EP0061630B1 - Pompe à engrenage à dispositif pour nettoyer - Google Patents

Pompe à engrenage à dispositif pour nettoyer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061630B1
EP0061630B1 EP82102036A EP82102036A EP0061630B1 EP 0061630 B1 EP0061630 B1 EP 0061630B1 EP 82102036 A EP82102036 A EP 82102036A EP 82102036 A EP82102036 A EP 82102036A EP 0061630 B1 EP0061630 B1 EP 0061630B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gear pump
channel
outlet
inlet
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82102036A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0061630A1 (fr
Inventor
Carl M. Springer
Bernd Otto Theis
Georg Wawra
Richard Juffa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Binks Sames Corp
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Binks Sames Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22935577&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0061630(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Bayer AG, Binks Sames Corp filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP0061630A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061630A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0061630B1 publication Critical patent/EP0061630B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C13/00—Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
    • F04C13/005—Removing contaminants, deposits or scale from the pump; Cleaning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flushable gear pump for color change systems, consisting of a pump body with an inlet for connection to an inflow line, an inlet chamber connected to the inlet, an outlet for connection to a drain line, an outlet chamber connected to the outlet, and a first gear and a second Gear wheels which are rotatably engaged in the pump body and which mesh with one another at least at one point between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber in order to convey the fluid material (paint) supplied through the inlet from the inlet chamber via the outlet chamber to the outlet.
  • a flushable gear pump for color change systems consisting of a pump body with an inlet for connection to an inflow line, an inlet chamber connected to the inlet, an outlet for connection to a drain line, an outlet chamber connected to the outlet, and a first gear and a second Gear wheels which are rotatably engaged in the pump body and which mesh with one another at least at one point between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber in order to convey the fluid material (paint) supplied through the inlet from
  • color change systems are advantageous which allow many colors to be sprayed from a single spray gun.
  • the conventional spraying systems there are several fluid reservoirs, each containing a different color, and each of the fluid reservoirs can be connected to a separate motor-driven feed pump or a pressure source. Via an inflow line, which is controlled by means of valves, these are in turn connected to the spray gun. To spray a certain color, the associated valve is opened and fluid material flows through the inflow line to the spray gun. After the spray coating with the fluid material of one color has been completed, the inflow line and the spray gun are rinsed with a detergent of solvent and compressed air for cleaning and the system is thus prepared for a new operation for spraying with a different color.
  • gear pumps are well suited for dispensing metered amounts of coating material to spray coaters, difficulties arise when used in color change systems. This is because the fluid material flows through the gear pump, so that when the color changes, it must first be cleaned thoroughly in order to prevent contamination of the new coating material. Due to the special design of conventional gear pumps, cleaning takes a long time when changing colors, so that large losses are to be expected.
  • a cleaning is known from DD-A-54158, in which the pump to be cleaned is installed in a separate device with a circulation or through-flow line system for cleaning agents, in order to pump the cleaning agent through the pump by driving it for cleaning.
  • the object of the invention is to find a rinse for a color change system with a gear pump, in which sufficient amounts of detergent reach all the parts that are loaded with paint in order to achieve perfect cleaning in the shortest possible time. At the same time, the makeready time when changing colors is to be improved and a predetermined pressure of the delivery flow of the gear pump should not be exceeded.
  • the gear pump has an additional flow system for rinsing liquids, which is connected directly to all locations exposed to fluid material and which can be shut off by a valve during paint spraying.
  • a sufficient amount of rinsing liquid or fluid material bypassing the low pumping capacity of the gear pump, reaches all points where fluid material is applied, so that cleaning or the insertion of new colors can be carried out in a very short time. Despite these short makeready times, a dirty effect when changing colors is avoided.
  • this flow system is formed by a side channel which can be closed by means of a valve, which consists of a first rinsing channel, a connecting channel and a second rinsing channel and which bypasses the meshing area of the gear wheels of the gear pump.
  • a valve which consists of a first rinsing channel, a connecting channel and a second rinsing channel and which bypasses the meshing area of the gear wheels of the gear pump.
  • a second flow flows parallel to the gear pump via the side channel, which consists of a flushing channel in the extension of the inlet chamber, a connecting channel transverse to the latter and a flushing channel to the outlet chamber.
  • the valve consists of a cylinder with a piston which can be acted upon on two sides by control valves and which has an elongated piston rod with the end of which a flushing channel lying in front in the same axial direction can be closed at the end.
