EP0056934A2 - Device for securing a flexible sheet to a structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for fastening a water-impermeable, flexible web (10) made of an elastomer on a wall (6) to be sealed, in particular a flat roof, with a mounting part (1) which can be fastened to the wall (6) and which has a projection (5) has outwardly projecting, an undercut (8) forming side bead (7), and with an outer fastening part (11), the web (10) being clampable between the holding part (1) and the outer fastening part (11). So that disadvantageous wrinkle formation, damage to the flexible web and also slipping out of the spring ring is eliminated and greater fastening stability is achieved by simple means than in known devices of this type, the invention provides that the outer fastening part (11) is at least partially by one Has a plate-shaped elastic spring plate (12) encased in elastomers or plastomers and a clamping device (13) enclosed on all sides by an elastomer or plastomer to form an elastically yielding cushion (16) arranged opposite the flexible web (10).

Description

The invention relates to a device for fastening a water-impermeable, flexible web made of an elastomer on a wall to be sealed, in particular a flat roof, with a mounting part which can be fastened to the wall and which has a projection with outwardly projecting, undercut side bead, and with an outer Fastening part, the web being clampable between the holding part and the outer fastening part.

A device of the type described above is known for sealing roof surfaces. The waterproof, flexible sheet is a roof skin, which is preferably made of rubber. Such roof skins are very weather-resistant and to a certain extent also mechanically resistant, so that they are particularly well suited for sealing roofs of all kinds, especially on flat roofs made of concrete.

The fortifications caused difficulties; because it is impractical to have such a flexible web, i.e. Rubber roof skin, by means of the substrate, i.e. of the wall to be sealed, which are passed through the roof skin. At this point, despite the seal, there would always be penetrating precipitation, so that cutting, piercing, drilling or the like for the purpose of fastening the flexible web can be ruled out.

A two-part clamping device has therefore been developed, which consists of a mounting part which can be fastened directly to the wall and which, e.g. can be attached directly to the wall in question by screws. This holding part or inner clamping part protrudes outward from the wall in the form of a projection and, at a distance from the wall, has an all-round side bead projecting in the direction of the extension of the wall. In cross section, this results in a type of mushroom shape, the undercut described being at the upper end of the stem of the mushroom. After attaching this bracket part, the flexible sheet is placed on the wall and over this bracket part. The holder parts are arranged at different distances on the wall so that the flexible web is adequately fastened at the points of the holder parts.

The attachment is now carried out in such a way that an open spring washer made of steel is slipped over the mounting part, the spring ring being slightly bent apart to make it easier to put on. After it has been pushed over the side bead, the bending force ceases, so that the spring ring, by its own spring force, pulls the intervening flexible path around the mushroom head and into the undercut. This achieves a certain grid effect and the roof skin is fixed.

Weather influences, in particular wind and temperature fluctuations, can sometimes result in a loosening of the known mechanical fastening of the flexible web, because only the clamping force of the spring ring acts as a holding element. Due to the significant weather changes, fatigue of the spring washer cannot be ruled out.

In addition, when a roof skin is clamped in the manner described above, there is often a wrinkling and folding of the roof skin, which not only results in an unsightly appearance, but also in the area of the folds or in addition overstretching of the flexible web, so that the fastening is loosened and, if necessary damage to the roof skin is to be expected.

The invention is therefore based on the object to improve the fastening device described above so that the disadvantageous wrinkling, damage to the flexible web and also the slipping out of the spring ring is eliminated and even greater fastening stability is achieved with simple means.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the outer fastening part has a plate-shaped elastic spring plate which is at least partially encased by an elastomer or plastomer, and an elastomer or plastome is provided on all sides to form an elastically yielding cushion arranged opposite the flexible web ren enclosed clamping device as one piece. As the material can here the same material as the flexible sheet used, preferably achhäute for _D and the associated fastening part elastomer, 'in particular rubber. The outer fastening part thus has the elastic spring plate on the one hand and the clamping device on the other. The elastic spring plate advantageously ensures that the wind forces acting from outside cannot act on the clamping or stopping point where the waterproof, flexible web is attached to the wall, but are caught on the outer circumference of the spring plate. It is not a rigid structure in which the wind forces could possibly damage the flexible web, but the spring plate is elastic and can distribute pressures caused by wind forces.

