EP0056934B1 - Device for securing a flexible sheet to a structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for fastening a water-impermeable, flexible web made of an elastomer on a wall to be sealed, in particular a flat roof, with a mounting part which can be fastened to the wall and which has a projection with outwardly projecting, undercut side bead, and with an outer Fastening part, the web being clampable between the holding part and the outer fastening part.

A device of the type described above is known for sealing roof surfaces (FR-A-2429303). The water-impermeable flexible sheet is a roof skin, which is preferably made of rubber. Such roof skins are very weather-resistant and to a certain extent also mechanically resistant, so that they are particularly well suited for sealing roofs of all kinds, in particular on concrete flat roofs.

Difficulties . have prepared the fortifications; because it is impractical to have such a flexible web, i.e. H. Rubber roof skin, through middle-on the surface, d. H. of the wall to be sealed, which are passed through the roof skin. At this point, there would always be rain, despite the seal, so that 'cutting, piercing, drilling or the like can be ruled out for the purpose of fastening the flexible web.

It is therefore a two-part clamping device has been developed, which consists of a bracket part directly attachable to the wall, which, for. B. can be attached directly to the wall in question by screws. This retaining part or inner clamping part protrudes outward from the wall in the form of a projection and has a circumferential side bead projecting at a distance from the wall and projecting in the direction of the extent of the wall. In cross section, this results in a type of mushroom shape, the undercut described being at the upper end of the stem of the mushroom. After attaching this bracket part, the flexible sheet is placed on the wall and over this bracket part. The holder parts are arranged at different distances on the wall so that the flexible web is adequately fastened at the points of the holder parts.

The attachment is now such that an open spring washer made of steel is slipped over the mounting part, the spring ring being slightly bent apart to make it easier to put on. After it has been pushed over the side bead, the bending force ceases, so that the spring ring, by its own spring force, pulls the intervening flexible path around the mushroom head and into the undercut. This achieves a certain grid effect and the roof skin is fixed.

Weather influences, in particular wind and temperature fluctuations, can sometimes result in a loosening of the known mechanical fastening of the flexible web, because only the clamping force of the spring ring acts as a holding element. Due to the significant changes in weather, fatigue of the spring washer cannot be ruled out.

In addition, when a roof skin is clamped in the manner described above, there is often a wrinkling and folding of the roof skin, which not only results in an unattractive appearance, but also in the area of the folds or adjacent stretches of the flexible web, so that the fastening is loosened and, if appropriate damage to the roof skin is to be expected.

The invention is therefore based on the object to improve the fastening device described above so that the disadvantageous wrinkling, damage to the flexible web and also the slipping out of the spring ring is eliminated and even greater fastening stability is achieved with simple means.

This object is achieved in that the outer fastening part has a plate-shaped elastic spring plate at least partially encased by an elastomer or plastomer and a clamping device enclosed on all sides by an elastomer or plastomer to form an elastically yielding cushion arranged opposite the flexible web. The material used here can be the same material as that of the flexible sheet, preferably for the roof skins and for the associated fastening part, elastomer, in particular rubber. The outer fastening part thus has the elastic spring plate on the one hand and the clamping device on the other. The elastic spring plate advantageously ensures that the wind forces acting from outside cannot act on the clamping or stopping point where the waterproof, flexible web is attached to the wall, but are caught on the outer circumference of the spring plate. It is not a rigid structure in which the wind forces could possibly damage the flexible web, but the spring plate is elastic and can, if necessary, distribute pressures caused by wind forces.

Furthermore, damage to the flexible web is advantageously avoided by the elastically yielding cushion, which can be produced simply and practically by the all-round sheathing of the clamping device, while the clamping device is on all sides by the elasto meren or plastomers, it may be sufficient if the plate-shaped spring plate is only partially surrounded by the elastomer or plastomer. In a particularly preferred embodiment, however, the elastic spring plate is also completely covered, so that the outer fastening part is an almost completely covered working part. The elastically yielding cushion resulting from the sheathing of the clamping device also means a particularly strong mounting option in the undercut of the inner mounting part. In addition, with the possibility of large restoring forces, the cushion encompasses the preferably annular clamping device and the inner edge of the elastic spring plate arranged in the vicinity thereof. One can deform the inner edge of the spring plate and also the entire plate-shaped fastening part more or less deviating from the geometrically exact circular shape, so that triangular, square or polygonal openings result (the same also applies to the outer contour of the outer fastening part). However, the round design is preferred and more favorable in terms of production technology, which is why the inner diameter and outer diameter are used to explain the invention.

