EP0072968A2 - Installation pour le dépôt électrolytique de l'aluminium - Google Patents

Installation pour le dépôt électrolytique de l'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072968A2
EP0072968A2 EP82107241A EP82107241A EP0072968A2 EP 0072968 A2 EP0072968 A2 EP 0072968A2 EP 82107241 A EP82107241 A EP 82107241A EP 82107241 A EP82107241 A EP 82107241A EP 0072968 A2 EP0072968 A2 EP 0072968A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lock
liquid
trough
charging
carriers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82107241A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0072968A3 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Dr.Rer.Nat. Dipl.-Chem. Birkle
Johann Gehring
Klaus Ing.(grad.) Stöger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0072968A2 publication Critical patent/EP0072968A2/fr
Publication of EP0072968A3 publication Critical patent/EP0072968A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
    • C25D3/44—Aluminium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the galvanic deposition of aluminum from aprotic, oxygen-free and water-free aluminum-organic electrolytes, with an electroplating trough which is sealed off from the outside and can be acted upon with a protective gas, with an annularly closed electrolyte trough, and which is arranged within the electroplating trough and can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation
  • Contacting and holding device with supporting arms for hanging goods carriers rotating in a horizontal plane and a charging and decharging lock each arranged on the electroplating trough and containing a liquid lock, the goods carriers carrying the goods to be treated being conveyed by means of transport means via the charging lock into the electroplating trough and there delivered to the support arms of the contacting and holding device and after treatment of the goods removed from the supporting arms of the contacting and holding device and removed via the decharging lock are promoted and the goods carriers are provided with a horizontal transport rod, engage the catch hooks of the transport means and their ends are designed as
  • a device for aluminizing in which a lock system with a liquid lock is used to insert and remove the goods to be galvanized.
  • the too galvanic Sending goods are housed on a goods carrier, which is inserted with the help of an endless conveyor belt from an antechamber that can be flooded with inert gas, through the liquid lock into the electroplating trough and, after the electroplating, is removed again in the opposite direction using the same conveyor belt.
  • a disadvantage of this known device is that the electrolyte is carried away considerably from the electrolyte trough into the liquid lock.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a device of the type described in the introduction in such a way that the throughput can not only be increased, but can even be multiplied, using relatively simple means.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the electrolyte trough is subdivided into a plurality of sub-cells arranged concentrically to one another and the transport means for the insertion and removal of the product carriers are designed such that a number of product carriers corresponding to the sub-cells is simultaneously delivered via the charging or Dechargierschleuse can be transported in and out of the sub-cells.
  • the turnover can be at least doubled when only two ring cells are used, while the structural outlay does not increase to the extent by far because the outlay for the mechanically rotating parts, which are expensive per se, is far from being to the extent increases like the doubling of sales.
  • the product carriers are designed as antechambers Entry and exit shafts can be inserted or removed into the liquid lock of the charging or decharging lock, the goods carriers preferably being simultaneously deliverable to a means of transport running horizontally in the liquid locks and being conveyed by this through the liquid locks to export openings to which the main chamber connected.
  • the liquid locks and the transport means can be designed so that several goods racks can be stored in the liquid locks.
  • the main chambers extending over the outlet openings of the liquid locks each have at least one horizontally movable transport carriage, on which hooks movable in the vertical direction are provided for removing or receiving the goods carriers located in the liquid locks, and that the goods carriers are moved over with the help of the transport carriage the partial cells to be loaded can be brought in and lowered or lifted out into them.
  • closure plates can be coupled to the trolleys of the main chambers, which are adapted to the cross section of the main lock extending over the sub-cells, so that condensing electrolyte cannot get into the charging and decharging lock.
  • the closure plates are suspended from a transport carriage which can be coupled to the transport carriage of the main chamber via the holding magnet of a magnetic coupling and which is stopped when the closing plate is moved into the position to be transported with the aid of appropriate stops by overcoming the magnetic force of the holding magnets.
  • the inlet and outlet shafts of the charging and decharging locks are each provided with a suction.
  • the inlet and outlet shafts of the charging or decharging lock can each be provided with a nozzle ring for blowing in warm air.
  • a galvanizing trough which is designed as a double ring cell.