Furthermore, damage to the flexible web is advantageously avoided by the elastically yielding cushion, which can be produced simply and practically by the all-round sheathing of the clamping device, while the clamping device is enclosed on all sides by the elastomer or plastomer, it may be sufficient if the plate-shaped spring plate is only partially surrounded by the elastomer or plastomer. In a particularly preferred embodiment, however, the elastic spring plate is also completely covered, so that the outer fastening part is an almost completely covered working part. The elastically yielding best resulting from the sheathing of the clamping device also means a particularly strong mounting option in the undercut of the inner mounting part. In addition, with the possibility of large restoring forces, the cushion encompasses the preferably annular clamping device and the inner edge of the elastic spring plate arranged in the vicinity thereof. Although the inner edge of the spring plate and also the entire plate-shaped fastening part can be deformed more or less from the geometrically exact circular shape, so that there are triangular, square or polygonal openings (the same also applies to the outer contour of the outer fastening part). However, the round design is preferred and more economical in terms of production, which is why the invention is referred to as the inner diameter and outer diameter.

Due to the spring force of the elastic spring plate made of metal, which tries to return to its original position after fastening while increasing the height of the truncated cone, the pronounced cushion is pressed into the undercut of the mounting part, so that a reliable and long-term fastening is ensured.

It is preferred if, according to the invention, the elastic spring plate consists of metal and is ring-shaped. As a result, the elastic spring plate is inexpensive to manufacture and surrounds the clamping device in a ring shape and supports its spring force to hold the flexible web on the mounting part fastened to the wall to be sealed in question. It is also advantageous according to the invention if the elastic spring plate has slots projecting radially inwards from its outer circumference. The mentioned plate shape of the clamping ring and thus the elastic spring plate means truncated cone. The inner diameter of the annular elastic spring plate is practically the middle, lower part of the plate, from which the annular spring plate widens conically outwards. It goes without saying that such a truncated cone shape develops particularly favorable restoring forces when the entire surface of the plastomer or elastomer, for example rubber, coated spring plate is compressed in the axial direction. But nothing else happens when attaching the flexible sheet; because the outer fastening part is pressed onto the flexible web placed over the holding part in such a way that the preferably ring-shaped clamping device slips over the side bead of the holding part towards the wall with slight spreading and thus into the undercut lets rest. The arrangement of the outer fastening part according to the invention is provided so that the elastic spring plate, ie the truncated cone formed by it, has a lower height in the fastened state than in the unloaded state. This compression of the truncated cone of the spring plate in the direction of its axis is facilitated by the radial slots, which allow the outer diameter of the plate-shaped spring plate to be enlarged by spreading.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the outer mounting portion near its outer periphery an obliquely inwardly and away from the plate bottom projecting, thin _R inglippe on. If, for example, the flexible membrane is to be installed as a roof covering on a flat roof, there is understandably an uneven surface there, which is specified by the customer. According to the invention, a tension equalization is created by the ring lip when the laying surface is uneven. In other words, the ring lip prevents the flexible web from being twisted in the case of uneven surfaces which cause the outer plate of the spring plate to deform or enlarge. The latter is therefore no longer warped on one side and is therefore less exposed to damage. The annular lip also reduces the frictional force between the outer fastening part and the flexible web when the flexible web is installed on the wall in question. The ring lip represents a built-in role, so to speak. The unevenness bridged in this way by means of the ring lip sometimes has the further advantage that a defined counter bearing results for the outer fastening part.

The invention is expediently further developed in that the outer fastening part has a protective cap made of elastomer or plastomer in the region of the clamping device. This protective cap can, for example, be integrally formed or otherwise attached to the casing of the outer fastening part. The cap serves a stronger mecha protective effect. It is particularly expedient if the protective cap is arranged at a certain distance from the flexible web in the installed state, so that cushion-like protective surfaces result in particular where the flexible web is pulled over and braced over the holding part. In this part of the web, which mostly has a greater curvature, the protective cap then prevents hail or other mechanical impacts from striking. A flexible sheet is clearly easier to damage by hard impacts when tensioned than when it is not stretched. The arrangement of the protective cap is therefore useful, in particular in the region of the side bead above the annular undercut of the holding part.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the clamping device is an open metal spring washer. The design of the ring itself is indeed a spring ring of the known type described at the outset. According to the invention, however, this metal spring ring is enclosed on all sides by the plastomer or elastomer, and it is also a piece with the at least partially encased elastic spring plate. The open spring ring is no longer a separate piece of wire, but in connection with the elastic spring plate, i.e. thus as an outer fastening part, slipped over the (inner) holding part in order in this way to effectively clamp the flexible web between these two parts. By encompassing the spring ring through the elastomer or plastomer sheathing, temperature and other weather influences are also reduced, and it is no longer possible to bend the open spring ring alone because the sheathing encompassing the spring ring on all sides and in the form of a cushion itself has a restoring force who wants to hold the spring ring together in its original form.

