EP0041892B1 - Procédés de compensation des perturbations magnétiques dans la détermination d'un cap magnétique, et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de ces procédés - Google Patents

Procédés de compensation des perturbations magnétiques dans la détermination d'un cap magnétique, et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de ces procédés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041892B1
EP0041892B1 EP81400890A EP81400890A EP0041892B1 EP 0041892 B1 EP0041892 B1 EP 0041892B1 EP 81400890 A EP81400890 A EP 81400890A EP 81400890 A EP81400890 A EP 81400890A EP 0041892 B1 EP0041892 B1 EP 0041892B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetometer
heading
magnetic
axes
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400890A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0041892A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernard Legendarme
Michel Moulin
René Presset
Louis Dedreuil-Monnet
Jean-Marie Marsy
Jean-Claude Goudon
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Thales Avionics SAS
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Crouzet SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT81400890T priority Critical patent/ATE6443T1/de
Publication of EP0041892A1 publication Critical patent/EP0041892A1/fr
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Publication of EP0041892B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041892B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C17/00—Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for navigation or surveying purposes
    • G01C17/38—Testing, calibrating, or compensating of compasses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices intended to give the heading of a vehicle at any time, during its movement, relative to magnetic north. It can be, for example, both a land vehicle and an aircraft.
  • the magnetometer makes it possible to develop voltages proportional to the horizontal components. Hx and Hy of the Earth's magnetic field H .
  • the projection on a horizontal plane of the vector H is a vector Hh whose end M moves on a circle with center 0 origin of the axes OX and OY of the magnetometer.
  • the real magnetic heading ⁇ , angle formed between the direction of the vehicle and the magnetic north, and the angle ⁇ ', deduced from the coordinates given by the magnetometer of point M with respect to its reference axes are equal.
  • This method requires very precise heading measurements which are long and constraining at the operational level.
  • This method of determining corrections can take several hours for a crew of specialists.
  • the compensation methods and devices of the invention aim to considerably simplify the determination of the correction coefficients and to save a very appreciable time, by determining the compensation coefficients directly and without any heading reference from the disturbed magnetometric voltages supplied by the magnetometer.
  • the invention aims to provide coefficients which, after calculation, give the real magnetic heading ⁇ with better precision than the conventional procedure.
  • the disturbed voltages Uxp and Uyp provided by the magnetometer represent the coordinates Xp and Yp in the horizontal plane of the end M 'of the disturbed terrestrial magnetic field vector.
  • a computer determines the parameters of this ellipse and develops compensation coefficients making it possible to transform this ellipse into a theoretical circle centered on the axes OX, OY of the magnetometer and corresponding to the location of point M if the disturbances did not exist.
  • This computer which may or may not be integral with the heading determination device, therefore defines the parameters of the ellipse and calculates the correcting coefficients which it is necessary to apply to the voltages Uxp, Uyp provided by the magnetometer in order to pass from the heading magnetic disturbance ⁇ 'at the real magnetic heading ⁇ .
  • the vertical component H v of the Earth's magnetic field influences the horizontal components Hx and Hy, of the only horizontal component Hh of the Earth's magnetic field, according to the values of the roll angles ⁇ and pitch 0.
  • the compensation coefficients developed by the computer are entered into a memory of the compensation module of the heading determination device, during the compensation procedure.
  • the angle XOM would represent the actual magnetic heading ⁇ .
  • the magnetometer measures the field Hp whose component Hhp in the plane P determines a point M 'such that: XOM is an angle ⁇ 'corresponding to a false magnetic heading.
  • the invention also relates to devices for implementing said compensation methods according to claims 8 and 12.
  • the magnetometer measures the components of a vector whose end M "moves on a circle C 2 whose center O 'is offset by (Xo, Yo) relative to the origin of the axes of the magnetometer.
  • the magnetometer measures a disturbed field Hp such that:
  • equation (1) in the plane of the two-axis magnetometer, that is:
  • the horizontal components of the compensated field can be written being the “soft irons” compensation matrix
  • Hv the vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field.
  • Hxo, Hyo, Ixx, Ixy, lyx and lyy are determined by the following method.
  • Hxo and Hyo are two constant fields due to "hard iron”.
  • the point M When the point M "describes the circle C 2 on the horizontal plane, the point M 'describes an ellipse C 3 with a center: the lengths of the axes of this ellipse depend on kxx, kyy and have an inclination ⁇ with respect to the reference axes which depend on kxy and kyx.