  • This double ring cell works on the same principle as the ring cell described in the earlier application DE-OS 30 44 975.
  • a slip ring housing of the double ring cell 1 is designated.
  • 3 generally designates a charging lock which has a liquid lock 4 which is connected to the electroplating trough 1 via a main chamber 5 designed as a gas lock.
  • the product carriers are introduced into the liquid lock 4 via the antechambers 6, which are designed as insertion shafts.
  • the product carriers are removed from the electroplating tank via a De charging lock 7, which also has a liquid lock 8, which is connected to the electroplating tank 1 via a main chamber 9 serving as a gas lock.
  • the product carriers are removed from the liquid lock 8 via export chutes 10 designed as prechambers.
  • the product carriers removed from the electroplating trough 1 are expediently cleaned of adhering electrolytes by being immersed in a washing bath 11.
  • two import and two export shafts 6 and 10 are provided, which means that the plating tray 1 can be loaded simultaneously with two goods racks, which at least doubles the turnover of the in the older patent application P 30 44 975.3 means described facility.
  • the device Dechargierschleuse 7 is opposite to the charging sluice 3 offset by 180 0th It is quite conceivable that the decharging lock 7 has a different angle with respect to the charging lock 3, for example an angle of 90 ° or 270 °. Between these two angles, all those in between are possible, but a multiple of the division of the support arms of the contacting and holding device is preferably always taken so that the electroplating trough 1 can be both loaded and emptied with product carriers during the standstill.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electroplating trough 1 on an enlarged scale, only the details necessary for understanding the invention being shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the electroplating trough of the device shown consists of an annular and rotationally symmetrical Ele ktrolyttrog 12, an upper end cover 13 and a lower end cover 14.
  • the electrolyte trough 12 can be provided in a manner known per se with a corresponding external heating.
  • the electroplating tub is divided by enamelled sheets 15 into two sub-cells 16 and 17 arranged concentrically to one another, 16 denoting the inner and 17 the outer sub-cell.
  • the enamelled sheets 15 are arranged concentrically with the cylindrical inner and outer walls of the electroplating trough 12, as shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the electrolyte tank 12 rests on a POTEST 18. Due to the different heights of the cylindrical outer and inner walls of the E l ektrolyttroges 12 is formed in the electroplating tank 1 a free space between the upper end cover 13 and the lower end cap 14. This free space is for accommodating a total of 19 designated contacting and holding device provided.
  • the contacting and holding device 19 consists of a rotor 20, which has a total of 12 equally spaced support arms 21, as shown in particular in FIG. 2b.
  • Each of the support arms 21 has two fork-shaped cathode arms 22 which are provided with receiving pieces 23 and 24 in the middle and at the end. In. 5a and 5b, these receptacles are shown enlarged.
  • the contact pad 25 consist of a contact pad 25 which are fastened by means of screws 26 and 27 with the interposition of insulating pieces 28 and 29 on a support 30 connected to the cathode arm 22. As can be seen from FIG. 5a, the two screws 26 and 27 are guided through the carrier 30 with the aid of insulating sleeves 3 1 .
  • the screw 27 is used to connect a cathode line 32, which is guided via the cathode arm 22 through the arms 21 to the corresponding slip ring in the slip ring housing 2.
  • the contact pad 25 has a V-shaped profile for receiving a support and contact rod 33 of a product carrier 34.
  • the goods carriers 34 located in the outer partial cell 17 are made wider than those located in the inner partial cell 16, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2b. It can be seen from this that the distance between the receiving pieces 23 is smaller than the distance between the receiving pieces 24 for the goods carrier 34 mounted on the outside.
  • the rotor 20 is rotatably supported by means of a shaft 35 in a bearing stand 36 which is fixedly arranged between an upper plate of the platform 18 and the lower end cover 14.
  • the lower end of the shaft 35 is provided with a sprocket 37, which is in drive connection with a motor pinion 39 of a motor 40 via a drive chain 38.
  • the motor 40 is preferably of explosion-proof design.
  • each of the 12 support arms 21 or the corresponding cathode arms 22 has a separate cathode line 32, which are guided to slip rings which can be driven by the shaft 35 and which are accommodated in the slip ring housing 2. These slip rings are connected to the cathode of the power source via carbon brushes, not shown in the drawing.
  • the triangular profile of the contact pad 25 at the fork-shaped ends of the cathode arms 22 favors the current transfer to the product carriers 34.
  • the goods carrier 34 itself can consist of a type of frame in which the workpieces to be aluminized are fastened, for example with the aid of electrically conductive holding wires.
  • the workpieces may thus by the rotary movement of the contactor and holding device 19 on a circular orbit by a in which E l ektrolyttrog 12 located electrolyte are guided.
