EP0105175B2 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique moulé sous vide et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage électrique moulé sous vide et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0105175B2
EP0105175B2 EP83108349A EP83108349A EP0105175B2 EP 0105175 B2 EP0105175 B2 EP 0105175B2 EP 83108349 A EP83108349 A EP 83108349A EP 83108349 A EP83108349 A EP 83108349A EP 0105175 B2 EP0105175 B2 EP 0105175B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating coil
heating
ceramic
sieve
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP83108349A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0105175A1 (fr
EP0105175B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Bös
Leo Saris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanthal GmbH
Original Assignee
Kanthal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6172636&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0105175(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kanthal GmbH filed Critical Kanthal GmbH
Priority to AT83108349T priority Critical patent/ATE32157T1/de
Publication of EP0105175A1 publication Critical patent/EP0105175A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0105175B1 publication Critical patent/EP0105175B1/fr
Publication of EP0105175B2 publication Critical patent/EP0105175B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical, free-radiating resistance heating device which is vacuum-formed from ceramic fibers and according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a vacuum molding method for producing such a resistance heating device according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • heating modules The basic technique for vacuum forming electrical heating devices, also referred to here as “heating modules”, is described, for example, in US-A-35 00 444 and in a more modern form in US-A-42 78 877 (see DE-Al 28 55 382).
  • heating modules produced by these vacuum molding processes the heating coils or heating spirals are embedded in the ceramic fiber mass in such a way that the interior of the heating coils is normally filled with fiber material.
  • a heating coil 5 is placed on a sieve-like base 1, for example a perforated plate. Under the floor 1 there is a suction box, not shown, through which liquid is drawn off from a top-filled sludge 3, which consists of a slurry of ceramic fibers, binders and water, by means of the vacuum generally indicated with reference 2. The liquid portion is sucked off through the sieve-like base 1 and a layer of ceramic fibers builds up.
  • the interior 8 of the heating coil 5 is generally also filled with ceramic fibers, specifically the density in this interior 8 will correspond approximately to the density of the remaining mass of the ceramic fiber block 4, which is approximately 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the free-radiating surface area 6 of the heating coil 5 is brought to an operating temperature of 1,150 ° C., for example. so on the opposite side (the back 7) of the heating coil 5, which is largely completely embedded in the ceramic fiber mass, a considerably higher temperature will occur. As a result, it is not possible to heat the heating coil on its freely radiating surface side 6 to a maximum desired operating temperature, since the rear side 7 would then be overheated.
  • Another problem associated with the desired maximum possible application or operating temperature of such heating modules is based on the fact that the aluminum silicate fibers which are used predominantly for the fiber mass are only suitable for a maximum permissible operating temperature of 1,150 ° C. Excessive crystallization of the fiber takes place above this temperature, causing it to lose its structure and desired properties entirely. If you now heat the heating coil 5 on the free-radiating surface side 6 to a temperature of approximately 1,150 ° C., 5 temperatures of approximately 1,250 ° C. occur on the rear of the heating coil. This temperature value is then about 100 ° C above the maximum permissible operating temperature of the fiber and will lead to an excessively rapid crystallization of the fiber material.
  • the heating coil loses its hold in the overheated part of the fiber mass and will detach itself from the fiber mass more or less quickly, especially with ceiling elements in an oven space.
  • the heating coil 5 will then initially protrude more and more on the radiating side 9 of the fiber block 4 and will eventually fall out.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide heating modules of the type mentioned and a vacuum molding process for their production, by which it is achieved that the heating coil does not loosen or loosen in its anchoring in the ceramic fiber mass, in particular an aluminum silicate fiber mass when the heating coil is heated to an optimal operating temperature, such that, for example, a temperature of 1,150 ° C. occurs on the radiating side of the module.
  • a vacuum molding process for producing a heating module is the subject of claim 3.
  • the invention achieves, on the one hand, in a simple manner and without the use of plastic hoses that the interior of the heater Spiral remains more or less free of fiber material, so that the temperature difference on the heating coil between the radiating surface of the heating module and the back is significantly reduced and the heating coil can be operated at a significantly higher operating temperature overall without the risk of a gradual loosening there is anchoring within the fiber block.
  • the heating coils in vacuum forming are preferably underlaid by supporting elements, the supporting elements being narrower than the width dimensions of the heating coils in a plane parallel to the radiating surface or narrower than the diameter of the heating coils, means that the heating coils are largely in their interior remain free of fiber material, as can be seen, the openings of the sieve-like bottom in the longitudinal extension of the heating coils are partially closed during the vacuum molding process.
  • the heating coils are underlaid during the vacuum molding process by strip-like elements, hereinafter referred to as “spacer strips”, so that, for reasons explained below, the heating coils are later exposed on the radiating surface of the heating module, but overall are set back into the fiber block by the thickness of the spacer strips, so that optimum anchoring is achieved, but at the same time the interior of the heating coils remains free of fiber material.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a first embodiment: on the sieve-like base 1 (the perforated plate), for example, adhesive strips 10 are applied, which cover the perforation in the longitudinal extent of the heating spirals 5, that is to say in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. These adhesive strips 10 are attached directly under the heating spirals 5 which are subsequently placed on the perforated plate and are slightly fixed. The partial closure of the perforation does not result in a suction effect caused by the vacuum 2 at these points, so that the interior 8 of the heating spirals 5 remains largely free of ceramic fiber material.