  • the magnetometer is constituted in a known manner by two orthogonal probes whose axes are advantageously coincident with the axes of the carrier vehicle, or parallel to these.
  • the method uses the following choice: after the O'O translation and the double affinity, the rotation is reduced to an identity, that is to say to a rotation of zero angle.
  • Measurements are carried out, for example along five orientations of the vehicle in a horizontal position and regularly spaced apart over one revolution.
  • the computer reverses the matrix W and performs the product:
  • the measurements are advantageously used according to eight orientations and the parameters V are developed by applying a conventional method, known as least squares, to eliminate part of the measurement noise.
  • the magnetometer measures the components of a vector whose end M "moves in a sphere Sz whose center O ', because of the permanent fields of hard irons, is translated from B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , relative to the origin of the magnetometer axes.
  • these permanent fields can be represented by a vector: i, j, k representing the orthogonal axes identified by the three-axis magnetometer mounted on the aircraft.
  • the magnetometer measures a disturbed field Hm such as :
  • H t1 H t2 , H t3 being the components of the magnetic field in aircraft axes and Ht the module of the Earth's magnetic field.
  • the equation is linear and shows nine parameters. It allows to estimate only the symmetrical part of the soft irons (kij + kji).
  • the coefficients of the parameters are the derivatives of the components of the terrestrial field which can only be approximated by the estimated components of the terrestrial field.
  • the nine parameters are estimated by the classical recursive least squares method.
  • the information from the magnetometer is taken and these new measurements are taken into account to improve the estimation of the parameters.
  • the figure represents the magnetic field vector, the end of which M ', when the aircraft is moving in all directions in space, describes an ellipsoid E.
  • the compensation method consists, firstly, in transforming this ellipsoid into a sphere S 'centered on 0' and then centering it on the origin O of the axes OX, OY and OZ of the magnetometer by a translation O'o .
  • This inclinometer 30 is associated with an electronic circuit comprising an oscillator 305, for example, of 400 Hz, followed by a shaping stage 304, supplying two signals in phase opposition to each level probe 301 and 302, as well as 'a synchronization signal by a line 306, to demodulators 307 and 307'.
  • the signals present on resistors R 1 and R 2 connected respectively upstream of the demodulators 307 and 307 ', have their amplitude proportional to the absolute value of the angle of inclination of each probe and their phase provides the sign of the angle of inclination.
  • the information from the magnetometer and the inclinometer are introduced into an electronic unit 40, called the compensation module, which develops the compensated voltages Ux and Uy, from the soft iron correction coefficients lxx, lxy, lyy which have been stored in his memory, by a computer80, at the time of the compensation procedure.
  • the compensation module which develops the compensated voltages Ux and Uy, from the soft iron correction coefficients lxx, lxy, lyy which have been stored in his memory, by a computer80, at the time of the compensation procedure.
  • These voltages are directed, via a junction box 70, to a display device 60 of the wind rose type.
  • sensors placed in the vehicle make it possible to actuate switches 33 and 34 to introduce into the module 40 additional hard iron correction factors, calculated in advance and corresponding to well-defined displacements of magnetic masses (X T , Y T ) and / or the temporary presence of electric current (Xv, Yv) on board the vehicle.
  • the compensation module 40 operates in two ways, depending on whether the heading chain is used in the field to determine the actual heading or whether it is used for the acquisition of the measurements during the compensation procedure.
  • the module 40 transmits the measurements from the magnetometer and the inclinometer to the computer 80 which deduces the compensation coefficients.
  • the computer 80 introduces these coefficients into a memory 2 of the module 40, which can then perform the corrections on the voltages Uxp and Uyp and take account of the vehicle superelevation to give the actual magnetic heading ⁇ .
  • the electronic unit 40 (FIG. 8) comprises two sub-assemblies.
  • This sub-assembly receives the control signals and the information coming from the computer 80 at the time of compensation. It then serves, the computer 80 being disconnected, as a database thanks to memory 2.
  • a second subset operating in analog (variable voltages) comprising an input multiplexer 1, means delivering a reference voltage 7, a digital analog converter 18, used as a multiplier, an output multiplexer 6, and amplifier-summers 3, 3 'and 3 "outlet.
