EP0080408A1 - Shingle making machine - Google Patents

Shingle making machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080408A1
EP0080408A1 EP82402097A EP82402097A EP0080408A1 EP 0080408 A1 EP0080408 A1 EP 0080408A1 EP 82402097 A EP82402097 A EP 82402097A EP 82402097 A EP82402097 A EP 82402097A EP 0080408 A1 EP0080408 A1 EP 0080408A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
plane
facet
cutting edge
support
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Granted
Application number
EP82402097A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0080408B1 (en
Inventor
Antony Claux
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT82402097T priority Critical patent/ATE22034T1/en
Publication of EP0080408A1 publication Critical patent/EP0080408A1/en
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Publication of EP0080408B1 publication Critical patent/EP0080408B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/02—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of roofing elements, e.g. shingles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine for making shingles from pieces of wood such as logs.
  • the shingles are strips of wood intended to cover, like scales, the roofs or walls of dwellings; this covering method is very old and very effective, both from the point of view of the seal it provides, and from the point of view of thermal insulation, as from the point of view of its longevity; it is recalled, however, that the excellent characteristics mentioned above of this material are only obtained if the fibers of the wood constituting the shingle are directed in the direction of the slope.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a machine automatically reproducing the old process and making it possible to obtain shingles of identical quality with, however, a considerable reduction in cost compared to the manual process.
  • a device for splitting pieces of wood with a view to forming shingles, by means of an alternately mechanically moved blade is characterized in the most general way in that said blade is pivotally mounted on a support, around an axis close to its cutting edge and substantially parallel thereto; this pivoting assembly of the blade seems to be at the origin of the proper functioning of the machine, or device, of the invention; indeed during previous tests, a blade mounted fixed on a translatable carriage led to untimely bursts of the piece of wood to be cut.
  • said blade has a substantially flattened rectangular parallelepiped shape, its cutting edge being in the form of a dihedral situated along one of the long sides of the rectangle; preferably the edge of the dihedral constituting the cutting edge is situated approximately between the median plane of the thickness of the blade and the plane of one of the faces thereof; preferably also the bisector plane of the dihedron forms with the median plane an angle such that one of the facets of the dihedron has a width significantly greater than that of the other facet.
  • the axis of articulation of the blade is, more precisely, coincident, or very close, with the line of intersection of the plane of the facet of smaller width with the plane of the face of the blade adjacent to this facet.
  • the pivoting of the blade is limited by two adjustable abutment positions, and the blade is biased lightly in the direction of the so-called first position of abutment situated on the side of the facet of greater width.
  • the blade is articulated at each of its ends on said support and the support is itself driven by an alternating rectilinear translational movement of direction substantially perpendicular to the cutting edge of the blade; care will be taken that the means for adjusting the first stop position make it possible to adjust this position so that the facet of smaller width is parallel to the plane of translation of the blade support.
  • a device of the invention further comprises a member for gripping pieces of wood to be split, said member essentially consisting of a pair of jaws intended to bite into the opposite edges of the piece and to present that -this end facing the blade, the direction of the wood fibers being generally parallel to the plane of translation of the blade.
  • the translation plane is a horizontal plane
  • the gripping member is located above the translation plane
  • the facet of smaller width being located above the widest facet
  • the slight stress of the blade is a downward stress resulting from its own weight.
  • both the stressing force of the blade, or its weight in the aforementioned particular case, the respective width of the facets of the cutting edge, the thickness of the blade, as well as its width must be defined by tests following the characteristics of the wood used, namely the species, age, dryness, etc.
  • the blade 1 is cut from a rectangular plate, or a flattened parallelepiped, made of a suitable steel; the edge of the blade consists of the edge of a dihedral formed by upper 5 and lower 6 facets; facet 5 has a width 1 - significantly less than the width L of facet 6; the cutting edge 4 or edge of the dihedral of the facets is situated slightly above the median plane 7 of the blade; the dihedral bisecting plane, materialized by the bisector 8, is inclined on the median plane 7 so as to give the facets the abovementioned disproportion.
  • the blade by means of its support, is driven in an alternating movement of translation back and forth represented by the arrows 10; this movement takes place in a plane, called the plane of carriage, perpendicular to the cutting edge 4 of the blade; such a plan is materialized by the dashed lines 11; there is also shown in fig.l a piece of wood 9 in the form of a log kept in a fixed position by means of jaws such as 12 being taken at each of its ends, the log is positioned so that its underside 13 is located at a distance h below the planing plane; the plan of work determines on the edge of the log the line of impact of the edge of the blade and the distance h will, after splitting, the thickness of the wooden slat constituting the draft of a shingle.