  • Segment-shaped anode plates 41 and 42 are provided in outer and inner rings at equal distances from the orbit of the goods carriers 34a and 34b.
  • outer anode plates 41 compared to the inner anodes p plates 42 considerably larger and thus are heavier, they are divided and hang together on a bracket 43, the ends of which are led out of the electrolyte trough 12 via insulating intermediate pieces 44.
  • the inner anode plates 42 are made in one piece and hang from a bracket 45, the ends of which are led out of the electroplating trough 12 via insulating intermediate pieces 46.
  • the power supply to the outer and inner anode plates 41 and 42 takes place in a manner customary in electroplating, for example via cables.
  • the electrolyte trough 12 is subdivided into two ring-shaped partial cells 16 and 17, this subdivision being carried out with the aid of enamelled sheets 15 which are held with the aid of columns 47, which at the same time also hold the anode plates 41 and 42 assigned anode plates 48 and 49 serve.
  • the anode plates 48 and 49 are of split design because of their size and weight.
  • the columns 47 are fastened in the bottom of the electrolyte trough 12 with the aid of tension screws 50, specifically via insulating intermediate pieces 51, as shown in particular in FIG. 3a.
  • the tension screws 50 are also guided through the bottom of the electrolyte trough 12, since the end of the tension screws 50 serves as an anode connection, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the columns 47 themselves consist of a steel tube 52 which serves as a spacer. It is surrounded by an insulation tube 53.
  • an electrically conductive washer 54 which has, on opposite sides, tappets 55 to which retaining straps 56 and 57 made of conductive material are fastened, to which in turn the anode plates 48 and 49 are fastened, for example by hanging.
  • the columns 47 also serve to fasten the enamelled sheets 15, which are inserted into grooves 58 of the insulation tubes 53.
  • the enamelled sheets 15 not only serve to form the individual cells, but also galvanically shield the bathrooms from one another.
  • the electroplating trough 1 is acted upon by a dry protective gas, for example N 2 , which is supplied, for example, through a connector 59 fitted in the upper end cover 13 and metered in such a way that it is always under a slight excess pressure .
  • a dry protective gas for example N 2
  • the electroplating trough forms a space which is closed to the outside and is exposed to protective gas and which is only connected to the outside space via lock openings 60 and 61 and which are only used for introducing and removing the product carriers 34a and 34b.
  • the charging lock 3 and the decharging lock 7 directly adjoin these lock openings 60 and 61, as has already been mentioned in connection with FIGS. 1a and 1b.
  • the charging lock 3 and the decharging lock 7 contain, as the most important part, a liquid lock 4 and 8, respectively, as are shown in more detail in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the liquid lock 4 is connected to the lock openings 60 via the main chamber 5 designed as a gas lock.
  • the main chamber 5 consists of a box-shaped structure 62 which is connected via a connecting shaft 63 to the upper end cover 13 of the electroplating trough 1 and via a connecting shaft 64 to a container of the liquid lock 4.
  • the box-shaped structure 62 can still have a container part 65 for a toluene bath in order to clean the goods to be introduced which are located on the goods carrier. If the goods and goods carriers are delivered clean, this container part 65 can be omitted, whereby the length of the box-shaped structure 62 is shortened accordingly.
  • a running rail 66 is fastened on both sides of the outer walls by means of spacers 67.
  • a carriage 68 is movable on the rails 66 with the aid of rollers 69.
  • a transport chain 70 is provided for driving the carriage, which is guided over deflection rollers 71 and 72.
  • the deflection roller 72 is fastened on a drivable shaft 73.
  • An arrow 74 indicates that the shaft 73 and thus the carriage 68 can be moved in both directions.
  • a pair of sprockets 77 and 78 are fastened to the carriage 68 on two shafts 75 and 76, via which conveyor chains 79 and 80 are guided, which are connected to one another via brackets 81 and 82.
  • Hooks 83 and 84 are fastened to the brackets 81 and 82 and serve to carry the goods carriers 34a and 34b.
  • the free end of the transport chains 79 and 80 is connected to goods carrier transport rollers 85 and 86, respectively.
  • the spacing of the shafts 75 and 76 on the carriage 68 is such that the goods racks 34a and 34b can be fed to the electroplating trough at the same time, so that the electroplating trough can be loaded with product carriers 34 in pairs. Since when the goods carriers 34a and 34b are moved into the position shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, these vibrations can execute, which could make it difficult to insert them exactly into the electroplating trough 1 and place them on the receiving pieces 23 and 24, 68 struts 87 can be attached to the carriage, to which guides 88 are provided for the goods racks 34. This is shown in detail in FIG. 6d. In Figure 6c these guides are shown only for the goods rack 34a.
  • FIG. 8 shows the liquid lock with the entry shafts 6.
  • a liquid 91 for example toluene, is located in a container 90 which is closed on all sides.
  • the level of the liquid 91 is indicated by a dashed line 92.
  • the inlet shafts 6 are provided with connecting pieces 93 which are immersed below the level 92 of the liquid 91.