In another embodiment, the clamping device is a metal wire that can be permanently deformed on one or both sides by twisting. This is also all around telt, and it preferably show on one side, optionally or in the other embodiment also on both sides, the two ends of the metal wire so that they can be deformed, ie twisted like a bag closure.

Another embodiment of the clamping device is an open coil spring. For assembly, this is stretched, but retracts after being slipped over the side bead into the ring-shaped undercut with a clamping effect. It is also conceivable according to the invention if the clamping device is a piece of metal that is permanently deformable in the manner of a hose clamp. The assembly is particularly easy because e.g. a deformation of the wire is only required by a pair of pliers in order to achieve the mounting effect known from hose clamps.

Another and preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the elastic spring plate has a permanently deformable, upstanding collar in the region of its hole, as a result of which a kind of crown cork closure is formed.

The bracket is fastened to the roof or wall by screws. In the case of wind loads, dynamic loads (alternating voltages) arise which, in the known designs, act on the screw connection via the mounting part and can loosen this over time. When the screw is loosened, it can cause the flexible sheet to perforate when it is unscrewed.

As a result of the spring force, the measures of the invention apply an additional tensile force to the mounting part or its screw connection when the outer fastening part is assembled. Force fluctuations that occur due to wind load are now advantageously absorbed by the outer fastening part in such a way that the pretensioning of the fastening screw engages does not fall below the required minimum and this fastening screw cannot loosen.

A particularly preferred embodiment is further characterized according to the invention in that the open metal spring ring is arranged in the elastically yielding cushion of the elastomer or plastomer and has two extensions which protrude approximately radially in the circumferential direction of the cushion, one of which can be hooked into the other. In unverle ^g th state, the two projecting out of the elastomers or plastomers in the upper region of the outer fixing part extensions are arranged at a small distance from each other, so that the open metal spring ring during assembly over the side roll of the support member, together with the flexible sheet back can be overpressed, the mentioned distance between the two protruding extensions possibly increasing temporarily. Due to the elasticity of the arrangement, the distance then decreases and can also be further reduced by hanging one extension in the other. For example, a second extension is shaped to be pulled around and latched to the first extension. This process is done by reducing the distance between the two extensions protruding from the cushion, so that the open metal spring ring is pulled together a little closer and so that the entire fastening of the flexible sheet on the wall or flat roof is firmly anchored to the mounting part.

According to the invention, particularly favorable measures to enable this hanging of the one extension into the other consist in that the first extension of the metal spring washer is essentially straight and the second extension at a distance from the outer circumference of the cushion approximately in the circumferential direction over a length which is less than that The distance between the two extensions is bent to the first extension and at the end again Is bent back in a U-shape. This U-shaped bent piece allows easy gripping of the first substantially straight extension, so that the desired effect described above can be achieved with simple means, very reliably and with a practical mounting option.

It is also advantageous if, according to the invention, the piece bent back in a U-shape at the end of the second extension has an end part which is bent over again radially outward transversely to the circumferential direction and parallel to the first displacement. The length of this end part then ends approximately at the same height as the first extension that has just been formed. The piece of the second extension which is bent over transversely and runs in the circumferential direction of the cushion is then located in the radial direction approximately between the outlet and the end of the first straight extension. In other words ... the radially outward straight end part provides good handling, for example by using simple pliers to put the second extension around the first extension so that it can hang in.