Due to the spring force of the elastic spring plate made of metal, which tries to return to its original position after fastening while increasing the height of the truncated cone, the pronounced cushion is pressed into the undercut of the mounting part, so that a reliable and long-term fastening is ensured.

It is preferred if, according to the invention, the elastic spring plate consists of metal and is ring-shaped. As a result, the elastic spring plate is inexpensive to manufacture and surrounds the clamping device in the form of a ring and supports its spring force to hold the flexible web on the mounting part fastened to the wall to be sealed in question. It is also advantageous according to the invention if the elastic spring plate has slots projecting radially inwards from its outer circumference. The mentioned plate shape of the clamping ring and thus the elastic spring plate means truncated cone. The inner diameter of the annular elastic spring plate is practically the middle, lower part of the plate, from which the annular spring plate widens conically outwards. It understands sic: i that such a truncated cone shape develops particularly favorable restoring forces when they are completely covered by the plastomer or elastomer, e.g. B. rubber, coated spring plate is compressed in the axial direction. Nothing else happens when fastening the. flexible web; because the outer fastening part is pressed onto the flexible web placed over the holding part in such a way that the preferably ring-shaped clamping device can be slipped over the side bead of the holding part towards the wall and thus snapped into the undercut. The arrangement of the outer fastening part according to the invention is provided so that the elastic spring plate, ie. H. the truncated cone it forms has a lower height than in the unloaded state. This compression of the truncated cone of the spring plate in the direction of its axis is facilitated by the radial slots, which allow the outer diameter of the plate-shaped spring plate to be enlarged by spreading.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the outer fastening part has, near its outer circumference, a thin annular lip which projects obliquely inwards and away from the plate bottom. If, for example, the flexible membrane is to be installed as a roof covering on a flat roof, there is understandably an uneven surface there, which is specified by the customer. According to the invention, a tension equalization is created by the ring lip when the laying surface is uneven. In other words, the ring lip prevents the flexible web from being twisted in the case of uneven surfaces which cause the outer plate of the spring plate to deform or enlarge. The latter is therefore no longer warped on one side and is therefore less exposed to damage. The annular lip also reduces the frictional force between the outer fastening part and the flexible web when the flexible web is installed on the wall in question. The ring lip represents a built-in role, so to speak. The unevenness bridged in this way by means of the ring lip sometimes has the further advantage that a defined counter bearing results for the outer fastening part.

The invention is expediently further developed in that the outer fastening part has a protective cap made of elastomer or plastomer in the region of the clamping device. This protective cap can, for example, be integrally formed or otherwise attached to the casing of the outer fastening part. The cap serves a stronger mechanical protective effect. It is particularly expedient if the protective cap is arranged at a certain distance from the flexible web in the installed state, so that cushion-like protective surfaces result in particular where the flexible web is pulled over and braced over the holding part. In this part of the web, which mostly has a greater curvature, the protective cap then prevents hail or other mechanical impacts from striking. A flexible sheet is clearly easier to damage by hard impacts when tensioned than when it is not stretched. The arrangement of the protective cap is therefore useful, in particular in the region of the side bead above the annular undercut of the holding part.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the clamping device is an open metal spring washer. It is true that the design of the ring itself is a spring ring of the known type described at the outset. According to the invention, however, this metal spring ring is enclosed on all sides by the plastomer or elastomer, and, moreover, it is integral with the at least partially encased elastic spring plate. The open spring ring is no longer a separate piece of wire, but in connection with the elastic spring plate, i.e. H. that is, as an outer fastening part, slipped over the (inner) holding part in order in this way to effectively clamp flexible web between these two parts. By encompassing the spring ring through the elastomer or plastomer sheathing, temperature and other weather influences are also reduced, and bending of the open spring ring is no longer possible simply because the sheathing itself encompassing the spring ring on all sides and in the form of a cushion itself has a restoring force who wants to hold the spring ring together in its original form.

In another embodiment, the clamping device is a metal wire that can be permanently deformed on one or both sides by twisting. This is also coated on all sides, and it preferably show on one side, optionally or in the other embodiment also on both sides, the two ends of the metal wire so that they are deformed, i. H. can twist like a bag lock.

