GB1580909A - Thermal insulation material - Google Patents
Thermal insulation material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1580909A GB1580909A GB5524/77A GB552477A GB1580909A GB 1580909 A GB1580909 A GB 1580909A GB 5524/77 A GB5524/77 A GB 5524/77A GB 552477 A GB552477 A GB 552477A GB 1580909 A GB1580909 A GB 1580909A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- fibres
- weight
- opacifier
- base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940056319 ferrosoferric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 chromium dioxide zirconium dioxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/04—Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool which is added to the object to be insulated by pouring, spreading, spraying or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL
(71) We, MICROPORE INTER
NATIONAL LIMITED, a British Company, of
Hadzor Hall, Hadzor, Droitwich, Worcestershire WR9 7DJ, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to thermal insulation material.
A material of excellent thermal insulation properties can be made from a mixture of finely divided microporous silica aerogel, a reinforcing fibre such as alumina silicate and optionally a separate particulate opacifier.
Such materials give excellent heat insulation when compacted under pressure and self bonded with or without the use of extra bonding agents to a density in the range 10 to 30 lb/ft3 and are useful also as a base layer of thermal and electrical insulating material such as in heating units for smooth top electric cooker hobs as illustrated, for example, in our
United Kingdom Patent No. 1 433 478.
When such a material is used at high temperatures it is found to sinter and consequently shrink. This is most undesirable since shrinkage leads to the formation of cracks and air gaps whose insulating properties are much inferior to the material itself.
Materials such as described above have a limiting temperature at which they are useful of about 10000C since above that temperature there is progressive sintering and shrinkage.
Until now it had been assumed that such temperatures were the highest temperature at which these materials could be useful. This view was based on the facts that, of the three components noted above, silica, even when it is used in a form which is as pure as possible, has the lowest temperature at which it starts to sinter and shrink significantly, and it is present in the mixture in by far the largest amount both by weight and by volume.
We have now found according to the invention that the highest temperature to which such insulating materials can be used in practice can be increased by incorporating alumina into these mixtures. Therefore according to the present invention there is provided heat insulating material comprising an intimate mixture of microporous silica aerogel and ceramic reinforcing fibres, the mixture containing alumina in an amount of up to 12% by weight.
This heat insulating material of the invention is found to undergo less shrinkage when used at
the same high temperatures as prior materials and in addition it can often be used at temperatures which are as much as 100"C high higher than existing materials while still suffering only an acceptable degree of shrinkage.
Often therefore the materials of the invention can be used at temperatures as high as 1100 or even 1200"C without shrinkage due to sintering being too serious.
This is surprising when alumina fibres are used as the reinforcing fibres since the reinforcing fibres had been included merely to impart mechanical strength to the compacted material.
Additionally, when fibres such as glass fibres or mineral wool fibres were tried in place of the alumina silicate high shrinkage occurred at relatively low temperature, e.g. around 700 C.
Therefore the fibres previously used were chosen so as to be stable to at least the temperature at which significant sintering of silica occurs and to be readily available commercially. It is also somewhat surprising that the addition of alumina particles to the mixture gives this reduced shrinkage since the silica and other components can remain unchanged.
Microporous silica aerogel is a gel in which the liquid phase has been replaced by a gaseous phase in such a way as to avoid the shrinkage which would occur if the gel had been dried directly from a liquid. A substantially identical structure can however be obtained by controlled precipitation from a silica solution, the temperature and pH being controlled during precipitation to obtain an open lattice precipitate. The term "microporous silica aerogel" as used herein is deemed to include not only microporous silica aerogel as described above, but also equivalent microporous open lattice silica structures, such as fumed pyrogenic or electro-thermal types in which the average ultimate particle size is less than 100 millimicrometers. These materials can be made by the high temperature hydrolysis of a silicon tetrahalide such as silicon tetrachloride.
An example of a suitable microporous silica aerogel is the product which is commercially available from Degusa GmbH under the Trade Name Aerosil. Other suitable microporous silica aerogels are available under the name Cabosil from Cabot Corporation and
Santosel from Monsanto.
