EP0072839B1

EP0072839B1 - Variable building construction

Info

Publication number: EP0072839B1
Application number: EP82900656A
Authority: EP
Inventors: István DOBOS; Gyula Kovacs; Vilmos Szanto; Károly VAMOS
Original assignee: FERUNION MUSZAKI KULKERESKEDELMI VALLALAT; Familit Epito Egyesueles
Current assignee: Familit Epitoe Egyesueles Te Debrecen Hongarije
Priority date: 1981-02-19
Filing date: 1982-02-19
Publication date: 1985-07-24
Also published as: WO1982002915A1; DE3264823D1; JPS58500207A; HU183339B; EP0072839A4; EP0072839A1

Abstract

Variable building construction for buildings with a small number of stories having a foundation, holders for space limiting and space dividing panels, platform and space covering members and the building construction being mounted together from panels by way of detachable connection. For the variable building construction longitudinal beams (1a), cross-beams (1 b) forming frame (1), limiting plates (2) made of non-comburent material on silicate base, connecting groove (4) being formed along the circumference of the panels, slat (7) being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) of the adjacent panels, an upper floor beam (21), a bottom sill (23) and auxiliary connecting members, angle stanchions (13) are provided.

Description

The invention relates to a variable building ' construction which can preferably be used for buildings with small number of stories, e.g. for family houses, terrace houses or row houses, . communal buildings such as nurseries, garages, but for garret-space flats, too.
Known types of variable building constructions of this kind have a foundation, outer wall and m room dividing panels and holders for them as well as bottom and room ceiling members. The outer wall, room dividing, room ceiling and bottom members are formed as panels having the same dimensions as a basic module. They can eventually have openings for doors and/or windows. The panels for the same purpose and with the same function are interchangeable. They are provided with parts and/or with auxiliary elements for connecting the adjacent panels. The prior art panels are formed as sandwich-type elements having an intermediate layer, preferably for heat insulation, which is arranged between two stable covering plates. The covering plates and the intermediate layer are mounted together by means of a frame made of longitudinal beams and cross-beams. These metallic beams may have a U-like cross section to receive a wooden feather ledge for connecting adjacent outer wall panels (FR-A-1 500 972) by a groove-feather connection and serve at the same time as the load bearing structure of the panels.
In another known building construction of this kind (DE-A-1 214 855) the frames are made of wood and formed with a circumferential groove to receive a feather ledge along the longitudinal beams of adjacent outer wall panels and the T-rib of an upper metallic beam of T-shaped cross section and a feather rib of a lower wooden transom, respectively, along the cross-beams of the frames. In this construction, the vertical corners of the building are realised by posts formed with feather ledges for insertion into the grooves of the longitudinal beams of the contiguous outer wall panels. The upper metallic beams consist of different beam sections which are braced with each other for a mutual tight bracing of the outer wall panels.
Further, a variable building construction according to the introduction part of claim 1 is known (DE-A-1434002) in which the cover plates of the outer wall panels can be made of asbestos cement and the cross-beams and longitudinal beams forming the frames of the panels are made of a plastic material reinforced by fibres. The upper beams form a connecting frame at the circumference of the building to hold the outer walls constructed by the outer wall panels together. The contiguous panels at the vertical corners of the building are assembled by a corner bond without using outer corner posts. The grooves of the panels extending continuously even round the panel corners, the panels set on the lower transoms can be displaced in the longitudinal direction thereof and are not held in a defined position during the erection of the building. Accordingly, an additional mounting and bracing construction is required for the erection of the building for a close assemblance of the outer wall panels.
The main object of the invention is to develop a variable building construction with elements having small weight and providing the possibility of easy transporting, manufacturing, mounting and handling.
According to the invention, this object is met by the features in claim 1. Claim 2 gives an embodiment of the invention.
The load bearing structure, i.e. the frame, and the cover walls of the panels are made of a light-weight material on silicate base, preferably of cement, perlite and asbestos by casting, to enable an easy handling of the panels and a use of additional fasteners like woodscrews and to increase the resistivity against fungus, rodents and other parasites, against humidity and other atmospherical influences. Further, the panels of the outer walls, the room dividing walls and the ceiling wall all are manufactured and built together in the same structural way.
Further by forming the fixing seats in the upper beam and in the lower transom for engaging the longitudinal beams of adjacent frames of the outer wall panels, the panels can firmly be assembled in their definite position during the erection of the building. These fixing seats can be formed by eliminating or removing a given part of the ribs of the upper guide beams and of the lower transoms engaging into the connecting groove. The dimension of the fixing seats in the longitudinal direction of the upper beam and of the lower transom corresponds to the common cross- sectional dimension of the longitudinal beams of the panels to be seated in this longitudinal direction.
The invention will further be described hereinafter with reference to the attached drawing, in connection with pre-exemplified embodiments.
In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front view of a panel of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section along line II-II in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows a cross-section along line III-III in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplified embodiment of the outer wall panel of this invention.
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that in Fig. 4, however, in the case of another embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the room dividing panel of this invention.
Fig. 7 is another embodiment of the room dividing panel of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 illustrates the joints of the room dividing panels.
Fig. 9 is a view similar to that in Fig. 8, however, in the case of outer wall panels.
Fig. 10 shows a joint of outer wall panels and a room dividing panel.
Fig. 11 is a view of the perpendicular joint of outer wall panels.
Fig. 12 shows a connection of an outer wall panel and the foundation.
Fig. 13 shows the joint of an outer wall panel and a room ceiling panel.
Fig. 14 shows the joint of a room dividing panel and room ceiling panels.