  • FIG. 4 shows the result of the manufacturing method explained with reference to FIG. 3. Similar to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, the heating coil 5 is also flush with the radiating side 9 of the fiber block 4. The interior 8 of the heating coil 5 is now hollow, that is to say free of fiber material, so that the rear side 7 of the heating coil 5 radiates much more freely can. It is thereby achieved that the temperature difference on the heating coil between the free-radiating side 6 on the radiating surface 9 and the rear side 7 is greatly reduced, so that undesired overheating in the area of the rear side 7 of the heating spirals 5 is avoided.
  • this first principle embodiment of the invention still has the disadvantage that the heating coil 5 is now less overall connected to the ceramic fiber block 4, although the above-explained effect of recrystallization of the fibers due to partial overheating is no longer observed.
  • the heating coils 5 are only surrounded by fiber material along their outer circumference and, moreover, they are not held on the free-radiating side 6, as is also the case in the prior art according to FIG. 2.
  • the principle advantage that the crystallization of the fiber material no longer occurs a difficulty can also arise with this construction, however, in that the heating spirals fall out of the fiber block because of inadequate anchoring, especially when such heating modules are used for ceiling constructions in furnace rooms.
  • the significantly improved embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 5 and 6 is based on the idea of embedding the heating coil 5 on the one hand in the mass of the fiber block 4 in such a way that its interior 8 remains free of ceramic fibers without, on the other hand, the risk of the heating coils 5 can fall out of the fiber block 4 due to poor adhesion.
  • spacer strips 11 are attached to the sieve-like base 1 below the intended positions of the heating spirals.
  • These spacer strips 11 can, for. B. consist of metal, wood or plastic.
  • the width of these spacer strips 11 should in any case be somewhat less than the diameter or the width dimension of the heating coil 5 in a plane parallel to the radiating surface side 9 of the fiber block 4; the thickness of the spacer bars 11 should be in the range of at least 0.1 to approximately 30 mm, preferably in the range of 2 to 10 mm.
  • the silt 3 is now introduced into the frame (not shown in more detail) equipped with the sieve-like bottom 1 and the flux portion is drawn off through the sieve-like bottom 1, the fibers build up in such a way that the spacer strips 11 are enclosed, while the interior 4 of the heating coils 5 largely hollow, ie remains free of fiber deposits.
  • the free-radiating side 6 of the heating coil 5 is no longer flush with the radiating side 9 of the fiber block 4, but is set back into the fiber block 4 by the thickness of the spacer strips 11.
  • the resulting on the spacers 11 retaining webs 12 partially enclose the exposed side 6 of the heating spirals 5, but without the interior 8 is filled with fibers.
  • the desired goal was achieved, namely to keep the interior fiber-free, so that the temperature difference between the radiating side 6 and the back 7 of the heating coils 5 is significantly less than in the conventional technique in which the heating coils are completely, i.e. H. are embedded in the fiber block 4 with a fiber-filled interior 8.
  • the heating spirals 5 are held securely by the holding webs 12, so that there is no longer any danger of falling out, even if such a heating module is used as a ceiling element in an oven.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Dispositif de chauffage électrique à résistance, moulé sous vide dans des fibres de céramique, à rayonnement libre, comprenant une résistance chauffante en hélice (5) noyée directement dans une couche de fibres de céramique et ancrée dans celle-ci par des barrettes de maintien (12) entourant au moins partiellement le côté à rayonnement libre (6), sensiblement exempte de matériau fibreux en céramique dans sa cavité (8) et dont une région de surface (6) est exposée à la surface de chauffage par rayonnement (9), caractérisé en ce que
- la région de surface (6) du filament en hélice chauffant (5) qui est exposée à la surface de chauffage (9) est décalée dans sa totalité vers l'intérieur d'une distance de 2 à 30 mm par rapport à la surface extérieure (9) de la couche de fibres de céramique (4).
2. Dispositif de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre la région de surface exposée (6) du filament en hélice chauffant (5) et la surface extérieure (9) de la couche de fibres de céramique (4) est comprise entre 2 et 10 mm.
3. Procédé de moulage sous vide pour réaliser un dispositif de chauffage électrique à résistance, dans lequel une résistance chauffante en hélice (5) est disposée sur un fond (1) en forme de tamis d'un cadre au-dessus d'un caisson aspirant et une barbotine formée par une suspension de fibres de céramique, de liant et d'eau est introduite dans le cadre de manière que se constitue par aspiration une couche de fibres de céramique, qui est durcie et contient la résistance chauffante en hélice sous forme d'un élément chauffant noyé (5),
caractérisé en ce que les sections de surface du fond en forme de tamis (1) qui sont situées sous la résistance chauffante en hélice (5) sont réalisées sous forme de bandes (11) mises en place aux positions des filaments en hélice chauffants (5), avant mise en place des filaments en hélice chauffants (5) sur le fond en forme de tamis (1) dans une zone imperméable au liquides et plus étroite que la dimension du diamètre ou a dimension en largeur a plus importante du filament en hélice chauffant dans un plan parallèle et décalé vers l'intérieur par rapport à la surface rayonnante, de manière que la cavité du filament en hélice chauffant (5) reste sensiblement libre de fibres de céramique pendant l'aspiration.
4. Procédé de moulage sous vide selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les sections de surface qui sont imperméables aux liquides sont formées par des bandes (11) qui sont appliquées sur le fond (1) en forme de tamis dans les positions des filaments chauffants en hélice (5) avant la mise en place desdits filaments chauffants en hélice (5).
5. Procédé de moulage sous vide selon la revendications 3, caractérisé en ce que les sections de surface qui sont imperméables aux liquides sont formées par des bandes (11) et sont fixées, de façon à en être facilement retirées, au filament chauffant en hélice (5) sur le côté tourné vers le fond (1) en forme de tamis.
6. Procédé de moulage sous vide selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les bandes (11) sont constituées sous forme de bandes d'écartement dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 0,1 et 30 mm et de préférence entre 2 et 10 mm.
EP83108349A 1982-09-07 1983-08-24 Dispositif de chauffage électrique moulé sous vide et son procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0105175B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108349T ATE32157T1 (de) 1982-09-07 1983-08-24 Vakuumgeformte elektrische heizvorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3233181 1982-09-07
DE3233181A DE3233181C2 (de) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Aus keramischen Fasern vakuumgeformte, elektrische, freistrahlende Widerstands-Heizvorrichtung für Industrieöfen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0105175A1 EP0105175A1 (fr) 1984-04-11
EP0105175B1 EP0105175B1 (fr) 1988-01-20
EP0105175B2 true EP0105175B2 (fr) 1993-06-23

