EP0072839A4

EP0072839A4 - Variable building construction.

Info

Publication number: EP0072839A4
Application number: EP19820900656
Authority: EP
Inventors: Istvan Dobos; Gyula Kovacs; Vilmos Szanto; Karoly Vamos
Original assignee: "ERDERT" ERDOGAZDASAGI ES FAIPARI TERMEKEKET ERTEKESITO ES FELDOLGOZO VALLALAT; ERDERT ERDOGAZDASAGI ES FAIPAR
Current assignee: Familit Epitoe Egyesueles Te Debrecen Hongarije
Priority date: 1981-02-19
Filing date: 1982-02-19
Publication date: 1983-07-04
Also published as: WO1982002915A1; JPS58500207A; DE3264823D1; HU183339B; EP0072839B1; EP0072839A1

Abstract

Variable building construction for buildings with a small number of stories having a foundation, holders for space limiting and space dividing panels, platform and space covering members and the building construction being mounted together from panels by way of detachable connection. For the variable building construction longitudinal beams (1a), cross-beams (1 b) forming frame (1), limiting plates (2) made of non-comburent material on silicate base, connecting groove (4) being formed along the circumference of the panels, slat (7) being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) of the adjacent panels, an upper floor beam (21), a bottom sill (23) and auxiliary connecting members, angle stanchions (13) are provided.

Description

Variable Building Construction

The invention relates to a variable building construction which can preferably be used for buildings with small number of stories, e.g. for family houses, terrace houses or row houses, communal buildings such as nurseries, garages, but for garret-space flats, too.

The known types of these variable building constructions have a foundation, space limiting and space dividing panels and holders for them as well as platform and space covering members, too. The space limiting, space dividing, space covering and platform members are formed as panels having the same measurements as a basic module. They can eventually have openings for doors and/or windows, too. The panels for the same purpose and with the same function are interchangeable. They are provided with parts and/or with auxiliary elements for connecting the adjacent panels. The panels in the previously known solutions axe formed as sandwich-type elements having an intermediate layer, preferably for heat insulation which are arranged between two stable limiting plates. The limiting plates and the intermediate layer are mounted together with the aid of a frame made of longitudinal beams and cross-beams. These beams have a U-like cross section and serve at the same time as the load bearing structure of the panels. The known building constructions are mounted together from such panels by way of detachable connection, thus, the variability of the building structure is provided.

For buildings with small number of stories, especially for simple communal buildings, ancillary or subsidiary buildings, for week-end houses, the possibility of simple and quick erection with little work is highly wanted. These houses were in the past built by traditional technology, from brick.

The houses built as mentioned above are made for eternity, they cannot be broken down and built up on an other place. When these houses are broken down, they are demolished and even the building material contained in it cannot be used for further purposes.

For meeting these demands, prefabricated panels made usually of concrete or more rarely of metal are used in ever increasing circle for buildings mentioned in the introduction, especially for motels, nurseries, garages and other service or communal buildings. The houses can be erected by using these panels with small work demand, quickly and they can be demounted in a quiet, easy way and with a small danger of demolishing them.

However, the known types of prefabricated panels cannot be formed according to the required measurements on the spot of building. The panels made of concrete, further, have a considerable weight which makes difficult the transport as well as the mounting of these panels. For these buildings a strong foundation and high-power building machines are required.

The panels made of metal can easily be moved, have a small weight relative to their load bearing capacity, for their fabrication, however, great skill, good tools and machine are required.

Therefore, the panels made of wood can even nowadays find application for the buildings mentioned in the introduction, since they have a small weight, can easily be fabricated and mounted.

With the wood material, however, arises the difficulty of the little resistance against humidity, fungus and other parasites. The load bearing structures made of wood must be treated during their whole life with chemicals for the protection of their substance which means additional costs

Thus, the main object of our invention is to eliminate the above mentioned defficiencies in connection with the known types of variable building constructions and to develop a structure with elements having small weight and providing the possibility of easy transporting, manufacturing, mounting and handling.

