EP0079293A2 - Modulschalter mit magnetischem Blasfluss und mit Gaskühlung - Google Patents

Modulschalter mit magnetischem Blasfluss und mit Gaskühlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0079293A2
EP0079293A2 EP82420103A EP82420103A EP0079293A2 EP 0079293 A2 EP0079293 A2 EP 0079293A2 EP 82420103 A EP82420103 A EP 82420103A EP 82420103 A EP82420103 A EP 82420103A EP 0079293 A2 EP0079293 A2 EP 0079293A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
contacts
contact
chambers
modules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82420103A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0079293B1 (de
EP0079293A3 (en
Inventor
Guy St-Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Quebec
Original Assignee
Hydro Quebec
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Priority to AT82420103T priority Critical patent/ATE32396T1/de
Publication of EP0079293A2 publication Critical patent/EP0079293A2/de
Publication of EP0079293A3 publication Critical patent/EP0079293A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079293B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079293B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the interruption of a high direct or alternating current flowing in a high voltage power line by means of a switch or a circuit breaker.
  • the subject of the present invention is a switch or circuit breaker of the type known under the name of "magnetic field blow switch", in which the current to be interrupted flows through a coil which generates a strong magnetic field capable of draw and cut the electric arc that occurs as soon as the switch or circuit breaker contacts are separated.
  • the stretching of the arc causes a rapid increase in the voltage across the arc and thus forces the current to tend towards 0 and therefore to break.
  • Conventional type magnetic field blown current interrupters usually consist of a simple switch comprising a fixed contact and a movable contact between which an electric arc is formed when the circuit is opened and the current still circulates.
  • the arc thus formed is drawn between the contacts by a magnetic field which is produced perpendicular to its latter by a coil electrically connected in series with the contacts through which the current flows which must be interrupted.
  • the arc voltage which always has a polarity opposite to the voltage of the current source is proportional to the length of the arc and therefore increases when the arc stretches under the effect of the field to-ultimately reduce the electric current intensity at 0 and thus ensure the desired interruption.
  • the present invention relates to a switch of the same type as above but constructed from an entirely different concept, which makes it possible to avoid the various drawbacks mentioned above.
  • a standardizable module is used. This module includes two adjacent chambers mounted in a simple and compact shape. These chambers each have their contact elements electrically connected together in series and mechanically actuated together to ensure an extremely short interruption time.
  • Each module is advantageously designed so that the arc moving away from the contacts generates suction which sucks in an ambient gas such as air, from the outside of the chambers to the interior thereof so as to improve the insulation of each chamber during and after the power interruption while cooling the contacts which are found within these.
  • the present invention relates to a new modular switch with magnetic field blowing and air or gas cooling, intended to be mounted on an electric line.
  • This switch includes at least one module comprising a flat body made of an electrically non-conductive and gas permeable material.
  • This flat body is divided into an upper arc chamber and a lower arc chamber separated from each other by a central wall.
  • Each chamber is provided with a fixed electrical contact which extends through the body of the module so that the latter can be mounted by two of its opposite surfaces on the electrical line.
  • a double and movable electrical contact is mounted on an axis passing through the central wall of the body.
  • This double contact is provided with a contact bar at each end, each of these contact bars being in one of the two chambers of the module so as to cooperate with the fixed contact of this same chamber.
  • a pivoting axis made of a non-conductive material passes through the body and is connected to the axis of the double contact so as to be able to pivot the latter and thus move the two contact bars simultaneously so as to come into electrical contact with the contacts modules or vice versa, to let or break the current flowing in the power line.
  • a coil forming an integral part of the switch is mounted on the power line so that it can be excited by the current flowing in it and thus be able to create a magnetic field sufficient to blow electric arcs forming in the chambers when the bars contacts are detached from the fixed contacts.
  • passage means are provided from outside the body of each module to the fixed and mobile contacts of this same module so that the air or the ambient gas can be sucked inside the chambers when the arcs are blown and can thus come to cool said fixed and mobile contacts.
  • the coil can be mounted either in series on the electrical circuit formed by the various contacts of the switch electrically connected together, or in parallel with respect to this same circuit.