  • the level 92 of the liquid 91 must always be regulated so that the openings of the connecting pieces 93 never emerge from the liquid level.
  • the inlet ports 6 are provided with a nozzle ring 94, through which warm air is blown.
  • a corresponding nozzle ring 95 can be provided at the upper end of the insertion shafts 6, but it is not used for blowing in, but for sucking off.
  • Endless transport chains 96 are provided in the container 90 and are guided over chain wheels 97 and 98.
  • the sprockets 97 and 98 are fastened to shafts 99 and 100, which are mounted outside the container 90, the shaft 100 being movable via a drive connector 101. It is sufficient if the motor driving the drive connector 101 only rotates in one direction of rotation, since the transport chains 96 are endless. Under certain circumstances, it may be expedient that the product carriers 34 can also be removed via the charging lock 3; then it is necessary that the drive motor can be switched in the direction of rotation.
  • the lock arrangement Both as a charging and decharging lock can be used, which can significantly reduce the effort.
  • the lock openings 61 in the upper end cover 13 remain closed.
  • the advantage of this design is that the space for setting up the device requires much less space than when using your own decharging lock. Contamination of the liquid lock 4 when using the charging lock 3 at the same time as a decharging lock is avoided in that the container part 65 is provided for the toluene band, in which the electrolyte still adhering to the goods can be removed.
  • the goods carriers 34 are loaded without using this toluene bath, which of course presupposes thorough cleaning of the goods and goods carriers beforehand, a condition that is practically always present.
  • FIG. 7 shows the design of a main chamber 9 or decharging lock 7, which has essentially the same structure as the main chamber 5 of the charging lock 3 according to FIG. 6.
  • a lock housing 102 is correspondingly one formed frame 1 03 formed, on which a toluene wash bath containing container 104 is suspended and attached gas-tight at 105.
  • a carriage 106 which is designed in the same way as the carriage 68 according to FIG. 6, is actuated via a drawstring 107 by a carriage conveyor roller 108 or at the other end by a carriage conveyor roller 109.
  • Transport hooks 110 and 111 for the removal of the goods racks 34a and 34b are also operated in a similar manner.
  • two closing plates 112 and 113 are provided in the main chamber 9 of the decoupling lock according to FIG Transport trolleys 114 and 115 are mounted.
  • the sealing plates 11 2 and 113 have the dimensions of the clear interior of the lock housing 102 and serve to keep the electrolyte vapors from the electroplating trough 1 away from the liquid lock 8, which condense on the latter through the relatively large housings 62 and 102, respectively. Since the closure plates 112 and 113 are movable with the carriage 106, they are designed as perforated plates to reduce the air resistance.
  • the transport carriages 114 and 115 are provided on the sides facing the carriage 106 with holding magnets 116 and 117, which interact with soft iron plates 118 arranged on the end face of the carriage 106.
  • the transport carriage 115 of the closure plate 112 is coupled to the carriage 106. If the carriage is moved to the left in relation to FIG. 7, the closing plate 112 is taken along until. it abuts a stop frame 119a and remains in this position when the carriage 106 is moved on.
  • the connecting frame assigned to the closing plate 113 ′ is designated by 119b.
  • the product carriers 34a and 34b can be lowered into the toluene washing bath located in the container 104. After cleaning, the goods carriers 34a and 34b are pulled up again and moved further, as a result of which the left soft iron plate 118 on the transport carriage 106 comes into contact with the holding magnet 116. Irrespective of this, the transport carriage 114, which carries the closure plate 11.3, is moved further by the carriage 106, namely over the outlet openings 120 of the liquid lock 8 according to FIG. 9.
  • the main chamber according to FIG. 9 also has a connecting shaft 121 which can be placed on the outlet openings 120 is.
  • the liquid lock 8 is completely identical as the liquid lock 3, so that a further description is unnecessary.
  • the product carriers 34a and 34b are thus placed in pairs on the transport chain 122 and removed from the latter via the export chutes 10, which are equipped in the same way as the import chutes 6 with nozzle rings 123 and 124, through which warm air is blown in or air is extracted.
  • the export chutes 10, like the container 125 of the liquid lock 8, are under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the transport devices in the liquid locks 4 and 8 of the charging lock 3 and the decharging lock 7 are designed such that a plurality of goods carriers 34 can be stored therein at the same time, so that the required stock of goods carriers is always available.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP82107241A 1981-08-21 1982-08-10 Installation pour le dépôt électrolytique de l'aluminium Withdrawn EP0072968A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813133232 DE3133232A1 (de) 1981-08-21 1981-08-21 Vorrichtung zum galvanischen abscheiden von aluminium
DE3133232 1981-08-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072968A2 true EP0072968A2 (fr) 1983-03-02
EP0072968A3 EP0072968A3 (fr) 1983-04-13