The mixtures according to the invention preferably additionally contain a separate opacifier intimately mixed with the aerogel.
Thus in certain circumstances one of the other components may function as an opacifier, e.g. carbon fibres. Examples of separate opacifiers are phase-stabilized black ferrosoferric oxide, titanium dioxide, chromium dioxide, rutile, zirconium dioxide, iron oxide, manganese dioxide, ilmenite or carbon black.
The amount of opacifier can be within the range of from 1 to 100% of the weight of the silica aerogel, is preferably from 2 to 100% of the weight of the silica aerogel, and is more preferably from 5 to 80% of the weight of the silica aerogel.
As noted above the alumina can be present as an additional separate component, can be present as the, or part of the fibre, or can be present both as the, or part of the fibres and as an additional separate component.
In cases where the or some of the alumina is present as the fibre, alumina fibres used should contain at least 90% and preferably at least 95%, by weight of alumina. Examples of suitable alumina fibres are those which are sold under the Trade Mark Saffil by Imperial
Chemical Industries Limited.
As noted above the reinforcing fibres usually constitute only a relatively small proportion of the materials of the invention and within such limits, the greater the proportion of alumina fibres the less appears to be the shrinkage of the resulting material at high temperatures.
However, the proportion of ceramic fibres to be included is limited inter alia by a reduction of thermal insulating properties with increasing proportions of ceramic fibre and by problems of mechanical strength of the material particularly when moulded. It appears therefore that about 12 and preferably about 10% by weight of alumina fibres is a practical upper limit while a more preferred proportion of alumina fibres to be added is in the range of from 1 to 7% by weight of the total material.
Not all the fibres within the materials of the invention need to be alumina fibres. Instead part of the presently used alumina silicate fibres or other fibres such as quartz fibres can be replaced by alumina fibres. The relative proportion of alumina fibres to total fibres is preferably from 6 to 100% by weight.
When the materials of the invention contain microporous silica aerogel, at least some alumina fibre and opacifier, the preferred and most preferred percentages by weight of those components are as follows:
preferred most preferred silica aerogel 50-97 60-73 total fibre 1-10 2-7 opacifier 2-40 25-40
Instead of using alumina fibres or in addition to alumina fibres, finely divided alumina as an additional component can be included. As with the fibres the alumina used should contain at least 90%, and preferably at least 95%, by weight of alumina. An example of a suitable alumina powder is that sold under the Trade
Name Alox by Degussa GmbH.
When the materials of the invention contain microporous silica aerogel, ceramic fibre which may or may not include alumina, opacifier and alumina as an additional component, the preferred and most preferred percentages by weight of those components are as follows:
preferred most preferred silica aerogel 50-97 60-72 fibre 0.5-10 2-7 opacifier 2-40 25-40 alumina 0.5-10 1-5
The materials of the invention can be used in the production of insulating materials and particularly panels as described in our United
Kingdom Patent Nos. 1 350 661 and No. 1 247 674 to which reference is made for a full description as to the preparation of such panels from the thermal insulating material.
Therefore according to one embodiment of the present invention there is provided insulation in the form of a porous envelope of fibrous material packed with material which is an intimate mixture of microporous silica aerogel, ceramic reinforcing fibres, and optionally an opacifier, the material containing alumina in an amount up to 12% by weight.
According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a thermal insulating panel comprising an outer porous envelope containing a pressure consolidated block of thermal insulating material which is an intimate mixture of microporous silica aerogel, ceramic reinforcing fibres, and optionally an opacifier, the material containing alumina in an amount of up to 12% by weight, the material of the envelope being in a state of tension and the block being bonded during consolidation to the envelope partly by penetration of the particles of the insulating material on the outer surface of the block into the pores of the envelope having taken place under pressure.
Reference is also directed to those Patent
Nos. 1 350 661 and 1 247 674 and to our
United Kingdom Patent No. 1 247 673 for further details of the silica aerogel, and suitable opacifiers and fibres.