Another embodiment of the clamping device is an open coil spring. This is stretched for assembly, but retracts after being slipped over the side bead into the ring-shaped undercut with a clamping effect. It is also conceivable according to the invention if the clamping device is a metal piece that is permanently deformable in the manner of a hose clamp. Here, the assembly is particularly simple because, for. B. a deformation of the wire is only required by a pair of pliers to achieve the known mounting effect with hose clamps.

Another and preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the elastic spring plate has a permanently deformable, upstanding collar in the region of its hole, as a result of which a kind of crown cork closure is formed.

The bracket is fastened to the roof or wall by screws. In the case of wind loads, dynamic loads (alternating voltages) arise which, in the known designs, act on the screw connection via the mounting part and can loosen this over time. When the screw is loosened, it can cause the flexible sheet to perforate when it is unscrewed.

Through the measures of the invention, an additional tensile force is applied to the mounting part or its screw connection during assembly of the outer fastening part as a result of its spring force. Force fluctuations that occur due to wind load are now advantageously absorbed by the outer fastening part in such a way that the pretension of the fastening screw does not fall below a required minimum and this fastening screw cannot be loosened.

A particularly preferred embodiment is further characterized according to the invention in that the open metal spring ring is arranged in the elastically yielding cushion of the elastomer or plastomer and has two extensions which protrude approximately radially in the circumferential direction of the cushion, one of which can be hooked into the other. When not installed, the two extensions protruding from the elastomer or plastomer in the upper region of the outer fastening part are arranged at a short distance from one another so that the open metal spring ring can be pushed over the side bead of the holding part during assembly, specifically together with the flexible sheet, where appropriate, the mentioned distance between the two protruding extensions temporarily increases. Due to the elasticity of the arrangement, the distance is then reduced and can also be further reduced by hanging one extension in the other. For example, a second extension is shaped to be pulled around and latched to the first extension. This process takes place while reducing the distance between the two extensions protruding from the upholstery, so that the open metal spring ring is pulled together a little closer and the entire fastening of the flexible web on the wall or flat roof is firmly anchored to the mounting part.

According to the invention, particularly favorable measures to enable this hanging of the one extension into the other consist in that the first extension of the metal spring washer is essentially straight and the second extension at a distance from the outer circumference of the cushion approximately in the circumferential direction over a length which is less than that The distance between the two extensions is bent to the first extension and bent back again in a U-shape at the end. This U-shaped bent piece allows easy gripping of the first substantially straight extension, so that the desired effect described above can be achieved with simple means, very reliably and with a practical mounting option.

It is also advantageous if, according to the invention, the piece bent back in a U-shape at the end of the second extension is again radially outward and pa transversely to the circumferential direction has bent end part parallel to the first extension. The length of this end part then ends approximately at the same height as the first extension that has just been formed. The piece of the second extension which is bent over transversely and extends in the circumferential direction of the cushion is then, seen in the radial direction, approximately between the outlet and the end of the first straight extension. In other words, the radially outward straight end part provides good handling, for example by using simple pliers to put the second extension around the first extension so that it can hang on.