• Fig. 1 im Querschnitt die montierte Befestigungsvorrichtung mit der flexiblen Bahn und der abzudichtenden Wandung,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Befestigungsvorrichtung der Fig. 1 von oben auf die Wandung,
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht des offenen Federringes,
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht des offenen Federringes,
• Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht der elastischen Federplatte,
• Fig. 6 die abgebrochen gezeigte eine Hälfte der elastischen Federplatte,
• Fig. 7 eine Querschnittsansicht des Halterungsteils,
• _Fig. 8 eine Draufsicht auf das Halterungsteil von oben,
• _Fig. 9 die Draufsicht auf eine Klemmeinrichtung in Gestalt eines einseitig durch Verdrillen bleibend verformbaren Metalldrahtes,
• Fig. 10 die gleiche Ansicht, wobei der Metalldraht jedoch doppelseitig verdrillbare Enden hat,
• Fig. 11 schematisch eine Klemmeinrichtung in Form einer in sich geschlossenen Zugfeder, die zum Ring gebogen ist, ,
• Fig. 12 eine Klemmeinrichtung in Gestalt einer offenen Spiralfeder, die ringförmig im Bereich des Polsters eingelegt ist,
• Fig. 13 eine Klemmeinrichtung nach Art einer Schlauchschelle mit einem bleibend verformbaren Metallstück im nicht klemmenden Zustand, während
• Fig. 14 die gleiche Art Klemmeinrichtung im klemmenden Zustand zeigt,
• Fig. 15 eine elastische Federplatte mit hochstehendem Kragen im Bereich des Mittelloches nach Art des Kronenkorkenverschlusses in nicht klemmendem Zustand,
• Fig. 16 die gleiche Ansicht wie Fig. 15, jedoch im Klemmzustand,
• Fig. 17 eine ähnliche Seitenansicht des offenen Federringes wie gemäß Fig. 3, jedoch bei einer anderen Ausführungsform,
• Fig. 18 eine Draufsicht auf den Federring in einer Darstellung wie gemäß Fig. 4, jedoch bei der Ausführungsform der Fig. 17,
• Fig. 19 eine Draufsicht auf die Enden der beiden Verlängerungen des Federringes, wenn man bei der Darstellung der Fig. 17 und 18 von links nach rechts blickt, wobei der Federring bei der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 17 bis 19 eingehängt dargestellt ist,
• Fig. 20 eine Querschnittsansicht der montierten Befestigungsvorrichtung mit der flexiblen Bahn und der abzudichtenden Wandung, wobei jedoch eine andere Ausführungsform der Halterung, des äußeren Befestigungsteils und insbesondere des Federringes vorgesehen ist, der die Form nach den Fig. 17 bis 19 hat, und
• Fig. 21 eine Draufsicht auf die Befestigungsvcrrichtung der Fig. 20 von oben auf die Wandung.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:

• 1 in cross section the assembled fastening device with the flexible sheet and the wall to be sealed,
• 2 is a top view of the fastening device of FIG. 1 from above onto the wall,
• 3 is a side view of the open spring ring,
• 4 is a plan view of the open spring ring,
• 5 is a side view of the elastic spring plate,
• 6 shows the broken half of the elastic spring plate,
• 7 is a cross sectional view of the bracket member,
• _F ig. 8 is a top view of the mounting part,
• _F ig. 9 is a top view of a clamping device in the form of a metal wire that can be permanently deformed by twisting,
• 10 is the same view, but the metal wire has twistable ends on both sides,
• 11 schematically shows a clamping device in the form of a self-contained tension spring which is bent into a ring,
• 12 is a clamping device in the form of an open spiral spring which is inserted in a ring shape in the area of the cushion,
• Fig. 13 is a clamping device in the manner of a hose clamp with a permanently deformable metal piece in the non-clamping state, while
• 14 shows the same type of clamping device in the clamping state,
• 15 is an elastic spring plate with a raised collar in the area of the center hole in the manner of the crown cap closure in a non-clamping state,
• 16 is the same view as FIG. 15, but in the clamped state,
• 17 is a side view similar to the open spring ring as shown in FIG. 3, but in another embodiment,
• 18 is a plan view of the spring ring in a representation as in FIG. 4, but in the embodiment of FIG. 17,
• 19 is a plan view of the ends of the two extensions of the spring ring when looking from left to right in the illustration of FIGS. 17 and 18, the spring ring being shown suspended in the embodiment according to FIGS. 17 to 19,
• 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the mounted fastening device with the flexible track and the wall to be sealed, but another embodiment of the holder, the outer fastening part and in particular the spring ring is provided 17 to 19, and
• Fig. 21 is a plan view of the fastening device of Fig. 20 from above onto the wall.

The holding part 1 consists of a circular disc 2 with a central fastening hole 3 and depressions 4 stamped in from below. An annular collar 5 is attached to the disc 2 from a frustoconical wall projecting approximately perpendicularly from the wall 6 (FIG. 1). which is connected at its lower end to the disk 2 and has a side bead 7 at its upper end to form an annular undercut 8.

This mounting part 1 is shown in FIG. 1 by means of the screw 9 on the wall 6, e.g. the flat roof. The water-impermeable, flexible sheet 10 lies on this holding part 1 and is firmly clamped by the outer fastening part 11 with the help of the undercut 8.