Family

ID=6139865

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82107241A Withdrawn EP0072968A3 (fr) 1981-08-21 1982-08-10 Installation pour le dépôt électrolytique de l'aluminium

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4399018A (fr)
EP (1) EP0072968A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5839799A (fr)
DD (1) DD202460A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3133232A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK374382A (fr)
FI (1) FI822900L (fr)
NO (1) NO822203L (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006002969A2 (fr) 2004-07-01 2006-01-12 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour traiter chimiquement et electroniquement des pieces

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3231855A1 (de) * 1982-08-26 1984-03-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung zum galvanischen abscheiden von aluminium
BR8205832A (pt) * 1982-10-05 1984-05-08 Bruno De Otero Hermany Nadadeira
US4521497A (en) * 1984-05-18 1985-06-04 Lth Associates, Ltd. Electrochemical generators and method for the operation thereof
FI78197C (fi) * 1985-10-11 1989-06-12 Lth Associates Ltd ELEKTROKEMISK GENERATOR. SIIRRETTY PAEIVAEMAEAERAE-FOERSKJUTET DATUM PL 14 ç 17.10.85.
JPS6294307A (ja) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-30 バブコツク日立株式会社 ハニカム強化方法
EP1510600A1 (fr) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-02 Aluminal Oberflächtentechnik GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif pour le revêtement de métal et alliages de métaux à partir d'électrolytes organométalliques
US8241472B2 (en) * 2008-02-07 2012-08-14 Shmuel Altman Cleaning, pickling and electroplating apparatus
WO2009143426A1 (fr) * 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Shmuel Altman Appareil de nettoyage, de décapage et de dépôt électrochimique

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2623788A1 (de) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-08 Siemens Ag Galvanische anlage mit metallabscheidenden baedern, die in zwei zueinander parallel verlaufenden badreihen angeordnet sind
FR2387301A1 (fr) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-10 Siemens Ag Dispositif pour realiser le depot galvanique d'aluminium

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2901586A1 (de) * 1979-01-17 1980-07-31 Montblanc Simplo Gmbh Aluminierzelle
DE3044975C2 (de) * 1980-11-28 1985-10-31 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2623788A1 (de) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-08 Siemens Ag Galvanische anlage mit metallabscheidenden baedern, die in zwei zueinander parallel verlaufenden badreihen angeordnet sind
FR2387301A1 (fr) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-10 Siemens Ag Dispositif pour realiser le depot galvanique d'aluminium

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006002969A2 (fr) 2004-07-01 2006-01-12 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour traiter chimiquement et electroniquement des pieces
WO2006002969A3 (fr) * 2004-07-01 2007-03-22 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour traiter chimiquement et electroniquement des pieces
US8656858B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2014-02-25 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Device and method for chemically and electrolytically treating work pieces using a conveyor system to transport work pieces between treatment tanks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0072968A3 (fr) 1983-04-13
FI822900L (fi) 1983-02-22
DK374382A (da) 1983-02-22
FI822900A0 (fi) 1982-08-20
DE3133232A1 (de) 1983-03-10
NO822203L (no) 1983-02-22
DD202460A5 (de) 1983-09-14
JPS5839799A (ja) 1983-03-08
US4399018A (en) 1983-08-16

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