  • the modular blow-off switch by magnetic field and cooled by air or gas can comprise a plurality of modules stacked one above the other and fixed together in this position.
  • Each module can be fitted with non-magnetic metal plates mounted on each of its opposite faces and electrically connected to the fixed contacts to dissipate heat.
  • the pivoting axis used to operate the double contacts must be of sufficient length. to connect the double contacts of all the modules together so that these contacts can all be actuated simultaneously.
  • a stack of modules as previously described can be used as a current limiter by electrically connecting the ends of a large coil to the metal plates fixed to the surface of the end modules of the threading to limit the current.
  • FIG. 1 is intended to illustrate the structure of a conventional type blow-out current interruption device of magnetic field mounted on an electric line (1) and equipped with a single switch constituted by a contact fixed electrical (3) and a movable electrical contact (5) mounted on a pivot (7) so as to be able to detach from or return to the fixed contact (3).
  • the electric line (1) is connected to a magnetic field blowing coil (not shown) using conductors (9) defining between them a space in which the arc moves when it is "blown" by the magnetic field created by the coil in a perpendicular direction.
  • the arc is directed towards a multiplicity of chambers (11) formed inside the housing (13) of the interrupting device by means of a plurality of fins or insulating walls (15 ).
  • the arc (17) forms immediately and moves in the space defined between the conductors (9) under the action of the magnetic force generated by the coil.
  • the center of the arc (17) which thus moves away from the contacts, enters the chambers (11) where it is sectioned into a series of small elementary arcs which are in turn stretched and curved until their total length is large enough so that the arc voltage has a sufficient value to bring the circulating current in line (1) at value O.
  • Such a current interrupting device works well but is limited by the insulation capacity of these contacts (3) and (5).
  • the length of the arc (17) must increase in the same way to be able to interrupt the flow of current in the line.
  • the current interruption time in a device of this type is of the order of a few tens of milliseconds, which is relatively long and leads to rapid erosion of the contacts of the switch.
  • This switch includes at least one module comprising two arc chambers, each of which is provided with means for interrupting the current mounted in series on the electric line whose current is to be interrupted. If the value of the voltage of the power line makes it necessary, two or more modules of the previous type can be stacked and their contacts connected in series. In this way, an arc chamber of standard dimensions can be provided to obtain an interruption time much shorter than that presently obtained with the interruption device of the type previously described.
  • the interruption time can be reduced to a millisecond or less by using modules supporting 5 kV, each module having the shape of a flat disc with an approximate diameter of 15 or 20 cm or a rectangular plate 10 or 15 cm wide, the disc or plate having a thickness not exceeding 5 cm.
  • FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows two modules (19) and (19 ') which are identical. For this reason, only the top module (19) will be described below.
  • the module (19) comprises a body illustrated here by plates (21) and (23) inside each of which a circular arc chamber (25) and (27) is formed.
  • Current interruption means are arranged substantially in the center of each chamber (25) and (27).
  • the means of the upper chamber include a fixed contact (29) and a movable and pivoting contact (31).
  • the current interrupting means of the lower chamber (27) comprise a fixed contact (33) and a movable and pivoting contact (35).
  • the movable contacts (31) and (35) are respectively equipped with contact bars (30) and (32) which are intended to work in cooperation with the fixed contacts (29) and (33) in a way that is already well known. As can be seen, this description also applies to the lower module (19 ').
  • the contacts (29), (31), (33) and (35) are of course made of non-magnetic and electrically conductive materials, such as copper.
  • the movable contacts (31) and (35) of the means for interrupting the two arcing chambers are electrically connected and in fact consist of a single element as will be explained below in the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • a particularly important feature of the present invention resides in the fact that the movable contacts (31) and (35) are not only electrically interconnected since they in fact form a single element provided at each end of the bars (30) and ( 32) previously mentioned, but also actuated by the same pivoting axis made of a non-conductive material. This axis is also used to actuate the contact elements (31 ') and (35') of the lower module (19 v ).
