EP0070770A1 - Device for resting a floor on a wall, and construction method for applying said device - Google Patents

Abstract

In a wall (M), an insulating layer (IM) is provided all around the place where the floor is located. Embedded in the wall at certain points are open bearing boxes (1) with the general shape of a half-truncated prism, the side and top walls of which are of insulating material, while their bottom part is, for example, of neoprene. A pin (5) is fitted into bends (12 and 13) defined by reinforcements (10) incorporated in the floor, after which the floor is poured not only on its actual reinforcements, but also inside the box. Since the pin (5) furthermore engages in a receptacle situated below the box, both transverse anchorage and vertical anchorage between the floor and wall are thus achieved. The invention also permits excellent insulation to be obtained, between the same floor and the wall. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to the construction of buildings, in particular those for which excellent thermal insulation is sought.

With common construction processes, the floors are in close thermal contact with the exterior walls. When excellent thermal insulation is achieved, in particular at the level of the openings, the fact remains that the thermal conduction through the floor and the walls allows the transfer of a significant amount of heat. And attempts to solve this problem come up against real difficulties: they lead to construction methods that are poorly accepted by the builders and / or the users, or that are not technically satisfactory.

The present invention, on the contrary, provides an elegant solution to this problem, which also offers the advantage of being easily inserted into the usual construction methods, and even eliminating some of their implementation disadvantages.

• - une boîte ouverte définie par au moins une paroi latérale s'appuyant sur le contour arqué d'un fond inférieur plat, tandis que le bord libre du fond et les bords libres latéraux de la paroi sont sensiblement coplanaires,
• - la paroi latérale de cette boîte comprenant un matériau isolant continu,
• - le fond inférieur de la boite comprenant une couche déformable, et étant susceptible d'un perçage sensiblement en son centre,
• - la boite étant destinée à être encastrée dans un-mur, ses bords coplanaires affleurant sur la surface de celui-ci, tandis que des fers d'une armature du plancher viennent former un coude autour d'un goujon vertical engagé, à travers le perçage du fond inférieur de la boîte, dans un alvéole du mur, l'ensemble étant solidarisé au coulage du béton du plancher, ce qui permet une liaison mécanique avec une excellente isolation thermique entre plancher et mur.

An essential element of this solution consists of a device for supporting the floor on a wall, which generally comprises:

• an open box defined by at least one side wall resting on the arcuate outline of a flat bottom bottom, while the free edge of the bottom and the side free edges of the wall are substantially coplanar,
• - the side wall of this box comprising a continuous insulating material,
• the lower bottom of the box comprising a deformable layer, and being capable of being pierced substantially in its center,
• - the box being intended to be embedded in a wall, its coplanar edges flush with the surface of this one, while irons of a reinforcement of the floor come to form an elbow around a vertical stud engaged, through the drilling of the lower bottom of the box, in a cell of the wall, the whole being secured to the pouring floor concrete, which allows a mechanical connection with excellent thermal insulation between floor and wall.

In the vast majority of cases, the box is completed with an upper bottom which also includes an insulating material, and is also capable of being drilled, for the vertical positioning of the stud.

In an embodiment currently considered preferential, the box is in the form of a half-prism trunk with regular octagonal base. However, it is also possible to use a box in the form of a half-cylinder trunk with a circular base.

On the other hand, in terms of its structure, the box can have its shape defined by a rigid thin envelope, preferably made of synthetic material, at least as far as its side wall is concerned.

Alternatively, the aforementioned continuous insulating material is itself rigid and directly defines the shape of the box.

According to another aspect of the invention, the side wall of the box has lateral extensions towards the outside, substantially coplanar with the free edges of the box.

Very advantageously, the lower bottom of the box has a pocket towards the outside, capable of defining for the stud an oblong cell according to the large horizontal dimension of the wall.

Preferably, the continuous insulating material is a cellular synthetic material, such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene foam. For its part, the bottom of the box is made of neoprene-type synthetic rubber.

From the support device defined above, the invention also provides a construction method, of the type in which exterior walls are then made, by pouring concrete onto reinforcements, then at least one floor.

