte à côte et/ou l'une après l'autre entre la première et la seconde carcasse (1, 1').
14. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la source de chaleur (23, 23') peut être également branchée quand l'inducteur (6) est débranché, et en ce que la puissance maximale de la source de chaleur (23,23') est inférieure à la puissance maximale de l'unité d'inducteur (6), mais est cependant suffisamment grande pour maintenir le métal fondu à l'état fondu pendant au moins 24 heures.
15. Agencement de four suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le volume de l'une des chambres de four (5, 5') est au moins deux fois plus grand que le volume de l'autre chambre de four (5', 5).
EP83710070A 1982-10-18 1983-10-07 Agencement de four pour fondre et chauffer du métal Expired EP0106792B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83710070T ATE34833T1 (de) 1982-10-18 1983-10-07 Ofenanordnung zum schmelzen und warmhalten von metall.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8205898 1982-10-18
SE8205898A SE437726B (sv) 1982-10-18 1982-10-18 Ugnsanordning for smeltning och varmhallning av metall
SE8303419 1983-06-15
SE8303419A SE8303419L (sv) 1983-06-15 1983-06-15 Ugnsanordning for smeltning och varmhallning av metall

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0106792A2 EP0106792A2 (fr) 1984-04-25
EP0106792A3 EP0106792A3 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0106792B1 true EP0106792B1 (fr) 1988-06-01

Family

ID=26658262

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83710070A Expired EP0106792B1 (fr) 1982-10-18 1983-10-07 Agencement de four pour fondre et chauffer du métal

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4596020A (fr)
EP (1) EP0106792B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3376872D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK164376C (fr)
ES (1) ES8406707A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI76208C (fr)
NO (1) NO160272C (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4753192A (en) * 1987-01-08 1988-06-28 Btu Engineering Corporation Movable core fast cool-down furnace
US20050127580A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2005-06-16 Clark Kenneth D. Metal injection molding furnace heating element adjustment apparatus

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1328713A (en) * 1920-01-20 Xwalter r r
FR614800A (fr) * 1925-04-29 1926-12-22 Four d'induction électrique
US1647787A (en) * 1925-04-29 1927-11-01 Zubiria Jose Ricardo De Electric induction furnace
GB571304A (en) * 1942-10-21 1945-08-20 Manuel Tama Improvements in submerged resistor induction furnaces
GB611549A (en) * 1945-05-24 1948-11-01 Manuel Tama Induction furnace
US2499540A (en) * 1945-05-24 1950-03-07 Ajax Engineering Corp Method of treating metals in induction furnaces
US2540744A (en) * 1948-10-01 1951-02-06 Lindberg Eng Co Induction furnace
US2641621A (en) * 1950-02-27 1953-06-09 Albert E Greene Electric induction furnace
US2648715A (en) * 1950-06-06 1953-08-11 Lindberg Eng Co Furnace for molten metal
US2674639A (en) * 1952-03-13 1954-04-06 Lindberg Eng Co Method of and a furnace for induction melting metal
US2805271A (en) * 1955-11-14 1957-09-03 Lindberg Eng Co Multiple chamber induction furnace
US2892005A (en) * 1955-11-14 1959-06-23 Lindberg Eng Co Metal melting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI833785A0 (fi) 1983-10-17
DK470183A (da) 1984-04-19
NO160272C (no) 1989-03-29
NO833742L (no) 1984-04-24
DK164376B (da) 1992-06-15
NO160272B (no) 1988-12-19
EP0106792A3 (en) 1985-10-09
ES526477A0 (es) 1984-08-01
DK164376C (da) 1992-11-09
US4596020A (en) 1986-06-17
FI833785A (fi) 1984-04-19
ES8406707A1 (es) 1984-08-01
DK470183D0 (da) 1983-10-12
EP0106792A2 (fr) 1984-04-25
FI76208C (fi) 1988-09-09
DE3376872D1 (en) 1988-07-07
FI76208B (fi) 1988-05-31

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