EP0072736B1 - Wärmetauscher mit Doppelbarriere - Google Patents
Wärmetauscher mit Doppelbarriere Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0072736B1 EP0072736B1 EP82401472A EP82401472A EP0072736B1 EP 0072736 B1 EP0072736 B1 EP 0072736B1 EP 82401472 A EP82401472 A EP 82401472A EP 82401472 A EP82401472 A EP 82401472A EP 0072736 B1 EP0072736 B1 EP 0072736B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- heat exchanger
- primary
- exchanger according
- conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-NJFSPNSNSA-N silver-110 Chemical compound [110Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/16—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing leakage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/001—Heat exchange with alarm, indicator, recorder, test, or inspection means
- Y10S165/008—Leakage
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a double barrier heat exchanger more specifically intended for refrigerating radioactive primary water from a sampling circuit of a water reactor and making it possible in particular to detect a leak of the primary liquid at said exchanger.
- a number of auxiliary circuits are connected to the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor, making it possible to verify the proper functioning of this circuit and, if necessary, to adjust the characteristics of the primary fluid.
- the sampling circuit used to take samples of the primary liquid for analysis, it is necessary to cool the primary liquid coming from the heart before taking the sampling. For this, it is cooled via a secondary refrigeration circuit.
- Most of the exchangers currently used do not provide total protection of the secondary circuit against the risks of pollution by the primary fluid and, in general, do not allow rapid detection of an accidental leak of the latter.
- the object of the present invention is precisely a heat exchanger which not only makes it possible to protect the secondary circuit against the risks consecutive to a deterioration of the primary circuit, but which also makes it possible to quickly detect a leak of the primary liquid.
- the radioactive primary fluid circulating in a primary sheath and the secondary fluid circulating in a secondary sheath comprises a junction matrix, disposed between the two sheaths and in contact with them, this matrix being in the form of a compact metallic mass and comprising at least one element capable of diffusing into the primary fluid when it is in contact with it and of being made radioactive under l action of an activation source.
- the junction matrix is metallic and is in compact form ensures good thermal conductivity between the primary and secondary sheaths and gives good mechanical resistance to the entire device.
- the element capable of being made radioactive when it is entrained by the primary fluid is silver.
- an exchanger consists of two "barriers", one between the primary sheath and the matrix, the other between the matrix and the secondary sheath.
- the device according to the invention has increased security because it makes it possible to detect an anomaly at the level of the first barrier (for example leakage of the primary liquid) well before the second is attacked in turn.
- the primary liquid attacks the matrix and silver ions begin to diffuse in the primary circuit of the reactor: during the passage through the core, they are activated in silver 110 under the action of the neutron flux.
- This anomaly can then be detected in the form of an increase in the peak of this radioelement in the radiochemical spectrum carried out periodically on primary samples: the rupture of the first barrier of the exchanger can therefore be detected very quickly by monitoring this peak .
- the secondary sheath has a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially equal to that of the junction matrix, which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks due to the phenomena of thermal expansion.
- the primary circuit 1 of a nuclear reactor allowing the primary fluid to pass from the core 2 where it heats up in contact with the fuel claddings to a heat exchanger 4 where it cools contact of the fluid circulating in the secondary circuit 6 of the reactor before returning to the core.
- a sampling circuit 8 On the primary circuit, and downstream of the exchanger 4, is connected a sampling circuit 8 making it possible to take samples of the primary fluid for analysis.
- the primary fluid is still too hot to be able to take these samples and it is necessary to cool it with a fluid circulating in a secondary refrigeration circuit 10, this cooling taking place in a heat exchanger. heat 12.
- Various embodiments are possible for such an exchanger, depending on the geometry of the sheath primary and secondary sheath.
- the primary sheath has the form of a straight tube 14 surrounded by an annular enclosure 16 in which circulates the secondary coolant, the primary tube 14 and the annular enclosure 16 being separated by a space 18 filled with the junction matrix used in the context of the present invention.
- the primary sheath still has the shape of a cylindrical tube 20, but the secondary sheath 22 has the shape of a serpentine surrounding the primary sheath and embedded inside a matrix 24 placed all around the tube 20 and in contact with it.
- the primary sheath 26 which has the shape of a coil embedded in a junction matrix 28, the latter being placed between two external and internal cylindrical walls referenced 30 and 32 respectively on the face.