• a) insérer de place en place dans les murs des dispositifs d'appui tels que définis selon l'invention,
• b) munir les murs d'une couche isolante au niveau des emplacements de plancher,
• c) prévoir dans l'armature de plancher des coudes engagés à l'intérieur de chacun des dispositifs d'appui,
• d) faire passer dans chaque dispositif d'appui un goujon vertical engagé dans un alvéole du mur sous le dispositif d'appui, et passant dans le ou les coudes correspondants de l'armature, après quoi le coulage du béton du plancher solidarise le goujon au plancher, dont la partie entrant dans le creux du dispositif d'appui assure la liaison mécanique avec le mur.

The proposed process is remarkable for the following operations:

• a) insert from place to place in the walls support devices as defined according to the invention,
• b) provide the walls with an insulating layer at the floor locations,
• c) provide elbows engaged inside each of the support devices in the floor reinforcement,
• d) passing in each support device a vertical stud engaged in a cell of the wall under the support device, and passing through the corresponding elbow (s) of the frame, after which the pouring of the concrete from the floor secures the stud to the floor, the part of which enters the hollow of the support device provides the mechanical connection with the wall.

• - la fixation de la boîte au coffrage du mur, à l'aide d'un plot adapté à l'intérieur de la boîte et retenu dans celle-ci par le goujon, et le coulage du béton, tandis que l'opération b) de mise en place de la couche isolante peut se faire entre les boîtes ainsi fixées par les plots,
• le goujon étant ensuite enlevé pour extraire les plots avant l'opération c).

According to another aspect of the invention, operations a) comprises:

• - fixing the box to the formwork of the wall, using a suitable stud inside the box and retained in it by the stud, and pouring the concrete, while operation b) the insulating layer can be placed between the boxes thus fixed by the studs,
• the stud is then removed to extract the studs before operation c).

• - les figures 1A à 1C illustrent une boite de fixation selon la présente invention, ainsi que sa mise en oeuvre dans le cadre du procédé de construction proposé;
• - les figures 2 et 3 sont respectivement des coupes horizontales et verticales de la boîte d'appui ;
• - la figure 4 est également une coupe verticale de la boite d'appui, mais après mise en place du plancher, armature et bétonnage ; et
• - la figure 5 est une vue de dessus de la même boite dans son mur, montrant mieux la mise en place des armatures du plancher.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• - Figures 1A to 1C illustrate a fixing box according to the present invention, as well as its implementation works as part of the proposed construction process;
• - Figures 2 and 3 are respectively horizontal and vertical sections of the support box;
• - Figure 4 is also a vertical section of the support box, but after installation of the floor, reinforcement and concreting; and
• - Figure 5 is a top view of the same box in its wall, better showing the establishment of the floor reinforcement.

Before describing the present invention in detail, it seems useful to recall the construction method commonly used at present.

Traditionally, in situ cast floor supports are made continuously on load-bearing walls.

• - les déperditions thermiques linéiques sont importantes : elles sont de l'ordre de 0,6 à 0,7 watts par mètre linéaire et par degré centigrade, c'est-à-dire que si le mur est à forte isolation, 1 mètre linéaire de jonction correspond à 1 à 2 m² de paroi au point de vue de la déperdition thermique.
• - ces jonctions constituent, très souvent, des hétérogénéités thermiques, provoquant des condensations, ainsi que des altérations du revêtement et de ses finitions.
• - l'utilisation, en extérieur, de murs à forte isolation peut conduire à d'importantes dilatations thermiques différentielles entre le mur extérieur et le plancher intérieur, d'où des risques de fissurations importantes, qui sont constatées en pratique.

This system has several drawbacks:

• - the linear thermal losses are significant: they are of the order of 0.6 to 0.7 watts per linear meter and per centigrade degree, that is to say that if the wall is highly insulated, 1 linear meter junction corresponds to 1 to 2 m ² of wall in terms of heat loss.
• - these junctions very often constitute thermal heterogeneities, causing condensations, as well as alterations to the coating and its finishes.
• - the use, outside, of highly insulated walls can lead to significant differential thermal expansions between the exterior wall and the interior floor, hence the risk of significant cracks, which are observed in practice.

A known and often used solution consists in carrying out thermal insulation from the outside. If it has certain advantages, this solution also has contraindications, which limit its use. These contraindications are both technical, and aesthetic in nature: users often accept it quite badly.

The solution proposed according to the present invention can be considered as involving point supports between the floor and the wall, these point supports being accompanied by an insulating break.

