EP0103097B1 - Zweischaliges Mauerwerk - Google Patents

Zweischaliges Mauerwerk Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0103097B1
EP0103097B1 EP19830106752 EP83106752A EP0103097B1 EP 0103097 B1 EP0103097 B1 EP 0103097B1 EP 19830106752 EP19830106752 EP 19830106752 EP 83106752 A EP83106752 A EP 83106752A EP 0103097 B1 EP0103097 B1 EP 0103097B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier
wall according
sheets
barrier sheet
masonry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830106752
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0103097A2 (de
EP0103097A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Kfm. Dering
Hans-Peter Hahn
Klaus Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ytong AG
Original Assignee
Ytong AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ytong AG filed Critical Ytong AG
Publication of EP0103097A2 publication Critical patent/EP0103097A2/de
Publication of EP0103097A3 publication Critical patent/EP0103097A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0103097B1 publication Critical patent/EP0103097B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4178—Masonry wall ties
    • E04B1/4185—Masonry wall ties for cavity walls with both wall leaves made of masonry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to masonry with an inner shell and an outer shell arranged at a certain distance in front of the inner shell, the masonry shells being connected to one another by wire anchors and water-blocking barrier tracks sitting in the air gap between the inner shell and the outer shell, the wire anchors being in the region through the lower edge arranged cuts and each barrier sheet from the upper edge of the barrier sheet to the lower edge has an inclination towards the outer shell, and wherein the incision area of a barrier sheet overlaps the area of the upper edge of the downward blocking sheet.
  • Such masonry is known from US-A-3 426494.
  • the barrier tracks of this known masonry have incisions on both their lower edges and on their upper edges, a lower and an upper incision area of two adjacent barrier tracks overlapping and the incisions being penetrated together by a wire anchor.
  • the wire anchors have two parallel disks, one disk pressing the upper incision area of a barrier sheet against the inner shell, while the other adjacent barrier sheet is arranged with its lower incision area between the disks.
  • This training however, the assembly is very time consuming and requires a lot of skill.
  • Another disadvantage is that the barrier tracks are water-blocking, i.e. are watertight, are formed, as a result of which they prevent ventilation of the air gap between the masonry shells.
  • the masonry standard DIN 1053 differentiates between double-walled masonry with an air layer and double-walled masonry without an air layer.
  • the air layer should be at least 6 cm thick. If an additional mat-shaped or plate-shaped thermal insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the inner shell, the clear distance between the masonry shells must not exceed 12 cm.
  • Double-layer masonry with an air layer is usually arranged where special protection of the masonry against driving rain is to be achieved. This protection against driving rain must not be reduced by the arrangement of the thermal insulation layer.
  • double-layer masonry with an air layer it is assumed that moisture diffusing through from the interior can be removed through the air layer.
  • the thermal insulation layer must not result in damage due to water vapor condensation in individual layers.
  • the standard regulations therefore have the particular purpose of protecting the inner shell against moisture accumulation, because water penetrating into the air spaces of the building material deteriorates the insulation behavior considerably.
  • the inner shell should regulate the air humidity in the interior by means of temporary moisture absorption and discharge excess moisture to the outside.
  • the masonry construction has the opposite function of repelling rain, but allowing moisture to diffuse outwards in the vapor state. This function is to be guaranteed by the rear-ventilated, curtain-walled or pre-bricked weather shell (outer shell).
  • the water that has penetrated through the facing wall should drain off on the inside of this wall and be directed outwards again at the foot of the wall through the openings prescribed there.
  • eyelets are provided in the anchor or drip disks or similar elements are attached to the anchor. Nevertheless, it has been observed that the thermal insulation layer and the masonry are damp, even if the insulating material is equipped with a water-blocking layer.
  • the double-layer masonry with rear-ventilated facing shell also requires a high level of craftsmanship that can currently only rarely be guaranteed. When bricking up, lumps of mortar must not fall into the air space, where they can create moisture-conducting connections between the outer and inner shell.
  • the outer shell In the case of double-layer masonry in accordance with DIN 1053 without an air layer, the outer shell must be bricked with full joints and adhesive.
  • the shell joint between the outer and inner shell should be 2 cm thick and should be poured in layers of mortar when building up.
  • the mortar disc created by potting the shell joint must not be interrupted.
  • the inner shell of this masonry must be sufficiently heat-insulating.
  • the Mortar disc should ensure tightness against water penetrating from the outside, but still be permeable to water vapor.
  • the double-layer masonry without an air layer which requires little space due to the relatively thin mortar disc, requires even more careful manual work. The investigation of the many moisture damage occurring in the recent past has shown that there was usually a lack of due care in masonry.
  • penetrating water particularly if it is closed-cell foam plastics, could be passed unhindered on the butt joint and enter the walling there, or the penetrating water could penetrate moisture-sensitive insulation materials.
  • a particularly sensitive point for penetrating water is also the point at which the wall anchors are pushed through the insulation layer. Since the position of the wall anchors in the rear wall shell is often fixed so that they do not match the bed joint of the front wall shell, they are then additionally bent, which leads to an expansion of the penetration point. The usual drip discs are not sufficient to cover these areas. The area must rather be covered over a large area with great effort.
  • the object of the invention is to create a two-layer masonry with the smallest possible distance between the shells, which optimally fulfills the requirements of the masonry with regard to moisture and ventilation and does not require any special manual skills for its construction.