In fig. 1, a front view of an outer wall panel K can be seen. This outer wall panel K has a frame (1a, 1b) formed as the load bearing structure of the panel and cover plates 2 fixed to the frame (figs. 2, 3). The frame is constructed with longitudinal beams 1a and crossbeams 1b. Between the cover plates 2, insulating layer 3, and along the inner side of one of cover plates 2 at least one layer 5 against steam condensation are arranged.
According to the exemplified embodiment shown in the drawings, outer cover plate 2 of outer wall panel K is coated with a water impermeable plastic coating 6. As shown in fig. 3, the longitudinal beams 1 a of the panels have a connecting groove 4 formed by the longitudinal beams 1a having a U-like cross-section. These connecting grooves 4 of adjacent panels form a ditch-like closed space.
As shown in fig. 1, a rib 20a of lower transom 20 projects into crossbeam 1b which has similarly a U-like cross-section. Thus, the panel is fixed in its position. One can also see in fig. 1, that a part of rib 20a is removed where a fixing seat 24 is formed. The panel is erected for sitting in this fixing seat 24. In the fixing seat 24 there is a place enough for the longitudinal beams 1a a of adjacent panels.
In fig. 4, a cross-section of outer wall panel K is shown in a greater scale. On the outer side of longitudinal beams 1a having a U-like cross-section, cover plates 2 are placed. Both, frame 1a, 1b being the load bearing structure and cover plates 2 are made of a mixture of cement and asbestos, and eventually, perlite. Therefore, they have a small weight and can be processed in an easy way. Along the lower cover plate 2, a layer 5 against steam condensation is provided in the form of e.g. plastic or bituminous plate, whilst intermediate insulating layer 3 is formed as a foam e.g. on polystyrene base.
Outer wall panel K of fig. 5 has a similar structure as it is clearly apparent from fig. 5. There is a difference in the cross-section of longitudinal beam 1a: the U-like cross-section is substituted by a rectangular cross-section. In this case, auxiliary plates 2a are placed at the inside of cover plates 2 nearby to frame 1. The connecting groove 4 is formed in this case between auxiliary plates 2a projecting outwardly beyond frame, i.e. of longitudinal beams 1a.
In figs. 6 and 7, two embodiments of room dividing panels B are shown in a somewhat greater scale. In fig. 6, the beams 1a, 1b, of the frame have a U-like cross-section, whilst in fig. 7 they have a rectangular cross-section. Insulating layer 3 can be similar to that of outer wall panels K but here, it has the function of a silencer or sound lock rather than a heat insulator as with outer wall panel K. In the case of room dividing panels B, layer 5 against steam condensation is not needed.
In fig. 8, the joint of room dividing panels B are shown. Connecting groove 4 between longitudinal beams 1a of the frame of adjacent room dividing panels B are filled out by an inserted feather ledge 7, by means of which a force transmitting connection is provided between adjacent room dividing panels B.
Into connecting groove 4 a sealing or packing ribbon 8 is inserted beneath feather ledge 7, the interstices or joints between the edges of cover plates 2 of the adjacent panels are closed up by a sealing or packing strip 9. Inserted feather ledge 7 is here made of wood and sealing ribbon 8 and sealing strip 9 are made of plastic. The latter has an air-tightening function.
The joints of adjacent outer wall panels K shown in fig. 9 are principally the same as those of room dividing panels B. In the ditch-like connecting groove 4 formed between adjacent panels having longitudinal beams 1a a with U-like cross-section, feather ledge 7 and sealing ribbons 8 are inserted. Also the air-tight connection is provided with sealing strip 9 between adjacent cover plates 2 of the panels.
The outer wall panels K have a layer 5 against steam condensation and, on their outer surface, a water impermeable plastic coating 6, too. Plastic coating 6 is in most cases applied during the erection of the building, thus, the problem of joining plastic coating of adjacent panels does not arise.
In fig. 10, a junction of two adjacent outer wall panels K and a room dividing panel B is shown. Fig. 10 shows a horizontal cross-section of the junction. The one shown in fig. 9 is completed by a feather ledge 10 at the joint of inner cover plates 2 of outer wall panels K and inserted into the groove formed by longitudinal beam 1a of room dividing panel B.
Sealing ribbon 8 is also inserted here and the joints between room dividing panel B and outer panels K are covered by cover border 11. The cover borders 11 are fixed to longitudinal beams 1a of room limiting panels K by means of wood screws 12.
Since frames 1a, 1b and cover plates 2 made of a mixture of asbestos, cement and perlite can be treated as wood, nothing sets a bar of using screw-joints. Thus, wood screws 12 can be used for fixing the edges of cover plates 2 to frame 1a, 1 b and inserted feather ledge 7 as shown in fig. 9.
In fig. 11, a junction of two outer wall panels K perpendicular to each other can be seen. There is a need for a corner post 13 made of e.g. wood, to which longitudinal beams 1 a of outer wall panels K are fixed by means of wood screws 12. Since this is a perpendicular junction, cover border 11 can be used here, too.
As it is clearly apparent from fig. 12, outer wall panel K is connected to a foundation body 18 with the help of the lower transom 20. A rib 20a of lower transom 20 projects into cross-beam 1b, having a U-like cross-section, of outer wall panel K. To lower transom 20, an anchor member 15 is connected which is fixed in nest 17 formed in foundation body 18. Nest 17 is filled out after inserting anchor member 15 with a post- hardening material. Thus, a force transmitting connection is provided between outer wall panels K and foundation body 18.
Between foundation body 18 and lower transom 20, and equalizing layer or evener 27 can be inserted above layer 5 against steam condensation made of plastic or bituminous plate. The upper edge of foundation body 18 can be closed up by a rain shield 16 fixed to outer wall panel K and/or to lower transom 20.
An auxiliary bottom sill 23 can be arranged between the platform 22 of the building and the foundation body 18 if required, the form of which can correspond to the function of the building.
In fig. 13 a junction of outer wall panel K and a room ceiling panel L is illustrated in cross-section. Additionally, also the junction of two adjacent room ceiling panels L is shown. A rib 14a of upper guide beam 14 projects into longitudinal beam 1a of outer wall panel K.
Rib 14a has a manyfold function. At first, it prevents the horizontal displacement of outer wall panel K and, secondly, it also transfers the loads coming from room ceiling panels L. In the point of junction, a fixing member 19 made of metal of room ceiling panel L is provided, which blocks a lifting of room ceiling panel L.
The frames of room ceiling panels L are assembled from longitudinal beams 1a and cross- beams 1b having a rectangular cross-section. As with outer wall panels K and room dividing panels B, a force transmitting connection is provided between cross-beams 1 by means of inserted feather ledge 7. On the top of room ceiling panels L, a shell plating is arranged by an auxiliary insulating blanket 3a protected by an auxiliary layer 5a against steam condensation.
In fig. 14, the junction of room ceiling panels L and room dividing panels B is illustrated. Between adjacent room ceiling panels L, a ceiling beam 21 is arranged to which inner cover plates 2 of room ceiling panels L, feather ledge 10 of room dividing panel B and cover borders 11 a are fixed.
It is not shown in the drawing but it is valid to all figures that the cover plates 2 of the panels are fixed to the frames 1 a, 1 b by way of joint elements applicable from one side, e.g. by so-called pop- rivets, and/or by adhering.