- the secondary fluid circulates on the one hand in the tubular space 34 delimited by the internal wall 32 and on the other hand in an annular space 36 delimited by the external wall 30 and an external wall 38.
- FIG. 5 it illustrates a particular embodiment of an exchanger according to the invention in which the primary sheath has the shape of a coil while the secondary liquid circulates in the spaces defined by the threads of two screws to not square.
- the primary liquid arrives in the exchanger, which has a cylindrical shape and has the general reference 11 in the drawing, through an inlet orifice 42 located at one end and leaves at the other end through an outlet orifice 44 after have circulated in a coil 46 whose axis is substantially coincident with that of the tube 11.
- This coil is embedded in a junction matrix 47 which is made of an alloy of silver and copper.
- a cylindrical wall48 Inside the cylinder defined by the coil 46, and in contact with the matrix 47, is arranged a cylindrical wall48, called “internal cylindrical wall in the remainder of this text, of the same axis as the tube 11, while a piece 49, externally threaded, is placed inside the wall 48 so that its thread is in contact with the internal face of the latter.
- the longitudinal section of the thread of the piece 49 has substantially the shape of a square and that is why this piece is called "square pitch screw".
- the matrix 47 On the outside of the cylinder defined by the coil 46, the matrix 47 is in contact with a second cylindrical wall 50, called “external cylindrical wall", which is none other than the internal face of a second threaded square screw 51 externally, and inside which are arranged the matrix 47, the coil 46 and the first square-pitch screw 49. Finally, an external wall 52 is in contact, on the one hand with the thread of the screw 51 and, on the other hand, with the external envelope 53 of the tube 11.
- the secondary fluid enters through an orifice 54 located at the end of the tube 11 through which the primary liquid is discharged into a hole 55 formed inside the part 49 and substantially along its axis.
- An orifice 56 places the hole 55 in communication with the spaces delimited on the one hand by the threads of the screws 49 and 51, on the other hand by the walls 48 and 52.
- the secondary fluid therefore follows a double helical path around the primary coil 46 before being evacuated to the other end of the tube 10 by an outlet orifice 58.
- This arrangement makes it possible to have a good heat exchange coefficient and gives the device good rigidity, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness internal and external cylindrical walls.
- the matrix 47 is a binary alloy of copper and silver, obtained by casting a ternary eutectic alloy of silver, copper and cadmium, the latter volatilizing at the time of casting.
- the primary coil is made of an alloy with a high nickel content (for example Inconel 800 or Incoloy) so as not to deteriorate the primary sheath when the casting -
- the other parts of the exchanger, and in particular the square pitch screws constituting the secondary sheaths are made of 316 L stainless steel. The use of this steel grade makes it possible to avoid problems of expansion since the coefficient of thermal expansion of stainless steel is 17.
- this matrix constitutes an excellent thermal bridge between the primary and secondary sheaths thanks to the good conductivity of silver and copper.
- this alloy has good mechanical strength, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the primary tube and the secondary sheaths, the thickness of these elements being determined solely as a function of corrosion problems.
- Two cavities 60 and 61 are provided at each end of the tube 11 in order to recover the primary or secondary liquid which can escape in the event of a leak.
- the outer casing 53 of the tube 11 is protected against overpressure following a leak by a safety valve 62.
- the detection of leaks with such a device is done as follows: if the primary tube 46 is pierced, the primary fluid comes into contact with the alloy constituting the junction matrix, attacking it, and silver ions will diffuse in the primary circuit and activate silver 110 after passing through the reactor core. The primary sheath leak is therefore detected by observing the peak of the silver on the radiochemistry spectrum carried out periodically.
- the primary water escaping from the coil 46 can make its way along it and reach the end pieces bearing the reference 63 in the drawing and, from there, enter the cavities 60 or 61.
- the liquid circulating in the primary coil 46 being under high pressure, it follows an increase in pressure in the cavity 61, and therefore a displacement of the valve 62, which frees the evacuation orifice 65: it is therefore possible to detect the operating anomaly for example by means of a alarm which is triggered when the liquid leaves through this orifice 65.
- the primary liquid can also attack the junction matrix and thus reach the wall limiting the secondary sheath. At this time, under the effect of the pressure, the matrix may become detached or the liquid progress along the interface and the primary fluid flows along this interface to the end pieces.
- the leak can still be detected thanks to the safety valve 62.