  • the blade Thanks to its pivoting mobility, the blade will be able to follow the fibers of the wood which are generally parallel to the plane of translation, or of turning, of the blade.
  • This pivoting nature of the blade appears to be one of the causes of the proper functioning of the device of the invention; however, an additional condition is required, namely: that the axis of articulation 3 of the blade on its support must be as close as possible to the line 14 of intersection of the plane of the facet 5 and the upper face 15 of the blade ; in the case of the figure, the axis is optimally coincident with line 14.
  • the blade 1 is pivotally held between two stop positions, respectively, a first lower stop 16 and upper stop position 17; these stop positions are adjustable using means which will be described later; the stop 16 is adjusted so that the upper facet 5 of the cutting edge is substantially parallel to the turning plane which is in the case of the figure a horizontal plane; in this particular case, the weight overhang of the blade relative to its pivot axis will be used to serve as a permanent stress on the blade towards its lower stop position.
  • the plane of the upper facet 5 of the cutting edge will be approximately parallel to the fibers of the wood of the log 9.
  • a machine is shown in elevation and in plan respectively. the operating principles described with the previous figures.
  • Such a machine essentially consists of a chassis 20 supporting members 21 for positioning and holding logs such as 9, drive members 22 of a blade-holder carriage 23 which can move back and forth in upper side members 24 of the chassis, of a pair of connecting rods 25 connecting large wheels 26 to the carriage 23 by means of a transverse bar 27, a conveyor belt 28, - slats of split wood and a hopper receiving 29 slats;
  • the means for positioning and holding the logs are constituted by a mast 30 along which can move under the action of a jack 31, a vice 32 for clamping logs by a pair of opposing jaws such as 12 under the action of a jack 34 .
  • the vertical displacement of the vice 32 takes place step by step according to a pneumatic alogical control, the height of a step corresponding to the thickness h of a slat.
  • Means for automatically supplying jaw logs can be provided.
  • the blade holder carriage is shown in more detail.
  • it is mainly formed of a pair of flanges 30 and 31 secured to the crossbar 27 at the end of which the connecting rods 25 are articulated.
  • the outer faces of the flanges are provided with a double train of rollers 32 intended to guide the rolling of the carriage on rails 33 fixed inside the upper side members 24 of the chassis; centering rollers 34 mounted on the flanges center the carriage between the rails.
  • the blade 1 is supported by the flanges of the carriage, (similar to the elements 2 ′ and 2 ′′ in fig.l) by means of a pair of supports 36 each comprising a groove 37 in which the blade is engaged at its ends; each support 36 is articulated by means of a ring 38 (or a ball bearing) on the flange which supports it; each support further comprises at the rear of the groove 37 an adjustment screw 39 making it possible to adjust the position of the blade in the groove so that the line 14 (fig. 1, edge of the upper facet) coincides with the axis of articulation of the support on the flange; such an adjustment is necessary to compensate for the loss of blade width after resharpening.
  • the abovementioned upper and lower stop positions are determined by means of a filmed rod 40 secured to a flange; the ends of the rod 40 are provided with rubber end caps such as 41; as shown in fig.5, the blade 1 is in the lower stop position; if under the effect of the impact against the log for example, the blade 1 were to pivot upwards, an extension arm 42 secured to the support 36 would come into abutment against the end piece 41 and the blade would then be in the position of so-called upper stop.
  • Fig.7 there is shown a device similar to that of the preceding figures in which the blade works in a vertical planing plane.
  • the different organs of this machine have been assigned the reference numbers assigned to analogous organs of the machine in the preceding figures; we note that in this configuration case the connecting rods 25 'push the arm 27' towards the log 9 'instead of pulling it as in the previous case. It will also be noted that, failing gravity, the blade is biased into the lower stop position by a small spring not shown in the figures.
  • the means for moving the carriage instead of being mechanical means by connecting rods, could be hydraulic or pneumatic means and that the means for holding and advancing the logs could be mechanical means, for example by screw; more generally, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described or shown above but that its scope is defined by its general characteristics as they have been stated above.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. Device for splitting pieces of wood (9) in order to form laths by means of a blade (1) which is mounted on a support (2) and moved mechanically in a reciprocating manner, the said blade being also pivotable about an axis (3) which is adjacent to the cutting edge and substantially parallel to the latter, characterised in that the said blade (1), which is mounted pivotably on the support about the axis adjacent to and substantially parallel to its cutting edge, has an axis of articulation (3) which merges with the line of intersection between the plane of the flat surface (5) having the smaller width and that plane (15) of the blade face which is adjacent to this flat surface, in that the said blade has a substantially parallelepipedic rectangular flattenend form, its cutting edge being in the form of a dihedron situated along one of the long sides of the rectangle, in that the bisecting plane of the dihedron forming the cutting edge combines with the centre plane (7) to form such an angle that one of the flat surfaces (6) of the dihedron has a width distinctly greater than that of the other flat surface (5).

