EP0071048A1 - Elément de chauffage électrique par radiation et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Elément de chauffage électrique par radiation et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071048A1
EP0071048A1 EP82106019A EP82106019A EP0071048A1 EP 0071048 A1 EP0071048 A1 EP 0071048A1 EP 82106019 A EP82106019 A EP 82106019A EP 82106019 A EP82106019 A EP 82106019A EP 0071048 A1 EP0071048 A1 EP 0071048A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating coil
deformations
insulating
radiator according
insulating support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82106019A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0071048B1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Gössler
Eugen Wilde
Bernhard Mikschl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Original Assignee
EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH filed Critical EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Publication of EP0071048A1 publication Critical patent/EP0071048A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0071048B1 publication Critical patent/EP0071048B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.
  • the heating conductor consists of a meandering stamped and corrugated band, which has molded protruding tabs that are inserted through a thin insulating support plate and bent under it.
  • the heating conductors made of strips not only have production disadvantages compared to heating coils made of wire because of the punching and the higher waste, but are also more problematic in terms of their durability properties.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electric radiator which is easy to manufacture and in which the heating coils can be fixed on the insulating support safely and with little risk of thermal overheating.
  • the deformations preferably consist of a one-sided bending of the helix arranged at an axial distance from one another, in particular only one turn being pressed out of the rest of the helix course.
  • the "feet" thus formed lie at an axial distance from one another and are pressed into the otherwise flat or non-profiled surface of the insulating support, while the rest of the heating coil runs practically freely and without being embedded over this surface. This means that the heating coil turns during the pressing process described below Although something can be molded in the surface, which also gives it good lateral support, it should be avoided that the material of the insulating support extends over and surrounds the lower wire of the coil.
  • the surface or surface layer carrying the heating coil is mechanically stronger and more thermally conductive than the rest of the insulating support, preferably by impregnation or curing.
  • the mechanical strengthening improves the holding effect of the "foot" in the insulating support and on the other hand also makes the insulating support less sensitive to transport and assembly.
  • the remaining insulating material can then consist of a less mechanically strong material, which can accordingly have better thermal insulation properties.
  • the somewhat denser surface layer better dissipates the heat from the deformed, embedded part of the coil, so that no heat build-up can occur there, which could lead to the wire burning through overheating.
  • the heating coil arranged in its installation shape in a tool can be provided with deformations in places by means of preferably strip-shaped stamps in accordance with the preferred manufacturing method.
  • the heating coil can then be inserted into a pressing tool part provided with holders for the heating coil in such a way that at least the deformations protrude beyond the surface of the pressing tool part and the insulating material, which may be introduced in loose layers into the pressing tool in individual layers, can be compressed while simultaneously pressing in the deformations .
  • This pressing can take place dry, so that subsequent drying processes are saved.
  • the surface or surface layer carrying the heating coil can preferably be impregnated with a strengthening material, preferably a silica sol.
  • a strengthening material preferably a silica sol.
  • the surface layer to be impregnated can preferably consist of a hydrophilic insulating material and the insulation underneath from a comparatively hydrophobic insulating material.
  • the heating coil itself can generate the heat used for curing during the first test heating, so that it is possible to progressively increase the curing in the vicinity of the heating coils.
  • the electric radiant heater 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an insulating support 12 which is arranged in a support shell 13 made of sheet metal.
  • the heater is pressed against the underside of a glass ceramic plate 14 by a spring (not shown).
  • a spring not shown
  • it can also be used to heat other surfaces, for example metal plates or single hot plates.
  • the insulating body 12 consists of two layers, namely an insulating layer 15 made of temperature-resistant and very good insulating material and a surface layer 16 made of a highly heat-resistant insulating material, which is, however, mechanically stronger and has somewhat higher thermal conductivity properties than the insulating layer 15. This mechanically stronger material also forms the raised edge 17 'of the insulating body, which is better protected against injury.