The thermal insulating material according to the invention can also be used as an electrical and thermal insulating material in electrical heating units. Examples of such units are heater units for smooth top cooker hobs particularly those where a coiled bare wire heating element rests on or is partially embedded in the insulating layer. The material of the invention is particularly useful as the supporting layer of thermal and electrical insulating material in the heating units described and claimed in our United Kingdom
Patent No. 1 433 478 to which reference is made for a full description.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention however we find that improved smooth top cooker hob heating elements can be prepared using the insulating materials of the invention without the presence of an intermediate layer of bonded ceramic fibres as shown in our above noted United
Kingdom Patent No. 1 433 478. This has the advantage that the heating element can be made somewhat smaller in overall depth because of the elimination of this layer of bonded ceramic fibres.
Therefore, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided an electrical heating unit for a smooth top cooker hob comprising a supporting layer of thermal and electrical insulating material directly supporting an electrical heating element which is in the form of a helically coiled bare wire and which is secured to the insulating material by metal wire staples which engage over parts of the wire convolutions adjacent to the surface of the supporting layer and which pass into but not entirely through the base layer, the material of the supporting layer comprising an intimate mixture of microporous silica aerogel, ceramic reinforcing fibres, and optionally an opacifier, the mixture containing alumina in an amount up to 12% by weight.
As described in our United Kingdom Patent
No. 1 433 478 this base layer of thermal and electrical insulating material can be such that the heating element is held in position solely by virtue of the frictional grip of such material upon the staples.
It is not essential that the surface of the supporting layer of insulating material be strictly planar and instead it can be given a slight spiral depression when being shaped so as to give assistance in the location of the heating element.
A heating unit for a smooth top cooker hob according to the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a cross-section through the unit.
The unit 10 shown in the drawing includes a dish-shaped base 12 of thermal and electrical insulating material. This material is of the type according to the invention containing microporous silica aerogel, an opacifier such as titanium dioxide and alumina fibres and/or particulate alumina.
As can be seen the base 12 has been moulded to a dish-shape having an annular upstanding side wall 12a and a substantially flat upper surface 14. Directly on this surface
14 rests a spirally arranged helically coiled bare wire heating element 16. To the ends of this element 16 are joined electrical supply leads 18 sheathed with electrical and thermal insulation. The convolutions of the heating element are secured in place by staples 24 which pass into but not completely through the base 12. They are held in position by the frictional grip between the staples and the material of the base 12.
The base 12 sits within an outer protective metal pan 20.
A thin ring 22 of a bonded composition of ceramic fibres rests on the upper edge of the side wall 12a. This ring 22 abuts the underside of a glass ceramic sheet (not shown) when the unit is in position in the cooker hob. As an alternative the base 12 may have a flat upper surface 14 with no annular side wall 12a or only a very small side wall, and a much thicker ring 22 of a bonded composition of ceramic fibres may be provided. The advantage of this
is that the ring 22 has a much higher mechanical strength than the material of the base 12. As an alternative the ring 22 can be much thicker.
Because the material of the base 12 contains alumina fibres and/or particulate alumina it has a high resistance to shrinkage at the temperatures of the heating element which can therefore rest directly on the upper surface 14 of the base 12. Thus because there need be no additional disc of ceramic material between the surface 14 and the heating element, the overall depth of the unit 10 can be reduced as compared with the heating unit shown in the above noted United Kingdom Patent No.
1 433 478.
EXAMPLE 1
One thermal insulating material according to the invention for use as the base 12, consists of an intimate mixture of:
parts by weight microporous silica aerogel
(Aerosil) 62 titanium dioxide 31 alumina fibres (Saffil) 7
EXAMPLE 2
Another material according to the invention and containing particulate alumina consists o of an intimate mixture of:
parts by weight microporous silica aerogel
(Aerosil) 60 titanium dioxide 31 alumina silicate fibres 7 alumina (Alox) 2
The words Aerosil and Cabosil are registered
Trade Marks.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. Thermal insulation material comprising an intimate mixture of a microporous silica aerogel (as herein defined) and ceramic re
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (18)
1 433 478.