Family

ID=6172636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108349A Expired - Lifetime EP0105175B2 (fr) 1982-09-07 1983-08-24 Dispositif de chauffage électrique moulé sous vide et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4617450A (fr)
EP (1) EP0105175B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5966094A (fr)
AT (1) ATE32157T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1213635A (fr)
DE (1) DE3233181C2 (fr)
MX (1) MX153420A (fr)

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US4575619A (en) * 1984-05-08 1986-03-11 General Signal Corporation Electrical heating unit with serpentine heating element
JPS6116488A (ja) * 1984-06-30 1986-01-24 イビデン株式会社 断熱ヒ−タ−
DE3539881A1 (de) * 1985-11-11 1987-05-14 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Elektrischer strahlheizkoerper zur beheizung von heizflaechen sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
US4719336A (en) * 1986-05-30 1988-01-12 General Signal Corporation Method of making thermal insulating blocks and electrical heating units and the products thereof
US4855576A (en) * 1986-05-30 1989-08-08 General Signal Corporation Thermal insulating blocks and utilizing single blocks for electrical heating units
GB2192119A (en) * 1986-06-20 1987-12-31 Kanthal Ltd Heating devices
DE3932854A1 (de) * 1988-10-05 1990-04-12 Rudolf Wille Vorgefertigtes wandteil zur herstellung von waermekammern nach art eines tepidariums sowie ein daraus hergestelltes tepidarium
EP0424818B1 (fr) * 1989-10-24 1994-12-14 General Signal Corporation Four et unité de chauffage pour ce four
US5413032A (en) * 1994-08-18 1995-05-09 The Middleby Corporation Restaurant type griddle with modular construction and which is load sensitive
US5708251A (en) * 1995-10-30 1998-01-13 Compucraft Ltd. Method for embedding resistance heating wire in an electrofusion saddle coupler
US5847368A (en) * 1996-06-20 1998-12-08 Koyo Lindberg Limited Electric heating unit and method of producing same
KR101763963B1 (ko) * 2009-11-05 2017-08-14 윈스톤 월보즈 리미티드 난방 패널 및 그 제조 방법

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE32157T1 (de) 1988-02-15
MX153420A (es) 1986-10-07
DE3233181A1 (de) 1984-03-08
CA1213635A (fr) 1986-11-04
JPS5966094A (ja) 1984-04-14
US4617450A (en) 1986-10-14
EP0105175A1 (fr) 1984-04-11
DE3233181C2 (de) 1985-08-01
EP0105175B1 (fr) 1988-01-20

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