EP0066879A1 - Circuit pour transmettre des valeurs de mesure à un poste central, en particulier pour un système de signalisation d'incendie - Google Patents

Circuit pour transmettre des valeurs de mesure à un poste central, en particulier pour un système de signalisation d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0066879A1
EP0066879A1 EP82104983A EP82104983A EP0066879A1 EP 0066879 A1 EP0066879 A1 EP 0066879A1 EP 82104983 A EP82104983 A EP 82104983A EP 82104983 A EP82104983 A EP 82104983A EP 0066879 A1 EP0066879 A1 EP 0066879A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulses
pulse
measured value
monitoring
wire line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82104983A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Ing. Grad. Klett
Hans-Peter Dipl.-Ing. Baumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hekatron GmbH
Original Assignee
Hekatron GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19813122491 external-priority patent/DE3122491A1/de
Application filed by Hekatron GmbH filed Critical Hekatron GmbH
Publication of EP0066879A1 publication Critical patent/EP0066879A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/06—Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for the transmission of measured values, in particular in a fire detection system to a control center, in which a plurality of sensors (fire alarms) are connected in parallel on a two-wire line, via which the supply voltage for the sensors is simultaneously supplied, a measured value being obtained from a local one Pulse generator controlled switching on of a measured value shunt to the two-wire line for generating measured value pulses is formed.
  • Such a circuit is known from DE-OS 27 01 184. This circuit involves the transmission of measured values from a single transmitter, the measured values being represented by a specific pulse frequency assigned to the respective measured value.
  • the invention is based on the object of supplying and receiving signals from a plurality of transducers via the two-wire line, the functionality of the two-wire line being simultaneously monitored over its entire length.
  • each transducer is provided with a pulse generator and all pulse generators oscillate above a certain frequency and with the same pulse frequency and at the end of the two-wire line facing away from the control center there is a monitoring shunt which is also constantly pulsed by means of this
  • the pulse generator arranged at the end is switched through to generate monitoring pulses, the pulse frequency of which is substantially lower than that of the pulse generators arranged in the sensors,
  • the pulse generators of the measuring sensors and the pulse generator for generating the over- guard pulses harmonized so that the evaluation of the measured value pulses and the evaluation of the monitoring pulses do not interfere with each other.
  • the circuit arrangement requires relatively little effort, since the same principle is used for the generation of the measured value pulses and the generation of the monitoring pulses, namely the connection of a shunt to the two-wire line.
  • the pulse generators generating the measured value pulses oscillate above a certain frequency and with a pulse frequency of the same order of magnitude, whereas the pulse frequency of the monitoring pulses is significantly lower.
  • the above-described coordination of the measured value pulses and the monitoring pulses can be advantageously used for the purpose of their separate detection by connecting an RC element for the measured value pulses and an RC element for the monitoring pulses to the two-wire line, the voltage at Capacitor of the latter RC element by means of the monitoring pulses
  • the momentary discharge is kept below a threshold value, the exceeding of which indicates the absence of the monitoring pulses, and the voltage across the capacitor of the former RC element is raised above a threshold value by charging by means of the measured value pulses, the exceeding of which indicates the presence of a measured value.
  • the pulse frequencies are therefore only separated by means of RC elements and threshold switches, which respond in the absence of monitoring pulses or the occurrence of measured value pulses and thus trigger the desired message. Only in the absence of monitoring impulses and the occurrence of measured value impulses is there only the notification of the presence of measured value impulses because this signal has priority.
  • the circuit arrangement can moreover be designed in such a way that it delivers a special signal in the event of the delivery of measured value pulses from two measured value transmitters. This is particularly desirable in fire alarm systems for the purpose of avoiding false alarms.
  • the circuit arrangement can advantageously be designed in such a way that a threshold switch is connected to the two-wire line in the control center, which responds to the formation of sum pulses in the event of two pulses coming together, and controls an alarm circuit via a timer which only activates the alarm circuit when there is a direct succession of triggers sum pulses formed from measured value pulses.