  • liquid pressure in the inlet or outlet of the gear pump can thus be controlled via the air pressure in the cylinder.
  • the piston rod has a step in the region of the connecting channel. This improves the pressure limitation. If an overpressure arises in the area of the gear pump, the valve opens as long as the balance of the three forces, namely pressure of the guide air on the piston in the cylinder, pressure of the fluid material on the stage of the piston rod and pressure of the fluid material from the opposite side of the gear pump is disturbed on the end face of the piston rod. The valve thus automatically limits the pressure in the fluid material generated by the gear pump to a maximum value specified by the air control variable, which prevents damage due to overpressure.
  • a separate duct network is arranged as a flow system, which has outlets for sufficiently flushing the gaps in the treads and dead spaces inside the sealed area of the gear pump, as a result of which sufficient amounts of flushing agent also reach inaccessible places, so that perfect cleaning can be accomplished in a short time can.
  • gear pump 20 one type of gear pump 20 is shown in which the teachings of the invention can be used to advantage.
  • the gear pump 20 has a front plate 22, a middle plate 24 with bores 30 and 32, a rear plate 26 and a motor housing 28.
  • a driven or loose gear 34 which is rotatably supported on a shaft 36
  • the bore 30 receives a driving gear 38 which meshes with the loose gear 34 and is rotatably seated on a shaft 40.
  • the driven shaft 40 is keyed onto a motor shaft 42 of a motor 44 placed on the motor housing 28, so that the motor can rotate the gear 38 and thus also the gear 34.
  • An O-ring 50 seals the shaft 40 on the back plate 26, while an O-ring 52 serves as a seal between the back plate 26 and the motor housing 28.
  • each tooth gap 54 fills with fluid material.
  • the fluid material is conveyed along the inner walls of the bores 30 and 32 into the tooth spaces 54 until it reaches the outlet chamber 48 where the two gears 34, 38 mesh the fluid material into the outlet chamber 48. Since the capacity of the tooth gaps is known and the speed of rotation of the gear wheels can be regulated, the pump can dose precise volumes essentially independently of changes in the viscosity, pressure and temperature of the fluid material.
  • a first flushing channel 56 aligned with the inlet chamber 46 and a second flushing channel 58 aligned with the outlet chamber 48 extend through the front plate 22.
  • a valve housing 63 in which the connecting channel 57 to the two flushing channels 56, 58, and also contains the valve housing 63 pneumatically operated valve 62, which has a piston 64 and a piston rod 66, with one end 68 of which the opening of the flushing channel 56 can be closed.
  • the control valve 72 is opened so that the valve 62 clears a path through the side channel.
  • the inlet 78 of the gear pump is connected via an inflow line 79 to the fluid material container of a selected color and one of the inflow valves 80a to 80d is opened, which then clears the way for the fluid material.
  • Coating material then passes through the inlet chamber 46 to the gears 34 and 38 which convey it in the tooth spaces 54 between the teeth of the gears to the outlet chamber 48 and the outlet 82 and at the same time fluid material flows through the side channel to the outlet chamber for filling. This is in turn connected by a delivery line, not shown, to a paint spraying system, also not shown.
  • the control valve 72 is closed and the control valve 74 is opened; the piston 64 moves in the direction of the valve seat 76 until the end of the piston rod 66 closes it.
  • the gear pump 20 conveys the fluid material from the inlet chamber 46 directly to the outlet chamber 48, from where it is then delivered to the paint spraying system.
  • valve 62 is more advantageous than z. B. a slide valve. Only a single O-ring seal 86 is required to seal the valve against material in the channel, and the seal is never within the side channel. This eliminates the problem of valve sticking due to the accumulation of fluid material in the area of the seal. The valve always remains free to move.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a Ven valve 62 with automatic control and limitation of the maximum pressure that can occur at the outlet of the gear pump.
  • the valve works in the same way as has already been explained in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • valve 62 is equipped with a piston rod 88, which has a step 90 in the area of the connecting channel.
  • the stage 90 is located in the connecting channel and forms a surface against which the pressure of the fluid material - as transmitted from the pump outlet through the flushing channel 58 - exerts a force that is proportional to the pressure and directed opposite to the force exerted on the piston 64 by the air introduced by the control valve 74.
  • the piston rod moves and clears the way through the connecting channel so that the material flow from the outlet 82 can flow to the input 78 of the gear pump.