Further object of this invention is to increase the resistance against fungus, rodents and other parasites, against humidity and other atmospherical influences.

Another object of our invention is to provide the possibility, of easy demounting without the danger of damaging the elements. Furthermore, the elements should be manufactured and built together in the same structural way.

For our invention, the idea serves as basis that the load bearing structure, the frame and the limiting walls of the elements should be made on silicate base, preferably of cement, pearlite and asbestos by casting, and, furthermore, the panels should be formed as panels with unified measurements.

The development, that is the invention itself is in that the longitudinal beams and. the cross beams, which form together the frame, as well as the limiting plates of the panels are made of non-comburent material on silicate base which is resistance against fungus, insects, parasites and atmospherical influences. The panels have cement as binder and are cutable like wood and are preferably made by mould casting. Along the circumference of the panels, a connecting groove is formed by emerging the limiting plates out of the frame or by arranging the longitudinal beams and the cross-beams having a U-like cross-section so that the U is outwardly open. The adjacent panels are connected to each other by the help of connecting grooves shaped for this purpose. Into these connecting grooves of the adjacent panels, a lath or slat is inserted along the longitudinal beams. Into the connecting grooves along the cross-beams of the panels , an upper guide beam on the top of the panel and a lower transom on the bottom of it are inserted for guiding the longitudinal cross-beams and, thus , preventing the horizontal displacement of the panel and for spreading the load coming from space covering panel on the foundation body and, at the same time, tackling the longitudinal beams of the panel. The upper guide beam and the lower transom have preferably a T-like cross-section.

Along the shorter circumferential edges of the panels, an upper floor beam and for the connection with the space covering panels and an auxiliary bottom sill for the connection with the platform of the building and/or with the foundation body as well as auxiliary connecting members such as angle stanchions and/or auxiliary groove laths are provided at the connection of the space limiting panels to each other in different planes or to the space dividing panels, and, preferably, at the connection of the space dividing panels to each other along a vertical edge.

In a preferred embodiment according to our invention, a fixing nest is formed in the upper guide beam and in the lower transom for engaging and tackling the longitudinal beams of the frames of the space limiting panels. These fixing nests can be formed by eliminating or removing a given part of ribs of the upper guide beams and the lower transoms engaging with the connecting groove.

Preferably, the measurement in direction of the fixing nest of the upper guide beam or in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the lower transom corresponds to the common cross-sectional measurement of the longitudinal beams of the panels to be tackled.

In another embodiment, the limiting plates of the panels can be fixed to the frames by way of joint elements applicable from one side, e.g. of so called pop-rivets and/or of adhering.

For better isolation, a sealing ribbon can be inserted according to the invention between the vertical members of the frames and the laths or the groove laths and between, the horizontal members of the frames and the ribs forming a groove lath of said upper guide beams and between the lower horizontal members of the frames and the ribs formed as groove laths of the lower transom, respectively. For the same purpose, the interstices or joints between the adjacent panels with the same function can be filled out by an air sealing strip, too.

According to a further embodiment of this invention, covers or headboards are arranged at the joints of the space limit ing panels to each other in different planes or to the space dividing panels or to the space covering panels as well as at the joints of space dividing panels to each other or to space covering panels, finally at the joints of the space limiting panels and the space dividing panels to the platform, respectively.

Furthermore, a layer against steam condensation and, preferably, a water impermeable coating such as an impermeable plastening are provided on the space limiting panels and the space covering panels.

Finally, the platform and the lower transom of the space limiting panels can be fixed by way of anchor members to the foundation body.

Further objects and aspects of our invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the attached drawing in connection with pre-exemplified embodiments. In the drawing

Fig. 1 is a side view of a panel in this invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section along line II-II in Fig.1 Fig. 3 shows a cross-section along line III-III in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplified embodiment of the space limiting panel in this invention.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4, however, in the case of another embodiment. Fig. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the space dividing panel in this invention. Fig. 7 is another embodiment of the space dividing panel of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 illustrates the joints of the space dividing panels in this invention. Fig. 9 is a view similar to that in Fig. 8, however, in the case of space limiting panels. Fig. 10 shows the joint of the space, limiting and the space dividing panels.