  • this is achieved in masonry of the type mentioned at the outset in that the barrier sheets are permeable to water vapor, in that with each barrier sheet only incisions are provided on the lower edge and these incisions are of equal length and go vertically upwards, the length of the incisions being dimensioned so that that the vertical distance of the base point of an incision from the upper edge is slightly smaller than the vertical distance between two horizontal rows of wire anchors, and that the barrier sheets consist of bitumen-soaked fabric sheets.
  • the double-layer masonry according to the invention has the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2.
  • the inner shell 2 should expediently consist of a good thermal insulation building material. Gas concrete blocks or gas concrete plan blocks 3 are preferably used.
  • the outer shell 1 can also consist of conventional building materials.
  • An air gap 4 is provided between the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1. The thickness of the air gap is advantageously about 2 cm.
  • the masonry shells 1 and 2 are connected to wire anchors 5 made of stainless steel.
  • the vertical distance between the wire anchors 5 should generally be 25 cm and the horizontal distance 75 cm.
  • the structure of the masonry should also comply with the other regulations of DIN 1053. For this reason, there is no need to describe the special other features of such masonry.
  • Each wire anchor 5 expediently sits at one end in a joint 6 of the inner shell 2, the joint 6 with a mortar joint 7 of the outer shell 1, in which the other end of the wire anchor is located, should lie at least in a horizontal plane; it can preferably be provided that the wire anchor 5 has a slight slope to the outer shell 1 in the gap 4.
  • a horizontally extending thin barrier sheet 8 which consists of a water-repellent but water-vapor-permeable material, sits on a row of horizontal wire anchors.
  • the invention provides that incisions 10 of the same length preferably go vertically upward from the lower edge 9 in each barrier sheet; the lateral distance between the incisions 10 corresponds preferably the lateral distance between adjacent wire anchors.
  • the barrier track can expediently also have several or numerous incisions 10 in a fringe-like manner, which are set closer (for example at a distance of 2-5 cm) than the normalized distance of the wire anchors.
  • the position of the incisions 10 is dimensioned such that the vertical distance of the base point 11 of an incision 10 from the top edge 12 of the barrier sheet is slightly smaller than the perpendicular Distance between two horizontal rows of adjacent wire anchors. It must not be less than the distance of the base points 11 from the lower edge 9 of the subsequent tracks arranged above the respective track.
  • Such prepared barrier sheets are placed according to the invention on a row of wire anchors so that the wire anchors 5 pass through the incisions 10 and the base points 11 of the incisions 10 rest on the wire anchors, each barrier sheet 8 having an inclination to the outer shell from the upper edge 12 to the lower edge 9 (slope ).
  • This arrangement ensures that the barrier tracks 8 are positioned in a shingle-like manner with respect to one another, the incision area 13 of a barrier track engaging over the area of the upper edge 12 of the barrier track following downwards. In this way, the entire wall is completely covered and protected against water coming from outside.
  • the vertical joints 14 of the inner shell 2 can be covered by providing a lateral protrusion 15 in the lateral end region of a barrier sheet next to the last wire anchor 5 for this sheet (FIG. 2).
  • Barrier sheets suitable for the purposes of the invention should be fabric sheets impregnated with bitumen; Sheets of bitumen felt or bitumen cork felt known per se are outstandingly suitable. Such sheets are used as insulation materials for sound and heat insulation. They are made from long-fiber, organic materials such as hemp, jute, coconut and wood fibers and mixed together to form an elastic fleece. The subsequent impregnation with bitumen creates a supple and very resistant insulation mat. Bitumen cork felt also contains expanded cork shot. This makes the mat structure looser and more elastic.
  • bituminized glass fiber felt mats are very suitable.
  • Bituminized cardboard especially ribbed cardboard, can also be used.
  • the material of the fabric in particular the bitumen, nestles or flows plastically in the incision area (13) around a wire anchor in such a way that the contact point is at least water-repellent, preferably "watertight".
  • Products impregnated with bitumen ensure such a "watertight" condition of the contact point, which is why the selection of these substances surprisingly leads to an optimal water barrier without additional measures such as drip disks, drip noses or the like being required on the anchor.
  • the thickness of a barrier sheet is preferably about 2 to 8 mm.
  • the shingle-like arrangement of the sheets advantageously ensures that air spaces (not shown in detail) remain free in the air gap 4, which to a certain extent ensure air layer functions, in particular rear ventilation, in addition to the barrier action of the barrier sheets, so that in the air gap 4, which should preferably be about 2 cm thick, provides excellent protection of the inner shell against water penetrating from the outside.
  • Fig. 1 the air gap 4 is drawn disproportionately thick, so that the invention can be better illustrated.
  • the webs 8 can be guided from the inner shell 2 to the outer shell 1 in such a way that each web touches both shells without the function of the shell joint being impaired.
  • Water penetrating through the outer shell to the barrier membrane runs off the barrier membrane and, due to the shingle-like arrangement of the membrane, runs to the base of the masonry, from where it is derived in a manner known per se.
  • the anchors no longer form a weak point with respect to the water pipe, because the bitumen in the barrier membrane provides an effective seal. Moisturization of the inner shell is completely prevented.
  • the invention can also be used in cases in which additional insulation with an air layer is provided by arranging the barrier sheets according to the invention in front of the insulation. If necessary. the barrier sheet arrangement according to the invention can also be provided in front of a core insulation without an air layer.
  • the barrier sheets used according to the invention ensure excellent water vapor diffusion, so that the shell joint also meets the requirements in this respect.
  • the material is waterproof.
  • the construction of the masonry according to the invention causes only relatively low construction costs in terms of work and materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP19830106752 1982-08-14 1983-07-09 Zweischaliges Mauerwerk Expired EP0103097B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823230311 DE3230311A1 (de) 1982-08-14 1982-08-14 Zweischaliges mauerwerk
DE3230311 1982-08-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0103097A2 EP0103097A2 (de) 1984-03-21
EP0103097A3 EP0103097A3 (en) 1985-01-16
EP0103097B1 true EP0103097B1 (de) 1987-07-01