  • valve 62 In the arrangement of the valve 62 shown in FIG. 1, it is arranged such that the end of the piston rod 92 can close the flushing channel 58.
  • the material pressure at the outlet from the gear pump exerts a force against the end of the piston rod which is proportional to the pressure and opposite to the force with which air enters through the control valve 74, the piston 64 and through the fluid material entering from the inlet the stage is loaded, whereby when sufficient pressure is generated at the outlet of the pump, the valve is moved in the direction in which the flushing channel is opened and a path between the outlet and the inlet of the pump is opened in order to limit the outlet pressure to a maximum value and Relieve overpressure condition.
  • air entering cylinder 70 can automatically limit and control the maximum pressure developed by the pump.
  • the mechanical movement of the valve can be determined in response to an overpressure developed by the pump and a signal can be generated which warns an operator and informs about an error.
  • valve housing 63 can be omitted and a valve located away from the pump can be connected via lines to the flushing channels 56 and 58.
  • a valve between inlet 78 and outlet 82 of the gear pump can also be used for rapid flushing of the inlet and outlet lines, although this does not affect the flushing of the pump itself.
  • the detergent introduced at the inlet 78 can simply be drained off after the rinsing channel 56 to a spout or to a collection point, while at the same time other detergent is let into the rinsing channel 58, which leaves the gear pump again through the outlet.
  • Fig. 7 shows a gear pump, in which the gear 38 is pressed onto the driven shaft 40 that there is no gap between the two parts, in which the axis 36 is pressed into the plate 26 stationary and also gap-free and in which the loose Gear 34 rotates about axis 36.
  • an inlet fitting 94 is inserted for connection to a detergent source, not shown, to which a channel 96 connects, which extends in the plate to the bore for receiving the shaft 40.
  • the shaft 40 includes an annular groove 98 which is permanently connected to the channel 96, a diametrical channel 100 which is connected at the ends to the annular groove 98, and an axial channel 102 which is located in the axis of the shaft 40 between the diametric channel 100 and an opposite end of this shaft.
  • a channel 107 extends through the back plate 26 between the annular groove 98 and an annular groove 108 which surrounds the axis 36.
  • a channel 109 runs diametrically through the axis 36 and is open at the ends to the annular groove 108. From this, a channel 110 branches off axially to the axis 36, which is connected at one point via a diametrical channel 111 and a further annular groove.
  • the flushing agent entering the inlet fitting 94 also flows the channels 107, 109, 110, 111 and the annular groove 108 into the gap 112a between the gear 34 and the axis 36, in column 112b-c between the sides of the gear and the Pump body and in a space 114 between one end of the shaft and the pump body and from there into the tooth gaps 54 of the gear 34, from where it flows through the outlet of the gear pump, the entire driven part of the gear pump is completely cleaned of fluid material.
  • the flushing agent admitted to the inlet fitting 94 does not enter the gear pump through the inlet 78, and the amount of flushing agent is less than when flushing agent is introduced at the inlet and a side channel is used.
  • the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 7 is combined with the embodiment in which a side channel is provided for the gear pump or in which a large flow rate is otherwise provided of detergents can pass through inlet and outlet chambers and corresponding lines.
  • Fig. 8-10 show a further embodiment of the gear pump, which enables thorough cleaning of the entire pump interior, if it is a gear pump, in which the driven and the driving shafts 36 and 40 each rotate within the pump body and the driven and the driving gear 34, 38 are attached to their associated shafts by pins 115 so that there are gaps between the shafts, the gears and the pump body.
  • an inlet 116 in the motor housing is connected to a detergent source, not shown, and communicates via a channel 118 with a chamber 120 which is formed in the motor housing and the back plate 26 next to the shaft 40 and along it.
  • a longitudinal spiral groove 122 which is connected to the chamber 120 at one end of the shaft, the arrangement being such that during the rotation of the shaft a part of the groove is always in communication with the chamber.
  • Another groove 124 is in the surface of the shaft 36 and is connected to the motor housing 28 with the chamber 120 via a channel 126.
  • the channel 126 is so large that the groove 124 remains in communication with it during the rotation of the shaft 36. Flushing agent introduced into inlet 116 therefore enters chamber 120 and grooves 122, 124 and then flows into and through all of the spaces between shafts 36 and 40 and the adjacent surfaces of the gears and pump body to clean them gene.
