EP0072178A1 - Fils vernis - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0072178A1
EP0072178A1 EP82304085A EP82304085A EP0072178A1 EP 0072178 A1 EP0072178 A1 EP 0072178A1 EP 82304085 A EP82304085 A EP 82304085A EP 82304085 A EP82304085 A EP 82304085A EP 0072178 A1 EP0072178 A1 EP 0072178A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
wire enamel
coat
enameled
lubricating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82304085A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Masayoshi Miyake
Isao Ueoka
Munetaka Kawaguchi
Hirohiko Nakabayashi
Teruyuki Yamamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Publication of EP0072178A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072178A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/308—Wires with resins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to enameled wires having good self-lubricating properties.
  • enameled wires have come to use high-speed automatic winding machines to increase the speed of the production line.
  • the enameled wire is subjected to friction and other mechanical stresses during winding which causes the insulation coating to be damaged mechanically. If such damaged wire is assembled in an electric machine, layer shorting (short-circuiting between wires) occurs and the loss factor is increased to an undesirably high level. Therefore, to minimize the mechanical damage to the insulation coating, enameled wires having good self-lubricating properties have been demanded. Wires with self-lubricating properties are needed not only for use in connection with an automatic winder but also when enameled wires are inserted manually into a small slot in a motor.
  • the low self-lubricating properties of the enameled wire causes another disadvantage in that even after the coil of enameled wire is inserted in the motor, the enamel coating is subjected to mechanical damage due to electromagnetic vibration. As a result of the mechanical damage, layer shorting occurs and the motor fails to perform its function. Improving the self-lubricating properties of enameled wires by applying a large quantity of liquid lubricants has little effect. On the contrary, the use of such lubricants causes more dirt to collect on the enameled wires and the bonding strength of adhesive tape used to fix the ends of the coil is adversely affected.
  • the lubricant coating is extracted by the refrigerant and can clog the opening of the compressor valve or the refrigerant expansion nozzles in the refrigerator. This will reduce the refrigerating capacity of the machine.
  • the lubricant is extracted by the refrigerant, the self-lubricating properties and slip properties of the enamel wire are reduced and the enamel coating becomes vulnerable to mechanical damage due to electromagnetic vibration.
  • wire enamel compositions containing synthetic resins having good lubricating properties such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone oil, fluorine containing surfactants, and liquid as well as solid lubricants such as paraffin wax, carnauba wax and montan wax.
  • synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene are sparingly soluble in wire enamel compositions and are difficult to disperse in the enamel uniformly, and the resulting enamel is not highly stable.
  • Liquid lubricants in the wire enamel composition provide a wire enamel coating whose slip properties and self-lubricating properties are as low as those of the coating formed by applying them onto the enameled wire. Solid lubricants in the wire enamel composition are sometimes extracted by refrigerants or solvents after the wire enamel is applied to the electric wire (the same thing happens when solid lubricants are directly applied to the enameled wire). Enameled wires so produced are not desirably applied to motors that are to be immersed in refrigerants.
  • the solid lubricants are sparingly soluble in solvents for making wire enamel and they are not highly miscible with the insulating components of the enamel. Therefore, the resulting wire enamel is not stable and the lubricants are difficult to disperse in the enamel coating uniformly and hence the so produced coating does not have good appearance.
  • a desired enameled wire can be produced by forming one or more wire enamel coatings on a conductor and a lubricating wire enamel coat on the outermost layer of said wire enamel coat that is made by applying and baking a wire enamel composition consisting essentially of a resin at least one molecule of which is terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms.
  • the enamel wire of the present invention itself has self-lubricating properties equal to those of the wire that has a layer of solid lubricants such as solid paraffin and carnauba wax, or those of the wire that is produced by coating the conductor with a wire enamel composition containing such solid lubricants or synthetic resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene having good lubricating properties.
  • solid lubricants such as solid paraffin and carnauba wax
  • synthetic resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene having good lubricating properties.