  • the pulse frequencies of the measured value pulses are of the same order of magnitude, in the case of the delivery of measured value pulses from two sensors there are superimpositions, in the course of which individual pulses add up, with which the relevant threshold switch can be activated. So that a summation of measured value pulses is not caused by the presence of monitoring pulses and the measured value are simulated by pulses from a single transmitter, which can also lead to the formation of sums at longer intervals, the aforementioned timer is provided which only triggers the alarm circuit when there is a direct succession of sum pulses formed from measurement pulses,
  • the measured value pulses are formed by needle pulses, then in the case of the delivery of measured value pulses from two transmitters on the two-wire line, there is practically a pulse sequence of twice the pulse frequency, which can also be used for alarming.
  • a third RC element is connected to the two-wire line in the control center, the voltage at the capacitor of this RC element being raised above a threshold value by charging by means of the measurement value pulses of double frequency, the exceeding of which exceeds the presence of at least two of each displays measured values supplied to a transmitter.
  • the same principle can advantageously be used for the evaluation as for the above-mentioned individual evaluation of measured value pulses or of monitoring pulses, which benefits the simplicity of the circuit.
  • the evaluation of the monitoring pulses and the measured value pulses can advantageously also be carried out by means of a counter, provided that the pulse generators in the measured value transmitters are tuned to approximately the same frequencies of their measured value pulses.
  • the counter is connected to the two-wire line in the control center, whose counter reading is reset to zero by reset pulses with a periodic pulse interval that is greater than the pulse interval of the monitoring pulses, with the counter readings being 1 (first stage), middle (intermediate stage) and An output pulse is derived at the end (output stage), the ca capacity of the counter is selected so that it counts when fed by a transmitter within two reset pulses to its middle, but not yet to its end and when fed by two transmitters within two reset pulses to its end, and that the output pulses of the first counting stage, the middle stage and the final stage a separate a are supplied to larmgeber.
  • the counter will surely reach its intermediate stage, but not its final stage, when it is advanced within the period between two reset pulses, so that the output pulse emitted by the intermediate stage can be used to trigger a corresponding alarm.
  • the input of the counter results in twice the pulse frequency compared to the frequency of the measured value pulses, so that the counter can count within the period between two reset pulses to its output stage, which then emits an output pulse to trigger a corresponding alarm.
  • FIG. 1 shows a two-wire line with the two wires 1 and 2, which extends over the measuring transducers designed as fire detectors 3, 4 and 5.
  • the fire alarms 3, 4 and 5 form shunts to the two-wire line 1/2.
  • the two-wire line 1/2 is drawn in dashed lines to indicate that a larger number of fire alarms can also be connected to the two-wire line 1/2.
  • the monitoring shunt 6, At the end of the two-wire line is the monitoring shunt 6, with which it is signaled to the control center 7 by emitting monitoring pulses that the two-wire line 1/2 is continuously in order.
  • the fire alarms 3, 4 and 5 are formed by measuring shunts, in each of which a resistance 8, 9 and 10 is shunted by means of the contacts 11, 12 and 13 to the two-wire line 1/2.
  • the contacts 11, 12 and 13 can be any type of contacts, in particular electronic contacts.
  • the contacts 11, 12 and 13 are controlled by means of the pulse generators 14, 15 and 16, which in turn are controlled by sensors 17, 18 and 19.
  • the sensors 17, 18 and 19 put the associated pulse generators 14, 15 and 16 into operation if the sensors detect a fire, for example due to smoke.
  • the contacts 11, 12 and 13 are actuated in pulses and thus effect a pulse-wise increase in the quiescent current flowing over the two-wire line 1/2. This quiescent current is essentially determined by the current consumption of the sensors 17, 18 and 19 lying in the bypass to the two-wire line 1/2, to which is added the current consumption of the monitoring shunt 6.