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une machine destinée à fabriquer des bardeaux à partir de pièces de bois telles que rondins.The present invention relates to a machine for making shingles from pieces of wood such as logs.

On rappelle que les bardeaux sont des lamelles de bois destinées à recouvrir à la manière d'écailles les toitures ou les murs d'habitations; ce mode de recouvrement est très ancien et très efficace, tant du point de vue de l'étanchéité qu'il procure, que du point de vue de l'isolation thermique, que du point de vue de sa longévité ; on rappelle toutefois que les excellentes caractéristiques sus-mentionnées de ce matériau ne sont obtenues que si les fibres du bois constituant le bardeau sont dirigées dans le sens de la pente.It is recalled that the shingles are strips of wood intended to cover, like scales, the roofs or walls of dwellings; this covering method is very old and very effective, both from the point of view of the seal it provides, and from the point of view of thermal insulation, as from the point of view of its longevity; it is recalled, however, that the excellent characteristics mentioned above of this material are only obtained if the fibers of the wood constituting the shingle are directed in the direction of the slope.

Ainsi, la plus ancienne façon connue de fabriquer des bardeaux consistait à découper à la hâche des lamelles,ou lattes dans un rondin ; de cette façon, les fibres du bois n'étaient pratiquemment pas interrompues tout le long de la lamelle ; en cas de gauchissement de la lamelle, on pouvait cependant dégauchir celle-ci à la hâche sans trop de préjudice pour la qualité du bardeau.Thus, the oldest known way of making shingles consisted of cutting slats or slats from an ax with a log; in this way, the wood fibers were practically not interrupted all along the lamella; in the event of warping of the strip, one could however plan it with the ax without too much prejudice for the quality of the shingle.

On a proposé plus récemment de fabriquer les bardeaux à partir de planchettes obtenues par sciage puis par rabottage. Ce mode de fabrication procurait des bardeaux de dimensionstrès rigoureuses et d'aspect flatteur lorsqu'ils étaient neufs ; on s'aperçoit, à l'expérience, que des bardeaux ainsi fabriqués se déteriorent assez rapidement 1 cette détérioration rapide semblant être due au fait que les fibres du bois ont été coupées, permettant ainsi le cheminement de l'eau dans les faisceaux de fibres.More recently, it has been proposed to manufacture shingles from boards obtained by sawing and then planing. This manufacturing method provided shingles of very strict dimensions and flattering appearance when they were new; experience shows that shingles made in this way deteriorate fairly quickly 1 this rapid deterioration seems to be due to the fact that the wood fibers have been cut, thus allowing the water to flow through the fiber bundles .

On connait encore des dispositifs destinés à fendre les bûches destinées en général au chauffage, dans lesquels une lame en forme de hâche ou en forme de coin est mue mécaniquement de façon alternative à une vitesse relativement peu élevée autorisant le positionnement manuel de la bûche au-dessous de la lame ; appliqué à la fabrication des bardeaux, ce dispositif ne présente par rapport au procédé manuel de fabrication que l'avantage d'une économie de fatigue, le coût de production restant tout aussi prohibitif que celui du procédé entièrement manuel.There are also known devices intended for splitting logs intended for heating in general, in which an ax-shaped or wedge-shaped blade is moved mechanically alternately at a relatively low speed allowing manual positioning of the log at- underside of the blade; applied to the manufacture of shingles, this device only has the advantage over the manual manufacturing process of saving fatigue, the production cost remaining just as prohibitive as that of the entirely manual process.

La présente invention se donne pour but de proposer une machine reproduisant de façon automatique le procédé ancien et permettant l'obtention de bardeaux d'une qualité identique avec cependant un abaissement considérable du coût par rapport au procédé manuel.The object of the present invention is to propose a machine automatically reproducing the old process and making it possible to obtain shingles of identical quality with, however, a considerable reduction in cost compared to the manual process.

Selon la présente invention, un dispositif destiné au fendage de pièces de bois en vue de former des bardeaux, au moyen d'une lame mue mécaniquement de façon alternative est caractérisé de la manière la plus général en ce que ladite lame est montée pivotante sur un support, autour d'un axe voisin de son tranchant et sensiblement parallèle à celui-ci ; ce montage pivotant de la lame semble être à l'origine du bon fonctionnement de la machine, ou dispositif, de l'invention ; en effet au cours d'essais antérieurs, une lame montée fixe sur un chariot translatable conduisait à des éclatements intempestifs de la pièce de bois à débiter.According to the present invention, a device for splitting pieces of wood with a view to forming shingles, by means of an alternately mechanically moved blade, is characterized in the most general way in that said blade is pivotally mounted on a support, around an axis close to its cutting edge and substantially parallel thereto; this pivoting assembly of the blade seems to be at the origin of the proper functioning of the machine, or device, of the invention; indeed during previous tests, a blade mounted fixed on a translatable carriage led to untimely bursts of the piece of wood to be cut.

De préférence ladite lame a une forme sensiblement parallélépipèdiqué rectangulaire aplatie, son tranchant étant en forme de dièdre situé le long d'un de grands côtés du rectangle ; de préférence l'arête du dièdre constituant le tranchant est située approximativement entre le plan médian de l'épaisseur de la lame et le plan d'une des faces de celle-ci ; de préférence aussi le plan bissecteur du dièdre forme avec le plan médian un angle tel que l'une des facettes du dièdre ait une largeur nettement supérieure à celle de l'autre facette.Preferably said blade has a substantially flattened rectangular parallelepiped shape, its cutting edge being in the form of a dihedral situated along one of the long sides of the rectangle; preferably the edge of the dihedral constituting the cutting edge is situated approximately between the median plane of the thickness of the blade and the plane of one of the faces thereof; preferably also the bisector plane of the dihedron forms with the median plane an angle such that one of the facets of the dihedron has a width significantly greater than that of the other facet.

Suivant une caractéristique très importante de la présente invention l'axe d'articulation de la lame est, de façon plus précise, confondue, ou très voisine, avec la ligné d'intersection du plan de la facette de plus petite largeur avec le plan de la face de la lame adjacente à cette facette.According to a very important characteristic of the present invention the axis of articulation of the blade is, more precisely, coincident, or very close, with the line of intersection of the plane of the facet of smaller width with the plane of the face of the blade adjacent to this facet.

De préférence encore le pivotement de la lame est limité par deux positions réglables de butée, et la lame est sollicitée de façon légère en direction de la position, dite première, de butée située du côté de la facette de plus grande largeur.More preferably, the pivoting of the blade is limited by two adjustable abutment positions, and the blade is biased lightly in the direction of the so-called first position of abutment situated on the side of the facet of greater width.