Fig. 11 is a view of the perpendicular joint of space limiting panels. Fig. 12 shows the connection of the space dividing panel and the foundation.

Fig. 13 shows the joint of the space limiting panel and the space covering panel.

Fig. 14 shows the joint of the space dividing panel and the space covering panel.

In Fig. 1, a side view of a space limiting panel K can be seen. This space limiting panel K has a frame 1 formed as the load bearing structure of the panel and limiting plates 2 fixed to the frame 1 /Figs. 2, 3/. The frame 1 is, constructed from longitudinal beams 1a and from cross-beams 1b. Between limiting plates 2, insulating blanket 3 and along the inner side of one of limiting plates 2 at least one layer 5 against steam condensation is arranged.

According to the exemplified embodiment shown in the Figures, outer limiting plate 2 of space limiting panel K is coated with a water impermeable plastening 6. As shown in Fig. 3, the longitudinal beams 1a of the panels have a connecting groove 4 formed by the longitudinal beams 1a having a U-like cross-section. These connecting grooves 4 of adjacent panels form a ditch-like closed space.

As shown in Fig. 1, a rib 20a of lower transom 20 penetrates into cross-beam 1b which has similarly a U-like cross-section. Thus, the panel is fixed in its position. One can see on Fig. 1, too, that a part of rib 20a is removed where a fixing nest or tailing 24 is formed. The panel is erected for sitting in this fixing nest 24. In the fixing nest 24 there is a place enough for longitudinal beams 1a of the adjacent panels. In Fig. 4, a magnified cross-section of space limiting panel K is shown. On the outer side of longitudinal beams 1a having a U-like cross-section, limiting plates 2 are laid on. Both frame 1 being the load bearing structure and limiting plates 2 are made of a mixture of cement and asbestos, and, eventually, pearlite. Therefore, they have a small weight and can be processed in an easy way. Along the lower limiting plate 2, a layer against steam condensation is provided in the form of e.g. plastic or bituminous plate whilst insulating blanket 3 is formed as a foam e.g. on polystyrene base.

Space limiting panel K has a similar structure as it is clearly apparent from Fig. 5. There is a difference in the cross-section of longitudinal beam la: the U-like cross-section is substituted by a rectangular parallelogram. In this case, auxiliary plates 2a are arranged at the inside of limiting plates 2 nearby to frame 1. The connectinggroove 4 is formed in this case between auxiliary plates 2a emerging out of frame 1, i.e. of longitudinal beams 1a.

In Figs. 6. and 7, two embodiments of space dividing panels B are shown, somewhat magnified. In Fig. 6, the beams of frame 1 have a U-like cross-section, whilst in Fig. 7 they have a rectangular parallelogram cross-section. Insulating blanket 3 can be similar to that of space limiting panels but here, it has the function of a silencer or sound lock rather than a heat insulator as with space limiting panel K. In the case of space dividing panels B, layer 5 against steam condensation is not needed.

In Fig. 8, the joint of space dividing panels B are shown to each other, somewhat magnified. Connecting groove 4 between longitudinal beams 1a of frame 1 of adjacent space dividing panels B are filled out by an inserted lath or slat 7, by the way of which, a force transmitting connection is provided between adjacent space dividing panels B.

Into connecting groove 4, a sealing or packing ribbon 8 is inserted beneath lath 7, the interstices or joints between the edges of limiting plates 2 of the adjacent panels are closed up by a sealing or packing strip 9. Inserted lath 7 is made of wood here, and sealing ribbon 8 and sealing strip 9 are made of plastic. The latter has an air-tightening function.

The joints to each other of space dividing panels K shown in Fig. 9 have principally the same base as space dividing panels B. In the ditch-like connecting groove 4 formed between adjacent panels having longitudinal beams 1a with U-like cross-section, lath 7 and sealing ribbons 8 are inserted. Also the air-tight connection is provided with sealing strip 9 between adjacent limiting plates 2 of the panels.