  • the monitoring shunt 6 contains the pulse generator 20, which controls the contact 21, with which the resistor 22 is connected to the two-wire line 1/2.
  • the pulse generator 20 of the monitoring shunt 6 receives current and thus continuously actuates the contact 21 in pulses.
  • the associated pulse diagram is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the quiescent current value 23 is shown above the time axis t1 by a dashed line, above which the monitoring pulses 24 generated by the contact 21 rise.
  • the contact 21, like the contacts 11, 12 and 13, can of course be designed in any way, in particular as an electronic contact. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the pulse pauses between the pulses 24 are in any case significantly larger than the respective pulse duration.
  • the associated contact 11, 12 or 13 is actuated in a pulsed manner and thus one of the resistors 8, 9 or 10 to the double line 1 / 2 turned on.
  • the frequency of these measured value pulses 25 lies above a certain frequency, for example 2 Hz, the pulse frequencies of the pulse generators 14, 15 and 16 of the measured value transmitters 3, 4 and 5 being of the same sizes order, for example, all at 5 Hz.
  • a much lower pulse frequency is selected, which is, for example, 0.5 Hz.
  • the two-wire line 1/2 is supplied with a DC voltage from the voltage source 26 and 26 ', the terminal 26' being connected to ground. This voltage is supplied to the wire 1 via the low-resistance resistor 27, so that in the idle state a quiescent current flows via the two-wire line 1/2, which is represented by the broken line 23 in FIG. 2. If 1/2 monitoring pulses 24 and / or measured value pulses 25 now appear on the double line, these are sifted out by the capacitor 28, so that at point 29 only a pulse voltage free of a DC component remains.
  • the double line 1/2 is in order and only the pulse generator 20 is working, so that the monitoring pulses 24 flow through the double line 1/2, which then appear as pure pulse voltage at point 29.
  • This pulse voltage is supplied to both transistor 30 and transistor 31.
  • the monitoring pulses 24 have the following effect:
  • the capacitor 32 is connected in parallel with the transistor 3o and is constantly charged from the voltage source 26/26 'via the series resistor 33.
  • the time constant given by the series resistor 33 and the capacitor 32 is now selected such that when the monitoring pulses 24 occur, the capacitor 32 is repeatedly charged in pulses, so that the voltage at its terminal 34 is constantly kept below a certain threshold value.
  • This threshold will monitored by the threshold switch 35 which, when the threshold value is exceeded, emits a signal which appears at the output 36 and thus activates the signal generator 37.
  • This exceeding of the threshold value due to the corresponding charging of the capacitor 32 occurs when the monitoring shunt 6 is deactivated due to an interruption in the double line 1/2, so that the monitoring pulses 24 on the double line 1/2 disappear. Then there is no more pulsed discharge of the capacitor 32, so that the activation of the signal generator 34 indicates that there is a line break on the double line 1/2.
  • the pulses occurring at the switching point 29 are also fed to the transistor 31.
  • This transistor is connected upstream of the capacitor 38, so that the latter is charged when the transistor 31 is permeable via the resistor 39 from the voltage source 26/26 '.
  • the resistor 40 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 38, so that the capacitor 38 can discharge again and again via the resistor 40.
  • the discharge time constant given by the capacitor 38 and the resistor 40 is now selected so that the monitoring pulses 24 occurring at the switching point 29, which pulse through the transistor 31 according to their pulse frequency, can only lead to a relatively low charge of the capacitor 38, since in the relatively long pauses between the monitoring pulses 24, the capacitor 38 can be largely discharged again and again via the resistor 40.
  • the threshold switch 42 is connected, which responds when a certain threshold value is exceeded and thus activates the signal generator 44 connected to it via the output terminal 43.
  • this threshold value is not reached when only the monitoring pulses 24 are applied to the transistor 31, since, as explained above, the capacitor 38 does not sufficiently rise due to these pulses / can load.
