EP0060577B1 - Matériau ayant une résistance élevée à la corrosion par la fatigue pour des aubes de turbine, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation - Google Patents

Matériau ayant une résistance élevée à la corrosion par la fatigue pour des aubes de turbine, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0060577B1
EP0060577B1 EP82200212A EP82200212A EP0060577B1 EP 0060577 B1 EP0060577 B1 EP 0060577B1 EP 82200212 A EP82200212 A EP 82200212A EP 82200212 A EP82200212 A EP 82200212A EP 0060577 B1 EP0060577 B1 EP 0060577B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mpa
weight
turbine blade
blade material
remainder
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
EP82200212A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0060577B2 (fr
EP0060577A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrejs Dr. Atrens
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority to AT82200212T priority Critical patent/ATE19659T1/de
Publication of EP0060577A1 publication Critical patent/EP0060577A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine blade material according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for its production according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Blade materials for steam turbines are subject to increased demands, particularly in the area of medium and low temperatures, in the course of many years of operating experience. At the same time, they should have a high static strength, i.e. H. a high yield strength, a sufficient deformation reserve, d. H. have sufficiently high notched toughness and a high resistance to corrosion fatigue in the relevant temperature range in a possible aggressive atmosphere. In some cases, similar requirements are placed on the blade materials of turbo compressors in gas turbine plants.
  • the corrosion-resistant steels can basically be divided into 3 groups: ferritic, ferritic-austenitic and austenitic.
  • the first two generally have a maximum yield strength of 640 MPa, the latter a limit of only 400 MPa. There is therefore a need for blade materials that meet all three of the above conditions.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a turbine blade material and a corresponding production method which ensure high strength against corrosion fatigue in the finished product with the simplest possible simplicity and avoidance of unusual, expensive starting materials with good ductility, high yield strength and notch toughness.
  • the turbine blade material used is a stainless steel with a ferritic-austenitic mixed structure, which in itself has good strength against corrosion fatigue, the otherwise inadequate mechanical properties such as yield strength and notch toughness being improved by a special choice of the alloy composition and by precipitation hardening . This is achieved through targeted heat treatment.
  • the starting point was a stainless steel (alloy I) with the following composition:
  • the alloy was melted in a vacuum furnace and cast into a cast ingot.
  • the ingot was rolled down to a thickness of 12 mm at a temperature of approximately 1,050 ° C., the decrease in cross-section being at least 50% and then quenched in water from the same temperature. Quenching the workpiece effectively suppresses the possible formation of the brittle intermetallic iron / chromium compound, the so-called ⁇ phase.
  • Test bar blanks were machined out of the plate in question, the longitudinal axes of which were parallel to the rolling direction. The blanks were precipitation hardened by a heat treatment in the temperature range from 300 to 650 ° C. for 1 to 4 hours.
  • the alloy was cast and the cast ingot produced in this way was further thermomechanically processed.
  • a first step of hot forming the cross-section was reduced by 75%.
  • the workpiece temperature was 1 250 ° C, at the end of it still 1 050 ° C.
  • the second deformation step which was carried out isothermally at a temperature of 1,050 ° C.
  • the cross section of the workpiece was totally reduced by a further 50%, based on the cross section after the first operation.
  • the semi-finished product thus produced was then quenched in water at 1,050 ° C.
  • test bar blanks were worked out in such a way that their longitudinal axes were parallel to the main direction of deformation of the workpiece.
  • the precipitation hardening of the blanks was carried out for 1 to 4 hours in the temperature range from 300 to 650 ° C.
  • Rods for tensile, notch impact and fatigue strength tests were produced, which were tested under exactly the same conditions as given in example 1.
  • the starting point was a stainless steel (alloy IV) with the following composition:
  • the titanium alloy can only show a higher static strength (yield strength), but drops considerably compared to the proposed alloys I to IV in terms of dynamic values. In view of the cost and difficult processability of the titanium alloy, this is all the more important.
  • turbine blade materials are steels with a two-phase mixture of the following general composition, consisting of ferrite or martensite on the one hand and austenite on the other hand: + at least one precipitation hardening element for Fe alloys
  • At least one of the elements may preferably be among the elements for precipitation hardening are used, the total content of which should be at least 0.5% by weight, but the content of each individual element should be at least 0.2% by weight.
  • Mn-free alloys are preferred: where Ti, Al individually each ⁇ 0.2 wt .-%.
  • the hot deformation after casting may be in the temperature range between 1000 ° C and 1250 0 C are performed, wherein the reduction in cross section should be at least 50%.
  • the precipitation hardening can be carried out in the temperature range between 300 ° C and 650 ° C for 1 to 8 hours.
  • the turbine blade material can preferably be used continuously as a steam turbine blade in the low-pressure part or as a turbo compressor blade up to temperatures of 350 ° C.
  • the turbine materials produced and proposed according to the invention combine high ductility and notch toughness with high static strength and high resistance to corrosion fatigue and thus ensure a long service life of the component.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Matériau pour aubes de turbine présentant une résistance élevée à la fatigue sous corrosion, avec une structure mixte à deux phases constituée d'austénite et de ferrite ou d'austénite et de martensite, composé de
Figure imgb0030
d'au moins un des éléments cuivre, titane, aluminium, la teneur de chacun de ces éléments étant d'au moins 0,2 % poids et la teneur totale en cuivre, titane et aluminium s'élevant à 0,5 à 4 % poids, éventuellement 0,2 à 1,5 % poids d'azote, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables, ce matériau présentant une limite d'élasticité d'au moins 800 MPa, un allongement à la rupture d'au moins 15 % pour un rapport longueur/diamètre de l'éprouvette de 4,4 et une endurance aux sollicitations alternées, rapportée à une traction/compression en présence d'une solution aérée de NaCI 4N avec un pH = 5 à 80 °C, d'au moins 350 MPa sans précontrainte statique et d'au moins ± 250 MPa sous une précontrainte statique de + 250 MPa rapportée à 108 cycles de charge, ainsi qu'une résilience d'au moins 50 J/cm2.
2. Matériau pour aubes de turbine suivant la revendication 1, composé
Figure imgb0031
le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables.
3. Matériau pour aubes de turbine suivant la revendication 1, composé de
Figure imgb0032
le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables.
4. Matériau pour aubes de turbine présentant une résistance élevée à la fatigue sous corrosion, avec une structure mixte à deux phases constituée d'austénite et de ferrite ou d'austénite et de martensite, composé de
Figure imgb0033
le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables, ce matériau présentant une limite d'élasticité d'au moins 800 MPa, un allongement à la rupture d'au moins 15 % pour un rapport longueur/diamètre de l'éprouvette de 4,4 et une endurance aux sollicitations alternées, rapportée à une traction/compression en présence d'une solution aérée de NaCI 4N avec un pH = 5 à 80 °C, d'au moins 350 MPa sans précontrainte statique et d'au moins ± 250 MPa sous une précontrainte statique de + 250 MPa rapportée à 108 cycles de charge, ainsi qu'une résilience d'au moins 50 J/cm2.
5. Matériau pour aubes de turbine suivant la revendication 4, composé de
Figure imgb0034
le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables.
6. Matériau pour aubes de turbine suivant la revendication 4, composé de
Figure imgb0035
le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables.
7. Procédé pour fabriquer un matériau pour aubes de turbine suivant les revendications 1 et 4, caractérisé en ce que les constituants sont fondus sous vide et coulés, en ce que le barreau ainsi obtenu est soumis, dans un domaine de température compris entre 1 000 °C et 1 250 °C, à une déformation à chaud avec une réduction de section d'au moins 50 % et en ce que la pièce ainsi obtenue est trempée directement dans l'eau à partir de la dite température, usinée par enlèvement de copeaux jusqu'à sa forme finale et ensuite soumise à un traitement thermique pendant 1 à 8 h dans un domaine de température compris entre 300 °C et 650 °C afin de provoquer son durcissement par précipitation.
EP82200212A 1981-03-16 1982-02-22 Matériau ayant une résistance élevée à la corrosion par la fatigue pour des aubes de turbine, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP0060577B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82200212T ATE19659T1 (de) 1981-03-16 1982-02-22 Turbinenschaufelwerkstoff hoher festigkeit gegen korrosionsermuedung, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und seine verwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1766/81A CH654594A5 (de) 1981-03-16 1981-03-16 Turbinenschaufelwerkstoff hoher festigkeit gegen korrosionsermuedung, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und seine verwendung.
CH1766/81 1981-03-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0060577A1 EP0060577A1 (fr) 1982-09-22
EP0060577B1 true EP0060577B1 (fr) 1986-05-07
EP0060577B2 EP0060577B2 (fr) 1993-06-30