  • This subset receives the information Uxp and Uyp from the magnetometer20 and the hard iron correction voltages such as Xo, Yo and other complementary voltages X T , Y T and Xv, Yv to be taken into account only when the magnetic configuration of the carrier vehicle corresponding to relative displacements of magnetic masses or to the starting of electric motors.
  • each expression Ux and Uy are thus calculated one by one, and the partial results are each memorized, in analog form, by means of a capacitor provided at the output of the multiplexer 6 on each line of each term of the calculation, at namely lxx, lxy, Xo, X T and Xv on the one hand, and lyy, lyx, Yo, Y T and Yv on the other hand.
  • the voltage Uo representative of the vertical component Hv of the earth's magnetic field is developed in the same way, from the corresponding information, or digital profile, which is stored in memory 2 and which is used to multiply the reference voltage, Vref supplied at 7, then applied to the input of the inclinometer 30 (fig. 8) to obtain the voltages ⁇ Uo and ⁇ Uo which will be introduced into the amplifier-summers 3 and 3 'corresponding to the channels Ux and Uy.
  • the hard iron corrections Yo, Xo and complementary X T , Y T and Xv, Yv are worked out in the same way from the reference voltage Vref multiplied by the digital profile of the hard iron parameters stored in memory 2 at the time compensation.
  • the heading chain is connected to the calculator 80, called compensation, which controls its operation.
  • the computer 80 takes into account the information Uxp, Uyp, OUo, ⁇ pUo and Uo coming from the heading chain. It develops the compensation parameters and introduces these parameters in the form of digital signals into the memory 2 of the module 40. Then, it disconnects the clock 4 by a channel (a) (fig.
  • This memory 2 is made non-volatile by a safety voltage delivered, for example, by a lithium buffer battery, so as not to lose the information in the event of a power failure on the network of the carrier vehicle.
  • This viewer has two potentiometers 91, 92 which rotate continuously through 360 ° and which perform a sinusoidal function.
  • Their sliders 91a and 92a are integral with the axis 100 of a direct current servo motor 93. They are set at 90 ° to each other on this axis, so that one performs the sine function ⁇ 'while the other performs the cosine function ⁇ ' ( ⁇ 'being the angle that make the potentiometer sliders with the mechanical reference of zero).
  • the dial and the compass rose also integral with the axis of the motor 93, rotate with the latter.
  • Two inverting amplifiers 110 supply the reverse voltages (- R sin ⁇ ) and (- R cos ⁇ ).
  • the first potentiometer9l whose function is sin ⁇ ', gives at its output 91b a sinusoidal voltage representative of R sin ⁇ ' cos ⁇ while the output 92b of the second, whose function is cos ⁇ ', delivers a sinusoidal voltage from the form R sin ⁇ cos ⁇ '.
  • the level of these two voltages by means of two impedance adapters 94 and 95, these are applied to a differential amplifier 96 with large gain, which makes their difference and supplies a resulting voltage to the servo motor 93 whose rotation drives the dial 98 of the compass rose in front of a fixed index 97 to represent the course.
  • the viewer can deliver a voltage proportional to the heading deviation from the displayed heading by means of a button.
  • This button provided with an index, frictionally coupled to the dial 98 of the rose, makes it possible to position a cursor 99 according to the display of a heading to be followed (fig. 7).
  • This cursor rubs on a circular potentiometric track 98a, whose law of variation is linear over 360 ° and which is subjected to a voltage Qo.
  • the voltage from cursor 99 is therefore proportional to the angle corresponding to the heading deviation.
  • the orthogonal axes in X and Y of the magnetometer and the inclinometer are harmonized during assembly with those of the vehicle. For this, their respective axes in x must each be coincident or parallel with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
  • Via link 70 this case measures the voltages of the sensors in the heading chain. It calculates the compensation coefficients. It then introduces into the memory 2 of the electronic block 40 these compensation coefficients. It makes it possible to introduce the inclination of the earth's magnetic field of the place of compensation in the form of a voltage Uo. This information is found on a geographic map placed in the lid of the suitcase.
  • the microprocessor 21 selects, by a bus of the addresses 212, the instructions contained in its program memory. It reads these instructions in the read-only memory 23 via the data bus 213.
  • This goal also allows it to receive data from the heading chain, namely: Uxp, Uyp, Uo, OUo and ⁇ Uo in digital form via a multiplexer 27, a filter 28, an analog-to-digital converter 29 and a coupler 30.