  • the measured value pulses 25 are emitted in the manner described above via the double line 1/2, which appear at the switching point 29 freed from the DC component by the capacitor 28 and are supplied to the transistor 31 .
  • the capacitor 38 Due to the relatively high frequency of the measured value pulses 25, the capacitor 38 is now gradually charged due to the pulsed switching of the transistor 1 , whereby it can discharge only slightly during the pauses between the measured value pulses 25, so that the following measured value pulse reaches the capacitor 38 until it is reached a full charge voltage.
  • the threshold value monitored by the threshold switch 42 is now exceeded, so that the threshold switch 42 is activated and thus causes a signal to be emitted by the signal generator 44. This signal now represents a fire alarm.
  • monitoring shunt 6 causes the output of monitoring pulses 24 or not. It is of course possible for monitoring pulses 24 to be absent with simultaneous delivery of measured value pulses 25 only if a line break signaled by the lack of monitoring pulses 24 lies behind the measured value bypass 3, 4 or 5 that triggered a fire alarm. Normally, the output of measured value pulses 25 is carried out together with the output of monitoring pulses 24, which, however, does not interfere with the evaluation by transistor 31, since when measured value pulses 25 occur, capacitor 38 is charged in any case.
  • the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1 can now also be expanded to generate a special signal with it when more than one sensor emits measured value pulses.
  • This case is important for the signaling of a fire alarm insofar as in the event of a fire and sufficient distribution of sensors will definitely address several sensors. Assuming this, there is the possibility, after the fire alarm has been given by one sensor, to wait for at least the alarm to be given by a second sensor. All alarms that are only emitted by a sensor are then switched off, which are very likely to be attributed to incorrect operation. This is particularly important if an automatic extinguishing system may be triggered in the event of a fire alarm.
  • FIG. 3 shows an expansion of the control center 7 according to FIG. 1, according to which the threshold switch 45 is additionally connected to the switching point 29.
  • This threshold switch 45 is activated when monitoring pulses 25 are supplied by two measurement shunts 3, 4 and 5, respectively.
  • the approximately equal frequency of the measured value pulses 25 results in a summation in the form of sum pulses, which are shown in the pulse diagram according to FIG. 4.
  • These sum pulses occur at the switching point 29 and rise above the quiescent current value 23.
  • the threshold value of the threshold switch 45 is shown by the dash-dotted line 46. As can be seen, the peaks of the sum pulses 47 exceed the threshold value 46, which triggers the threshold value switch 45 and causes the downstream capacitor 48 to be charged.
  • Resistor 49 is connected in parallel to capacitor 48, so that capacitor 48 is discharged again and again.
  • the discharge time constant is chosen such that the capacitor 48 can only be sufficiently charged when there is a direct succession of sum pulses 47 formed from measured value pulses 25, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the RC element consisting of capacitor 48 and resistor 49 thus forms a timing element, which can only generate a certain voltage at its switching point 50 if successive sum pulses 47 are signaled by the threshold switch 45.
  • the voltage at switching point 50 is now decisive for the downstream threshold switch 51, which only responds when a voltage generated by successive sum pulses 47 is output at switching point 50 and thus activates signal generator 53 via output terminal 52, which indicates that a fire alarm from two sensors 17 , 18 or 19 has been reported.
  • the other function of the organs of the center 7, which is described above, is not affected.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment for determining such a multiple alarm, in which it is assumed that at least the measured value pulses are present as needle pulses 54, as shown in the pulse diagram according to FIG. 6 over the time axis t3. If two sensors 17, 18 and 19 are now activated, 1/2 needle pulses 54 result on the double line, which lead to measured value pulses 55 of double frequency because of practically the same pulse frequency of the pulse generators 14, 15 and 16 are drawn over the time axis t4. Since the pulse frequency of these pulse generators is not the same, a pulse image according to FIG. 6 must result at least from time to time, which corresponds to the double pulse frequency of measured value pulses 55 mentioned. This effect is now used in the circuit according to FIG.