In FIG. 1A, the reference numeral 1 designates a box, generally consisting of a side wall 2, a lower bottom 3 and an upper bottom 4. It can immediately be seen that this box is open. The lower bottom 3, as well as the upper bottom 4, which is moreover not always imperative, define an arcuate contour on which the side wall 2 rests.

In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the free edge 38 of the bottom 3 and the free lateral edges 26 and 27 of the side wall 2 are substantially coplanar.

In the preferred embodiment shown, the box is in the form of a half-prism trunk with a regular octagonal base. We can immediately see that the sides 21, 22 and 24 belong to an octagon, of which 23 and 25 are half-sides. Although this shape is currently considered preferable, in particular to allow the reinforcement proper to the wall M of FIG. 1A, it is possible to use other prismatic or cylindrical shapes with a regular base, and in particular a shape in the form of a half-cylinder trunk. with circular base.

The side wall 2 and the upper bottom 4 of the box comprise a continuous insulating material, which has in Figures 2 and 3 the references 21 to 25 and 40. This material can itself be used to define the shape of the box, having then sufficient rigidity, in particular to be formable.

However, in a preferred embodiment, the shape of the box is defined by a rigid thin envelope, preferably made of synthetic material, which has in FIG. 2 the references 31 to 35. It can also be seen in FIG. 2 that this side wall of the box has outward lateral extensions 36 and 37, which are substantially coplanar with the free edges of the box.

In this preferred embodiment, FIG. 3 shows that the lower bottom of the box also comprises a plastic envelope, generally designated by 39, and provided with a socket 60, capable of defining towards the outside a cell that will be described later in detail. Above this lower bottom 39 is placed a deformable layer 43, this layer being capable of being pierced with a hole 42 substantially at its center, and at the level of the socket 60. Optionally, the hole can be made in advance, or obtained by crossing layer 3, as will be seen below.

As shown in Figures lA and 1B, the box is intended to be embedded in the wall M, its coplanar edges flush with the surface thereof, while the irons 10 of a frame of a floor P form a elbow 12, 13 around a vertical stud 5 engaged, through the bore 42 of the lower bottom of the box, in the cell 6 of the wall, the assembly being secured to the pouring of concrete to the floor P on the formwork CP. This allows a mechanical connection with excellent thermal insulation between floor and wall. For this, provision is also preferably made of an insulating layer IM at the floor locations, this layer being incorporated into the interior face of the wall. In FIG. 1B, the reference AM generally designates the floor reinforcement, while the reference 11 designates spacers between several floor irons 10, which will give elbows 12 and 13 cooperating with the box according to the invention. FIG. 1C illustrates the appearance of the devices after completion of the operations. We see a stage of wall M, the insulation IM between the wall and the floor, the floor itself P, as well as the upper bottom 4 of the box according to the invention.

Figure 2 also shows that the cell 6 defined vertically in the wall M below the box has an oblong character in the longitudinal direction of the wall. In combination with the deformability of the neoprene layer43, this allows relative play between the floor and the wall. For its part, Figure 3 shows in the upper part, in the upper bottom of the box, a hole 41 homologous with the hole 42, and allowing the vertical positioning of the stud 5 illustrated in Figure 2, and around which the elbows will pass 12 and 13.

• a) on insère de place en place dans les murs M des dispositifs d'appui 1, que l'on considérera ici dans le cas où ils sont constitués intégralement d'une enveloppe rigide, en matière synthétique mince, sur laquelle sont surajoutées la couche isolante latérale et supérieure, ainsi que la couche inférieure de néoprène.

We will now describe the implementation of a construction method according to the invention, from the support box which has just been described. This process includes the following operations:

• a) insert from place to place in the walls M support devices 1, which will be considered here in the case where they consist entirely of a rigid envelope, of thin synthetic material, on which the layer is added lateral and upper insulation, as well as the lower layer of neoprene.

This operation is carried out during the formwork of the wall, the fixing of the box to the formwork being done using a stud, adapted to the inside of the box, and for example made of molded polystyrene or wood. This stud is held in the box by the stud 5 threaded into the upper 41 and lower 42 holes (Figure 3). By inserting the stud in the box, it increases its rigidity, the thing being desirable during the pouring of the wall itself.

At the same time or shortly thereafter, another operation (b) is carried out consisting in setting up a IM insulating layer, in the thickness of the wall, interior side, this layer being located at the contact locations between the floor and the walls.