  • the wire enamel coating itself has high self-lubricating properties.
  • the wire differs greatly from the conventional product wherein a lubricant is present on the surface of the enameled wire or within the wire enamel coat.
  • the wire enamel composition used in the present invention is more stable and uniform than wire enamel compositions containing synthetic resins having good lubricating properties such as polyethylene and polypropylene, or solid lubricants such as solid paraffin and carnauba wax.
  • the resulting enameled wire has a better appearance than those having a wire enamel coating made from the latter type of wire enamel.
  • the wire enamel coating of the present invention will be extracted by refrigerants or solvents and clog the opening of the compressor valve or the refrigerant expansion nozzles in comparison with the wire enamel coating formed by applying solid lubricants such as solid paraffin or carnauba wax on the surface of the enameled wire or the coating formed from a wire enamel composition containing these solid lubricants.
  • solid lubricants such as solid paraffin or carnauba wax
  • the enameled wire of the present invention can be applied with advantage to motors that are to be immersed in refrigerants and which are required to have high refrigerant resistance.
  • Figure 1 is a cross section of the insulated electric wire of the present invention.
  • the enameled wire of the present invention comprises a conductor, one or more wire enamel coatings formed on the conductor, and a lubricating wire enamel coat formed on the outermost layer of said wire enamel coat. It is essential for the present invention that the lubricating wire enamel coat be formed on the outermost layer of the one or more wire enamel coatings on the conductor. If the lubricating wire enamel coat is formed directly on the conductor, the desired mechanical characteristics may not be obtained. The proportion of the lubricating wire enamel coat to the total thickness of the coating on the conductor is preferably as small as possible to avoid any adverse effect on the mechanical characteristics of the resulting enameled wire.
  • a wire enamel coat is usually formed on the conductor by 3 to 20 cycles of application and baking of the wire enamel until a coating of desired thickness is formed. Therefore, the best way to minimize the proportion of the wire enamel coat to the total thickness of the coating is to effect only the last cycle of application and baking using a wire enamel composition for making the lubricating wire enamel coat.
  • the thickness of the lubricating wire enamel coat is preferably not more than 20% of the total thickness of the coating on the resulting enameled wire.
  • the wire enamel coat formed as a base coat in the enameled wire of the present invention may be made of any material such as polyurethane, polyvinyl formal, polyester, polyester imide, polyhydantoin, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyester amideimide and polyamide. These resins may be combined in the form of, say, polyurethane-polyamide, polyester-polyamide, polyester- polyamideimide, polyester imide-polyamideimide, and polyimide-polyvinyl formal. Since the enameled wire of the present invention may be applied to motors to be immersed in refrigerants, the base wire enamel coat is preferably made of vinyl formal, polyester, polyester imide, polyamideimide, polyester amideimide and polyimide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the lubricating wire enamel coat formed as a top coat in the enameled wire of the present invention is formed by applying and baking a wire enamel composition that consists essentially of a resin at least one molecule of which is terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms and preferably 27 to 31 carbon atoms.
  • the polymer backbone may be bonded to the terminal straight alkyl group in any - fashion such as amido bond, imido bond, ester bond, urethane bond or urea bond.
  • the straight alkyl group bonded to a terminal of the polymer chain must have at least 21 carbon atoms to provide good lubricating properties, and the desired lubricating properties are not achieved if said alkyl group has less than 21 carbon atoms.
  • n must be 21 or more.
  • the alkyl group is preferably in a completely linear form, but it may be partially branched as long as the straight portion has at least 21 carbon atoms.
  • the polymer chain to a terminal of which the straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms is to be attached may be made of any resin such as polyamideimide, polyimide, polyester, polyester imide, polyurethane, polyester amideimide, polyamide or polyhydroxyether.