• Figur 1 im Querschnitt die montierte Befestigungsvorrichtung mit der flexiblen Bahn und der abzudichtenden Wandung,
• Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Befestigungsvorrichtung der Fig. 1 von oben auf die Wandung,
• Figur 3 eine Seitenansicht des offenen Federringes,
• Figur 4 eine Draufsicht des offenen Federringes,
• Figur 5 eine Seitenansicht der elastischen Federplatte,
• Figur 6 die abgebrochen gezeigte eine Hälfte der elastischen Federplatte,
• Figur 7 eine Querschnittsansicht des Halterungsteils,
• Figur 8 eine Draufsicht auf das Halterungsteil von oben,
• Figur 9 die Draufsicht auf eine Klemmeinrichtung in Gestalt eines einseitig durch Verdrillen bleibend verformbaren Metalldrahtes,
• Figur 10 die gleiche Ansicht, wobei der Metalldraht jedoch doppelseitig verdrillbare Enden hat,
• Figur 11 schematisch eine Klemmeinrichtung in Form einer in sich geschlossenen Zugfeder, die zum Ring gebogen ist,
• Figur 12 eine Klemmeinrichtung in Gestalt einer offenen Spiralfeder, die ringförmig im Bereich des Polsters eingelegt ist,
• Figur 13 eine Klemmeinrichtung nach Art einer Schlauchschelle mit einem bleibend verformbaren Metallstück im nicht klemmenden Zustand, während
• Figur 14 die gleiche Art Klemmeinrichtung im klemmenden Zustand zeigt,
• Figur 15 eine elastische Federplatte mit hochstehendem Kragen im Bereich des Mittelloches nach Art des Kronenkorkenverschlusses in nicht klemmendem Zustand,
• Figur 16 die gleiche Ansicht wie Fig. 15, jedoch im Klemmzustand,
• Figur 17 eine ähnliche Seitenansicht des offenen Federringes wie gemäß Fig. 3, jedoch bei einer anderen Ausführungsform,
• Figur 18 eine Draufsicht auf den Federring in einer Darstellung wie gemäß Fig. 4, jedoch bei der Ausführungsform der Fig. 17,
• Figur 19 eine Draufsicht auf die Enden der beiden Verlängerungen des Federringes, wenn man bei der Darstellung der Fig. 17 und 18 von links nach rechts blickt, wobei der Federring bei der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 17 bis 19 eingehängt dargestellt ist,
• Figur 20 eine Querschnittsansicht der montierten Befestigungsvorrichtung mit der flexiblen Bahn und der abzudichtenden Wandung, wobei jedoch eine andere Ausführungsform der Halterung, des äußeren Befestigungsteils und insbesondere des Federringes vorgesehen ist, der die Form nach den Fig. 17 bis 19 hat, und
• Figur 21 eine Draufsicht auf die Befestigungsvorrichtung der Fig. 20 von oben auf die Wandung.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Show it :

• FIG. 1 shows in cross section the assembled fastening device with the flexible sheet and the wall to be sealed,
• FIG. 2 shows a top view of the fastening device of FIG. 1 from above onto the wall,
• FIG. 3 shows a side view of the open spring ring,
• FIG. 4 shows a top view of the open spring ring,
• FIG. 5 shows a side view of the elastic spring plate,
• FIG. 6 shows one half of the elastic spring plate shown broken off,
• FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the holding part,
• FIG. 8 shows a top view of the mounting part from above,
• FIG. 9 is a top view of a clamping device in the form of a metal wire that can be permanently deformed by twisting,
• FIG. 10 shows the same view, but the metal wire has twistable ends on both sides,
• FIG. 11 shows schematically a clamping device in the form of a self-contained tension spring which is bent into a ring,
• FIG. 12 shows a clamping device in the form of an open spiral spring, which is inserted in a ring shape in the area of the cushion,
• 13 shows a clamping device in the manner of a hose clamp with a permanently deformable metal piece in the non-clamping state, while
• FIG. 14 shows the same type of clamping device in the clamped state,
• FIG. 15 shows an elastic spring plate with a raised collar in the area of the center hole in the manner of the crown cap closure in a non-clamping state,
• FIG. 16 shows the same view as FIG. 15, but in the clamped state,
• FIG. 17 shows a similar side view of the open spring ring as in FIG. 3, but in another embodiment,
• FIG. 18 shows a top view of the spring ring in a representation as in FIG. 4, but in the embodiment in FIG. 17,
• FIG. 19 shows a plan view of the ends of the two extensions of the spring ring, if one looks from left to right in the illustration of FIGS. 17 and 18, the spring ring being shown suspended in the embodiment according to FIGS. 17 to 19,
• FIG. 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the mounted fastening device with the flexible track and the wall to be sealed, but another embodiment of the holder, the outer fastening part and in particular the spring ring is provided, which has the shape according to FIGS. 17 to 19, and
• Figure 21 is a plan view of the fastening device of Fig. 20 from above of the wall.

The mounting part 1 consists of a circular disk 2 with a central fastening hole 3 and of narrow recesses 4. At the top, an annular collar 5 adjoins the disk 2 from a frustoconical wall projecting approximately perpendicularly from the wall 6 (FIG. 1), which is connected at its lower end to the disk -2 and has a side bead 7 at its upper end to form an annular undercut 8.

This mounting part 1 is shown in FIG. 1 by means of the screw 9 on the wall 6, for. B. the flat roof attached. The water-impermeable, flexible sheet 10 lies on this holding part 1 and is firmly clamped by the outer fastening part 11 with the help of the undercut 8.

