EP0355388A1 - Elément de chauffage par rayonnement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de fabrication - Google Patents
Elément de chauffage par rayonnement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0355388A1 EP0355388A1 EP89113041A EP89113041A EP0355388A1 EP 0355388 A1 EP0355388 A1 EP 0355388A1 EP 89113041 A EP89113041 A EP 89113041A EP 89113041 A EP89113041 A EP 89113041A EP 0355388 A1 EP0355388 A1 EP 0355388A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating coil
- insulating material
- insulating
- insulating body
- radiant heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49083—Heater type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a radiant heater, in particular for use in heating glass ceramic hot plates, baking roasters or the like. as well as a method and a device for its production.
- the heating coils are attached to insulating bodies for radiant heaters either by inserting them into the grooves of the insulating body, by fastening them on the surface of the insulating body with clips or by embedding the heating coil in a damp insulating body into which the heating coil is pressed and fixed there after drying.
- This latter method has been shown to be very advantageous, but is relatively complex and requires a predominantly fibrous insulating material that has good mechanical strength, but is therefore somewhat lower in the thermal insulating properties.
- This iso Lier bodies are therefore usually underlaid with a layer of an Aerosil, which, however, has good mechanical resistance and excellent electrical and thermal insulation properties, a lower mechanical strength.
- the object of the invention is to propose a radiant heater and a method and a device for its production, in which disadvantages of known solutions are avoided and in which, in particular, embedding of the heating coils in the insulating body is possible with a good hold therein.
- the insulating body of a radiant heater with heating coils partially embedded therein is preferably produced by filling the interior of the heating coil over a section of its cross-sectional area with the filler material which can be introduced into the interior of the heating coil and then applying the insulating material so that it is free of filler material Fills the space inside the heating coil, after which the filling material is then removed.
- the filling material can be a flowable material, for example quartz sand.
- the insulating material can be poured in dry form onto the heating coils lying on a suitable base, partially filled with the filling material, preferably a free-flowing material, in particular an airgel based on pyrogenic silica or aluminum oxide, optionally with fiber reinforcement and with binding agent, as the insulating material. and opacifiers is used.
- a free-flowing material in particular an airgel based on pyrogenic silica or aluminum oxide, optionally with fiber reinforcement and with binding agent, as the insulating material. and opacifiers is used.
- the insulating material can be pressed before the filling material is removed, so that it forms a relatively solid block, which under many conditions alone is sufficient to ensure the necessary strength.
- the filling material has penetrated between the turns of the heating coils and partially enclosed them.
- the shape of the part of the insulating body which forms the embedding and remains in the interior of the heating coil can also be determined by the size of the filling material in the interior of the heating coil and possibly also a certain shape with a concave or convex surface. This can also be done by designing the heating coil as an upstanding oval. It is thus possible to extend the pressing pressure even into the interior of the heating coil, without the heating coil itself being deformed thereby or the insulating body being additionally damaged if, for example, a heating coil is pressed into the dry, pre-pressed insulating body itself.
- the resulting insulating body has, apart from a good definition of the heating coil, the advantage that part of its inner cross-sectional area is free of insulating material, so that the radiation conditions of the radiant heater are good and the insulating body is not unnecessarily thermally stressed or heated.
- the insulating body can preferably be thermally cured after pressing. If necessary, this can also happen during the first use or during a test run. It can corresponding known curing agents are used. It is also possible to introduce a hardening agent into the filling material and to let it penetrate from there into the adjacent areas of the insulating material. In this case, the embedding points would preferably be hardened, which results in an ideal insulating body with increased strength in the area of the embedding, but otherwise the best thermal insulation properties. In the case of multi-component hardeners, only one component of this hardening agent could also be present in the filler material.
- a preferred device for producing radiant heaters of the type described contains a tool in which the heating coils are partially accommodated in grooves and a device for partially filling a flowable or free-flowing filler material in the grooves and a pressing device for subsequent embedding pressing of the heating coil with the Insulating material.