The outer fastening part 11 has the shape of a plate with an open bottom or a truncated cone, which is essentially given by the shape of the elastic spring plate 12 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The outer fastening part 11 has the open spring ring 13 with extensions 14 at its free ends and the frustoconical elastic spring plate 12, both of which are provided with a casing with a bead 15 on the outer circumference a and an elastically yielding cushion 16 on the inner circumference i. In FIG. 1 it can also be seen that the outer fastening part 11 near its outer circumference a has a thin annular lip 17 which projects obliquely inwards and away from the plate bottom and which points all around towards the center, as can also be seen in FIG. 1. An annular protective cap 17a is formed on the cushion 16 and covers the hole formed by the inner diameter i at a distance apart from a small central opening 16a.

The shape of the fastening part 11 is essentially determined by determines the annular, elastic metal spring plate 12, which is explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. From the drawing it can be seen that the inner diameter 20 of the spring plate 12 is approximately the same size as the diameter D of the spring ring 13 (see FIGS. 4 and 6).

From the outer periphery 21 of the spring plate 12 extend radially inward, evenly distributed on the circumference slots 22. It is understandable that the height h of the frustoconical spring plate 12 are reduced during assembly by compressing the fastening part 11 from the outside down to the wall 6 can, while the outer circumference 21 of the spring plate 12 enlarges while slightly widening the slots 22.

The assembled state of the fastening device in Fig. 1 shows that the holding part 1 with its side bead 7 protrudes through the inner opening formed within the inner diameter i of the outer fastening part 11, the flexible web 10 between the cushion 16, supported by the inner circumference i of the spring plate 12, further by the directional force of the spring ring 13 and additionally by the restoring force in the cushion 16, and the side bead 7, is clamped, vigorously, reliably and without undesirable wrinkling, because a large-area pressure distribution is made possible by the new fastening device.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a clamping device in which instead of the open spring ring 13 in the manner of a bag closure, permanently deformable ends protrude laterally on one side (FIG. 9) or on both sides (FIG. 10). These can be twisted permanently like when closing a sack. One will expediently use a relatively soft steel wire here.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12, a clamping device with a self-contained tension spring 20 (FIG. 11) bent into a ring or an open clock spring (Fig. 12) used. This type of clamping device is assembled by a spreading process by using a spreading device, stretching the cushion area provided with the respective spring, pushing it over the side bead 7 and then removing the spreading device.

13 and 14, a clamping device is shown, in which a ring made of wire or sheet metal, preferably made of V2A steel, is used in the manner of a hose clamp and is also permanently deformed. It is about. 13 in plan view around a circularly bent metal piece, which has two tabs or loops at two diametrically opposite ends of the circle. As shown in the figures, this piece of metal can preferably be bent in an endless manner in the manner described. After the outer fastening part has been slipped over the side bead 7 of the holding part 1, the metal piece according to FIG. 13 is pressed together at the points denoted by b in such a way that the shape of FIG. 14 results in a top view. In this way, the attachment is made and the desired clamping effect is achieved.

Another other type of closure in the manner of a crown cap closure is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. It can be seen how the elastic spring plate 12 ', which is here completely encased by an elastomer to form the outer fastening part 11', has a collar c projecting outwards in the region of the inner circumference i. This increases the diameter along the circumference i. After this outer fastening part 11 'has been slipped over the side bead 7 of the holding part 1, the upstanding collar c is raised into the position shown in cross section in FIG. 16 with a corresponding tool, as a result of which the diameter in the inner circumference i is reduced. In other words, by reducing this diameter in a desired manner, the elastically yielding cushion 16 penetrates into the annular undercut 8 of the holder partly 1, whereby the desired clamping effect is achieved again.

17 to 21, a different type of spring ring 13 is shown than in connection with the figures. 1 to 4 described. The mounting part 1 also has a slightly changed shape compared to the exemplary embodiment particularly emphasized in FIGS. 1, 7 and 8

The difference of the new metal spring ring in the latter embodiments with respect to the former consisting essentially only in the formation of the _V erlänge- stanchions 14, 30 which as in the case of Fig. 1 c to 4 are spaced from each other from the circumferential surface of the elastically yielding cushion 16 exit. Otherwise, the metal spring ring 13 itself, as in the other embodiments, lies within the elastically yielding cushion of the elastomer or plastomer, surrounded and embedded by it.

