Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
  • A61K31/429—Thiazoles condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/43—Compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula, e.g. penicillins, penems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/22—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Definitions

• This invention relates to a crystalline solvate of sodium amoxicillin, a process for its preparation and to the preparation of therapeutically useful injectable preparations from this solvate.
• the literature shows that great efforts have been made to find amoxicillin preparations which in dry form are sufficiently stable and which provide a suitable starting material for stable injectable solutions.
• the prior literature also shows that the chemical and physical properties of amoxicillin differ from those of semi-synthetic penicillins known hitherto to such a degree that the methods commonly used for the preparation of injectable solutions of those penicillins cannot be applied generally for the formation of injectable preparations of amoxicillin.
• Suggested solutions include modified preparations from the usual alkali metal salts of amoxicillin and on the other hand the use of salts with different cations.
• British patent No. 1466553 discloses a process for the preparation of the choline salt and the N-methyl-D-glucamine salt of amoxicillin, whereas in British patent No. 1464065 the preparation of the arginine salt of amoxicillin is described. Said salts of amoxicillin would result in new non-toxic amoxicillin preparations for parenteral administration to humans with preservation of the antibiotic activities. It is also stated in the latter patent that neither amoxicillin as such nor the salts known hitherto can be administered satisfactorily by the parenteral route.
• the Japanese published application 51032723 discloses the preparation of a suitable injectable solution comprising amoxicillin and the sodium salt of glycine.
• British patent No. 1471235 discloses a pro- cess for the preparation of salts of D-a-carboxyamino-p-hydroxybenzyl penicillin, intended for the preparation of satisfactory injectable amoxicillin compositions. It is also stated here explicitly that the preparation of injectable preparations of amoxicillin had been found to be much more difficult than initially anticipated, due to the decomposition of amoxicil- lins salts in aqueous solutions.
• Canadian patent No. 1045549 describes a process for the production of a stable preparation of amoxicillin from which stable injectable preparations can be obtained which are well tolerated on administration.
• This preparation consists of a powder that is easily constituted into an injectable preparation by addition of an aqueous vehicle.
• the powder consists of minute particles of amoxicillin trihydrate coated with a dispersion agent with the ratio of amoxicillin trihydrate to dispersion agent being from 1000:1 to 20:1.
• the minute particles should have a mean diameter of 2 p m to 20 p m and at least 95% of them should have a diameter between 0.5,um and 50 ⁇ m, whereas 10 to 100% of the surface should be coated with the dispersion agent.
• solvates of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of amoxicillin with amides is described in British patent No. 1465694.
• Preferred amides are those of the formula RCONR l R 2 (in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R, and R 2 each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group) and urea.
• RCONR l R 2 in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R, and R 2 each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group
• the Examples show that only dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide have been actually applied.
• amoxicillin trihydrate serves as a starting material which is dehydrated first by treatment with an alkanol. This requires a considerable time of stirring and results in a gelatinous product that is difficult to handle.
• a diethylamine salt is formed first and this is subsequently converted into the sodium salt.
• the solvates formed with amides are not always well defined products with a constant composition.
• the use of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in compositions for topical application having a penicillin as the active ingredient, is described in GB-A-1,538,903.
• the sodium salt of amoxicillin forms a crystalline solvate with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which crystalline solvate is a well defined product with a constant composition. It can be obtained in a simple manner in a stable crystalline form which is suited to be constituted into a useful injectable preparation.
• the invention provides as a new substance the solvate of sodium amoxicillin with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
• the new solvate is prepared by reacting amoxicillin, preferably the trihydrate, with a solution containing.a source of sodium ions and subsequently causing the solvate to crystallise in the presence of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone by addition of one or more organic solvents.
• the reaction between amoxicillin and the source of sodium ions is preferably carried out in a polar organic solvent.
• the reaction may for example suitably be carried out in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or a mixture thereof with a polar organic solvent.
• a suitable solvent mixture is for instance a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with an alcohol having at most 6 carbon atoms, for example ethanol.
• the reaction and the crystallisation are preferably carried out at a temperature between -10° and 40°C, more particularly between 0 and 25°C.
• Suitable sources of sodium ions are sodium compounds already known in respect of the preparation of other semi synthetic penicillins.
• Sodium 2-ethylhexanoate is preferably used.
• Other examples of sources of sodium ions are sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. If desired, the sodium ethylhexanoate can be prepared in situ from the base and the acid.
• solvents can be used to effect crystallisation of the solvate.
• Solvents already known in the preparation of penicillin salts are generally suitable for the purpose.
• Preferred solvents are halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate, alcohols such as ethanol and propan-2-ol, and nitriles such as acetonitrile.
• an amount of ethanol is added first and then propan-2-ol.
• Example II The procedure of Example I was followed with substitution of the dichloromethane by 400 ml of ethyl acetate. The yield was 98 g (84.5%). The product contained 72.2% of amoxicillin (calculated as the free acid), 21% of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 0.5% of ethyl acetate, 0.5% of decomposition products and 0.7% of water.
• Example II The procedure of Example I was followed with substitution of the dichloromethane by 300 ml of ethanol. The yield was 44 g (38%). The product contained 73.7% of amoxicillin (calculated as the free acid), 20% of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2% of ethanol, 0.5% of decomposition products and 0.4% of water. The non-crystallised amoxicillin could be recovered in a simple way as the trihydrate.
• Example II The procedure of Example I was followed with substitution of the dichloromethane by 400 ml of acetonitrile. The yield was 91 g (78.4%). The product contained 73.1% of amoxicillin (calculated as the free acid), 20% of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1% of acetonitrile, 0.8% of decomposition products and 0.3% of water.
• Example II The procedure of Example I was followed with substitution of dichloromethane by 450 ml of propan-2-ol. The yield was 63 g (54.3%). The product contained 70.3% of amoxicillin (calculated as the free acid).
• the amoxicillin content was determined by the ferri hydroxamate method.
• the percentage of decomposition products was determined by mercurimetric titration.
• the percentages of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and other solvents were determined by means of NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography.
• the water content was determined by the method of Karl Fischer.
• Lines with an intensity less than 0.07 are omitted.
• the invention also includes the preparation of injectable compositions from the solvate of sodium amoxicillin and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone by a method customarily employed in pharmacy.
• the injectable composition may, for instance, be prepared by adding distilled, sterile, pyrogen-free water and other optional auxiliary substances to the dry solvate and sterilizing the resulting solution by the usual method.
• a sterile solvate is prepared by sterile filtration and the said solvate is made into an injectable solution under aseptic conditions.
• amoxicillin concentrations in the injectable liquid are 200 and 50 mg/ml, respectively for intramuscular and intravenous administration.
• Suitable dosages of amoxicillin for parenteral administration in adult humans range from 750 to 4500 mg daily.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

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• 1980
  • 1980-05-08 NL NL8002636A patent/NL8002636A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1981
  • 1981-04-27 US US06/257,747 patent/US4318852A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1981-05-04 EP EP81200470A patent/EP0039967B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1981-05-04 AT AT81200470T patent/ATE9871T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1981-05-04 DE DE8181200470T patent/DE3166683D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-05-05 DK DK199381A patent/DK199381A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1981-05-05 GR GR64833A patent/GR75654B/el unknown
  • 1981-05-06 JP JP6805581A patent/JPS572293A/ja active Granted
  • 1981-05-07 ES ES501979A patent/ES8203015A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1981-05-07 IE IE1005/81A patent/IE51399B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation

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