  • Two typical methods of introducing the straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms at a terminal of the molecule of these resins are 1) reacting the materials for preparing the polymer chain of the resin to be produced with a compound that is described hereunder and which is used to introduce the straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms at a terminal of the molecule of the resin, so as to form the polymer chain and introduce the straight alkyl group at the terminal of its molecule, and 2) reacting the materials for preparing the polymer chain among themselves, then depolymerizing the resulting resin with a compound that is used to introduce the straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms at a terminal of its molecule so as to introduce said alkyl group at the terminal.
  • Examples of the compound that is used to introduce a straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms at a terminal of the molecule of the resin used to form the lubricating wire enamel coat include aliphatic acids, alkyl esters and acid halides thereof, as well as higher alcohols, amines and aliphatic acid amides.
  • Illustrative examples of aliphatic acids include docosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, hexacosanoic acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid, nonacosanoic acid and triacontanoic acid, and derivatives of these aliphatic acids are esters, acid anhydrides and acid halides.
  • Illustrative examples of higher alcohols include n-heneicosanol, n-docosanol, n-tetracosanol, n-hexacosanol, n-octacosanol, and n-triacontanol.
  • Illustrative examples of amines include heneicosylamine, docosylamine, tricosylamine, pentacosylamine, hexacosylamine, and octacosylamine.
  • Illustrative examples of aliphatic acid amides include docosylamide, hexacosylamide and octa- cosylamide.
  • these compounds are used to introduce the straight alkyl group at a terminal of the polymer chain, they should have functional groups that are capable of reacting with the materials used to prepare the polymer chain.
  • These compounds need not be used individually and may be used in admixture.
  • Hoechst Wax S sold by Hoechst Japan Ltd. that is based on montan wax acid (chain length: C 28-32), Hoechst Wax E (ester of montan wax acid) or Hoechst Wax OP (partially saponified ester of montan wax acid) also sold by Hoechst Japan Ltd. may be used.
  • any solvent can be used to dissolve the resin at least one molecule of which is terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms.
  • preferred solvents are those which consist essentially of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, m-cresol, p-cresol and various xylenols because the resulting polymer solution can be directly used as wire enamel for making enameled wires.
  • Suitable solvents that can be used to control the viscosity of the polymer solution are toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and Cellosolve acetate.
  • the wire enamel composition according to the present invention which consists essentially of a resin . at least one molecule of which is terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms is either a polymer solution per se of the resin at least one molecule of which is terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms, or such polymer solution that contains one or more additives such as other thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, curing agents, fillers, pigments and dyes in an amount that does not impair the characteristics of said solution.
  • the polymer solution per se is preferred.
  • the coefficient of static friction was measured by the following method in terms of the coefficient of static friction between enameled wires: two parallel enameled wires were placed on a horizontal plane; a metal block to the bottom of which two parallel enameled wires were fastened was placed on said horizontal plane so that the respective pairs of wires crossed each other at a right angle; the metal block was moved along the two wires on the horizontal plane; and the minimum load necessary for moving the block was divided by the weight of the block to determine the coefficient of static friction of the wires.
  • Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (500.5 g) was gradually added to a mixture of trimellitic anhydride (384.3 g) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1,653.8 g) under stirring, and the resulting mixture was heated at 80°C for 3 hours. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction mixture was increased at a rate of 20°C per hour. During the reaction, the viscosity of the solution gradually increased, accompanied by the generation of carbon dioxide gas. When the temperature of the reaction mixture reached 160°C, the heat was removed, and the reaction was continued at that temperature for 2 more hours until a polyamideimide polymer solution was obtained.
  • the polymer had a reduced specific viscosity of 0.38 dl/g as measured at 30°C in 100 m2 of N,N'- dimethylacetamide having 0.5 g of the resin dissolved.
  • the polymer solution was diluted with xylol to form a wire enamel composition having a resin content of 25%.
  • the wire enamel had a viscosity of 17 poises as measured with a Brookfield type viscometer at 30°C.
  • Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (500.5 g) was gradually added to a mixture of trimellitic anhydride (381.2 g), Hoechst Wax S (14.1 g, montan wax acid having a chain length of 28 to 32 from Hoechst Japan Ltd.) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1,679.8 g) under stirring, and the resulting mixture was heated at 80°C for 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was heated at a rate of 20°C per hour.
  • Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (500.5 g) was added to a mixture of trimellitic anhydride (382.4 g), docosanoic acid (6.8 g) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1,667.0 g) under stirring and the resulting mixture was heated to 80°C where it was subjected to reaction for 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was heated at a rate of 20°C per hour. When the temperature reached 175°C, the heat was removed and the reaction was further continued for 1 hour and 45 minutes until a polyamideimide resin solution wherein at least one molecule of the resin was terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 carbon atoms was obtained. The resin had a reduced specific viscosity of 0.70 dl/g. The solution was diluted with xylol to form a wire enamel composition having a resin content of 25%. The wire enamel had a viscosity of 60 poises.
  • the following components were charged in a flask.
  • the mixture was treated as in Reference Example 4 to produce a polyester wire enamel composition wherein at least one molecule of the polymer was terminated with a straight alkyl group having 21 carbon atoms.
  • the enamel had a viscosity of 69 poises.
  • the temperature of the mixture was elevated to 140°C at which temperature the mixture was subjected to reaction for 1.5 hours. The temperature was further increased at a rate of 20°C per hour. When the temperature reached 200°C, the reaction was further continued for one hour at that temperature. Throughout the reaction, xylene and by-product (methanol) were distilled out of the reaction system through the cooling tube. Then, the mixture was cooled to 110°C and the following compounds were added to the reaction mixture: When the temperature of the mixture was increased again, a yellow precipitate was formed at about 120°C and the mixture solidified. Then, the mixture was held at 140°C for 30 minutes without stirring, and thereafter, it was heated to 180°C over about one hour.
  • the following components were charged in a flask: Under stirring, the temperature of the mixture was elevated to 140°C at which temperature it was subjected to reaction for 1.5 hours. The temperature was further increased at a rate of 20°C per hour. When the temperature reached 200°C, the reaction was further continued for one hour at that temperature. Throughout the reaction, xylene and by-product methanol were distilled out of the reaction system through the cooling tube. Then, the mixture was cooled to 110°C and the following compounds were added to the reaction mixture: When the temperature of the mixture was increased again, a yellow precipitate was formed at about 120°C and the F mixture solidified. Then, the mixture was held at 140°C for 30 minutes without stirring, and thereafter, it was heated to 180°C over about one hour.
  • polyester imide wire enamel composition wherein at least one molecule of the polymer was terminated with a straight alkyl group having 27 to 31 carbon atoms.
  • the wire enamel had a viscosity of 44 poises.
  • Table 1 clearly shows that the enameled wires of the present invention had far better self-lubricating properties than the conventional products.
  • the enameled wires of the present invention had better mechanical characteristics than the samples of Comparative Examples 2, 4 and 8 wherein the wire enameled coating was entirely made of the lubricating wire enamel coat.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
EP82304085A 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Fils vernis Withdrawn EP0072178A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12441181A JPS5826409A (ja) 1981-08-07 1981-08-07 絶縁電線
JP124411/81 1981-08-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072178A1 true EP0072178A1 (fr) 1983-02-16

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EP82304085A Withdrawn EP0072178A1 (fr) 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Fils vernis

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EP (1) EP0072178A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5826409A (fr)
GB (1) GB2103869A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996034399A1 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1996-10-31 Dr. Beck & Co. Ag Formulation de vernis pour fils metalliques a lubrifiant interne
EP1202292A2 (fr) * 2000-10-26 2002-05-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Liant pour composition de revêtement pour conducteurs électriques
FR2844801A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-26 Nexans Vernis d'emaillage autolubrifiant, conducteur electrique revetu d'un tel vernis et procede de fabrication d'un tel vernis.