De préférence encore la lame est articulée à chacune de ses extrémités sur ledit support et le support est lui-même animé d'un mouvement de translation rectiligne alternatif de direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au tranchant de la lame ; on veillera à ce que les moyens de réglage de la première position de butée permettent de régler cette position de façon telle que la facette de plus petite largeur soit parallèle au plan de translation du support de lame.More preferably, the blade is articulated at each of its ends on said support and the support is itself driven by an alternating rectilinear translational movement of direction substantially perpendicular to the cutting edge of the blade; care will be taken that the means for adjusting the first stop position make it possible to adjust this position so that the facet of smaller width is parallel to the plane of translation of the blade support.

De façon avantageuse un di.sposi- tif de l'invention comporte en outre un organe préhenseur des pièces de bois à fendre, ledit organe étant essentiellement constitué par un couple de mâchoires destinées à mordre dans les tranches opposées de la pièce et à présenter celle-ci en bout face à la lame, le sens des fibres du bois étant globalement parallèle au plan de translation de la lame.Advantageously, a device of the invention further comprises a member for gripping pieces of wood to be split, said member essentially consisting of a pair of jaws intended to bite into the opposite edges of the piece and to present that -this end facing the blade, the direction of the wood fibers being generally parallel to the plane of translation of the blade.

Suivant une forme particulière de réalisation d'un dispositif de l'invention tel que ci-dessus décrit, le plan de translation est un plan horizontal, l'organe préhenseur est situé au-dessus du plan de translation, la facette de plus petite largeur étant située au-dessus de la facette de plus grande largeur, la légère sollicitation de la lame est une sollicitation vers le bas résultant de son propre poids.According to a particular embodiment of a device of the invention as described above, the translation plane is a horizontal plane, the gripping member is located above the translation plane, the facet of smaller width being located above the widest facet, the slight stress of the blade is a downward stress resulting from its own weight.

On notera qu'aussi bien la force de sollicitation de la lame, ou son poids dans le cas particulier précité, la largeur respective des facettes du tranchant, l'épaisseur de la lame, aussi bien que sa largeur doivent être définis par des essais suivant les caractéristiques du bois utilisé, à savoir l'essence, l'âge, la siccité, etc...It will be noted that both the stressing force of the blade, or its weight in the aforementioned particular case, the respective width of the facets of the cutting edge, the thickness of the blade, as well as its width must be defined by tests following the characteristics of the wood used, namely the species, age, dryness, etc.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise et des détails en relevant apparaîtront à la description qui va être faite en relation avec les figures des planches annexées, d'un exemple schématique et de forme particulière de réalisation, planches annexées dans lesquelles :

  • - la fig.l est une illustration schématique en perspective des organes essentiels d'un dispositif de l'invention,
  • - la fig.2 est une coupe schématique en élévation d'une forme particulière de réalisation de la machine de l'invention,
  • - la fig.3 est une vue de dessus de la même,
  • - la fig.4 est une vue en perspective d'un chariot support de lame de la machine des figures précédentes,
  • - la fig.5 est une coupe partielle en élévation de celui-ci,
  • - la fig.6 est une vue en plan partiel du même, et
  • - la fig.7 est une coupe schématique en élévation d'une seconde forme de réalisation, cette vue étant analogue à celle de la fig.2.
The present invention will be better understood and details will be apparent from the description which will be given in relation to the figures of the appended boards, of a schematic example and of a particular embodiment, appended boards in which:
  • - Fig.l is a schematic perspective illustration of the essential organs of a device of the invention,
  • - Fig.2 is a schematic sectional elevation of a particular embodiment of the machine of the invention,
  • - fig.3 is a top view of the same,
  • - Fig.4 is a perspective view of a blade support carriage of the machine of the previous figures,
  • - Fig.5 is a partial sectional elevation thereof,
  • - fig.6 is a partial plan view of the same, and
  • - Fig.7 is a schematic sectional elevation of a second embodiment, this view being similar to that of Fig.2.

Sur la fig.l, on a représenté une lame 1 de forme sensiblement rectangulaire allongée, coupée vers la moitié de sa longueur pour mettre en évidence son profil ; la lame 1 est articulée à chacune de ses extrémités sur un support 2 dont sont seulement visibles des parties 2', et 2" voisines de l'axe 3 d'articulation de la lame ; l'axe d'articulation 3 est voisin au tranchant 4 de la lame et parallèle à celui-ci ; l'articulation de la lame, dont on décrira plus loin les détails, permet à la lame de pivoter autour de l'axe 3.In fig.l, there is shown a blade 1 of substantially rectangular elongated shape, cut about half its length to highlight its profile; the blade 1 is articulated at each of its ends on a support 2 of which only parts 2 ′ and 2 "are visible, which are close to the axis 3 of articulation of the blade; the axis of articulation 3 is close to the cutting edge 4 of the blade and parallel to it; the articulation of the blade, the details of which will be described below, allows the blade to pivot around axis 3.