  • a heating coil 18 is arranged on the surface 17 of the insulating support, which is set back from the edge 17 'and thus a bowl-shaped Ver creates depression. It is laid in the form of a double spiral (Fig. 1), so that both connections are easily accessible in the outside area.
  • the heating coils 18 are circular coils made of round resistance wire, which have deformations 19 at a distance from one another, which can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 5. It can be seen there that one turn is pressed out to one side from the normal tubular or cylindrical course of the heating coil, so that it partly lies outside the normal spiral course. The two subsequent turns are pressed together a little.
  • the deformations 19 are arranged such that they give a star-shaped pattern in a top view of the radiator (FIG. 1), as is indicated by the dash-dotted lines 20.
  • the deformations 19 are embedded in the material of the insulating body, specifically in the surface layer 16, that is to say that they are completely surrounded by the insulating material and are thus positively retained in the insulating body.
  • the other and in particular the non-deformed turns of the heating coil 18 lie essentially freely on the surface 17 of the insulating body, whereby, as shown in FIG. 3, they can press somewhat into the surface, but are not completely enclosed by the insulating material, so that they can radiate the heat generated in them well.
  • the heat due to the embedding cannot escape directly from the deformed section 19, at least in the lower part. Some of it is dissipated through the resistance wire by heat conduction. However, the main part is derived from the surface layer 16 by heat conduction. For this purpose, it is advantageous that the deformation of the heating coil is formed by only one turn, because this leads to the dissipation Heat is very low and can be distributed well. However, it would also be possible to form and embed several turns, for example, in the case of heating coils with lower loads.
  • FIG. 6 to 8 show the production of the deformations of the heating coil.
  • a heating coil which is usually produced by winding and then "warping" to the correct length and pitch, is inserted into grooves 21 of a shape 22 which has the double spiral shape shown in FIG. 1.
  • a tool part 23 carries strip-shaped punches 24, which are arranged in a star shape according to lines 20 in FIG. 1. These provided with a rounded cutting edge 24 lie on corresponding recesses 25 in the lower tool part 22. After insertion (Fig. 7), the upper part 23 of the tool is lowered so that the punch 24 penetrate between two turns of the heating coil and this in the from Fig. 3 to 5 deforming manner.
  • the prepared heating coil 18 is inserted with the deformations 19 pointing upwards into a lower pressing tool part 26 and fixed there in the provided spiral shape in grooves 27. Together with a movable pressing tool upper part 28, the pressing tool encloses a shape which corresponds to the finished insulating support. With the upper part of the pressing tool moved out, insulating material in the form of a loose bulk material is introduced into the cavity, which initially still occupies several times the volume of the later insulating body, in layers corresponding to the layering desired later.
  • the insulating material can be constructed, for example, as the base material pyrogenic silica, such as that sold under the trade name Aerosil by Degussa, and can also be opacifiers for absorbing infrared radiation, such as titanium oxide, iron oxide, carbon black or any heat-resistant pigment contain. Ceramic fibers, for example aluminum silicate fibers, can also be used as reinforcing fibers.
  • the lower layer in the form, which later results in the surface layer 16 can have a hardener additive, for example high-melting glass frits, which allow the surface layer to harden when heated. Certain metal oxides can also be used as hardener additives.
  • the insulating body When the mold is closed, the insulating body is compressed to its final shape and the deformations 19 press into the insulating material and are embedded by it, i.e. enclosed or encapsulated.
  • the remaining surface of the spiral acts as a tool surface and has the advantage during the pressing process that the mold can be easily vented if, for example, 27 vent holes 29 are made in the groove base of the groove.
  • the insulating body can preferably be finished pressed in a single operation. However, it is also possible to carry out layer-by-layer pressing if, for example, different layers are to be pressed to different degrees.
  • the body With an insulating body with hardener additive in the surface layer, the body is finished. It is then only cured by heating, for example by applying current to the heating coils 18 on the surface.