EXAMPLE 1
One thermal insulating material according to the invention for use as the base 12, consists of an intimate mixture of:
parts by weight microporous silica aerogel
(Aerosil) 62 titanium dioxide 31 alumina fibres (Saffil) 7
EXAMPLE 2
Another material according to the invention and containing particulate alumina consists o of an intimate mixture of:
parts by weight microporous silica aerogel
(Aerosil) 60 titanium dioxide 31 alumina silicate fibres 7 alumina (Alox) 2
The words Aerosil and Cabosil are registered
Trade Marks.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. Thermal insulation material comprising an intimate mixture of a microporous silica aerogel (as herein defined) and ceramic re
inforcing fibres, the mixture containing alumina in an amount up to 12% by weight.
2. Material as claimed in Claim 1 which additionally includes an opacifier.
3. Thermal insulation material comprising an intimate mixture of microporous silica aerogel (as herein defined), an opacifier and alumina fibres in a proportion of up to 12% by weight.
4 Material as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3 in which the opacifier is phase-stabilized black ferrosoferric oxide, iron oxide, manganese dioxide,/titanium dioxide, chromium dioxide zirconium dioxide, ilemnite rutile or carbon black.
5. Material as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4 in which the proportion of opacifier is from 2 to 100% of the weight of silica.
6. Material as claimed in Claim 5 in which the proportion of opacifier is from 5 to 80% of the weight of the silica.
7. Material as claimed in any preceding claim which contains from 1 to 7% by weight of alumina fibres.
8. Material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 which contains at least some alumina fibres and in which the percentages by weight of the components are:
silica aerogel 50-97,
fibre 1-10, opacifier 2-40.
9. Material as claimed in Claim 8 in which the percentages by weight of the components are:
silica aerogel 60-73,
fibre 2-7,
opacifier 25-40.
10. Material as claimed in any preceding claim which contains alumina as an additional component, the percentages by weight of the components being:
silica aerogel 50-97
fibre 0.5-10
opacifier 2-40
alumina 0.5-10.
11. Material as claimed in Claim 10 in which the percentages by weight of the components are:
silica aerogel 60-72
fibre 2-7
opacifier 25-40
alumina 1-5.
12. Thermal insulating material substantially as herein described with reference to either
Example.
13. A heating unit for a smooth top cooker hob comprising a heating element and thermal insulation in the form of a supporting layer beneath the element, the thermal insulation being a material as claimed in any preceding claim.
14. Insulation in the form of a porous envelope of fibrous material packed with material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 12.
15. A thermal insulating panel comprising an outer porous envelope containing a pressure consolidate block of thermal insulating material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 12, the material of the envelope being in a state of tension and the block being bonded at least partly to the envelope by penetration of the particles of the insulating material on the outer surface of the block into the pores of the envelope having taken place under pressure.
16. An electrical heating unit for a smooth top cooker hob comprising a supporting layer of thermal and electrical insulating material directly supporting an electrical heating element which is in the form of a helically coiled bare wire and which is secured to the insulating material by metal wire staples which engage over parts of the wire convolutions adjacent to the surface of the supporting layer and which pass into, but not entirely through the base layer, the material of the supporting layer comprising an intimate mixture of microporous silica aerogel (as herein defined) and ceramic reinforcing fibres, the mixture containing alumina in an amount up to 12% by weight.
17. A unit as claimed in Claim 16 in which the material of the supporting layer is a material as claimed in any of claims 2 to 12.