La lame 1 est taillée dans une plaque rectangulaire, ou encore parallélépipède aplati, constituée d'un acier approprié ; le tranchant de la lame est constitué par l'arête d'un dièdre formé par des facettes supérieure 5 et inférieure 6 ; la facette 5 a une largeur 1 - nettement inférieure à la largeur L de la facette 6 ; le tranchant 4 ou arête du dièdre des facettes est situé légèrement au-dessus du plan médian 7 de la lame ; le plan bïssec- teur du dièdre, matérialisé par la bissectrice 8, est incliné sur le plan médian 7 de façon à donner aux facettes la disproportion précitée.The blade 1 is cut from a rectangular plate, or a flattened parallelepiped, made of a suitable steel; the edge of the blade consists of the edge of a dihedral formed by upper 5 and lower 6 facets; facet 5 has a width 1 - significantly less than the width L of facet 6; the cutting edge 4 or edge of the dihedral of the facets is situated slightly above the median plane 7 of the blade; the dihedral bisecting plane, materialized by the bisector 8, is inclined on the median plane 7 so as to give the facets the abovementioned disproportion.

La lame, par l'intermédiaire de son support, est entraînée dans un mouvement alterné de translation en va et vient figuré par les flèches 10 ; ce mouvement s'effectue dans un plan, dit plan de chariotage, perpendiculaire au tranchant 4 de la lame ; un tel plan est matérialisé par les traits mixtes 11 ; on a représenté également sur la fig.l une pièce de bois 9 en forme de bûche maintenue en position fixe à l'aide de mâchoires telles que 12 faisant prises à chacune de ses extrémités, la bûche est positionnée de telle sorte que sa face inférieure 13 soit située à une distance h au-dessous du plan de chariotage ; le plan de chariotage détermine sur la tranche de la bûche la ligne d'impact du tranchant de la lame et la distance h sera, après fendage, l'épaisseur de la latte de bois constituant l'ébauche d'un bardeau.The blade, by means of its support, is driven in an alternating movement of translation back and forth represented by the arrows 10; this movement takes place in a plane, called the plane of carriage, perpendicular to the cutting edge 4 of the blade; such a plan is materialized by the dashed lines 11; there is also shown in fig.l a piece of wood 9 in the form of a log kept in a fixed position by means of jaws such as 12 being taken at each of its ends, the log is positioned so that its underside 13 is located at a distance h below the planing plane; the plan of work determines on the edge of the log the line of impact of the edge of the blade and the distance h will, after splitting, the thickness of the wooden slat constituting the draft of a shingle.

Grâce à sa mobilité en pivotement la lame pourra suivre les fibres du bois qui sont globalement parallèles au plan de translation, ou de chariotage, de la lame. Ce caractère pivotant de la lame apparait être l'une des causes du bon fonctionnement du dispositif de l'invention ; toutefois une condition supplémentaire est requise, à savoir : que l'axe d'articulation 3 de la lame sur son support doit être aussi proche que possible de la ligne 14 d'intersection du plan de la facette 5 et de la face supérieure 15 de la lame ; dans le cas de la figure, l'axe est de façon optimale confondu avec la ligne 14.Thanks to its pivoting mobility, the blade will be able to follow the fibers of the wood which are generally parallel to the plane of translation, or of turning, of the blade. This pivoting nature of the blade appears to be one of the causes of the proper functioning of the device of the invention; however, an additional condition is required, namely: that the axis of articulation 3 of the blade on its support must be as close as possible to the line 14 of intersection of the plane of the facet 5 and the upper face 15 of the blade ; in the case of the figure, the axis is optimally coincident with line 14.

La lame 1 est maintenue en pivotement entre deux positions de butée, respectivement, une première position de butée inférieure 16 et supérieure 17 ; ces positions de butée sont réglables à'l'aide de moyens qui seront décrits plus loin ; la butée 16 est réglée de telle sorte que la facette supérieure 5 du tranchant soit sensiblement parallèle au plan de chariotage qui est dans le cas de la figure un plan horizontal ; dans ce cas particulier, on utilisera le poids en porte-à-faux de la lame par rapport à son axe de pivotement pour servir de sollicitation permanente de la lame vers sa position de butée inférieure. Ainsi avant l'impact du tranchant sur la bûche, le plan de la facette supérieure 5 du tranchant sera approximativement parallèle aux fibres du bois de la bûche 9.The blade 1 is pivotally held between two stop positions, respectively, a first lower stop 16 and upper stop position 17; these stop positions are adjustable using means which will be described later; the stop 16 is adjusted so that the upper facet 5 of the cutting edge is substantially parallel to the turning plane which is in the case of the figure a horizontal plane; in this particular case, the weight overhang of the blade relative to its pivot axis will be used to serve as a permanent stress on the blade towards its lower stop position. Thus before the impact of the cutting edge on the log, the plane of the upper facet 5 of the cutting edge will be approximately parallel to the fibers of the wood of the log 9.