  • the mechanically denser and better heat-conducting surface layer 16 can also be produced without post-treatment by appropriate composition of the insulating materials. It is particularly advantageous, however, to remove the surface from the mold with a material act that brings about the desired properties. For example, a silica sol, silicon dioxide in a colloidal form can be sprayed in uniformly. A targeted treatment in the vicinity of the deformations 19 of the heating coils 18 could also take place instead or in addition, for example by arranging spray nozzles at the corresponding fastening points. It is thus possible to achieve the desired mechanical strength and better heat dissipation in fastening areas without otherwise significantly influencing the insulating properties of the insulating support.
  • the surface layer 16 should be hydrophilic, i.e. be water absorbent, as the silica sol is normally suspended in water.
  • the underlying insulating layer 26 should, however, be hydrophobic so that the material cannot penetrate into the insulating layer 15 and reduce the thermal insulating ability.
  • the fumed silica is usually hydrophilic, while the hydrophobic properties of the insulating layer 15 are achieved by a silicone treatment, for example by the addition of silicone groups.
  • Radiators in particular radiant heaters, can largely be produced automatically according to the invention.
  • the deformed heating coil can be provided with all external leads and then the entire insulating body including the fixing can be produced in one operation.
  • the layer-by-layer sequence of different insulation mixtures allows targeted adaptation to the desired application.
  • the top layer should combine high electrical insulation strength with good emissivity.
  • Such a layer then contains, for example, titanium dioxide as an opacifying agent with the addition of Ai 2 0 3 .
  • the deeper layers can then be adjusted for maximum thermal insulation while striving for a low price.
  • the radiator described has the advantage, in particular due to the surface hardening in the entire area not covered by the carrier disk, that it is insensitive to atmospheric moisture and has a very good electrical insulation resistance even when cold.
  • the heating coil can also be produced by a program winding, in which a few turns are still wound normally on a machine and then a turn offset or enlarged is made on one side.
  • the one-sided deformation has the advantage that it is easiest to produce and best meets the thermal and fastening requirements
  • this could also be produced with the corresponding pitch, so that the previously usual warping of the spiral wound on the block is eliminated.
  • the round spiral cross-sectional shape other shapes are also suitable, e.g. an elliptical or flattened shape. Forming from a round wire coil could e.g. take place in the same mold in which the deformation is produced.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
EP82106019A 1981-07-24 1982-07-06 Elément de chauffage électrique par radiation et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired EP0071048B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3129239 1981-07-24
DE19813129239 DE3129239A1 (de) 1981-07-24 1981-07-24 Elektrischer heizkoerper fuer die beheizung einer platte und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071048A1 true EP0071048A1 (fr) 1983-02-09
EP0071048B1 EP0071048B1 (fr) 1985-01-23

Family

ID=6137647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82106019A Expired EP0071048B1 (fr) 1981-07-24 1982-07-06 Elément de chauffage électrique par radiation et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4471214A (fr)
EP (1) EP0071048B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5826485A (fr)
AT (1) ATE11449T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU557733B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3129239A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES274609Y (fr)
FI (1) FI75465C (fr)
GR (1) GR76857B (fr)
NO (1) NO154679C (fr)
YU (1) YU43961B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA825038B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0210575A1 (fr) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-04 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Corps de chauffe électrique à radiation pour réchauffer des plaques chauffantes ainsi que procédé et dispositif pour sa fabrication
EP0234373A2 (fr) * 1986-02-26 1987-09-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Unité de cuisson avec élément chauffant radiant
EP0355388A1 (fr) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-28 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Elément de chauffage par rayonnement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de fabrication
EP0189108B1 (fr) * 1985-01-25 1991-07-10 Ceramaspeed Limited Dispositif de chauffage, en particulier une plaque de cuisson chauffée par radiation, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
EP0625865A2 (fr) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-23 Ceramaspeed Limited Méthode pour la fabrication de corps de chauffe rayonnants

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3315438A1 (de) * 1983-04-28 1984-10-31 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Heizelement zur beheizung von koch-, heizplatten oder dgl.