The outer fastening part 11 has the shape of a plate with an open bottom or a truncated cone, which is essentially given by the shape of the elastic spring plate 12 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The outer fastening part 11 has the open spring ring 13 with extensions 14 at its free ends and the frustoconical elastic spring plate 12, both of which are provided with a casing with a bead 15 on the outer circumference a and an elastically yielding cushion 16 on the inner circumference i. In Fig. 1 it can also be seen that the outer fastening part 11 near its outer circumference a has an obliquely inwardly and away from the plate bottom thin annular lip 17 which shows all around towards the center, as can also be seen in Fig. 1. An annular protective cap 17a is integrally formed on the pad 16 and covers the hole formed by the inner diameter i at a distance apart from a small central opening 16a.

The shape of the fastening part 11 is essentially determined by the annular, elastic metal spring plate 12, which is explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. From the drawing it can be seen that the inner diameter 20 of the spring plate 12 is approximately the same size as the diameter D of the spring ring 13 (see FIGS. 4 and 6).

From the outer periphery 21 of the spring plate 12 extend radially inwards, evenly on Scope distributes slots 22. It is understandable that the height h of the frustoconical spring plate 12 can be reduced during assembly by compressing the fastening part 11 from the outside down to the wall 6, while the outer circumference 21 of the slits 22 are widened slightly Spring plate 12 enlarged.

The assembled state of the fastening device in Fig. 1 shows that the holding part 1 with its side bead 7 protrudes through the inner opening formed within the inner diameter i of the outer fastening part 11, the flexible web 10 between the cushion 16, supported by the inner circumference i of the spring plate 12, further by the directional force of the spring ring 13 and additionally by the restoring force in the cushion 16, and the side bead 7 is clamped, vigorously, reliably and without undesirable wrinkling, because a large-area pressure distribution is made possible by the new fastening device.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a clamping device in which instead of the open spring ring 13 in the manner of a bag closure, permanently deformable ends protrude laterally on one side (FIG. 9) or on both sides (FIG. 10). These can be twisted permanently like when closing a sack. One will expediently use a relatively soft steel wire here.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12, a clamping device with a self-contained tension spring 20 (FIG. 11) bent to form a ring or an open clock spring (FIG. 12) is used. This type of clamping device is assembled by a spreading process by using a spreading device, stretching the cushion area provided with the respective spring, pushing it over the side bead 7 and then removing the spreading device.

13 and 14, a clamping device is shown, in which a ring made of wire or sheet metal, preferably made of V2A steel, is used in the manner of a hose clamp and is also permanently deformed. The top view of the not yet deformed shape according to FIG. 13 is a circular piece of metal which has additional tabs or loops on two diametrically opposite ends of the circle. As shown in the figures, this piece of metal can preferably be bent in an endless manner in the manner described. After the outer fastening part has been slipped over the side bead 7 of the holding part 1, the metal piece according to FIG. 13 is pressed together at the points denoted by b in such a way that the shape of FIG. 14 results in a top view. In this way, the attachment is made and the desired clamping effect is achieved.

Another other type of closure in the manner of a crown cap closure is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. It can be seen how the elastic spring plate 12 ', which is here completely encased by an elastomer to form the outer fastening part 11', has a collar c projecting outwards in the region of the inner circumference i. This increases the diameter along the circumference i. After this outer fastening part 11 'has been slipped over the side bead 7 of the holding part 1, the upstanding collar c is raised into the position shown in cross section in FIG. 16 with a corresponding tool, as a result of which the diameter in the inner circumference i is reduced. In other words, by reducing this diameter in a desired manner, the elastically yielding cushion 16 penetrates into the annular undercut 8 of the holding part 1, as a result of which the desired clamping effect is achieved again.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 17 to 21, a different type of spring ring 13 is shown than described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4. The mounting part 1 also has a slightly changed shape compared to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 7 and 8.

The difference of the new metal spring washer in the last-mentioned exemplary embodiments compared to the former essentially consists only in the shape of the extensions 14, 30, which, as in the case of FIGS. 1 to 4, are arranged at a distance c from one another and emerge from the peripheral surface of the elastically yielding cushion 16. Otherwise, the metal spring ring 13 itself, as in the other embodiments, lies within the elastically yielding cushion of the elastomer or plastomer, surrounded and embedded by it.

The extensions 14, 30 according to FIGS. 17 to 21 are, in contrast to the first described embodiment, differently designed and shaped such that one, for example the first extension 14, can be hooked into the other, the second extension 30.

