EP0118333B1 - Schalter mit einer sich beim Ausschalten zwischen den Kontakten einschiebenden Isolierstoffwand und mit Lichtbogenabquetschmittel zwischen der Isolierstoffwand und einem Isolierstoffgehäuse - Google Patents

Schalter mit einer sich beim Ausschalten zwischen den Kontakten einschiebenden Isolierstoffwand und mit Lichtbogenabquetschmittel zwischen der Isolierstoffwand und einem Isolierstoffgehäuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0118333B1
EP0118333B1 EP84400204A EP84400204A EP0118333B1 EP 0118333 B1 EP0118333 B1 EP 0118333B1 EP 84400204 A EP84400204 A EP 84400204A EP 84400204 A EP84400204 A EP 84400204A EP 0118333 B1 EP0118333 B1 EP 0118333B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen
contacts
arc
switch
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84400204A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0118333A1 (de
Inventor
Elie Belbel
Christian Blanchard
André Haury
Michel Lauraire
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT84400204T priority Critical patent/ATE22503T1/de
Publication of EP0118333A1 publication Critical patent/EP0118333A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0118333B1 publication Critical patent/EP0118333B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the extinction of the electric arc which arises when a circuit is opened by a switch device, operating on direct or alternating current.
  • low and medium voltage breaking devices ranging for example from 110 V to 5 KV
  • the discharge occurs in the air and more especially, those in which an electrically insulating screen is interposed between the contacts in order to favor the rapid extinction of the arc and to avoid its re-ignition.
  • limiters where the separation of the contacts is for example obtained by means of electrodynamic repulsion forces which are exerted in conductive portions of contact support when the current which crosses them exceeds a predetermined threshold
  • circuit breakers where contact separation is achieved by releasing accumulated mechanical energy or by magnetic energy developed by the short circuit, and even some contactors.
  • the arrangement is such that the flaps take their folded position in a time equal to the contact opening time, which is also relatively long, because this opening is controlled by mechanical means.
  • the arc can therefore stabilize and it is neither indicated nor probable, that its extinction is caused by the subsequent interposition of the screen, rather than by the passage of current through zero.
  • This device seems in fact intended to prevent a rearming of the arc; before the arc is extinguished, it is in contact with the screen for a relatively long time, from which it follows that a significant risk of metallization of the screen by the arc exists.
  • strangulation is not completely ensured and escape routes are not avoided; finally, the entire structure is neither reliable nor likely to allow efficient and long-term operation.
  • the screen subjected to a translation perpendicular to the direction of spacing of the contacts, does not come between the contact pads until after those -these have been separated from one another by the cooperation, with their support blades, of bosses with which it is provided.
  • the means for opening the contacts merges here with the means for propelling the screen and the latter must completely overcome the pressure for maintaining the contacts in the closed state. It necessarily follows that the interposition on the path of the arc of the screen thus braked in its translation occurs after a relatively long time, so that the arc will have had time to stabilize.
  • a blowing coil is also arranged in the vicinity of the contact pads to drive the arc thus formed towards a slot into which the edge of the screen penetrates.
  • FR-A-1 541 810 describes the use of a contact separation piece interposed between them, either to cause it to open, or after said opening, and the wedge-shaped end of which engages at the end in a groove in a wall of the contact chamber. This part drives out the arc of the contacts by laminating it and it causes an elongation. The arc is therefore not sheared before it can stabilize, the groove being too far from the contact zone for this result to be obtained.
  • FR-A-1 238 660 describes a device for lengthening the electric arcs in which its contacts are opened by the movement of a screen.
  • the values proposed in this patent for the speeds of the screen are chosen as a function of the j lengthening speed of the arc which it is desired to obtain, and not with a view to shearing the arc before its stabilization.
  • the substantially complete shearing of the arc before it has had time to stabilize is obtained by controlling a sufficiently rapid movement of the screen by means of a member separate from the control member of the separation of the contacts and by arranging the cooperating surfaces of the terminal edge of the screen and the insulating wall so that a substantially complete seal is obtained between them when the screen has come into abutment position against said wall.
  • the linear speed of movement of the screen is greater than 2m / s.
  • the screen is guided in its movement by a groove arranged to provide a lateral seal.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 there is shown a switch device comprising, housed in a housing 1, two contact supports 2 and 3 provided with contact pads 201 and 301 and able to pivot around two points 202-302. The latter is connected to a conductor 303 which leads to a connection terminal 304. A coil 4 is supplied from a connection terminal 204.
  • contact opening control lock 2-201 and 3-301.
  • these means will respond for example to a predetermined current overcurrent, corresponding to a short circuit and may be of different known types: thermal response members such as bimetallic strips, electromagnetic response members such as coils or electrodynamic response (repulsive forces exerted between the conductive supports of the contacts).
  • the front edge 601 of this screen is located a short distance d 1 behind the point of contact.
  • This screen is propelled forward by means which have been symbolized here by the coil 4 and a system of levers 401-402 connected to a plunger core 403 with which it is provided.
  • These means are, in the illustrated example, electromagnetic and actuated by the effect of the short-circuit current. However, they could be of various types: for example, armed spring triggered at the desired moment, or others.