  • a coil (37) intended to provide a sufficient magnetic force (39), is connected, by its two ends, to the fixed contact (33) of the chamber (27) and to the fixed contact (29 ') of the chamber (25' ) of the lower module (19 ').
  • the rooms are each provided with interior walls (41), (43), (41 ') and (43'), defining passages (G) from outside the body of each module to the fixed and movable contacts of this same module to guide a gas or the ambient air drawn inside the chambers when the arcs are blown, as will be explained below below.
  • the current flowing in the electric line enters the switch at (44) via the fixed contact (29) of the chamber (25). This current leaves the switch in (44 ') via the fixed contact (33') of the chamber (27 t ) of the lower module (19 '). It can therefore be seen that the current flowing in the means for interrupting successive arc chambers moves from one direction to the other as one passes from one chamber to the next. In other words, the current flows from contact (29) to contact (31) in the chamber (25) and from contact (35) to contact (33) in the chamber (27), then flows in the coil (37 ) before traveling again from contact (29 t ) to contact (31 ') in the chamber (25') and from contact (35 t ) to contact (33 ') in the chamber (27').
  • an essential characteristic of the invention lies in the fact that all the sets of two mobile contacts contained in each module (31) and (35) as well as (31 ') and (35') and their respective contact bars (30) and (32) as well as (30 ') and (32') are not only electrically interconnected but also mechanically connected together so as to be operated simultaneously.
  • each module (19) and (19 1 ) is made of a non-conductive material permeable to air, such as compressed glass beads.
  • FIG. 3 shows a vertical sectional view of the switch shown schematically in Figure 2.
  • each module such as the module (19) is composed of an intermediate flat disc (47) and two external discs (49) and (51) mounted on the two external faces of the intermediate disc (47) and fixed to the latter by means, for example, of an adhesive resistant to high temperatures applied along their outer periphery.
  • the faces of the outer discs (49) and (51) which are adjacent to the intermediate disc (47) are each provided with a shallow recess and a flat bottom (53) and (55).
  • the intermediate disc is also provided, on each of its two outer faces, with a shallow recess and flat bottom (57).
  • These recesses (57) are similar to each other have a shape and a dimension identical to those of the recesses (53) and (55) so as to be able to cooperate geometrically with the latter to define the arc chambers (25) and (27) .
  • Figure 3 also shows the passages (G) formed by the walls (41) and (41 ') previously mentioned. For reasons of simplicity, the means of interrupting each room have not been illustrated.
  • the height of various chambers (25), (27), (25 ') and (27') is the same and is chosen so as to be equal to or smaller than the diameter d of the arcs formed in each chamber.
  • the arcs formed touch the opposite walls of the chambers when they are accelerated radially from the contact elements when the latter are open. This centrifugal movement of the arc in each chamber and the fact that it touches the walls, creates a suction of air or gas from outside the chamber to the space defined between the contacts.
  • blowing coil is near the associated modules (19) and (19 ') and therefore their respective chambers so as to be able to create a strong magnetic field allowing an adequate acceleration of the arches.
  • such an arrangement makes it possible to accelerate the stretching of the electric arcs much more quickly than any interruption device of known type.
  • each fixed contact (29) consists of a bar ⁇ 63) fixed to the intermediate disc (47) in any known manner, and extended upwards by a stud (65) passing through the discs external (49) and (51) until reaching the external surface thereof.
  • the bar (63) has an inclined surface (67) (see FIG. 6).
  • the movable contact (31) has a central axis (69) ending at each end by a bar (71) extending laterally and provided with an inclined surface (67 ') (see Figure 6) intended to come into electrical contact with the inclined surfaces (67) of the corresponding fixed contacts (29).
  • the movable contact (31) of the module is mounted on a pivot (73) made of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • This pivot extends through the module and is actuated in rotation by means of an operating mechanism which can be of standard construction known to any person skilled in the art.
  • the fixed contacts (29) are arranged on each side of the double movable contact (31) which, with its contact bars (71) which extend in opposite directions. This leads to a plane symmetry of the opposite faces of the intermediate disc (47) and has a similarity in shape of the outer discs (49) and (51).