18. An electrical heating unit substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5524/77A GB1580909A (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1977-02-10 | Thermal insulation material |
NZ186414A NZ186414A (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-08 | Thermal insulation material a heating unit fora smooth top cooker hob and a thermal insulating panel |
IT20124/78A IT1110454B (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-09 | THERMALLY INSULATING MATERIAL |
ES466816A ES466816A1 (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-09 | Thermal insulation material |
DE2858342A DE2858342C2 (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | |
ZA00780831A ZA78831B (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | Improvements in thermal insulation material |
BE185073A BE863856A (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS |
CA296,679A CA1108386A (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | Thermal insulation material |
AU33171/78A AU516254B2 (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | Thermal insulating material and panel |
FR7804477A FR2380238B1 (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS |
DE2806367A DE2806367C2 (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-02-10 | Thermally insulating material and its uses |
ES475155A ES475155A1 (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1978-11-16 | Thermal insulation material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5524/77A GB1580909A (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1977-02-10 | Thermal insulation material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1580909A true GB1580909A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
Family
ID=9797821
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB5524/77A Expired GB1580909A (en) | 1977-02-10 | 1977-02-10 | Thermal insulation material |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU516254B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE863856A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1108386A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2806367C2 (en) |
ES (2) | ES466816A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2380238B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1580909A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1110454B (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ186414A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA78831B (en) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2471958A1 (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1981-06-26 | Micropore International Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE CONFORMATION OF THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS |
JPS58145652A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1983-08-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Calcium silicate formed body |
GB2149280A (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1985-06-05 | Cannon Ind Ltd | Electric grill |
GB2161048A (en) * | 1984-06-30 | 1986-01-02 | John Peter Jones | Heating device and method of making the same |
GB2198619A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-15 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | Radiant heating element |
US4801415A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1989-01-31 | Micropore International Limited | Method for forming shaped pieces of insulation |
US4985163A (en) * | 1979-11-17 | 1991-01-15 | Consortium Fur Elektrochemische Industrie Gmbh | Shaped heat-insulating body and process of making the same |
EP0518513A3 (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1994-04-27 | Zortech Int | |
EP0612196A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-24 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Method of manufacturing a radiant electric heater |
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Families Citing this family (24)
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AU529558B2 (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1983-06-09 | Consortium Fur Elektrochemische Industrie Gmbh | Agglomereted mixtures of metel oxides |
WO1981003170A1 (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1981-11-12 | Aalborg Portland Cement | Shaped article and composite material and method for producing same |
DE3020326C2 (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1985-12-19 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Radiant heater with an electrical heating coil, in particular for a glass ceramic hotplate |
DE3129239A1 (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-02-10 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen | ELECTRIC RADIATOR FOR HEATING A PLATE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3144661A1 (en) * | 1981-11-10 | 1983-05-19 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | HEATING PLATE |
GB8414526D0 (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1984-07-11 | Micropore International Ltd | Tubes of microporous thermal insulation material |
DE3503649C2 (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1997-05-22 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Radiant heaters for cooking appliances with a bright or high temperature radiant heating element |
DE3520955A1 (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-18 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | CATALYST EXHAUST WITH HEAT INSULATION |
DE3536981A1 (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1987-04-23 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | OVERHEATING PROTECTION SWITCH OF A RADIATION HEATING |
GB8625556D0 (en) * | 1986-10-25 | 1986-11-26 | Micropore International Ltd | Radiant heaters |
DE3640653A1 (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-09 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | CATALYST EXHAUST WITH HEAT INSULATION |
DE3702481A1 (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1988-08-11 | Philips Patentverwaltung | GAS DISCHARGE LAMP |
DE3914850A1 (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1990-11-08 | Basf Ag | THERMAL INSULATING MATERIAL BASED ON PIGMENT-BASED SILICONE ACULATE ARRAY |
DE4019898A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-01-02 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FIXING HEATING RESISTORS ON A CARRIER |
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US3094385A (en) * | 1960-10-13 | 1963-06-18 | Gen Electric | Method for the preparation of alumina fibers |