GB8414746D0 (en) * 1984-06-09 1984-07-11 Blease P A S Plunger
DE3519350A1 (de) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-04 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Strahlungs-heizeinheit
DE3539881A1 (de) * 1985-11-11 1987-05-14 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Elektrischer strahlheizkoerper zur beheizung von heizflaechen sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
DE3602541A1 (de) * 1986-01-29 1987-07-30 Rommelsbacher & Co Elektrowaer Heizwendeltraeger, damit versehene kochplatte und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS63252379A (ja) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19 松下電器産業株式会社 電熱ユニツト
DE4039501A1 (de) * 1990-12-11 1992-06-17 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Elektrischer heizkoerper, insbesondere strahlheizkoerper
US5796075A (en) * 1992-03-09 1998-08-18 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fisher Gmbh & Co. Kg Heater, particularly for kitchen appliances
DE4229375C2 (de) * 1992-09-03 2000-05-04 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Strahlungs-Heizkörper
US5868564A (en) * 1992-07-28 1999-02-09 International Business Machines Corporation Sequential step belt furnace with individual concentric heating elements
DE4229373A1 (de) * 1992-09-03 1994-03-10 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Heizkörper, insbesondere für Kochgeräte
DE9214270U1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-07 Fritz Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg, 76870 Kandel Elektrischer Strahlungsheizeinsatz für Glaskeramik-Kochfeld
DE19506685A1 (de) * 1995-02-25 1996-08-29 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Elektrischer Strahlungsheizkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US6134386A (en) * 1996-07-12 2000-10-17 O'donnell; James Martin Panel heater for animal use
US5847362A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-12-08 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus providing controllable heat and related methods
US5837974A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-11-17 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus with board profile monitoring and related methods
US5902502A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-05-11 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus and related methods
DE19744555A1 (de) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-15 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Heizeinrichtung
US6194689B1 (en) 1998-05-11 2001-02-27 Emerson Electric Co. Radiant heater element for use in grill and the like
US9952160B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-04-24 Packaging Corporation Of America System and method for determining an impact of manufacturing processes on the caliper of a sheet material
TWI791517B (zh) 2017-04-28 2023-02-11 美商康寧公司 包括內部加熱元件的邊緣導向器
ES2714427A1 (es) * 2017-11-28 2019-05-28 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Dispositivo de campo de coccion
US20210041108A1 (en) * 2019-08-09 2021-02-11 Eidon, Llc Apparatuses for radiant heating

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE554482C (de) * 1930-03-20 1932-07-11 Steatit Magnesia Akt Ges Elektrischer Heizkoerper mit einseitiger Strahlungswirkung und mit einer auf der Oberflaeche eines isolierenden Haltekoerpers befestigten, schraubenfoermig gewundenen Heizwicklung
DE2740163A1 (de) * 1977-03-09 1978-09-14 Emerson Electric Co Heizelement mit offener heizspule
DE2820138A1 (de) * 1978-05-09 1979-11-15 Karl Fischer Strahlungs-heizeinheit insbesondere fuer glaskeramik-elektrokochgeraete

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR480320A (fr) *
US1831889A (en) * 1931-11-17 Electrically heated cooking
CA891673A (en) * 1972-01-25 General Electric Company Crystalline glass heating plate
US1921543A (en) * 1930-03-31 1933-08-08 Steatit Magnesia Ag Electrical radiation apparatus