- the free-flowing material is preferably incompressible and forms a "counter-pressure stamp" located inside the heating coil, on which the insulating material can be firmly pressed.
- a preferred radiant heater can be produced, which inside is filled with the insulating material over a section of its inner cross section by embedding it in the insulating material, whereby the heating coil is fixed to the insulating body.
- the insulating material can particularly preferably consist of a free-flowing substance, in particular an airgel of the type already mentioned.
- the radiant heater is particularly known for this is characterized in that the surface of the section of the insulating body lying inside the heating coil is the impression of the filler material which can be introduced into the inside of the heating coil.
- the distance between the individual turns of the heating coil should be greater than the wire thickness so that a good penetration of the filler material on the one hand and the insulating material on the other hand is possible inside the heating coil and that the heating coil which holds the heating coil between the Insulating body webs extending through wire windings have a sufficient cross section.
- Fig. 1 shows a device 11 which is arranged on a tool table or stand 12 and carries a tool 13 which has the shape of a plate with grooves 14 formed on its upper side, which have a substantially semicircular cross section.
- the grooves run on the upper tool surface 15, for example in a spiral, zigzag or meandering shape, depending on how heating coils 16 are to be arranged on the surface of an insulating body.
- the tool can have recesses in the edge area which, for example, form a peripheral edge of an insulating body.
- Heating coils 16 are inserted into the grooves 14 and partially protrude from the grooves.
- the proportion of the heating coil cross section that protrudes upward from the grooves, together with the groove depth, determines the height of the later embedding of the heating coils in an insulating body 21.
- a filling material 17 which consists for example of quartz sand as the main constituent, is introduced into the grooves 14. It is also possible to use a material such as wax or stearin that is liquid when warm.
- the filling material is preferably filled in so far that its surface is essentially flush with the upper tool surface 15. However, it can also be slightly above or below, and it can also take on a certain shape through appropriate introduction or after-treatment steps, for example a concave or convex shape, which then also determines the shape of the insulating body at this point. This could be done, for example, by shaking or other measures.
- the shape of the grooves does not have to correspond exactly to the heating coils. It should only be such that the heating coils are guided well during processing. Around however, to avoid an external enclosure of the heating coils in the groove area; the grooves should be matched relatively precisely to the heating coils. A shaping of the grooves according to the individual turns should only be necessary in exceptional cases.
- the filler material could also be introduced before the heating coils if, for example, the heating coils were introduced into the grooves from above by a vibration process under appropriate pressure. It would also do no harm if the filler material still grips under the heating coils, because the filler material acts just like a fixed tool stamp due to its incompressibility
- An insulating material is poured onto the tool 13 prepared in this way, which is preferably an airgel based on pyrogenic silica or aluminum oxide and can optionally contain a fiber reinforcement. It contains conventional binders and opacifiers, for example ilmenite, iron oxide or the like.
- the insulating material is very light and free-flowing and penetrates well between the turns of the heating filaments and fills the portion 20 of the interior of the heating filament not occupied by the filling material 17 up to the surface of the filling material.
- This dry, pourable insulating material 21 is then pressed by a press ram 22 with an indicated, for example hydraulic, pressing device 23 against the tool 13.
- the section 20 lying inside the heating coil is also compressed by insulating material being pushed through the windings.
- a largely homogeneous body made of pressed dry insulating material is formed. It can then be heat treated to contain ther in the opacifiers or binders to let mix-hardening materials of known consistency take effect.
- Their proportion and the degree of pressing depends on the requirements for the strength and, in particular, the abrasion resistance of the insulating body.
- An additional partial hardening in the area of the embedding can be done by adding a hardening agent to the filler material 17, which is pressed out of the filler material during the pressing or also penetrates capillary into the adjacent parts of the insulating body. It is also possible to provide the insulating body with different proportions of hardening additives and to increase the dosage on the heating coils.