GB1205572A (en) * | 1966-09-29 | 1970-09-16 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to thermal insulation materials and to a method of making such materials |
FR1533770A (en) * | 1967-08-08 | 1968-07-19 | Foseco Trading Ag | Shaped products with heat-insulating and refractory action |
GB1247674A (en) * | 1967-11-11 | 1971-09-29 | Micropore Insulation Ltd | Improvements in insulating materials |
GB1328493A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1973-08-30 | Morganite Ceramics Fibres Ltd | Refractory insulating compositions |
GB1350661A (en) * | 1970-06-10 | 1974-04-18 | Micropore International Ltd | Thermal insulating materials |
US3835054A (en) * | 1972-07-10 | 1974-09-10 | Nalco Chemical Co | Method for preparation of thermal insulation board |
GB1433478A (en) * | 1972-08-05 | 1976-04-28 | Mcwilliams J A | Electrical heating apparatus |
-
1977
- 1977-02-10 GB GB5524/77A patent/GB1580909A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-02-08 NZ NZ186414A patent/NZ186414A/en unknown
- 1978-02-09 IT IT20124/78A patent/IT1110454B/en active
- 1978-02-09 ES ES466816A patent/ES466816A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-10 DE DE2806367A patent/DE2806367C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-02-10 ZA ZA00780831A patent/ZA78831B/en unknown
- 1978-02-10 BE BE185073A patent/BE863856A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-10 AU AU33171/78A patent/AU516254B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-10 DE DE2858342A patent/DE2858342C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-02-10 FR FR7804477A patent/FR2380238B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-10 CA CA296,679A patent/CA1108386A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-16 ES ES475155A patent/ES475155A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4985163A (en) * | 1979-11-17 | 1991-01-15 | Consortium Fur Elektrochemische Industrie Gmbh | Shaped heat-insulating body and process of making the same |
FR2471958A1 (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1981-06-26 | Micropore International Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE CONFORMATION OF THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS |
JPS58145652A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1983-08-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Calcium silicate formed body |
US4574012A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-03-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Calcium silicate shaped product |
JPS6257590B2 (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1987-12-01 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | |
GB2149280A (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1985-06-05 | Cannon Ind Ltd | Electric grill |
GB2161048A (en) * | 1984-06-30 | 1986-01-02 | John Peter Jones | Heating device and method of making the same |
US4801415A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1989-01-31 | Micropore International Limited | Method for forming shaped pieces of insulation |
GB2198619A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-15 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | Radiant heating element |
GB2198619B (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1990-03-21 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | Radiant heating element |
EP0518513A3 (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1994-04-27 | Zortech Int | |
EP0612198A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-24 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Electrical heating element and heater incorporating same |
EP0612196A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-24 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Method of manufacturing a radiant electric heater |
EP0612199A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-24 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Electrical heating element, its manufacture and use |
EP0612197A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-24 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Method of manufacturing a radiant electric heater |
EP0612195A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-24 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Radiant electric heater and method of manufacture |
US5699606A (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1997-12-23 | Ceramaspeed Limited | Method of manufacturing a radiant electric heater |
GB2293952A (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 1996-04-10 | Redring Electric Ltd | A heating unit for a ceramic hob |
WO2001009057A1 (en) * | 1999-07-31 | 2001-02-08 | Microtherm International Limited | Method of manufacturing a thermal insulation body |
US6921506B1 (en) | 1999-07-31 | 2005-07-26 | Microtherm International Limited | Method of manufacturing a thermal insulation body |
US6706848B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2004-03-16 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing polycarbonate |
CN100386260C (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2008-05-07 | 长安大学 | Method for preparing brucite fiber reinforced SiO2 aerogel heat-insulating material |
EP2073601A2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | Eika, S.Coop | Electric radiant heater |
CN113272475A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-08-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Composite component |
CN112266269A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | In-situ preparation method of heat insulation material |
CN113716572A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-30 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | Preparation method of alumina-silica aerogel composite material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2380238A1 (en) | 1978-09-08 |
DE2858342C2 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
ES475155A1 (en) | 1980-01-01 |
DE2806367A1 (en) | 1978-08-17 |
NZ186414A (en) | 1980-10-24 |
BE863856A (en) | 1978-05-29 |
ZA78831B (en) | 1979-01-31 |
ES466816A1 (en) | 1979-01-16 |
AU3317178A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
IT7820124A0 (en) | 1978-02-09 |
CA1108386A (en) | 1981-09-08 |
DE2806367C2 (en) | 1990-01-25 |
IT1110454B (en) | 1985-12-23 |
AU516254B2 (en) | 1981-05-28 |
FR2380238B1 (en) | 1985-09-13 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 19980208 |