  • a plurality of inlets 128a-d can also be connected to the detergent source and are located in the front plate 22 or rear plate 26 in via associated channels 130a-d with corresponding semicircular grooves 132a-d Connection.
  • the flushing agent entering the inlets 128a-d therefore passes through the grooves 132a-d into the gaps between the sides of the gears and the plates in order to clean them thoroughly.
  • the flushing agent introduced into the gear pump at the inlets 116 and 128a-d finally gets into the tooth gaps 54 of the gear wheels 34 and 38, in order to flow out from there through the outlet of the gear pump.
  • the detergent source can also be connected to two channels 134 and 136 which are connected to the inlet chamber 46 and the outlet chamber 48, respectively.
  • the material inlet and outlet lines are open at their ends remote from the gear pump, so that the detergent introduced into the channels through the chambers 46, 48, the inlet 78, the outlet 82 and the inlet - or outlet lines flow to clean them thoroughly.
  • the channels 134 and 136 can be optionally connected to one another via a bypass channel controlled by an installed or removed valve, so that the gear pump is flushed as previously described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Pompe à engrenages lavable (20) pour installation à changement de couleur, constituée par un corps de pompe muni d'une entrée (78) destinée à être raccordée à une conduite d'alimentation (79), une chambre d'aspiration (46) reliée à l'entrée (78), une sortie (82) destinée à être raccordée à une conduite de refoulement, une chambre de refoulement (48) reliée à la sortie (82), une première roue dentée (38) et une deuxième roue dentée (34) qui sont montées rotatives dans le corps de la pompe, en prise entre elles, et qui engrènent l'une dans l'autre au moins dans une zone comprise entre la chambre d'aspiration (46) et la chambre de refoulement (48) pour transporter la matière fluide (couleur ou peinture) introduite à travers l'entrée (78), depuis la chambre d'aspiration (46) jusqu'à la sortie (82) en passant par la chambre de refoulement (48), caractérisée en ce que la pompe à engrenages (20) possède un circuit supplémentaire pour la circulation des liquides de lavage, qui est directement relié à toutes les zones atteintes par la matière fluide et qui peut être fermé par une soupape (62) pendant la pulvérisation de la couleur.
2. Pompe à engrenages selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ce circuit est formé par un conduit latéral (59) pouvant être obturé au moyen de la soupape (62), qui est composé d'un premier conduit de lavage (56), d'un conduit de liaison (57) et d'un deuxième conduit de lavage (58) et qui contourne la région d'engrènement des roues dentées (34, 38) de la pompe à engrenages (20).
3. Pompe à engrenages selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la soupape (62) est constituée par un cylindre (70) muni d'un piston (64) qui peut être sollicité sur les deux faces sous l'action de soupapes de commande, ce piston possédant une tige de piston prolongée (66) à l'aide de l'extrémité (68) de laquelle un conduit de lavage (56, 58) qui se trouve devant cette tige, aligné dans la même direction axiale, peut être obturé à son extrémité frontale.
4. Pompe à engrenages selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la tige de piston (68) présente un épaulement (90) situé dans la région du conduit de liaison (57).
5. Pompe à engrenages selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, comme circuit, un réseau de conduits distinct qui pos séde des sorties permettant de laver à un degré suffisant toutes les fentes existant le long des surfaces de portée et tous les espaces morts situés à l'intérieur de la région de la pompe à engrenages qui est isolée à joint étanche.