Family

ID=6170899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830106752 Expired EP0103097B1 (de) 1982-08-14 1983-07-09 Zweischaliges Mauerwerk

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0103097B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3230311A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7524555B2 (en) 1999-11-19 2009-04-28 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Pre-finished and durable building material
US7713615B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2010-05-11 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Reinforced fiber cement article and methods of making and installing the same
US7993570B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2011-08-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Durable medium-density fibre cement composite
US7998571B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-08-16 James Hardie Technology Limited Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same
US8281535B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US8297018B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-30 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement products
US8993462B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2015-03-31 James Hardie Technology Limited Surface sealed reinforced building element

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5791107A (en) * 1992-04-03 1998-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Building with a sealing element
DE4211293A1 (de) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-07 Siemens Ag Gebäude

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426494A (en) * 1967-08-15 1969-02-11 Alfred A Hala Wall-tie assembly for use in the construction of waterproof walls
DE2806988C2 (de) * 1978-02-18 1983-03-17 Recozell-Leichtbauelemente GmbH, 4724 Wadersloh Luftschichtdämmlage

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7524555B2 (en) 1999-11-19 2009-04-28 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Pre-finished and durable building material
US7713615B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2010-05-11 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Reinforced fiber cement article and methods of making and installing the same
US8281535B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US8297018B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-30 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement products
US7993570B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2011-08-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Durable medium-density fibre cement composite
US7998571B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-08-16 James Hardie Technology Limited Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same
US8993462B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2015-03-31 James Hardie Technology Limited Surface sealed reinforced building element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3230311C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-01-21
EP0103097A2 (de) 1984-03-21
EP0103097A3 (en) 1985-01-16
DE3230311A1 (de) 1984-02-16

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