The space limiting panels K have a layer 5 against steam condensation and, on their outer surface, a water impermeable plastening 6, too. Plastening 6 is in most cases applied during the manufacture in the premises, thus, the problem of connecting plastening 6 does not arise.

In Fig. 10, a point of junction is shown, wherein two adjacent space limiting panels K and a space dividing panel B are jointed. This is a horizontal cross-section of the point of junction. The one shown in Fig. 9 is completed by a groove lath or slat 10 inserted into a groove formed at the joint of inner limiting plates 2 of space limiting panels K and longitudinal beam 1a of space dividing panel B.

Sealing ribbon 8 is inserted here, too, and the joints between space dividing panel B and space limiting panels K are covered by cover or headboard 11. The covers 11 are fixed to longitudinal beams la of space limiting panels K with aid of wood screws 12.

Since frames 1 and limiting plates 2 made of a mixture of asbestos, cement and pearlite can be treated as wood, nothing sets a bar of using screwed joints. Thus, wood screws 12 can be used for fixing the edges of limiting plates 2 to frame 1 and inserted lath 7 as shown in Fig.9.

In Fig. 11, a junction of two space limiting panels K perpendicular to each other can be seen. There is a need for an angle stanchion or column 13 made of e.g. wood, to which longitudinal beams 1a of space limiting panels K are fixed by aid of wood screws 12. Since this is a perpendicular juntion, cover 11 can be used here, too.

As it is clearly apparent from Fig. 12, space limiting panel K is connected to a foundation body 18 with the help of a lower transom 20. A rib 20a of lower transom 20 penetrates into cross-beam 1b of space limiting panel K having a U-like cross-section. To lower transom 20, an anchor member 15 is connected which is fixed in nest 17 formed in foundation body 18. Nest 17 is filled out after inserting anchor member 15 with a post-hardening material.

Thus, a force transmitting connection is provided between space limiting panels K and foundation body 18.

Between foundation body 18 and lower transom 20, an equalizing layer or evener 27 can be inserted beneath layer 5 against steam condensation made of plastic or bituminous plate. The upper edge of foundation body 18 can be closed up by a rain shield 16 fixed to space limiting panel K and/or to lower transom 20. In Fig. 13 a junction of space limiting panel E and a space covering panel L is illustrated in cross-section. At the same time, the junction of two adjacent space covering panels L are shown, too. A rib 14a of upper guide beam 14 penetrates into longitudinal beam 1a of space limiting panel K.

Rib 14a has a manyfold function. At first, it prevents the horizontal displacement of space limiting panel K but, on the second hand, it transfers the loads coming from space covering panels L, too. In the point of junction, a fixing member 19 made of metal of space covering member L is provided, which blocks the lifting of space covering panel L.

Frames 1 of space covering panels 1 are assembled from longitudinal beams 1a and cross-beams 1b having a perpendicular parallelogram cross-section. As with space limiting panels K and space dividing panels B, a force transmitting connection is provided between cross-beams 1b with the help of inserted, laths 7. On the top of space covering panels L, a shell plating is arranged with the intervention of an auxiliary insulating blanket 3a protected by an auxiliary layer 5a against steam condensation.

In Fig. 14, the junction of space covering panels 1 and space dividing panels B is illustrated. Between adjacent space covering panels L, a floor beam 21 is arranged to which inner limiting plates 2 of space covering panels 1, groove laths 10 of space dividing panel B and covers 11a are fixed.

It is not shown in the drawing but it is valid to all Figures that the limiting plates 2 of the panels are fixed to the frames 1 by way of joint elements applicable from one side, e.g. of so called pop-rivets and/or of adhering.

In connection with Fig. 12 we draw the attention to the fact that an auxiliary bottom sill 23 can be arranged between the platform 22 of the building and the foundation body 18 if required, the form of which can correspond to the function of the building.