- the attack phenomenon of the junction matrix is sufficiently slow to allow the detection of the anomaly by observation of the silver peak 110, generally well before the fluid reaches the cavities 60 or 61: we can therefore intervene quickly to replace the defective device before complete destruction of it .
- the device according to the invention has particularly advantageous advantages since it allows good heat exchange between the primary liquid and the secondary liquid, good mechanical strength of the assembly even with thin walls, and also allows rapid detection. a leak at the primary sheath, since in the event of piercing of the latter, one of the elements constituting the junction matrix diffuses into the primary liquid and can be easily detected by spectrographic control.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8115451A FR2511139A1 (fr) | 1981-08-10 | 1981-08-10 | Echangeur de chaleur a double barriere |
FR8115451 | 1981-08-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0072736A1 EP0072736A1 (de) | 1983-02-23 |
EP0072736B1 true EP0072736B1 (de) | 1984-07-04 |
Family
ID=9261329
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82401472A Expired EP0072736B1 (de) | 1981-08-10 | 1982-08-04 | Wärmetauscher mit Doppelbarriere |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4625789A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0072736B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS5837494A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3260330D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2511139A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2511139A1 (fr) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-02-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur de chaleur a double barriere |
GB2361054B (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2003-11-26 | Nnc Ltd | Heat exchanger |
US7220381B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2007-05-22 | Avure Technologies Incorporated | Method for high pressure treatment of substances under controlled temperature conditions |
JP3524083B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-16 | 2004-04-26 | 核燃料サイクル開発機構 | 中間熱媒体を有するヘリカル型熱交換器 |
US20060205332A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Flow International Corporation | Method to remove meat from crabs |
ITBL20090003A1 (it) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-05 | Al Ca S R L | Apparecchio compatto a pompa di calore, particolarmente per riscaldare l'acqua sanitaria di uso domestico. |
JP5128544B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-20 | 2013-01-23 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | プレートフィン熱交換器 |
AT519081B1 (de) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-06-15 | Andritz Hydro Gmbh | Verfahren zum kühlen des rotors eines elektrischen generators |
GB2586145A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-10 | Ibj Tech Ivs | Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1143878A (de) * | 1967-03-15 | |||
DE2105117A1 (en) * | 1971-02-04 | 1972-08-24 | Siemens Ag | Burst fuel element detection - by fission product measurement |
NL7106710A (en) * | 1971-05-17 | 1972-11-21 | Tracing industrial processes - by adding non-radioactive tracer and making radioactive at detection point by irradiating | |
US3969077A (en) * | 1971-12-16 | 1976-07-13 | Varian Associates | Alkali metal leak detection method and apparatus |
DE2550329A1 (de) * | 1975-11-08 | 1977-05-18 | Interatom | Dreistoff-waermetauscher |
GB1536291A (en) * | 1976-09-09 | 1978-12-20 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Nuclear reactors |
US4090554A (en) * | 1976-11-17 | 1978-05-23 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Heat exchanger |
DE2810699A1 (de) * | 1978-03-11 | 1979-09-20 | Interatom | Lecknachweis fuer waermetauscher in kernenergieanlagen |
US4249593A (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1981-02-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Heat exchanger with leak detecting double wall tubes |
US4228848A (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-10-21 | Grumman Energy Systems, Inc. | Leak detection for coaxial heat exchange system |
DE2943949A1 (de) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-05-27 | Chemisches Laboratorium Seehof, 2244 Wesselburen | Verfahren zur detektion und interpretation von leckagen aus anlagen- und rohrleitungssystemen |
FR2511139A1 (fr) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-02-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur de chaleur a double barriere |
-
1981
- 1981-08-10 FR FR8115451A patent/FR2511139A1/fr active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-07-30 US US06/403,415 patent/US4625789A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-08-04 DE DE8282401472T patent/DE3260330D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-08-04 EP EP82401472A patent/EP0072736B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-08-10 JP JP57138082A patent/JPS5837494A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4625789A (en) | 1986-12-02 |
FR2511139A1 (fr) | 1983-02-11 |
JPS6361599B2 (de) | 1988-11-29 |
DE3260330D1 (en) | 1984-08-09 |
FR2511139B1 (de) | 1983-11-10 |
EP0072736A1 (de) | 1983-02-23 |
JPS5837494A (ja) | 1983-03-04 |
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