We immediately see that the assembly can easily be made integral with the frame and the formwork of the wall, of which it then suffices to pour the concrete. After pouring the concrete, the stud 5 is removed, to extract the studs, which are then discarded.

Within the frame AM of the floor, which is still only defined by its lower formwork CP (FIG. 1B), transverse elements 10 are placed, advantageously joined together by spacers 11, and coming to define elbows 12 and 13 engaged in each of the boxes according to the invention. The stud 5 is then replaced, inside the elbows 12 and 13. FIG. 5 then illustrates the position of the auxiliary floor reinforcement 10 relative to the support box, in a view in horizontal section.

It then remains to carry out the pouring of the concrete of the floor, which secures the stud 5 to all of the concrete of the floor with its reinforcement. And the part of the concrete elements of the floor which enter the hollow of each support box provides a mechanical connection with the wall, by pressing on the layer of neoprene 43, the stud 5 also coming to engage in the cell 6, to ensure a better grip. Of course, special care will be taken with the vibration of the concrete in each support zone.

The present invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the heat losses between floor and wall, since there exists on the entire periphery of the floor a cut with high insulating power defined by the IM layer of polystyrene or other insulating foam. At each support, the losses are reduced due to the use of neoprene support plates.

The dowelling of the floor on the wall maintains the relative position of the latter in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the wall, but it does allow horizontal variations on the wall plane, taking into account the oblong shape of the cell 6. The risks of cracking are therefore considerably reduced.

Another advantage appears: traditionally, the pouring of a floor on a concrete wall leads to covering the edge of the floor, during the pouring of the latter, which constitutes a well-known site subjection. The process of the present invention purely and simply eliminates this subjection.

It will also be noted that the present invention proposes a very simple structure, which only slightly modifies conventional construction operations:

• - as regards the pouring of the wall, the implementation of the invention simply supposes the addition of boxes at the locations provided, these boxes being able to be fixed by means of studs added inside and of the stud 5 to 1 frame of the wall or its formwork. The peripheral insulating layer IM is immediately and without any difficulty laid, which can be immediately made integral with the formwork, which allows its insertion very simply into the thickness of the wall. Finally, the outer envelope of the box, defined by the octagonal contour 31 to 35, the upper bottom 30, and the lower bottom 39 constitute a preferred means of implementation, being observed moreover that the addition of the pocket 6 at the lower bottom 39 makes it possible to immediately obtain the oblong cell intended to receive the stud 5 during the subsequent phase of pouring the floor.
• - as regards the pouring of the floor, it suffices to add to it a reinforcement of conventional type, which can be prefabricated, and corresponds to references 10, 11, 12 and 13 in FIG. 1B. Engaged in the support boxes according to the invention, and after fitting the stud, this reinforcement is then considered to be an integral part of the metal frame of the floor, which it suffices to pour in the usual way.

• - largeur entre les bords 26 et 27, environ 200 mm ;
• - profondeur entre le plan intérieur du mur et le fond 31, environ 100 mm ;
• - largeur des bords 35 et 36, environ 20 mm ;
• - l'alvéole de fond 6 est situé à environ 50 mm du bord intérieur du mur, il présente une largeur de 20 mm transversalement au mur, et une longueur de 30 mm dans le sens axial du mur ;
• - les perçages 41 et 42 pourront avoir un diamètre d'environ 20-mm ; et
• - la hauteur de la boite sera d'environ 200 mm ;
• - l'épaisseur de la mousse isolante IM pourra être de 20 mm, cette mousse étant de préférence du polystyrène ;
• - la mousse interne de la boîte sera également d'une épaisseur de 20 mm, et disposée en continu sur les parois latérales et de préférence aussi sur le fond supérieur de la boite, cet isolant étant de préférence, comme précédemment indiqué, une mousse de polyuréthane, ou bien de chlorure de polyvinyle ;
• - la plaque de néoprène disposée en bas pourra avoir une épaisseur de 10 mm environ ;
• - la saillie vers le bas qui sera destinée à réalisée l'alvéole pour le goujon peut avoir une profondeur de 30 mm environ.;
• - enfin, le goujon 5 peut être réalisé par un rond à béton de 12 à 16 mm.