  • propellant means must be able to communicate on the screen a considerable translation speed, at least equal to 2 m / s and which will often, in practice, of the order of 10 to 20 m / s , as will be explained below.
  • the slot 603 communicates with the outside by degassing means, such as baffles 604 and channels 605 forming expansion chambers 606.
  • the distance d 2 between the point of contact of the pellets and the bottom of the slot is relatively small, so that the path of the arc which forms between the pellets is not considerably lengthened when the screen pushes it towards slot.
  • the essential phenomenon is that the arc is completely sheared without ever having had time to stabilize and experience shows that this results in a growth in the arc voltage as brutal as that which occurs in a fuse, therefore an extremely rapid extinction and a considerable reduction (by a factor given as an indication of the order of 2 to 3) of the energy of the arc compared to what happens in the absence of this phenomenon of abrupt reduction of section S of the arc to a practically zero value.
  • the arc does not have time to stabilize between the contacts, because it would more or less quickly cause their deterioration; experience has shown that this result is obtained if the speed of movement of the screen exceeds 2 m / s and is preferably of the order of 10 m / s. It will be noted that a speed that is too high (for example, greater than 20 m / s) would cause a derivative of too high power, with the generation of shock waves capable of causing the case to explode.
  • the front edge of the screen must have reached the appropriate speed when it touches the arc: this is why the distance d, mentioned above, must have an appropriate value.
  • Another essential condition for producing the critical phenomenon of very rapid extinction of the arc by complete shear is that no escape route is offered to it; hence the importance of the sealing arrangements and low lateral clearance mentioned above.
  • the screen completely isolates the contact supports from one another, thus eliminating any risk of welding: this function of the screen is previously known.
  • the screen cannot be metallized by the arc and, consequently, the performance of the device will not be degraded by repetitive cuts. Such a device can thus be used even in contactors.
  • the degassing means are obviously intended to prevent an excessive increase in the pressure inside the arc chamber.
  • the device described can be the subject of very diverse applications and present a very wide variety of embodiments.
  • the receiving slot of the front edge of the screen may be eliminated in certain cases, the screen then abutting against a flat surface or otherwise shaped to ensure adequate mechanical contact, with sealing between the screen edge and said surface. Note, however, that the use of a slot, associated with degassing means, prevents the rebound of the screen which arrives at high speed on the wall.
  • the screen can receive different profiles and, for example, include, at its front edge, a blade of thinner thickness which extends it and comes into the slot.
  • Said strip can be located in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the screen, as shown in FIG. 5, where there has been shown such a middle strip, 607 on the lateral faces of which the contact pads 201 and 301 are in support in the closed state of the switch: contact is then ensured by a conductive pad 608 incorporated in the blade 607. The cut is made when this pad has moved relative to the pads 201 and 301.
  • the device of Figure 5 also includes the same members, not shown, as that of Figures 1 to 4 and the contact supports 2 and 3 are pivotable.
  • FIG 22 there is shown a screen 6 in the form of a cylindrical crown guided by an insulating cylindrical column 6081 in which is embedded a fixed contact 3 which leads to a surface conductive pad 6080 in the form of a ring.
  • the front end of this column is integral with the wall 102 of the housing surrounded by a groove 1023 into which penetrates the front edge of the screen 6 when the latter is propelled by means not shown, at the time of pivoting of a movable contact 2 which deviates from the range 6080.
  • the screen 6 thus completely separates the two contacts from one another and the arc is throttled inside the groove 1023.
  • the latter communicates with degassing channels 605 on each side of the column 6081.
  • the blade 607a extends the base of the thick body of the screen and thus forms a stair step which enters the slot 603 and abuts (by the surface 6072a) against the wall 102 as indicated above.
  • the conductive pad 608a embedded in the blade is then connected to an electrical connection 609 embedded in the screen, to constitute the fixed contact.
  • the degassing channels are designated by 610.
  • the contact 2 pivots upwards while the pellet 608a undergoes translation and is received in the slot 603.
  • the position of the fixed contact pad 301 is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 8 when the arc arises: it can be seen that it is then sheared by oblique shearing, in the vicinity of the lower edge. of the partition 1020 and between the lower surface of this partition and the upper surface very close to the screen (the clearance between these two surfaces is for example less than 2/10 mm).
  • FIG. 10 and 11 schematically illustrate an embodiment of the device of Figures 7 to 9, where the terminal part of the screen has a portion of smaller thickness 613 connected to the main body by an inclined ramp 614. This arrangement improves the shearing of the arc, the main body of the screen and the ramp then ensuring its stopping and the shoulder 6120 of FIG. 9 is unnecessary here.
  • FIG. 12 to 14 a device comprising two screens 6a and 6b movable in translation relative to the housing 1 and whose opposite end portions have a complementary shape, so that the front edge of the thin screen 6b will come, at the end of the open position of the pivoting contacts 2-3, engage to the bottom of the narrow open housing 600a of the screen 6a.
  • the contacts 2 and 3 are moved aside and arranged on either side of the end of the two end portions, nested one inside the other, of the two screens, so that the housing is divided into two airtight chambers relative to each other (the screens sliding, for this purpose, in appropriate housing grooves).