  • the voltage at switching point 60 increases because the pulse frequency is doubled to such an extent that the downstream threshold switch 61 responds and Activated via the output terminal 62, the signal generator 63, which thus signals the display of a fire alarm via two sensors.
  • the functions of the other organs of the control center 7 according to FIG. 1 remain unaffected if they respond.
  • the 7 shows a circuit in which 64 criteria are created by using the counter for whether the monitoring pulses or the measured value pulses of one or two transmitters are present or not present.
  • the counter 64 is housed in the control center 7 and is connected here via the capacitor 65 to the line 2 of the two-wire line 1/2.
  • the capacitor 65 corresponds in this respect to the capacitor 28 according to FIG. 1, it serves to form narrow needle pulses from the pulses arriving on the line 2.
  • the resistor 66 forms a termination for the line 2, via which the current supplied from the current source 26 is discharged to ground after flowing via the lines 1 and 2.
  • a pulse scheme as shown in FIG. 8 is required for the operation of the counter 64.
  • the counter 64 has, in a known manner, a reset circuit 67, with the activation of which all stages of the counter 64 are reset to the zero position.
  • the reset circuit 67 is activated by means of the reset pulse generator 68, which periodically emits reset pulses 69 (see FIG. 8a) with a pulse interval that is greater than the pulse interval of the monitoring pulses 70 (the monitoring pulses 70 used in the circuit according to FIG. 7 correspond Chen the monitoring pulses 24 used in the circuit of FIG. 1, which are shown in Fig. 2).
  • the counter 64 receives one or two monitoring pulses 70 between two reset pulses 69, which activate the first stage 71 of the counter 64, so that this stage supplies the transistor 30 with a voltage that unlocks this transistor.
  • the transistor 30, the capacitor 32 connected to it and the resistor 33 cooperate in the same way as the components with the same designation in FIG. 1.
  • the pulses derived from the first stage 71 of the counter 64, which correspond to the monitoring pulses 69, thus have the effect a constant pulsed discharge of the capacitor 33 so that the voltage at its terminal 34 is kept constantly below a certain threshold.
  • This threshold value is monitored by the threshold value switch 35 which, when the threshold value is exceeded, emits a signal which appears at the output 36 and thus activates the signal generator 37. This takes place as in the circuit according to FIG. 1 in the absence of the monitoring pulses 69, which indicates that there is a break or short circuit on the two-wire line 1/2.
  • the counter 64 In addition to the monitoring pulses 69, the counter 64 also receives the measured value pulses 71 from one or two transmitters if these have been activated, for example, by detecting smoke. If two transducers are activated, the measured value pulses 72 (FIG. 8d) then result, the frequency of which is twice as high as the frequency of the measured value pulses 71 of a single transducer. The prerequisite here is that the transducers are tuned to approximately the same frequencies of their measured value pulses.
  • a pulse train with the pulses 72 (FIG. 8d) is set on the capacitor 66, which has twice the frequency compared to the frequency of the measured value pulses 71.
  • the counter 64 is advanced by the pulses 72 within the distance between two reset pulses 69 to its output stage 74, so that this output stage is activated and supplies a signal to the switching amplifier 77, which then triggers the alarm circuit 78. This then signals the response of two sensors.
  • the monitoring pulses 69 may also be transmitted at the same time, since this would only indicate the functionality of the two-wire line 1/2, but could not disrupt the triggering of an alarm. It also does not matter if the middle stage 73 is activated before the activation of the output stage 74, since in this case only the alarm circuits 76 and 78 would be activated, so that there is always the certainty that the higher alarm level is displayed.
  • the capacity of the counter 64 is selected so that when it is supplied by a single transmitter within two reset pulses 69 it counts up to its intermediate stage 73, but not to its final stage 74. This ensures that when a single transmitter is activated in any case, the middle stage 73, but not also the output stage 74 is activated, so that only the alarm circuit 76 is triggered.
