EP0041184B1 - Flüssigkristallanzeige (FKA) und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Flüssigkristallanzeige (FKA) und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041184B1
EP0041184B1 EP81103896A EP81103896A EP0041184B1 EP 0041184 B1 EP0041184 B1 EP 0041184B1 EP 81103896 A EP81103896 A EP 81103896A EP 81103896 A EP81103896 A EP 81103896A EP 0041184 B1 EP0041184 B1 EP 0041184B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
state
alkyl
layer
polymer layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81103896A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0041184A3 (en
EP0041184A2 (de
Inventor
Hans Dipl.-Phys. Krüger
Roland Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Rubner
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0041184A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041184A2/de
Publication of EP0041184A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041184A3/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/027—Polyimide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid crystal display according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a liquid crystal display according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the liquid crystal molecules must have a certain orientation in the unswitched state.
  • this quiescent state texture is usually generated by suitably prepared orientation layers on the carrier plates, and a number of techniques have now been developed with which virtually any desired molecular alignment can be brought about and can also be maintained over long operating times.
  • An orientation layer which correctly pre-orientates the liquid crystal generally has such a large alignment force that when the switching voltage is applied it adjusts the neighboring ones Prevents liquid crystal molecules from changing to the new order state.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an orientation means for a liquid crystal display which, on the one hand, ensures a clean initial texture and, on the other hand, does not disturb the orientation state of the switched-on liquid crystal.
  • This object is achieved by a display with the features of claim 1.
  • Liquid crystalline polymers are already known per se; see Makromol. Chem. 180 (1979) 803, with further evidence. It is also already known that the molecules of these compounds can be reoriented by external electrical fields and that the different orientation states can be frozen by cooling the polymer (EP-A-7 547, DE-A-2 722 589 and DE-A-2 831 909); use as a switchable orientation layer had never been thought of. In addition, there were also relatively early considerations to form a (tilted) homeotropically orientated layer of solid smectic crystals (DE-B-2 315 541). However, such a coating is not a polymer and, moreover, cannot be switched.
  • the orientation layer provided according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that it adapts its alignment effect to the switching state of the liquid crystal, in such a way that in the off state - like a conventional orientation layer - it itself provides the desired texture and in the on state it not only does not provide the new molecular orientation impaired but even encourages. There is no reason to fear that the polymer layer will react too sluggishly when switching over and therefore might not be able to perform the described change of state in good time. Switching times were measured in the range of seconds for the liquid crystal polymers examined to date. In the present case, however, the switching process will be completed much faster. This is because the orientation layer changes its alignment effect when only its orienting components fold over, and these parts - they are the mesogenic units on the layer surface that are in direct contact with the liquid crystal molecules - rotate at a similar speed to the surrounding liquid crystal medium.
  • the polymer usually contains main chains, to which mesogenic side chains are attached via flexible bridges. While the main chains are oriented according to a statistical distribution, the side chains, whose orientation is practically not influenced by the position of the main chains, form a liquid-crystalline phase.
  • the layer could also be produced by direct polymerization of the flexible bridges provided with the mesogenic units. In any case, the effective layer is extremely thin and, in extreme cases, can be monomolecular.
  • the tilt angle that the orientation layer gives the liquid crystal molecules depends primarily on how closely the mesogenic units are arranged. If they are relatively close together, they protrude vertically into the liquid crystal layer and lead to a (tilted) plate perpendicular orientation; if, on the other hand, they are at a large distance from one another, they lie in the plane of the board and accordingly produce a (tilted) homogeneous texture.
  • the liquid crystal molecules aligned in parallel to the plate are given a uniform preferred direction if the orientation layer is applied using a directional process, such as a dipping technique or the so-called “roller coating” process.
  • the polymer layer can be matched to the liquid crystal layer in such a way that it either switches first or follows the liquid crystal. Embodiments in which these two switching variants are particularly advantageous are described in claims 2 to 4. Otherwise, you could also use a liquid crystal that does not switch under the influence of the field but through the switching polymer layer is taken. In this case, the display takes about the same time to switch on and off, which corresponds approximately to the usual switch - off times. Compared to conventional display types, the switch-on time for static control is less favorable, but it becomes very attractive if you multiplex.
  • the polymer layer also work as a switchable polarizer.
  • An embodiment is particularly recommended in which the polymer is linearly polarized in the switched-off state and light which passes through in the on-state can pass unattenuated.
  • the polarizer is only required in one of the two switching states and in the other switching state only acts as an unnecessarily light and contrast-damping element.
  • a specific embodiment, in which the advantages of a polymer layer with switchable orientation and polarization capability are particularly effective, is characterized in claim 7.
  • the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1 is a transmissively operated seven-segment number display.
  • the display contains in particular a front linear polarizer 1, a front carrier plate 2, a rear carrier plate 3 and a rear linear polarizer 4.