In practice, the detail characteristics of the box according to the invention may be the following:

• - width between edges 26 and 27, about 200 mm;
• - depth between the interior plane of the wall and the bottom 31, approximately 100 mm;
• - width of edges 35 and 36, approximately 20 mm;
• - the bottom cell 6 is located about 50 mm from the inside edge of the wall, it has a width of 20 mm transversely to the wall, and a length of 30 mm in the axial direction of the wall;
• - the holes 41 and 42 may have a diameter of approximately 20 mm; and
• - the height of the box will be approximately 200 mm;
• - The thickness of the IM insulating foam may be 20 mm, this foam preferably being polystyrene;
• the internal foam of the box will also be 20 mm thick, and placed continuously on the side walls and preferably also on the upper bottom of the box, this insulator preferably being, as previously indicated, a foam of polyurethane, or polyvinyl chloride;
• - the neoprene plate placed at the bottom may have a thickness of approximately 10 mm;
• - the downward projection which will be used to make the socket for the stud may have a depth of approximately 30 mm .;
• - finally, the stud 5 can be produced by a concrete ring from 12 to 16 mm.

Of course, the above details are only provided by way of non-limiting example, and those skilled in the art will understand that many variants can be produced without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In particular, it has already been indicated that instead of using a thin outer envelope, on which are added an insulating cellular foam on the sides and at the top, as well as a neoprene plate at the bottom, the side walls may be produced. and upper directly by a rigid insulating foam, on which would be fixed for example by gluing the lower layer of neoprene.

Furthermore, for certain applications, instead of making the outer envelope of synthetic material, it can be made, for example, from folded metal sheet.

In these different cases, the lower nipple intended to produce the dowel of the stud may be defined either from the thin envelope, or from the layer of neoprene.

In general, the attachments of the various elements may be made by gluing, or else by stapling, in particular as regards the attachment of the peripheral insulating layer IM to the edges 26 and 27 of the box according to the invention.

Claims (11)

1. Device intended to allow the support of a floor on a wall, characterized in that it comprises: - an open box (1) defined by at least one side wall (2) resting on the arcuate outline of a flat bottom bottom (3), while the free edge of the bottom (38) and the free lateral edges ( 26, 27) of the wall are substantially coplanar, - the side wall (2) of this box comprising a continuous insulating material (21-25), the lower bottom (3) of the box comprising a deformable layer, and being capable of being pierced (42) substantially in its center, - the box being intended to be embedded in a wall (M), its coplanar edges flush with the surface thereof, while irons (10) of a frame of the floor form an elbow (12; 13) around a vertical stud (5) engaged, through the bore (42) of the lower bottom of the box, in a cell (6) of the wall, the assembly being secured to the pouring of the concrete to the floor (P), which allows a mechanical connection with excellent thermal insulation between floor and wall. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the box is completed with an upper bottom (4) which also comprises an insulating material (40), and is also capable of being pierced (41), for positioning vertical of the stud (5). 3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the box is in the form of a half-prism trunk with regular octagonal base (21, 22, 23, 24, 25). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the box is in the form of a half-cylinder trunk with a circular base. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least the side wall of the box is defined by a thin rigid envelope, preferably made of synthetic material. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the side wall of the box has lateral extensions towards the outside (36, 37), substantially coplanar with the free edges of the box. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lower bottom of the box has a pocket (60) outwards, capable of defining for the stud (5) an alveolus (6) oblong according to the large horizontal dimension of the wall. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the continuous insulating material is a cellular synthetic material, such as polyurethane foam, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lower bottom of the box is made of synthetic rubber of the neoprene type. 10. Construction method, of the type in which exterior walls (M) are poured on concrete, then at least one floor (P), characterized by the following operations: a) insert from place to place in the walls (M) support devices (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, b) provide the walls with an insulating layer (IM) at the floor locations, c) provide in the floor reinforcement (AM) elbows (12, 13) engaged inside each of the support devices, d) passing in each support device a vertical stud (5) engaged in a cell (6) of the wall under the support device, and passing through the corresponding elbow (s) (12, 13) of the frame, after which the pouring of the concrete from the floor (P) secures the stud to the floor, the part of which entering the hollow of the support device provides the mechanical connection with the wall. 11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that operation a) comprises: - fixing the box to the formwork of the wall, using a suitable stud inside the box and retained in it by the stud, and pouring the concrete, while operation b) installation of the insulating layer (IM) can be done between the boxes thus fixed by the studs, the stud is then removed to extract the studs before operation c).

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