Sur les fig.2 et 3, on représenté respectivement en élévation et en plan une machine mettant en les principes de fonctionnement décrits avec les figures précédentes. Une telle machine se compose essentiellement d'un châssis 20 supportant des organes 21 de positionnement et de maintien des bûches telles que 9, des organes d'entraînement 22 d'un chariot porte-lame 23 pouvant circuler en va-et-vient dans des longerons supérieurs 24 du châssis, d'un couple de bielles 25 reliant des grandes roues 26 au chariot 23 par l'intérmédiare d'une barre transversale 27, d'un tapis transporteur 28,- des lattes de bois fendu et d'une trémie de réception 29 des lattes ; les moyens de positionnement et de maintien des bûches sont constitués par un mât 30 le long duquel peut se déplacer sous l'action d'un verin 31, un étau 32 de serrage de bûches par un couple de mâchoires antagonistes tel que 12 sous l'action d'un verin 34.; le déplacement-vertical de l'étau 32 a lieu pas à pas suivant une commande alogique pneumatique , la hauteur d'un pas correspondant à l'épaisseur h d'une latte. Des moyens d'approvisionnement automatiques en bûches des mâchoires peuvent être prévus..Les organes d'entraînement 22 sont constitués essentiellement d'un moteur 40 de poulies démultiplicatrices 41, 42, de grandes roues 26 et de poulies 43 d'entraînement du tapis.In Figs. 2 and 3, a machine is shown in elevation and in plan respectively. the operating principles described with the previous figures. Such a machine essentially consists of a chassis 20 supporting members 21 for positioning and holding logs such as 9, drive members 22 of a blade-holder carriage 23 which can move back and forth in upper side members 24 of the chassis, of a pair of connecting rods 25 connecting large wheels 26 to the carriage 23 by means of a transverse bar 27, a conveyor belt 28, - slats of split wood and a hopper receiving 29 slats; the means for positioning and holding the logs are constituted by a mast 30 along which can move under the action of a jack 31, a vice 32 for clamping logs by a pair of opposing jaws such as 12 under the action of a jack 34 .; the vertical displacement of the vice 32 takes place step by step according to a pneumatic alogical control, the height of a step corresponding to the thickness h of a slat. Means for automatically supplying jaw logs can be provided. The drive members 22 essentially consist of a motor 40 of reduction pulleys 41, 42, large wheels 26 and pulleys 43 for driving the belt.

Sur les fig.4, 5 et 6, on a représenté avec plus de détails le chariot porte-lame. On y remarque tout d'abord qu'il est principalement formé d'un couple de flasques 30 et 31 solidaires de la barre transversale 27 à l'extrémité de laquelle sont articulées les bielles 25. Les faces extérieures des flasques sont pourvues d'un double train de galets 32 destiné à guider le roulement du chariot sur des rails 33 fixés à l'intérieur des longerons supérieurs 24 du châssis ; des galets de centrage 34 montés sur les flasques réalisent le centrage du chariot entre les rails.In Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the blade holder carriage is shown in more detail. First of all, it is noted that it is mainly formed of a pair of flanges 30 and 31 secured to the crossbar 27 at the end of which the connecting rods 25 are articulated. The outer faces of the flanges are provided with a double train of rollers 32 intended to guide the rolling of the carriage on rails 33 fixed inside the upper side members 24 of the chassis; centering rollers 34 mounted on the flanges center the carriage between the rails.

La lame 1 est supportée par les flasques du chariot, (analogues aux éléments 2' et 2" de la fig.l) par l'intermédiaire d'un couple de supports 36 comportant chacun une rainure 37 dans laquelle est engagée la lame à ses extrémités; chaque support 36 est articulé par l'intermédiaire d'une bague 38 (ou d'un roulement à bille) sur le flasque qui le supporte ; chaque support comporte en outre à l'arrière de la rainure 37 une vis de réglage 39 permettant d'ajuster la position de la lame dans la rainure de telle sorte que la ligne 14 (fig.1, bord de la facette supérieure) coïncide avec l'axe d'articulation du support sur le flasque ; un tel réglage est nécessaire pour compenser la perte de largeur de la lame après réaffûtage.The blade 1 is supported by the flanges of the carriage, (similar to the elements 2 ′ and 2 ″ in fig.l) by means of a pair of supports 36 each comprising a groove 37 in which the blade is engaged at its ends; each support 36 is articulated by means of a ring 38 (or a ball bearing) on the flange which supports it; each support further comprises at the rear of the groove 37 an adjustment screw 39 making it possible to adjust the position of the blade in the groove so that the line 14 (fig. 1, edge of the upper facet) coincides with the axis of articulation of the support on the flange; such an adjustment is necessary to compensate for the loss of blade width after resharpening.

Sur la fig.5 plus particulièrement, on remarque que les positions de butée supérieure et inférieure précitées sont déterminées au moyen d'une tige filmée 40 solidaire d'un flasque ; les extrémités de la tige 40 sont pourvues d'embouts en caoutchouc tels que 41 ; telle qu'elle est représentée sur la fig.5, la lame 1 est en position de butée inférieure ; si sous l'effet de l'impact contre la bûche par exemple, la lame 1 venait à pivoter vers le haut, un bras en prolongement 42 solidaire du support 36 viendrait en butée contre l'embout 41 et la lame serait alors en position de butée dite supérieure.In fig.5 more particularly, it is noted that the abovementioned upper and lower stop positions are determined by means of a filmed rod 40 secured to a flange; the ends of the rod 40 are provided with rubber end caps such as 41; as shown in fig.5, the blade 1 is in the lower stop position; if under the effect of the impact against the log for example, the blade 1 were to pivot upwards, an extension arm 42 secured to the support 36 would come into abutment against the end piece 41 and the blade would then be in the position of so-called upper stop.