  • the illustrated modules are constructed as shown schematically in Figure 2.
  • the fixed contacts (29) are arranged one above the other while the movable contact (31) has its bars contact (71) oriented in the same direction from the central axis (69). This leads to a linear symmetry of each module.
  • each module plate (75) of non-magnetic metal When several modules are to be stacked one on top of the other, it is preferable to fix on the opposite faces of each module plates (75) of non-magnetic metal to dissipate the heat. These plates which are therefore fixed on the external surfaces of the external disks (49) and (51) are electrically connected to the studs (65) and to the fixed contacts (29).
  • the modules thus stacked can be fixed to each other by any known means such as for example with bolts and nuts electrically non-conductive or by bonding.
  • the modular switch is mounted with play in a housing (77) intended to drive the pivot (73).
  • the pivot (73) is fixed to the housing (77) by means of drive bars (79) extending across open passages provided for this purpose through the intermediate discs (47) of the modules which must be equipped with such drive bars (79).
  • the number of bars will of course depend on the number of modules forming the switch but it will be appreciated that, in this way, the torsional force which the axis (73) undergoes is reduced to an acceptable limit.
  • the housing (77) can itself be rotated relative to the switch by any conventional drive means.
  • the housing (77) as well as the drive bars (79) must be made of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • the great advantages of the modular switch of the type described above are that it reduces the time taken for the arc voltage to reach its peak and therefore that it provides a faster current interruption.
  • the current interruption time can in fact be much less than a millisecond, which makes the modular switch according to the invention usable for a multitude of applications. It can thus, for example, be used as an alternating current switch, alternating current limiter or direct current switch.
  • a variant of the invention consists in connecting the modular switch in parallel with its blowing coil so that the latter is mounted in shunt when the contacts of the switch are closed.
  • FIG. 7 Such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7 where five identical modules are used and operated by the same drive device, and where the coil is mounted in shunt on the center module.
  • the coil has its two ends electrically connected to the external metal plates (75).
  • the blowing coil (37) carries the current only for a very short period of the order of a millisecond between the moment when the contacts separate until the moment when the current is interrupted.
  • the blowing coil (37) can be made of a very thin wire and can be very compact since the current does not circulate there permanently and no loss of energy occurs.
  • FIG. 8 Another alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • the switch is used in combination with a large blowing coil designed so as to be able to withstand a passage of permanent current or for a period of time long and thus make the switch usable as a current limiter on an alternating current circuit.
  • a current limiter comprises a large number of modules mounted in series and the outer plates (75) of the end modules of which are electrically connected to the ends of a limiting coil (37) acting also as a supply coil for the switch.
  • the interrupt circuit contacts are closed, the device impedance is zero and the device can therefore be connected in series on any alternating current circuit.
  • the contact circuits can quickly open and the current is interrupted for about a millisecond to circulate only in the limiting coil (37).
  • the latter can be chosen so that its impedance limits the intensity of the short-circuit current to any desired value.
  • Such a fast acting current limiter is extremely advantageous in a power supply system since it limits the increase in current to values much smaller than the short-circuit values predicted with conventional type switches with, like the result is a reduction in the stresses which the equipment of the supply system must bear.
  • the alternating current switch constructed according to the invention has the advantage of bringing the current to O in an extremely short time range of The order of a millisecond or less unlike conventional type circuit switches where the interruption time is of the order of tens of milliseconds as previously indicated. As previously indicated also, this shorter interruption time very substantially reduces contact erosion by electric arcs.
  • a fast-acting switch such as that proposed in the case of the present invention can be used to limit the evolution and the peak value of the current by acting as a current limiter.
  • this switch which makes it possible to quickly bring the current to 0, can be used as a direct current switch under high voltage.
  • the switch can also be used under ambient pressure above or below atmospheric pressure, using any suitable insulating gas such as sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the modular switch according to the invention finds another interesting application in the field of work to be carried out on power transmission lines.
  • the usual procedure is to isolate a portion of the transmission line from the power source and then earth the ends of this isolated portion of the transmission line on which the work is to be carried out.