  • bus 213 also allows access (write and read) to the RAM 24 for the intermediate storages necessary during the course of the program.
  • the suitcase also has a display module 60, with an interface 126 allowing, for example by means of three lamps, to display photo-etched messages such as for example an alarm in the event of an anomaly during the compensation operation.
  • the values of the roll and pitch angles are displayed during the acquisitions on display modules of the 7-segment type consisting for example of light-emitting diodes.
  • Service modules 216 by a service bus 214, are used to validate the information for the various modules and memories. Via a coupler 211, the suitcase also transmits on a digital line the service signals necessary for entering correction parameters in the heading chain.
  • the microprocessor 21 selects, by the multiplexer 27, the channel corresponding to the first parameter (for example Uxp) involved in the calculation of the compensation.
  • This parameter is filtered at 28, coded in digital by the converter 29, and introduced on the data bus 213 via the coupler 30.
  • the microprocessor 21 reads this data, stores it and goes to the acquisition of the following parameter by selecting, by the address bus 212 and the selection line 215, another. multiplexer channel 27.
  • the microprocessor 21 When the acquisitions have been made according to eight orientations in the various possible magnetic states of the vehicle, the microprocessor 21 performs the calculation of the compensation coefficients. When the calculation is complete, the results are, through a coupler 211, entered in digital form in the memory 2 of the compensation module 40 of the heading chain.
  • This device for correcting the voltages supplied by a magnetometer from the coefficients developed by means of a computer during the procedure thus described, makes it possible to quickly and effectively compensate for the magnetic disturbances resulting from ferromagnetism influencing the environment of a magnetometer.
  • This device lends itself particularly well to the production of a "heading chain which, on board a vehicle, constantly elaborates the real magnetic heading of this vehicle.
  • the compensation method would consist in identifying the parameters, characteristics of the geometric model adopted from a satisfactory number of magnetometric measurements taken over 360 °, without any heading reference, then, as before, in determining the coefficients of compensation so as to be able to transform the geometric figure representative of the adopted model into a circle centered on the origin of the reference axes.
  • This calculation unit can for example be an MC 6800 8-bit microprocessor, of N-MOS technology, used in a mixed manner, either for 16-bit fixed-point calculations, or for 24-bit floating-point calculations.
  • the samplers are controlled by a timer 407 to supply the control pulses.
  • the input signals thus captured are then directed to a multiplexer 408 and introduced into an analog ⁇ digital converter 409 before they can be used in the calculation unit 410 which develops, in digital form, the various information necessary for navigation either : the longitudinal attitude, the roll and the self-compensated magnetic heading.
  • the calculation of the compensation coefficients can be carried out in real time, if the computer is on board or carried out on the ground, after memorizing the information taken in flight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Magnetic Ceramics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
EP81400890A 1980-06-05 1981-06-04 Procédés de compensation des perturbations magnétiques dans la détermination d'un cap magnétique, et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de ces procédés Expired EP0041892B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81400890T ATE6443T1 (de) 1980-06-05 1981-06-04 Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur kompensierung magnetischer stoerungen beim messen eines magnetischen kurses.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8012725 1980-06-05
FR8012725A FR2484079A1 (fr) 1980-06-05 1980-06-05 Procede de compensation des perturbations magnetiques dans la determination d'un cap magnetique, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Publications (2)

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EP0041892A1 EP0041892A1 (fr) 1981-12-16
EP0041892B1 true EP0041892B1 (fr) 1984-02-29

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EP81400890A Expired EP0041892B1 (fr) 1980-06-05 1981-06-04 Procédés de compensation des perturbations magnétiques dans la détermination d'un cap magnétique, et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de ces procédés

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US (1) US4414753A (ja)
EP (1) EP0041892B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5752813A (ja)
AT (1) ATE6443T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU553800B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1194119A (ja)
DE (1) DE3162423D1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2484079A1 (ja)

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US4414753A (en) 1983-11-15
FR2484079B1 (ja) 1982-06-11
EP0041892A1 (fr) 1981-12-16
FR2484079A1 (fr) 1981-12-11
JPS5752813A (en) 1982-03-29
ATE6443T1 (de) 1984-03-15
CA1194119A (en) 1985-09-24
AU7140181A (en) 1981-12-10
DE3162423D1 (en) 1984-04-05
AU553800B2 (en) 1986-07-31
JPH0340323B2 (ja) 1991-06-18

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