EP82102036A 1981-03-23 1982-03-13 Pompe à engrenage à dispositif pour nettoyer Expired EP0061630B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US247610 1981-03-23
US06/247,610 US4400147A (en) 1981-03-25 1981-03-25 Flushable rotary gear pump

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061630A1 EP0061630A1 (fr) 1982-10-06
EP0061630B1 true EP0061630B1 (fr) 1985-06-19

Family

ID=22935577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82102036A Expired EP0061630B1 (fr) 1981-03-23 1982-03-13 Pompe à engrenage à dispositif pour nettoyer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4400147A (fr)
EP (1) EP0061630B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57165685A (fr)
CA (1) CA1174113A (fr)
DE (1) DE3264206D1 (fr)
ES (2) ES8308398A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (30)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4534717A (en) * 1981-05-01 1985-08-13 Ford Motor Company Flushable metering pump
JPS6053815A (ja) * 1983-09-02 1985-03-27 Oval Eng Co Ltd 定置洗浄流量計
US4792292A (en) * 1987-09-25 1988-12-20 Tampo-Tool, Inc. Ink pump system
JPH0730943Y2 (ja) * 1988-05-12 1995-07-19 旭サナック株式会社 外装塗装装置
US4953403A (en) * 1989-03-15 1990-09-04 Binks Manufacturing Company Positive displacement flushable flow meter
DE4040409C1 (fr) * 1990-12-18 1992-05-14 Vse Schweisstechnik Gmbh, 5982 Neuenrade, De
DE4100724A1 (de) * 1991-01-10 1992-07-16 Vogel Willi Ag Zentralschmieraggregat
DE4425227A1 (de) * 1994-07-16 1996-01-18 Abb Patent Gmbh Zahnradpumpe zur Lackförderung
DE4425226A1 (de) * 1994-07-16 1996-01-18 Abb Patent Gmbh Zahnradpumpe zur Lackförderung
FR2729437A1 (fr) * 1995-01-17 1996-07-19 Kodak Pathe Pompe a dispositif de nettoyage en place
IT1285662B1 (it) * 1996-04-04 1998-06-18 Catta 27 S R L Pompa idraulica, in particolare del tipo a lobi, con predisposizioni per il lavaggio automatico interno e con spie di malfunzionamento,
JPH1119553A (ja) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-26 Honda Motor Co Ltd 多色塗装装置
FI107285B (fi) 1998-02-26 2001-06-29 Ahlstrom Paper Group Oy Syrjäytyspumppu, menetelmä sen toiminnan parantamiseksi ja kyseisen syrjäytyspumpun käyttö
US6241016B1 (en) * 1998-04-03 2001-06-05 R & M Energy Systems Drive head assembly
US6205779B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2001-03-27 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Integral hub driven gears
DE50110984D1 (de) * 2000-06-14 2006-10-26 Saurer Gmbh & Co Kg Abspülbare Zahnradpumpe
US20030079786A1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2003-05-01 Diana Michael J. Modular fluid pressure regulator with bypass
ATE386212T1 (de) 2001-12-12 2008-03-15 Kreyenborg Verwaltungen F rderpumpe f r medien
DE10202618C1 (de) * 2001-12-12 2003-04-03 Kreyenborg Verwaltungen Förderpumpe für fluide Medien
US6702701B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-03-09 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Oil pump with integral fast acting valve for controlling planetary system torque
US6808121B2 (en) * 2003-02-11 2004-10-26 Charles J. Rice Fluid pump
US20070201989A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-08-30 Parker-Hannifin Low ripple gear pump/motor
DE102006022570A1 (de) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-29 Dürr Systems GmbH Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
WO2008113712A1 (fr) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Pompe à engrenages
EP2140142B1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2010-08-04 Oerlikon Textile GmbH & Co. KG Pompe à engrenage
US8225968B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2012-07-24 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Seal system for gear pumps
US9249789B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2016-02-02 Ravindra Kashyap Pipe pump system
DE102013003620B4 (de) * 2013-02-18 2016-02-04 Dürr Systems GmbH Beschichtungsmittelpumpe und Reinigungsverfahren für eine Beschichtungsmittelpumpe
JP1546565S (fr) * 2015-08-19 2016-03-28
DE102019101455A1 (de) 2019-01-21 2020-07-23 Hnp Mikrosysteme Gmbh Selbstspülende Mikropumpe

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US2808004A (en) * 1952-02-19 1957-10-01 John D Durant Pumping mechanism
US3130673A (en) * 1961-08-01 1964-04-28 Arthur K Finstad Rotary vane pump with replaceable head unit
US3806283A (en) * 1973-01-04 1974-04-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Pump by-pass
US3870233A (en) * 1973-09-12 1975-03-11 Nordson Corp Color change of electrostatic spray apparatus
US4073605A (en) * 1976-09-15 1978-02-14 Crepaco, Inc. Rotary pump construction with cleaning feature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0061630A1 (fr) 1982-10-06
ES510637A0 (es) 1983-09-01
ES8406652A1 (es) 1984-07-01
ES521173A0 (es) 1984-07-01
ES8308398A1 (es) 1983-09-01
DE3264206D1 (en) 1985-07-25
CA1174113A (fr) 1984-09-11
JPS57165685A (en) 1982-10-12
US4400147A (en) 1983-08-23

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