  • a means of propelling the screens comprising two pivoting levers 601 a and 601 b, normally returned to the separated position by respective springs 602a and 602b and which approach each other under the action of two magnetic cores 603a, 603b controlled by a coil 825, until they come into contact with each other.
  • At at least one of the contacts is pivotable or moves away elastically to let the screen pass.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 show a comb screen structure intended to be interposed between fixed contacts such as 20-21 and contacts such as 30-31 movable by translation perpendicular to the screen.
  • This structure makes it possible to produce devices with multiple contact couples (mobile contact bridge 32).
  • Each tooth of the comb that forms the screen is guided by its lateral edges in grooves such as 622-623 formed in partitions arranged in the housing 1.
  • the bottom of the intervals 624 between fingers stops the screen by abutting against narrow parts 100 of these partitions.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 An axis 616 whose ends rotate in two walls of the housing 1 supports a stirrup 617 whose legs 6170-6171 carry a screen 6 in the form of a portion of cylindrical crown capable of moving in a groove 620, the bottom of which communicates with the outside via vents such as 621.
  • the propulsion of the assembly is provided by a spiral spring 619 pre-armed and triggered by means figured symbolically at 40.
  • the movable contact 22 is pivotally mounted about an axis 220 parallel to the axis 616 and which also pivots in two walls of the housing. The end of the contact 22 enters the groove when the screen is in the rest position to come, in the closed position shown, in contact with the fixed contact 3.
  • FIGs 19 to 21 there is shown a device composed of two screens 6c and 6d which is interposed between two contacts 2 and 3, which, when the complete device is opened, (not shown) move apart. one of the other perpendicular to the screens.
  • Each screen has two integral parts, each a little smaller than a semicircle, namely an external part and a base. The latter has a pivot axis, such as 6000a, fixed to the housing, not shown, of the device.
  • a ring 40 itself mounted in the housing so as to be able to turn on itself when it is actuated by a non-illustrated propellant means, comprises two diametrically opposed pins 401 and 402 which are respectively engaged in notches 403 and 404 contained in the respective external parts of the two screens.
  • the rotation of the ring therefore has the effect of rotating each of the two screens around an eccentric fixed axis.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Elektrischer Schalter der in einer Kammer eines Isoliergehäuses zwei elektrische Kontakte (201, 301) enthält, die im Verhältnis zueinander zwischen einer Schliess- und Öffnungsstellung beweglich sind, sowie einen beweglichen Isolierschirm (6), dessen zwei parallele Kanten in zwei Rillen des Gehäuses geführt werden, damit er sich, unter der Wirkung von Vortriebsmitteln (4,401 - -403) zwischen einer Ausgangsstellung, bei der die Kontakte (201,301) geschlossen sind, und einer Endstellung bewegen kann, bei der eine vordere Kante (601) des Schirms (6), nachdem sie sich zwischen zwei, vorher von Öffnungsmitteln (5), die sich von den Vortriebsmitteln (4,401-403) unterscheiden, getrennten, Kontakten (201, 301) hindurchbewegt hat und auf den zwischen besagten Kontakten (201, 301) gebildeten Lichtbogen getroffen ist, in einen in einer Wand (102) des Gehäuses ausgesparten Spalt (603) eindringt und die Kammer in zwei Kammerhälften teilt, welche voneinander isoliert sind und beide mit der Aussenatmosphäre in Verbindung stehen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorderkante (601) des beweglichen Schirms (6), bevor sie sich zwischen den Kontakten (201, 301) hindurchbewegt, um eine gewisse Strecke (di) vorbewegt wird, die es ihr einerseits ermöglicht, an dieser Stelle eine Geschwindigkeit zwischen 2m/s und 20m/s zu erreichen und dass die Entfernung des Spaltes von den Kontakten gering genug ist, damit der Lichtbogen dort völlig abgeguetscht wird, bevor er stabilisiert ist und bevor er eine bedeutende Längung erfahren hat.
2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spalt (603) direkt durch einen Entgasungskanal (604, bzw. 605, bew. 606) mit der Aussenatmosphäre verbunden ist.
3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schirm (6) nach vorn durch ein Blatt geringerer Dicke (607 oder 607a) verlängert wird, das mit ihm mindestens eine Schulter (6072, 6073 oder 6072a) bildet,die gegen besagte Wand (102) in Anschlas kommt.
4. Schalter nach Anspruch 3,
gekennzeichnet durch ein leitendes Plättchen (608), das in besagtem Blatt angebracht ist und in der Schliesstellung die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Kontakten (201-301) herstellt.
5. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
gekennzeichnet durch einen kammförmigen Schirm, bei dem jeder Zacken (614-615) sich zwischen zwei durch Translation senkrecht zum Schirm im Verhältnis zueinander bewegliche Kontakte schiebt.
6. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
gekennzeichnet durch einen Schirm (6) in Form eines zylindrischen Ringteiles, der sich in einer Behausung der gleichen Form (620) auf einer Kreisbahn bewegt.
7. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schirm (6) die Form eines zylindrischen Stutzens besitzt, der entlang einer unbeweglichen Säüle (6081) geführt wird, welche mit dem Gehäuse (102) fest verbunden ist und deren Oberfläche den festen Kontakt (3) trägt, wobei die Vorderkante dieses Stutzens in eine kreisförmige Rinne (1023) dieses Gehäuses eindringt.
EP84400204A 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 Schalter mit einer sich beim Ausschalten zwischen den Kontakten einschiebenden Isolierstoffwand und mit Lichtbogenabquetschmittel zwischen der Isolierstoffwand und einem Isolierstoffgehäuse Expired EP0118333B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84400204T ATE22503T1 (de) 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 Schalter mit einer sich beim ausschalten zwischen den kontakten einschiebenden isolierstoffwand und mit lichtbogenabquetschmittel zwischen der isolierstoffwand und einem isolierstoffgehaeuse.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8301749 1983-02-04
FR8301749A FR2540665B1 (fr) 1983-02-04 1983-02-04 Dispositif interrupteur muni d'un ecran isolant s'interposant entre les contacts lors de la coupure et de moyen de cisaillement de l'arc entre cet ecran et une paroi isolante