Sur la fig.7, on a représenté un dispositif analogue à celui des figures précédentes dans lesquelles la lame travaille dans un plan de chariotage vertical. On a affecté aux différents organes de cette machine les numéros de référence affectés aux organes analogues de la machine des figures précédentes ; on remarque que dans ce cas de configuration les bielles 25' poussent le bras 27' en direction de la bûche 9' au lieu de le tirer comme dans le cas précédent. On notera aussi qu'à défaut de la pesanteur la lame est sollicitée en position de butée inférieure par un petit ressort non représenté sur les figures.In Fig.7, there is shown a device similar to that of the preceding figures in which the blade works in a vertical planing plane. The different organs of this machine have been assigned the reference numbers assigned to analogous organs of the machine in the preceding figures; we note that in this configuration case the connecting rods 25 'push the arm 27' towards the log 9 'instead of pulling it as in the previous case. It will also be noted that, failing gravity, the blade is biased into the lower stop position by a small spring not shown in the figures.

Bien que l'on ait décrit comment au cours d'un premier impact de la lame contre la bûche cette dernière était fendue le long des fibres du bois, pour donner naissance à une latte, et comment la bûche était translatée parallèlement.à elle-même pour présenter une seconde ligne d'impact et donner naissance à une latte suivante, on notera que l'on peut aussi ne commander la translation de la bûche qu'après plusieurs allers et retours de la lame ; en procédant ainsi dans les cas où la bûche serait noueuse ou les fibres du bois ne seraient pas pour une autre raison sensiblement parallèles à l'axe de la bûche, on effectuera une sorte de rabottage en une ou plusieurs passes, équivalent au travail manuel de dégauchissement pratiqué sur une lamelle ; l'expérience a montré que le dégauchissage, ou rabottage, ainsi pratiqué avec les machines de l'invention est en général suffisant pour procurer des lattes d'épaisseur sensiblement constante et ne pas être préjudiciable à la qualité de celles-ci en vue de constituer des bardeaux.Although it has been described how during a first impact of the blade against the log the latter was split along the fibers of the wood, to give rise to a slat, and how the log was translated parallel to it. even to present a second line of impact and give rise to a next batten, it will be noted that it is also possible to control the translation of the log only after several back and forth movements of the blade; by doing so in cases where the log is knotty or the wood fibers are not for another reason substantially parallel to the axis of the log, we will perform a kind of planing in one or more passes, equivalent to manual planing work performed on a strip; experience has shown that the planing, or planing, thus practiced with the machines of the invention is generally sufficient to provide slats of substantially constant thickness and not be detrimental to the quality thereof in order to constitute shingles.

On notera enfin que,sans sortir du champ de l'invention, les moyens de déplacement du chariot, au lieu d'être des moyens mécaniques par bielles pourraient être des moyens hydrauliques ou pneumatiqueset que les moyens de maintien et d'avancement des bûches pourraient être des moyens mécaniques par exemple par vis ; de façon plus générale, il doit être compris que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation ci-dessus décrites ou représentées mais que sa portée est définie par ses caractéristiques générales telles qu'elles ont été énoncées plus haut.Finally, it should be noted that, without departing from the scope of the invention, the means for moving the carriage, instead of being mechanical means by connecting rods, could be hydraulic or pneumatic means and that the means for holding and advancing the logs could be mechanical means, for example by screw; more generally, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described or shown above but that its scope is defined by its general characteristics as they have been stated above.

Claims (10)