Claims

What we claim is :

1. Variable building construction for buildings with a small number of stories, e.g. for family houses, terrace houses or row houses, communal buildings such as motels, nurseries, garages, for garret-space flats, having a foundation, holders for space limiting and space dividing panels, as well as platform and space covering members, said space limiting, space dividing, space covering and platform members being panels built with the same measurements as a basic module and having eventually openings for doors and/or windows, the panels for the same purpose being interchangeable, further, having parts and/or auxiliary elements for connecting the adjacent panel, said panels being formed as sandwich-type elements having an intermediate layer, preferably heat insulating layer between two stable limiting plates, the limiting plates and the intermediate layer being frames into a frame made of longitudinal beams and cross-beams having a U-like cross-section and forming the load bearing structure of each of said panels, the building construction being mounted together from these panels by way of detachable connection, c ha r a c t e r i z e d in that the longitudinal beams (1a) and the cross beams (1b) forming said frame (1) as well as the limiting plates (2) of the panels being made of non-comburent material on silicate base being resistant against fungus and insects, preferably with cement binder and cutable like wood made preferably by mould casting; a connecting groove (4) being formed along the circumference of the panels by emerging said limiting plates (2) out of the frame (1) or by arranging the U-like cross section of said longitudinal beams (1a) and said cross-beams (1b) for being outwardly open, said connecting groove (4) being shaped for connecting the adjacent panels to each other; a lath or slat (7) being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) of the adjacent panels along their longitudinal beams (1a), an upper guide beam (14) on the top of the panels, as well as a lower transom (20) on the bottom of it being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) along the cross-beams (1b) of the panels, for guiding the longitudinal cross-beams (1b) and, thus, preventing the horizontal displacement of said panels and for spreading the load coming from space covering panel L on the foundation body (18) and, at the same time, tackling the longitudinal beam (1a) of the panel, preferably having a T-cross section; along the shorter circumferential edges of said space deviding panel (B) an upper floor beam (21) for the connection with said space covering panels (L) and an auxiliary bottom sill (23) for the connection with the platform (22) of the building and/or with the foundation body (18), as well as auxiliary connecting members such as angle stanchions (13) and/or auxiliary groove laths (10) being provided at the connection of space limiting panels (K) in different planes to each other or to the space dividing panels (B), and preferably, at the connection of the space dicing panels (B) to each other along a vertical edge.

2. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a fixing nest (24) being formed in the upper guide beam (14) and in the lower transom (20) for engaging and tackling the longitudinal beams (1a) of said frames (1) of said space limiting panels (K).

3. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said fixing nest (24) being provided by eliminating or removing a given part of ribs (14a, 20a) of said upper guide beam (14) and said lower transom (20) engaging with the connecting groove (4).

4. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the measurement in direction of the fixing nest (24) of said upper guide beam (14) or of the longitudinal axis of said lower transom (20) corresponding to the common cross-sectional measurement of the longitudinal beams (1a) of the panels to be tackled.

5. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the limiting plates (2) of said panels being fixed to the frames (1) by way of joint elements applicable from one side, preferably of so called pop-rivets and/or of adhering.

6. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 5, wherein a sealing ribbon (8) being inserted between the vertical members of the frames (1) and said laths (7) or said groove laths (10) and between the horizontal members of the frames (1) and theribs (14a) forming a groove lath of said upper guide beams (14), and between the lower horizontal members of the frames (1) and the ribs (20a) formed as a groove lath of said lower transoms (20), respectively.

7. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the interstices of joints between the adjacent panels with the same function being filled out by an air-sealing strip (9).

8. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 7, wherein covers or headboards (11) being arranged at the joints of the space limiting panels (K) to each other in different planes or to the space dividing panels (B) or to the space covering panels (L) as well as at the joints of space dividing panels (B) to each other or with space covering panels (L), finally at the joints of the space limiting panels (K) and the space dividing panels (B) to the platform (22), respectively.

9. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 8, wherein a layer ( 5) against steam condensation and, preferably a water impermeable coating, such as an impermeable plastening (6) being provided on said space limiting panels (K) and said space covering panels (L).

10. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 9, wherein said platform (22) and/or said lower transoms (20) of the space limiting panels (K) being fixed to said foundation body (18) by way of anchor members (15).