  • the two carrier plates are connected to one another via a frame 6.
  • the chamber formed by the frame and the two substrates is filled with a liquid crystal layer 7.
  • the plates 2 and 3 each have on their mutually facing surfaces conductive coatings (front electrode made of individually controllable segment electrodes 8, continuous back electrode 9) and switchable polymer layers 11, 12 which orient the liquid crystal layer 7.
  • the orientation and switching properties of the polymer layers depend on the electro-optical effect with which the display device works and where the focus of the improvements is to be. The following four examples are selected from the multitude of possibilities.
  • the display is operated as a rotary cell, i. H. in the idle state, the liquid crystal layer is uniformly parallel to the plate, with a 90 ° twist in the direction of the plate normal, and changes to a perpendicular orientation when the switching voltage is applied.
  • the liquid crystal switches in front of the polymer layer; both layers are therefore softly coupled.
  • the display device Compared to a conventional rotary cell, the display device has above all a higher image contrast, can be read from oblique directions and has better multiplex properties.
  • the liquid crystal display works as an inverse rotating cell, in which the liquid crystal molecules are homeotropically oriented in the rest state (tilted) and assume a plate-parallel twisted texture under the influence of an E field.
  • the polymer layer switches later than the liquid crystal (soft coupling). The same improvements result as in Example 1.
  • the display is based on the so-called “phase change” effect. It has a cholesteric liquid crystal that is homeotropically nematic when excited.
  • the polymer layer is oriented parallel to the plate in the off state and perpendicular to the plate in the on state. It switches more slowly than the liquid crystal layer.
  • a hysteresis is created in the voltage-contrast diagram. It is even wider than the hysteresis loop that has been observed with homeotropic edge orientation (Appl. Phys. Lett. 25 (1974) 5).
  • Such bistability effects are known to allow extremely high multiplexing ratios.
  • the orientation layer has the effect that the transition between cholesteric homeotropic becomes sharper and takes place at a somewhat lower threshold field. This also results in an improved multiplex behavior.
  • the polymer layer can not only be used in a multitude of applications, as illustrated by the examples described, but can also be produced in very different ways.
  • the procedure will generally be to either link mesogenic units to a main chain via flexible bridges (alternative 1) or to link components of the type [-flexible bridge mesogenic unit] to each other by polymerizing the bridges (alternative 2).
  • a copolymerization of the bridges with other olefinically unsaturated compounds is also possible. You usually have the choice of letting the polymerization reaction take place on the substrate or applying the reaction product from a solution to the substrate.
  • the coupling usually takes place via chemical functions capable of addition or condensation on the parts to be connected to one another.
  • the flexible bridges usually consist of alkylene or alkylene ether groups.
  • the function P which is preferably olefinically unsaturated, will generally be as follows
  • 4-Methoxy-4'-hydroxybiphenyl is prepared by reaction with ethylene chlorohydrin in aqueous alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution and subsequent azeotropic esterification with methacrylic acid in chloroform, catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid, 4- (methacyloyloxy) ethoxy-4'-methoxybiphenyl.
  • This substance is dissolved in a benzene solution under nitrogen in the presence of 1 mol. 2,2'-Azoisobutylonitrile heated to 65 ° C for 8 hours.
  • the reaction product is dissolved in chloroform and precipitated in a mixture of acetone and methanol.
  • a solution of the liquid-crystalline polymer in N-methyl-pyrrolidone is applied to a glass substrate provided with a conductor track structure via a rubber roller and dried at 100 ° C.
  • a solution of 100 g of polyamidocarboxylic acid, prepared from diaminodiphenylmethane and pyromellitic anhydride, 100 g of 4- (methacryloyloxy) ethoxy-4'-methoxy-biphenyl and 1 g of 2,2'-azoisobutyronitrile in N-methylpyrrolidone is applied to a with a conductor structure via a rubber roller provided glass substrate, then dried at 100 ° C and finally heated to 2500 ° C for 30 minutes.
  • the display in FIG. 2 differs from the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 in that the polymer layer 12 also functions as a polarizer in the switched-off state and, accordingly, the polarizer 4 is missing. Otherwise, the polarizer 1 could also be omitted, namely if the carrier plate 2 or the orientation layer 1 are given polarizing properties.
  • the display shown works as a rotary cell with mutually parallel polarizers, the polymer layer 12 allowing the light to pass unattenuated when the switching voltage is applied. As a result, the light has only one polarizer to pass through when it is switched on and thus maintains a greater intensity than in the case of a rotary cell of conventional design. (A polarizer never polarizes ideally in practice, so that two polarizers in parallel position always absorb more light than a single polarizer.)
  • Such a polarizing polymer layer can be produced, for example, by replacing a certain proportion of the mesogenic units with a suitable dye unit.