For this purpose, the first extension 14 of the metal spring ring 13 is essentially straight, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIGS. 18, 19 and 21. It can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 20 that the extension 14 does not have to be an exact geometric straightness, in which the extension 14 is somewhat bent relative to the exit point from the cushion 16 and is continued radially in another path. 17, 18, 20 and 21 it can also be seen that the ends of the two extensions end approximately at the same distance from the outer circumference of the elastic cushion 16.

Thus, while the first extension 14 is essentially straight, the second extension 30 is configured differently. It should also be noted that the specified distances c, d and length 1 are drawn using the figures for an already mounted metal spring washer 13, while some distances are changed in the unassembled state. It should therefore be noted that the distance c is the distance that the two central axes of the extensions 13 and 30 have along the circumference of the pad 16. Due to the compression, the distance c is therefore somewhat larger from the definition, while it has actually become smaller compared to the relaxed state due to the hanging.

The second extension, which is generally designated 30 in the figures, is bent from the outer circumference of the cushion 16 at a distance c - viewed in the circumferential direction of the cushion 16 - over a length 1 to the first extension 14, i. H. in the representation of FIG. 21 upwards, in that of FIG. 18 downwards and in FIG. 17 pointing towards the viewer. The length 1 is smaller than the distance c explained above between the two extensions 14 and 30 emerging from the cushion 16. At the end 31 of the length 1 just described, the second extension 30 is bent back again in a U-shape so that the one shown in FIGS 18 and 19 shown bent back piece 32 results. This U-shaped piece 32 is the hanging part, into which the first extension 14 is hooked, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 21.

To make it easier to hang up, because in particular two pins standing parallel to one another in the neighborhood can be moved and twisted around one another by tools, this U-shaped piece 32 is again transverse to the circumferential direction, i.e. H. thus pointing radially outward and bent parallel to the first extension 14 so that the end part 33 results.

Claims (13)

1. A device for securing a water-impervious flexible web (10) of an elastomer to a wall structure (6) to be sealed, in particular a flat roof, comprising a holder member (1) which can be secured to the wall structure (6) and which has a projection (5) with outwardly projecting side bead (7) forming an undercut configuration (8), and an outer securing member (11), wherein the web (10) can be clamped between the holder member (1) and the outer securing member (11), characterised in that the outer securing member (11) has, as one piece, a resilient plate-like spring member (12) which is at least partially encased by an elastomer or plastomer, and a clamping means (13) which is enclosed on all sides by an elastomer or a plastomer, forming a resiliently flexible cushion (16) arranged opposite the flexible web (10).

2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the resilient plate spring member (12) comprises metal and is annular.

3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the resilient plate spring member (12) has slots (22) which extend radially inwardly from its outer periphery (21).

4. A device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the outer securing member (11), adjacent the outer periphery (a) thereof, has a thin annular lip (17) which extends inclinedly inwardly and away from the bottom of the plate member.

5. A device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the outer securing member has a protective cap (17a) of elastomer or plastomer in the region of the clamping means (13).

6. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the clamping means in an open metal spring ring (13).

7. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the clamping means is a metal wire which is permanently deformable on one or both sides by twisting (see Figures 9 and 10).

8. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the clamping means is an open spiral spring (21) (Figure 12).

9. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the clamping means is a metal member which is permanently deformable in the manner of a hose clip (Figures 13 and 14).

10. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the resilient spring plate member (12') has a permanently deformable, upwardly projecting collar portion (c), in the region of its hole, in the manner of a crown cork closure (Figures 15 and 16).

11. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6 and 10, characterised in that the open metal spring ring (13) is disposed in the resiliently flexible cushion (16) of the elastomer or plastomer and has two extension portions (14, 30) which project substantially radially outwardly at a spacing (c) from each other in the peripheral direction of the cushion (16), one of which extension portions (14) can be engaged into the other (30).

12. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, characterised in that the first extension portion (14) of the metal spring ring (13) is substantially straight and the second extension portion (30), at a spacing (d) from the outer periphery of the cushion (16), is bent over to extend on to the first extension portion (14) substantially in the peripheral direction over a length (1) which is less than the spacing (c) between the two extension portions (14, 30), and is bent back again at the end (31) in a U-shape (32) (Figures 17 and 21).

13. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6, 10 and 12, characterised in that the portion (32) which is bent back in a U-shape at the end of the second extension portion (30) has an end part (33) which is again bent over transversely with respect to the peripheral direction radially outwardly and parallel to the first extension portion (14) (Figures 17 to 21).

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