Family

ID=4218072

Family Applications (1)

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EP82200212A Expired - Lifetime EP0060577B2 (fr) 1981-03-16 1982-02-22 Matériau ayant une résistance élevée à la corrosion par la fatigue pour des aubes de turbine, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0060577B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57161052A (fr)
AT (1) ATE19659T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH654594A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3270941D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2128632A (en) * 1982-10-23 1984-05-02 Mather & Platt Ltd Stainless steel
DE3339593A1 (de) * 1983-11-02 1985-05-15 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren zur herstellung von halbzeug aus einem rostfreien austenitischen oder martensitischen stahl
EP0179117A1 (fr) * 1984-04-27 1986-04-30 Bonar Langley Alloys Limited Acier inox duplex a haute teneur en chrome

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE767167C (de) * 1937-06-17 1951-12-06 Fried Krupp A G Gegen Spannungskorrosion bestaendige Gegenstaende
USRE28772E (en) * 1968-04-30 1976-04-13 Armco Steel Corporation High strength corrosion-resistant stainless steel
FR2194195A5 (fr) * 1972-07-28 1974-02-22 Creusot Loire
GB1456634A (en) * 1972-09-13 1976-11-24 Langley Alloys Ltd High strength stainless steel having a high resistance to corro sive and abrasive wear in corrosive environments particularly chloride environments
DE2624117A1 (de) * 1976-05-28 1977-12-08 Graenges Nyby Ab Zaehe ferritische staehle und verwendung derselben fuer metallische gegenstaende, insbesondere geschweisste konstruktionen
US4099966A (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-07-11 Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. Austenitic stainless steel
DE2815439C3 (de) * 1978-04-10 1980-10-09 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Ag (Vew), Wien Niederlassung Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Ag (Vew) Verkaufsniederlassung Buederich, 4005 Meerbusch Verwendung eines ferritisch-austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stahles
JPS5662949A (en) * 1979-10-23 1981-05-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Steel products for steam turbine moving blade or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0060577B2 (fr) 1993-06-30
JPS57161052A (en) 1982-10-04
ATE19659T1 (de) 1986-05-15
EP0060577A1 (fr) 1982-09-22
DE3270941D1 (en) 1986-06-12
CH654594A5 (de) 1986-02-28

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