Claims

1. Variable building construction for buildings with a small number of stories, comprising sandwich-type outer wall panels (K) of equal basis dimensions including a frame forming the load bearing structure of the panels (K) and being composed of cross-beams (1 b) along its shorter edges and of longitudinal beams (1a) along its longer edges, the frame being located between two stable cover plates (2) of a non-combustible light-weight material on silicate base, an intermediate layer (3) being placed between the cover plates (2), a connecting groove (4) being formed along the cross-beams (1b) and longitudinal beams (1a) at the circumference of the panels (K), adjacent panels (K) being connected to each other by a feather ledge (7) inserted into the connecting grooves (4) of adjacent panels (K) along their longitudinal beams, upper beams (14) by which the room ceiling is carried and lower transoms (20) supported by the fundamentation (18) of the building engaging into the grooves (4) of the panels (K) along the cross-beams (1 b) thereof, and sandwich-type room dividing walls in the building, characterized in that also the longitudinal beams (1a) and the cross-beams (1b) of the frames are made of said light-weight material on silicate base cutable like wood, that the upper beams (14) and the lower transoms (20) are of T-shape cross-section and engage with their T-rib (14a, 20a) into the groove (4) of the panels (K) along the cross-beams (1b) thereof and have recessed fixing seats (24) in their T-ribs (14a, 20a) for engaging the adjacent longitudinal beams (1a) of the frames of said adjacent panels (K), that at the vertical corners of the building posts (13) are arranged having feather ledges (10) to engage into the groove (4) along the longitudinal beams (1a) of the frames of the contiguous panels (K), and that the room dividing walls and the room ceiling also consist of panels (B, L) of equal base dimensions and of the kind of the outer wall panels (K), wherein feather ledges (10) are mounted to the ceiling panels (L) and the floor of the room and to the outer wall panels (K) to engage into the grooves (4) of the room dividing panels (B).

2. Variable building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealing ribbon (8) is inserted between the frames (1a, 1b) of the panels (B, K, L) and the feather ledges (7, 10) and T-ribs (14a, 20a), respectively.