  • the dyes thus installed are carried along by the reorienting mesogenic units when the orientation layer is switched.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, since the principle of the switchable orientation layer, which may also also act as a switchable polarizer, is advantageous for any type of display with a pre-oriented liquid crystal layer.
  • the principle of the switchable orientation layer which may also also act as a switchable polarizer, is advantageous for any type of display with a pre-oriented liquid crystal layer.
  • other aspects such as the voltage distribution between polymer and liquid crystal in the two switching states or the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the polymer layer or the reflection behavior, the layer structure, must also be taken into account.
  • the voltage-contrast characteristic could be further increased if the orientation layer was suitably given different resistances in its two states.
  • the polymer layer becomes extraordinarily resistant to mechanical effects and heat loads if it is mixed from precursors of highly heat-resistant polymers and mesogenic compounds which carry polymerizable, addable or condensable groups and, if appropriate, also contains initiators, catalysts or sensitizers.
  • the display can be internally anti-reflective with coordinated layer thicknesses; the polymer layer thicknesses required for this are still in the range which must be switched on because of the otherwise required polymer properties.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
EP81103896A 1980-05-30 1981-05-20 Flüssigkristallanzeige (FKA) und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Expired EP0041184B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3020645 1980-05-30
DE3020645A DE3020645C2 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Flüssigkristallanzeige und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041184A2 EP0041184A2 (de) 1981-12-09
EP0041184A3 EP0041184A3 (en) 1982-04-14
EP0041184B1 true EP0041184B1 (de) 1984-05-16

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ID=6103627

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81103896A Expired EP0041184B1 (de) 1980-05-30 1981-05-20 Flüssigkristallanzeige (FKA) und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4469408A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0041184B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5740228A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3020645C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4522691A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-06-11 Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd. Method for manufacturing a multicolor filter and a multicolor display device
DE3331515A1 (de) * 1983-09-01 1985-03-21 Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Trialkanoyloxysilane
JPS60252486A (ja) * 1984-05-28 1985-12-13 Toray Silicone Co Ltd 液晶性有機けい素化合物
WO1987002715A1 (en) * 1985-10-29 1987-05-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or Composite electrodes for use in solid electrolyte devices
JPS62124525A (ja) * 1985-11-25 1987-06-05 Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd 液晶装置
US4726659A (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-02-23 Rca Corporation Display device having different alignment layers
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EP0266136A3 (en) * 1986-10-28 1989-08-16 Stc Plc Ferroelectric liquid crystal cells
US4894180A (en) * 1987-01-07 1990-01-16 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal optical element
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US5067797A (en) * 1988-03-25 1991-11-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display cell and process for producing the same
US5247379A (en) * 1989-02-16 1993-09-21 S. T. Lagerwall S.A.R.L. Chiral nematic liquid crystal device with linear electroclinic effect
JP2662814B2 (ja) * 1989-06-06 1997-10-15 株式会社リコー 液晶性高分子の配向方法
US5208080A (en) * 1990-10-29 1993-05-04 Ford Motor Company Lamination of semi-rigid material between glass
US5438421A (en) * 1991-04-24 1995-08-01 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Orientation film of liquid crystal having bilaterally asymmetric ridges separated by grooves
US5579140A (en) * 1993-04-22 1996-11-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Multiple domain liquid crystal display element and a manufacturing method of the same
KR0148391B1 (ko) * 1993-08-31 1998-11-16 박경팔 액정표시소자
IE940943A1 (en) * 1993-12-09 1995-06-14 Methode Electronics Inc Printed plastic circuits and contacts and method for making¹same
KR0185213B1 (ko) * 1994-05-27 1999-04-01 김정배 폴리에스테르계 주쇄 고분자 액정 화합물 및 이를 이용한 액정표시 소자
TW472081B (en) * 1996-09-17 2002-01-11 Merck Patent Gmbh Optical retardation film
KR20020010211A (ko) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-04 윤종용 액정 표시 장치 및 그의 제조 방법
JP2004524385A (ja) * 2000-11-23 2004-08-12 メルク　パテント　ゲゼルシャフト　ミット　ベシュレンクテル　ハフトング ホメオトロピック整列層
KR101040457B1 (ko) * 2003-12-30 2011-06-09 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 코팅형 보상필름을 적용한 액정표시장치 및 그 제조방법
KR20060075502A (ko) * 2004-12-28 2006-07-04 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 광시야각을 갖는 액정표시장치

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3020645C2 (de) 1983-01-20
US4469408A (en) 1984-09-04
DE3163588D1 (en) 1984-06-20
DE3020645A1 (de) 1981-12-10
EP0041184A3 (en) 1982-04-14
JPS5740228A (en) 1982-03-05
EP0041184A2 (de) 1981-12-09
JPH0440695B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-07-03

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