1.- Dispositif destiné au fendage de pièces de bois en vue de former des bardeaux, au moyen d'une lame mue mécaniquement de façon alternative, caractérisé : en ce que ladite lame est montée pivotante sur un support, autour d'un axe voisin de son tranchant et sensiblement parallèle à celui-ci ; 1.- Device intended for splitting pieces of wood in order to form shingles, by means of an alternately mechanically moved blade, characterized: in that said blade is pivotally mounted on a support, about an axis close to its cutting edge and substantially parallel thereto; 2.- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé : en ce que ladite lame a une forme sensiblement parallélépipèdique rectangulaire aplatie, son tranchant étant en forme de dièdre situé le long d'un des grands côtés du rectangle;; 2.- Device according to claim 1, characterized: in that said blade has a substantially flattened rectangular parallelepiped shape, its cutting edge being in the form of a dihedron situated along one of the long sides of the rectangle; 3.- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé : en ce que l' arête du dièdre constituant le tranchant est située approximativement entre le plan médian de l'épaisseur de la lame et le plan d'une des faces de celle-ci ; 3.- Device according to claim 2, characterized: in that the edge of the dihedron constituting the cutting edge is situated approximately between the median plane of the thickness of the blade and the plane of one of the faces thereof; 4.- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé : en ce que le plan bissecteur du. dièdre forme avec le plan médian un angle tel que l'une des facettes du dièdre ait une largeur nettement supérieure à celle de l'autre facette 4.- Device according to claim 3, characterized: in that the bisector plane of. dihedral forms an angle with the median plane such that one of the facets of the dihedral has a width significantly greater than that of the other facet 5.- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé : en ce que le pivotement de la lame est limité par deux positions réglables de butée, en ce que la lame est sollicitée de façon légère en direction de la position, dite première, de butée située du côté de la facette de plus grande largeur ; 5.- Device according to claim 4, characterized: in that the pivoting of the blade is limited by two adjustable stop positions, in that the blade is biased lightly towards the so-called first position of stop located on the side of the facet of greater width; 6.- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé : en ce que ladite lame est articulée à chacune de ses extrémités sur ledit support, et en ce que ledit support est animé d'un mouvement de translation rectiligne alternatif de direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au tranchant de la lame ; 6.- Device according to claim 1, characterized: in that said blade is articulated at each of its ends on said support, and in that said support is driven by an alternating rectilinear translational movement of direction substantially perpendicular to the cutting edge of the blade; 7.- Dispositif selon les revendications5 et 6, caractérisé : en ce que les moyens de réglage de la première position de butée permettent de régler cette position de façon telle que la facette de plus petite largeur soit parallèle au plan de translation du support de lame ; 7.- Device according to claims5 and 6, characterized: in that the means for adjusting the first stop position make it possible to adjust this position so that the facet of smaller width is parallel to the plane of translation of the blade support; 8.- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé : en ce qu'il comporte en outre un organe préhenseur des pièces de bois à fendre, ledit organe étant essentiellement constitué par un couple de mâchoires destinées à mordre dans les tranches opposées de la pièce et à présenter celle-ci en bout face à la lame, le sens des fibres du bois étant globalement parallèle au plan de translation de la lame ; 8.- Device according to claim 7, characterized: in that it further comprises a member gripping pieces of wood to be split, said member being essentially constituted by a pair of jaws intended to bite into the opposite edges of the piece and to present the latter at the end facing the blade , the direction of the wood fibers being generally parallel to the plane of translation of the blade; 9.- Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé : en ce que le plan de translation est un plan horizontal, en ce que l'organe préhenseur est situé au-dessus du plan de translation, la facette de plus petite largeur étant située au-dessus de la facette de plus grande largeur, en ce que la légère sollicitation de la lame est une sollicitation vers le bas résultant de son propre poids ; 9.- Device according to claim 8, characterized: in that the translation plane is a horizontal plane, in that the gripping member is situated above the translation plane, the facet of smaller width being situated above the facet of greater width, in that the slight stress on the blade is a stress on the bottom resulting from its own weight; 10.- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé : en ce que l'axe d'articulation de la lame est, de façon plus précise, confondue avec la ligne d'interseetion du plan de la facette de plus petite largeur avec le plan de la face de la lame adjacent à cette facette. 10.- Device according to claim 4, characterized: in that the axis of articulation of the blade is, more precisely, coincident with the line of intersection of the plane of the facet of smaller width with the plane of the face of the blade adjacent to this facet.
EP82402097A 1981-11-19 1982-11-17 Shingle making machine Expired EP0080408B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82402097T ATE22034T1 (en) 1981-11-19 1982-11-17 SHINGLE MAKING MACHINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8121920A FR2516434A1 (en) 1981-11-19 1981-11-19 MACHINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SHINGLES
FR8121920 1981-11-19

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EP0080408A1 true EP0080408A1 (en) 1983-06-01
EP0080408B1 EP0080408B1 (en) 1986-09-10

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AT (1) ATE22034T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3273234D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2516434A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552700A1 (en) * 1983-10-04 1985-04-05 Satge Jean Machine for making wooden laths
WO1986001452A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-03-13 Halftan Nilsen Method and device for splitting chipboard
GB2316356A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-02-25 C D R Ltd Board splitting apparatus
KR102609453B1 (en) * 2023-08-10 2023-12-01 이삼수 Equipment for manufacturing shingle and method for manufacturing shingle using the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2183479A (en) * 1937-07-27 1939-12-12 Elsworth H Jenkins Shingle making or wood shake cutting machine
US2365932A (en) * 1942-09-29 1944-12-26 Richard E Bierd Art of splitting shakes and a machine therefor
DE1147747B (en) * 1958-07-08 1963-04-25 Wilhelm Gronebaum Log splitter
US3224477A (en) * 1951-10-10 1965-12-21 Joenkoeping Vulcan Ab Knife structures particularly intended for the peeling of veneer
CA980664A (en) * 1974-03-26 1975-12-30 Her Majesty In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of The Dep Artment Of The Environment Tree cross-cutting blade

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2183479A (en) * 1937-07-27 1939-12-12 Elsworth H Jenkins Shingle making or wood shake cutting machine
US2365932A (en) * 1942-09-29 1944-12-26 Richard E Bierd Art of splitting shakes and a machine therefor
US3224477A (en) * 1951-10-10 1965-12-21 Joenkoeping Vulcan Ab Knife structures particularly intended for the peeling of veneer
DE1147747B (en) * 1958-07-08 1963-04-25 Wilhelm Gronebaum Log splitter
CA980664A (en) * 1974-03-26 1975-12-30 Her Majesty In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of The Dep Artment Of The Environment Tree cross-cutting blade

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552700A1 (en) * 1983-10-04 1985-04-05 Satge Jean Machine for making wooden laths
WO1986001452A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-03-13 Halftan Nilsen Method and device for splitting chipboard
GB2316356A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-02-25 C D R Ltd Board splitting apparatus
GB2316356B (en) * 1996-08-14 2000-04-05 C D R Ltd Laminated board splitting apparatus
KR102609453B1 (en) * 2023-08-10 2023-12-01 이삼수 Equipment for manufacturing shingle and method for manufacturing shingle using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0080408B1 (en) 1986-09-10
ATE22034T1 (en) 1986-09-15
FR2516434A1 (en) 1983-05-20
DE3273234D1 (en) 1986-10-16
FR2516434B3 (en) 1984-09-28

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