  • the capacity of the counter 64 is selected so that when supplied by two sensors within two reset pulses, the counter counts up to its output stage 74, so that in this case the alarm circuit 78 is activated with certainty.
  • the distance between the reset pulses 69 is approximately 2 seconds, which corresponds to a pulse frequency of 0.5 Hz.
  • the pulse frequency of the monitoring pulses 70 is approximately 2 to 5 Hz.
  • the pulse frequency of a sensor is approximately 17 to 23 Hz.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
EP82104983A 1981-06-05 1982-06-07 Circuit pour transmettre des valeurs de mesure à un poste central, en particulier pour un système de signalisation d'incendie Withdrawn EP0066879A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3122491 1981-06-05
DE19813122491 DE3122491A1 (de) 1980-06-11 1981-06-05 "schaltungsanordung zur uebertragung von messwerten, insbesondere in einem brandmeldesystem zu einer zentrale"

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EP0066879A1 true EP0066879A1 (fr) 1982-12-15

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EP82104983A Withdrawn EP0066879A1 (fr) 1981-06-05 1982-06-07 Circuit pour transmettre des valeurs de mesure à un poste central, en particulier pour un système de signalisation d'incendie

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2155223A (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-09-18 Bl Tech Ltd A circuit
FR2601483A1 (fr) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-15 Ferco Int Usine Ferrures Installation de surveillance comportant des detecteurs alimentes par une boucle
FR2616256A1 (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-09 Stempniakowski Tonny Procede de detection de l'evolution dans le temps des proprietes electriques d'une ligne au moins bifilaire, moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede et installations comprenant au moins une ligne conductrice equipee de ces moyens
FR2934401A1 (fr) * 2008-07-28 2010-01-29 Legrand France Installation perfectionnee de securite et procede de surveillance correspondant

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1285921B (de) * 1965-08-21 1968-12-19 Holger Nilsen & Co As Automatische Feuermeldeanlage
CH495022A (de) * 1969-09-16 1970-08-15 Cerberus Ag Feuermeldeanlage mit einer Vorrichtung zu deren Leitungsüberwachung
DE2351103A1 (de) * 1972-10-09 1974-04-25 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Stromimpulsgenerator
FR2287075A1 (fr) * 1974-10-02 1976-04-30 Cerberus Ag Installation de protection contre l'incendie
DE2632738A1 (de) * 1976-07-21 1978-01-26 Securiton Ag Alarmanlage

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1285921B (de) * 1965-08-21 1968-12-19 Holger Nilsen & Co As Automatische Feuermeldeanlage
CH495022A (de) * 1969-09-16 1970-08-15 Cerberus Ag Feuermeldeanlage mit einer Vorrichtung zu deren Leitungsüberwachung
DE2351103A1 (de) * 1972-10-09 1974-04-25 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Stromimpulsgenerator
FR2287075A1 (fr) * 1974-10-02 1976-04-30 Cerberus Ag Installation de protection contre l'incendie
DE2632738A1 (de) * 1976-07-21 1978-01-26 Securiton Ag Alarmanlage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2155223A (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-09-18 Bl Tech Ltd A circuit
FR2601483A1 (fr) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-15 Ferco Int Usine Ferrures Installation de surveillance comportant des detecteurs alimentes par une boucle
EP0253709A1 (fr) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-20 FERCO INTERNATIONAL Usine de Ferrures de BÀ¢timent Société à responsabilité limitée Installation de surveillance comportant des détecteurs alimentés par une boucle
FR2616256A1 (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-09 Stempniakowski Tonny Procede de detection de l'evolution dans le temps des proprietes electriques d'une ligne au moins bifilaire, moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede et installations comprenant au moins une ligne conductrice equipee de ces moyens
FR2934401A1 (fr) * 2008-07-28 2010-01-29 Legrand France Installation perfectionnee de securite et procede de surveillance correspondant

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