- the dry-pressed insulating body 21 is removed from the device 11 by moving the device parts 13, 22 apart.
- the filling material 17 trickles itself between the turns of the heating coils 16 or remains in the grooves from where it can either be used immediately or removed by shaking off, blowing off or suctioning off and, if necessary, can be used again after refurbishment.
- Suitable as filling material are all free-flowing or to some extent flowable materials that are largely incompressible and cannot be displaced like a pure liquid or penetrate into the insulating material, for example due to the inherent friction of the individual particles from which they consist. Accordingly, the consistency will usually be between “dusty” and “granular”, or liquid when using wax or stearin.
- FIG. 2 and 3 show the finished radiant heater in its position of use with the direction of radiation upwards
- a glass ceramic plate 23 is shown, under which the radiant heater 24 is arranged and shines through it upwards.
- the radiant heater is also suitable for other applications, for example for heating ovens etc.
- the radiator can also be clearly distinguished from radiators produced differently, because normally in the region of the section 37 located in the interior of the heating coil, its surface 26 has a different structure than the surface 35 formed by the tool 13. This usually begins Structured surface 26 is already slightly outside of the heating coil 16 and forms a small edge 27 there. Depending on the degree of filling of the filling material 17, the surface 26 is slightly higher or possibly also lower than the surface 35. If the grooves 14 are just filled, Before the pressing begins, the surface 26 is somewhat higher because the filling material settles somewhat during the pressing.
- the surface 26 and possibly also the surface 35 can be designed in a simple manner as desired.
- the heating coil in the region of a rib running parallel to it or also crossing it, or of a longitudinal projection. This can be achieved by appropriate design of the surface of the tool 13 and the grooves and by a special shape of the bed.
- the pouring could take place through pouring channels or nozzles running along the grooves, which produce a specific pattern of the filling material inside the heating coil.
- a concave shape of the section 17 which is adapted to the curvature of the turns of the heating coil can be achieved.
- the area under a heating coil could also be poured a little less high through a covering through the applied heating coil, so that the insulating material comes to be somewhat higher at this point and therefore encloses it ß especially allows the heating coil.
- the surface 26 in FIG. 2 would have a corrugated shape, which descends between the heating coils.
- the insulating body section 37 preferably comprises only the lower part, for example a third to half the circumference of the turns of the heating coil 16. This is sufficient for a good fixing. It is important that considerable portions of the heating coil and accordingly a section 36, which preferably occupies more than half of the heating coil cross section, are free of the insulating body in order to be able to radiate freely.
- the embedded and non-binding parts change depending on the nature of the insulating material and the strength and usage requirements for the radiant heater. The use of oval heating coils arranged upright is particularly favorable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89113041T ATE86373T1 (de) | 1988-08-19 | 1989-07-15 | Strahlheizkoerper sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3828192 | 1988-08-19 | ||
DE3828192A DE3828192A1 (de) | 1988-08-19 | 1988-08-19 | Strahlheizkoerper sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0355388A1 true EP0355388A1 (fr) | 1990-02-28 |
EP0355388B1 EP0355388B1 (fr) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=6361194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89113041A Expired - Lifetime EP0355388B1 (fr) | 1988-08-19 | 1989-07-15 | Elément de chauffage par rayonnement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de fabrication |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5048176A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0355388B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0282486A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE86373T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3828192A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2038806T3 (fr) |
YU (1) | YU159589A (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE501098C2 (sv) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-11-14 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Anordning för försegling, sätt vid framställning av en förseglingsback och användning |
GB2278261B (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-07-03 | Ceramaspeed Ltd | Method of manufacturing a radiant electric heater |