The extensions 14, 30 according to FIGS. 17 to 21 are, in contrast to the first described embodiment, differently designed and shaped so that one, for example the first extension 14, can be hooked into the other, the second extension 30.

For this purpose, the first extension 14 of the metal spring ring 13 is essentially straight, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIGS. 18, 19 and 21. It can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 20 that the extension 14 does not have to be an exact geometric straightness, in which the extension 14 is somewhat bent relative to the exit point from the cushion 16 and is continued radially in another path. 17, 18, 20 and 21 it can also be seen that the ends of the two extensions end approximately at the same distance from the outer circumference of the elastic cushion 16.

So while the first extension 14 is essentially straight de, the second extension 30 is designed differently. It should also be noted that the specified distances c, d and length 1 are drawn using the figures for an already mounted metal spring washer 13, while some distances are changed in the unassembled state. It should therefore be noted that the distance c is the distance that the two central axes of the extensions 13 and 30 have along the circumference of the rister 16. Due to the compression, the distance c is therefore somewhat larger from the definition, while it has actually become smaller compared to the relaxed state due to the hanging.

The second extension, generally designated 30 in the figures, is bent from the outer circumference of the cushion 16 at a distance c - viewed in the circumferential direction of the cushion 16 - over a length 1 to the first extension 14, i.e. 21 upwards, in FIG. 18 downwards and in FIG. 17 pointing towards the viewer. The length 1 is smaller than the distance c explained above between the two extensions 1.4 and 30 emerging from the cushion 16. At the end 31 of the length 1 just described, the second extension 30 is bent back again in a U-shape so that the one shown in FIGS 18 and 19 shown bent back piece 32 results. This U-shaped piece 32 is the hanging part, into which the first extension 14 is hooked, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 21.

In order that the narrowing is made easier, because in particular two pins standing parallel to one another in the neighborhood can be moved and twisted around one another by tools, this U-shaped piece 32 is again transverse to the circumferential direction, i.e. thus pointing radially outward and bent parallel to the first extension 14 so that the end part 33 results.

Claims (13)

1. Device for fastening a water-impermeable, flexible web (10) made of an elastomer on a wall (6) to be sealed, in particular a flat roof, with a mounting part (1) which can be fastened to the wall (6) and which has a projection (5) has an outwardly projecting, an undercut (8) forming side bead (7), and with an outer fastening part (11), the web (10) being clampable between the holding part (1) and the outer fastening part (11), characterized in that the outer Fastening part (11) a plate-shaped elastic spring plate (12) at least partially encased by an elastomer or plastomer, and a clamping device (13) enclosed on all sides by an elastomer or plastomer to form an elastically yielding cushion (16) arranged opposite the flexible web (10) has a piece. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic spring plate (12) consists of metal and is annular. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastic spring plate (12) from its outer periphery (21) has radially inwardly projecting slots (22). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer fastening part (11) near its outer circumference (a) has a thin annular lip (17) projecting obliquely inwards and away from the plate bottom. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer fastening part (11) in the region of the clamping device (13) has a protective cap (17a) made of elastomer or plastomer. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping device is an open metal spring ring (13). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping device is a one-sided or double-sided permanently deformable metal wire by twisting (Fig. 9 and 10). 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping device is an open coil spring (21) (Fig. 12). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping device is a permanently deformable metal piece in the manner of a hose clamp (Fig. 13 and 14). 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elastic spring plate (12 ') in the region of its hole in the manner of a crown cap closure has a permanently deformable, upstanding collar (c) (Fig. 15 and 16). 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6 and 10, characterized in that the open metal spring ring (13) is arranged in the elastically yielding cushion (16) of the elastomer or plastomer and two in the circumferential direction of the cushion (16) at a distance (c ) has extensions (14, 30) projecting approximately radially from one another, one (14) of which can be suspended in the other (30). 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, characterized in that the first extension (14) of the metal spring ring (13) is substantially straight and the second extension (30) at a distance (d) from the outer circumference of the cushion (16) approximately in the circumferential direction over a length (1) that is smaller than the distance (c) between the two extensions (14, 30), bent to the first extension (14) and bent again at the end (31) U-shaped (32) is bent back (Fig. 17, 21). 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, 10 and 12, characterized in that the piece (32) bent back in a U-shape at the end (31) of the second extension (30) is again transverse to the circumferential direction radially outward and parallel to first extension (14) bent end part (33) (Fig. 17 to 21).

Images