DE102010039169A1 (de) 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Universität Paderborn Selbststrukturierende Oberflächen durch PDMS-Phasentrennungen in harten Polymerbeschichtungen
DE102010039168A1 (de) 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht Gmbh Elektroisolierlacke aus modifizierten Polymeren und daraus hergestellte elektrische Leiter mit verbesserter Gleitfähigkeit
CN102936454A (zh) * 2011-08-16 2013-02-20 上海晟然绝缘材料有限公司 接枝聚合法合成自润滑聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线绝缘漆的制备方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6123216U (ja) * 1984-07-17 1986-02-12 日立電線株式会社 多心絶縁電線
JP2582676B2 (ja) * 1991-01-29 1997-02-19 東京特殊電線株式会社 自己潤滑性絶縁電線
JP2758092B2 (ja) * 1991-10-03 1998-05-25 第一電工 株式会社 自己潤滑性絶縁電線
JP5561589B2 (ja) * 2009-03-13 2014-07-30 日立金属株式会社 絶縁塗料及び絶縁電線、並びにそれを用いたコイル
US20110121223A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Magnetorheological fluids and methods of making and using the same
JP2013101759A (ja) * 2011-11-07 2013-05-23 Sumitomo Electric Wintec Inc 絶縁電線及びそれを用いた、電機コイル、モータ

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0033224A1 (fr) * 1980-01-24 1981-08-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Fil d'enroulement magnétique

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0033224A1 (fr) * 1980-01-24 1981-08-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Fil d'enroulement magnétique

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996034399A1 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1996-10-31 Dr. Beck & Co. Ag Formulation de vernis pour fils metalliques a lubrifiant interne
EP1202292A2 (fr) * 2000-10-26 2002-05-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Liant pour composition de revêtement pour conducteurs électriques
EP1202292A3 (fr) * 2000-10-26 2004-02-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Liant pour composition de revêtement pour conducteurs électriques
FR2844801A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-26 Nexans Vernis d'emaillage autolubrifiant, conducteur electrique revetu d'un tel vernis et procede de fabrication d'un tel vernis.
WO2004026974A2 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 Nexans Procede de fabrication d’diisocyanate modifie, procede de fabrication d’un vernis d’emaillage autolubrifiant, procede de fabrication d’un conducteur electrique emaille
WO2004026974A3 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-05-21 Nexans Procede de fabrication d’diisocyanate modifie, procede de fabrication d’un vernis d’emaillage autolubrifiant, procede de fabrication d’un conducteur electrique emaille
CN100363439C (zh) * 2002-09-20 2008-01-23 埃塞克斯尼克桑斯欧洲公司 制备改性二异氰酸酯的方法、制备自润滑绝缘漆的方法、以及生产已上漆导电体的方法
DE102010039169A1 (de) 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Universität Paderborn Selbststrukturierende Oberflächen durch PDMS-Phasentrennungen in harten Polymerbeschichtungen
WO2012020068A2 (fr) 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Universität Paderborn Surfaces autostructurantes par séparations de phases de polydiméthylsiloxanes dans des revêtements polymères durs
DE102010039168A1 (de) 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht Gmbh Elektroisolierlacke aus modifizierten Polymeren und daraus hergestellte elektrische Leiter mit verbesserter Gleitfähigkeit
WO2012020067A1 (fr) 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht Gmbh Vernis diélectriques à base de polymères modifiés et conducteurs électriques à capacité de glissement améliorée fabriqués avec ces vernis
CN102936454A (zh) * 2011-08-16 2013-02-20 上海晟然绝缘材料有限公司 接枝聚合法合成自润滑聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线绝缘漆的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2103869A (en) 1983-02-23
JPS5826409A (ja) 1983-02-16

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Inventor name: KAWAGUCHI, MUNETAKA