US3316390A (en) * 1965-04-21 1967-04-25 Gen Motors Corp Electric hot plate
US3567906A (en) * 1969-04-14 1971-03-02 Gen Electric Planar surface heater with integral fasteners for heating element
US3612828A (en) * 1970-06-22 1971-10-12 Gen Motors Corp Infrared radiant open coil heating unit with reflective fibrous-ceramic heater block
GB1433478A (en) * 1972-08-05 1976-04-28 Mcwilliams J A Electrical heating apparatus
DE2551137C2 (de) * 1975-11-14 1986-04-24 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Elektrischer Strahlungsheizkörper für Glaskeramikkochplatten
GB1580909A (en) * 1977-02-10 1980-12-10 Micropore Internatioonal Ltd Thermal insulation material
SE7806238L (sv) * 1977-07-02 1979-01-03 Fischer Karl Elektriskt stralningsvermeelement, serskilt for glaskeramikkokhell
DE2729929C3 (de) * 1977-07-02 1981-10-08 Karl 7519 Oberderdingen Fischer Strahlungs-Heizeinheit für Glaskeramik-Elektrokochgeräte
DE7805391U1 (de) * 1978-02-23 1978-06-15 Imperial-Werke Gmbh, 4980 Buende Glaskeramik-kochplatte mit einer oder mehreren kochstellen
JPS54164146U (fr) * 1978-05-10 1979-11-17

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE554482C (de) * 1930-03-20 1932-07-11 Steatit Magnesia Akt Ges Elektrischer Heizkoerper mit einseitiger Strahlungswirkung und mit einer auf der Oberflaeche eines isolierenden Haltekoerpers befestigten, schraubenfoermig gewundenen Heizwicklung
DE2740163A1 (de) * 1977-03-09 1978-09-14 Emerson Electric Co Heizelement mit offener heizspule
DE2820138A1 (de) * 1978-05-09 1979-11-15 Karl Fischer Strahlungs-heizeinheit insbesondere fuer glaskeramik-elektrokochgeraete

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0189108B1 (fr) * 1985-01-25 1991-07-10 Ceramaspeed Limited Dispositif de chauffage, en particulier une plaque de cuisson chauffée par radiation, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
EP0210575A1 (fr) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-04 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Corps de chauffe électrique à radiation pour réchauffer des plaques chauffantes ainsi que procédé et dispositif pour sa fabrication
EP0234373A2 (fr) * 1986-02-26 1987-09-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Unité de cuisson avec élément chauffant radiant
EP0234373A3 (fr) * 1986-02-26 1988-03-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Unité de cuisson avec élément chauffant radiant
EP0355388A1 (fr) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-28 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Elément de chauffage par rayonnement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de fabrication
US5048176A (en) * 1988-08-19 1991-09-17 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Method of making a radiant heater
US5196678A (en) * 1988-08-19 1993-03-23 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Radiant heater, as well as method and apparatus for its production
EP0625865A2 (fr) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-23 Ceramaspeed Limited Méthode pour la fabrication de corps de chauffe rayonnants
EP0625865A3 (fr) * 1993-05-21 1995-01-11 Ceramaspeed Ltd Méthode pour la fabrication de corps de chauffe rayonnants.
US5477605A (en) * 1993-05-21 1995-12-26 Ceramaspeed Limited Method of manufacturing a radiant electric heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO154679B (no) 1986-08-18
ES274609Y (es) 1985-01-01
DE3262043D1 (en) 1985-03-07
US4471214A (en) 1984-09-11
NO154679C (no) 1986-11-26
YU158082A (en) 1985-03-20
YU43961B (en) 1989-12-31
ES274609U (es) 1984-05-16
JPH0449231B2 (fr) 1992-08-10
DE3129239A1 (de) 1983-02-10
JPS5826485A (ja) 1983-02-16
ATE11449T1 (de) 1985-02-15
GR76857B (fr) 1984-09-04
AU8621582A (en) 1983-01-27
AU557733B2 (en) 1987-01-08
FI822565L (fi) 1983-01-25
ZA825038B (en) 1983-04-27
FI75465B (fi) 1988-02-29
FI75465C (fi) 1988-06-09
NO822532L (no) 1983-01-25
EP0071048B1 (fr) 1985-01-23
FI822565A0 (fi) 1982-07-20

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