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0118333A1 EP0118333A1 (de) 1984-09-12
EP0118333B1 true EP0118333B1 (de) 1986-09-24

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EP84400204A Expired EP0118333B1 (de) 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 Schalter mit einer sich beim Ausschalten zwischen den Kontakten einschiebenden Isolierstoffwand und mit Lichtbogenabquetschmittel zwischen der Isolierstoffwand und einem Isolierstoffgehäuse

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4562323A (de)
EP (1) EP0118333B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59148220A (de)
AT (1) ATE22503T1 (de)
AU (1) AU564257B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8400485A (de)
CA (1) CA1204136A (de)
DE (2) DE118333T1 (de)
DK (1) DK50684A (de)
ES (1) ES8500504A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2540665B1 (de)
GR (1) GR81697B (de)
NO (1) NO161024C (de)
ZA (1) ZA84797B (de)

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US3842228A (en) * 1973-08-27 1974-10-15 Us Navy Circuit breaker assembly with interposed wedge non-conductor and complementary housing arc-prevention structure
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JPS5787029A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-05-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current limiting device
JPS5787033A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-05-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current limiting device
FR2511185A1 (fr) * 1981-08-07 1983-02-11 Telemecanique Electrique Dispositif automatique de limitation de courants de court-circuit
US4426562A (en) * 1981-10-06 1984-01-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Rotary switch for switching very large DC currents

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3823790A1 (de) * 1988-07-14 1990-01-18 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrisches installationsgeraet mit kontakttrennwand

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2540665A1 (fr) 1984-08-10
EP0118333A1 (de) 1984-09-12
NO840417L (no) 1984-08-06
DK50684D0 (da) 1984-02-03
ATE22503T1 (de) 1986-10-15
US4562323A (en) 1985-12-31
JPS59148220A (ja) 1984-08-24
NO161024B (no) 1989-03-13
ES529454A0 (es) 1984-10-01
DE118333T1 (de) 1984-12-20
ZA84797B (en) 1984-09-26
AU564257B2 (en) 1987-08-06
FR2540665B1 (fr) 1987-02-27
JPH0547926B2 (de) 1993-07-20
BR8400485A (pt) 1984-09-11
NO161024C (no) 1989-06-21
GR81697B (de) 1984-12-12
ES8500504A1 (es) 1984-10-01
CA1204136A (fr) 1986-05-06
DK50684A (da) 1984-08-05
DE3460784D1 (en) 1986-10-30
AU2396484A (en) 1984-08-09

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