  • Grounding is usually accomplished by means of insulated bars provided at one end with a connection mechanism to which a grounding conductor wire is attached. This thread, as its name suggests, brings to the ground any current induced in the portion of the transmission line by the parallel transport lines which are always in operation.
  • an electric arc usually breaks out between the repaired line portion and the mechanism attached to the end of the bar.
  • the arc which is generated by the induced current may be several meters long before s t interrupt. This arc, in addition to being extremely dangerous if it inadvertently falls at a point close to the repairer (s), often produces an unpleasant detonation and constitutes a real danger for people and the environment.
  • a switch according to the invention which, being extremely light, can be easily attached to the end of the bar and be used to effectively interrupt currents which can rise up to 400 amps at voltages equal to or greater than 49 kV.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
EP82420103A 1981-11-10 1982-07-19 Modulschalter mit magnetischem Blasfluss und mit Gaskühlung Expired EP0079293B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82420103T ATE32396T1 (de) 1981-11-10 1982-07-19 Modulschalter mit magnetischem blasfluss und mit gaskuehlung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/320,140 US4401870A (en) 1981-11-10 1981-11-10 Modular suction-gas-cooled magnetic blast circuit breaker
US320140 1989-03-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079293A2 true EP0079293A2 (de) 1983-05-18
EP0079293A3 EP0079293A3 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0079293B1 EP0079293B1 (de) 1988-02-03

Family

ID=23245051

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82420103A Expired EP0079293B1 (de) 1981-11-10 1982-07-19 Modulschalter mit magnetischem Blasfluss und mit Gaskühlung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4401870A (de)
EP (1) EP0079293B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5885232A (de)
AT (1) ATE32396T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1140625A (de)
DE (1) DE3278093D1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111584321A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2020-08-25 杭州德睿达电气有限公司 一种直流快速断路器的磁吹灭弧系统

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020018332A1 (en) * 2000-07-04 2002-02-14 Matthias Kroeker Arrangement having a contact element which can be brought into contact with another contact element
JP5050265B2 (ja) * 2007-11-09 2012-10-17 国立大学法人九州工業大学 自己回復性限流ヒューズ
GB2461024B (en) * 2008-06-16 2012-06-13 Converteam Technology Ltd Fuses
JP5859360B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2016-02-10 住友重機械工業株式会社 リニアモータ冷却構造
JP5859361B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2016-02-10 住友重機械工業株式会社 リニアモータ冷却構造
FR3123143A1 (fr) * 2021-05-21 2022-11-25 Socomec Module de coupure électrique équipé d’un dispositif de soufflage magnétique et appareil de coupure électrique comportant un tel module

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB187821A (en) * 1921-10-05 1922-11-02 George Ellison Improvements relating to magnetic blow-out devices for use with electric circuit controlling apparatus
DE533477C (de) * 1928-06-24 1931-09-15 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Hoernerschalter mit mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Hoernerpaaren
US2443650A (en) * 1944-09-27 1948-06-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
BE539076A (de) * 1954-07-16
GB957359A (en) * 1962-04-04 1964-05-06 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to surge diverters
CH470093A (de) * 1968-02-09 1969-03-15 Gen Electric Uberspannungsableiter
US3566201A (en) * 1969-03-03 1971-02-23 Gen Electric Discharge arc control means for a lightning arrester
US3611045A (en) * 1970-02-24 1971-10-05 Gen Electric Lightning arrester sparkgap assembly having opposed electromagnetic field-generating means for controlling arc movement

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111584321A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2020-08-25 杭州德睿达电气有限公司 一种直流快速断路器的磁吹灭弧系统
CN111584321B (zh) * 2019-05-21 2022-06-10 杭州德睿达电气有限公司 一种直流快速断路器的磁吹灭弧系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0079293B1 (de) 1988-02-03
JPS5885232A (ja) 1983-05-21
DE3278093D1 (en) 1988-03-10
ATE32396T1 (de) 1988-02-15
US4401870A (en) 1983-08-30
CA1140625A (fr) 1983-02-01
JPH0147848B2 (de) 1989-10-17
EP0079293A3 (en) 1985-06-19

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