DE19506685A1 (de) * | 1995-02-25 | 1996-08-29 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Elektrischer Strahlungsheizkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE19522798A1 (de) † | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-02 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Strahlungsheizkörpers und Strahlungsheizkörper |
JP3826961B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-25 | 2006-09-27 | ローム株式会社 | 加熱体およびその製造方法 |
JP3408137B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 2003-05-19 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 加熱調理装置 |
DE20304982U1 (de) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-08-05 | Krieger, Detlev, Dipl.-Ing. | Elektrische Widerstandsheizvorrichtung |
DE20304976U1 (de) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-07-29 | Krieger, Detlev, Dipl.-Ing. | Elektrische Widerstandsheizvorrichtung |
GB0811980D0 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2008-07-30 | Ceramaspeed Ltd | Radiant electric heater |
US20210041108A1 (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-11 | Eidon, Llc | Apparatuses for radiant heating |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2820138A1 (de) * | 1978-05-09 | 1979-11-15 | Karl Fischer | Strahlungs-heizeinheit insbesondere fuer glaskeramik-elektrokochgeraete |
EP0071048A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-02-09 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Elément de chauffage électrique par radiation et procédé pour sa fabrication |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3436816A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-04-08 | Jerome H Lemelson | Method of making heat transfer panelling |
US3500444A (en) * | 1968-01-16 | 1970-03-10 | Johns Manville | Electrical heating unit with an insulating refractory support |
US4091355A (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-05-23 | Btu Engineering Corporation | Anchored coil heater |
US4207672A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-06-17 | Aerospex Corporation | Heater element mounting |
DE3206508C2 (de) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-02-27 | KERFA GmbH Industriebeheizungen, 5820 Gevelsberg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Keramikfaser-Flächenheizelementes |
DE3519350A1 (de) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-04 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen | Strahlungs-heizeinheit |
DE3527413A1 (de) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-02-12 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Elektrischer strahlheizkoerper zur beheizung von heizflaechen sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung |
DE3527533A1 (de) * | 1985-08-01 | 1987-02-12 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Elektrokochplatte |
DE3602541A1 (de) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-07-30 | Rommelsbacher & Co Elektrowaer | Heizwendeltraeger, damit versehene kochplatte und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
EP0234373A3 (fr) * | 1986-02-26 | 1988-03-02 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Unité de cuisson avec élément chauffant radiant |
DE3709608A1 (de) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-06 | Rommelsbacher & Co Elektrowaer | Verfahren zum herstellen eines heizwendeltraegers und formwerkzeug zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
DE8706277U1 (fr) * | 1987-05-01 | 1987-06-25 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geraete Blanc U. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen, De |
-
1988
- 1988-08-19 DE DE3828192A patent/DE3828192A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-07-15 ES ES198989113041T patent/ES2038806T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-15 EP EP89113041A patent/EP0355388B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-15 AT AT89113041T patent/ATE86373T1/de active
- 1989-07-15 DE DE8989113041T patent/DE58903642D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-25 US US07/385,008 patent/US5048176A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-02 JP JP1199537A patent/JPH0282486A/ja active Pending
- 1989-08-14 YU YU159589A patent/YU159589A/sh unknown
-
1991
- 1991-04-24 US US07/690,709 patent/US5196678A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2820138A1 (de) * | 1978-05-09 | 1979-11-15 | Karl Fischer | Strahlungs-heizeinheit insbesondere fuer glaskeramik-elektrokochgeraete |
EP0071048A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-02-09 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Elément de chauffage électrique par radiation et procédé pour sa fabrication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0355388B1 (fr) | 1993-03-03 |
ATE86373T1 (de) | 1993-03-15 |
DE58903642D1 (de) | 1993-04-08 |
ES2038806T3 (es) | 1993-08-01 |
JPH0282486A (ja) | 1990-03-23 |
US5048176A (en) | 1991-09-17 |
DE3828192A1 (de) | 1990-02-22 |
US5196678A (en) | 1993-03-23 |
YU159589A (sh) | 1992-07-20 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE ES FR GB IT LI SE |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900704 |
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