EP0026936A1 - Process for creating living-spaces, especially on board ships, and living-spaces produced by this process - Google Patents

Abstract

The process is based on the fact that the place between the decks which is intended for the spaces is split up by means of optical methods into its parts in proportions which come to an integral multiple of the selected and adopted module, the nodal and limit points of these parts being permanently designated by means of stud bolts (5) and suspension means (30) which are welded to the lower deck (1) and upper deck (2). Furthermore, established in the base area is the position of the lower frame and, in relation to it, the position of the upper frame (14) in the region of which the ceiling framework (28) is created. The wall areas are filled with wall panels (19) and the ceiling framework with ceiling panels (32). Finally, the floor is laid on the lower deck (1). These living spaces are characterised in that the lower frame is connected to a frame of vertical supports, and the deck hangs freely on suspension means (36) and is elastically connected to the wall area by wall covering strips (29). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating living spaces, in particular on board ships, and to living spaces produced using this method.

A manufacturing method for living spaces on ships is known, according to which first "U" or "L" shaped holders are welded to the lower deck in the area of the future rooms and L-shaped holders to the upper deck. Formwork panels are then installed on these welded brackets, which are inserted into the lower brackets and fastened to the upper brackets with screws. The ceiling is assembled from panels cut on site, which are attached to the L-shaped brackets welded to the upper deck using screws. The sanitary rooms are made in a similar way, the walls being mounted with the help of a foundation welded to the lower deck; the panel joint of these walls has a groove filled with sealant.

Another known method for the production of living spaces on ships in the intermediate deck, using prefabricated elements, is based on the fact that first a scaffold structure is manufactured, the forms the supporting skeleton of the room, the horizontal frames of which are arranged at a certain distance above the lower deck, while the lower frame is connected to this deck at individual points.

The ceiling elements equipped with elastic spring elements are pressed into the supporting skeleton of the ceiling from the outside and the wall elements from the outside and / or from the inside. The scaffolding structure of the rooms consists of steel profiles, these profiles having different gripping elements as required and can be used individually or in pairs, for example in the form of two profiles running in parallel and lying against one another with their base surfaces. The lower frame of the scaffold structure is provided with screws on which the entire structure rests on the deck and with the help of which the correct position of this structure is set, after which the screws are welded to the deck and cast with a uniform mass, which after hardening forms the floor. The floor produced in this way is provided with a floor covering.

The known methods for the production of living spaces have a large amount of work for the production, the necessity of using many different technological operations in a relatively small area, which results in high production costs. The materials used in the construction of known rooms are not fully used economically and the prefabricated ones used Elements have to be manufactured with very high dimensional accuracy.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for the construction of living spaces, which is limited to the Mohtag steps, in the implementation of which only a small amount of simple tools and devices is required. Accordingly, all labor-intensive locksmith work and the number of permanently connected, e.g. welded parts is reduced to a minimum. The construction of the living spaces according to the invention is based on the assumption of creating a possibility of building spaces that are different in size and internal planning, by assembling them from typical and series-produced elements, their shape and dimensions regardless of the type of rooms to be created.

This goal was achieved by developing a procedure based on the implementation of mutually independent operations, activities and technical work stages, as well as the technical conditions for their implementation, according to which primarily the space intended for the accommodation in individual parts to such extent is divided, which are the entire multiple of the selected and adopted common divider - called module - and the nodes and limit points of these parts are permanently designated, preferably with the help of brackets and clamps attached to the lower and upper deck in an optical method assumed position to be attached.

In the corners of the areas intended for each room, profile connectors are used, preferably on elastic brackets, which are provided with spacer plates with threaded openings, whereupon the arrangement of these connectors in the base area determining the basis of the room is determined using an optical method. After determining the base area in the area of the determined living space, the sanitary block is set up. The guide profiles forming the lower frame are then attached to the attached and pre-fastened connectors, which are firmly connected to these connectors. At the intermediate points, the guide profiles of the lower frame are also supported from below with spacer plates placed on the holders.

In a further order, the position of the upper corner brackets, which were previously attached to the upper deck, is corrected in relation to the optically defined area and the position on the bracket brackets and the spacing plates, which determine the height of the room structure, is fixed. The guide profiles that form the upper frame, which is parallel to the base surface, are attached to the brackets with the aid of profile connectors, and these guide profiles are permanently attached to the connectors, like the lower frame. The lower and upper frames are connected using vertical supports, which rest in seats filled with insert connectors.

During the subsequent activity, the Plating the structure permanently installed a window niche, which forms the basic element for the further assembly operations of the window wall element. The sanitary block is then set up at the installation site, its position in relation to the base area is regulated, connected to the sanitary installation and firmly connected to the deck. In the area of the upper frame, an independent ceiling truss is created, which is preferably attached elastically to the upper deck. After completion of the supporting structure of the rooms and their equipment with fastenings and installations, the sealing profile is suspended on vertical supports, after which the wall panels are inserted into the upper and lower guide profiles, which are hung on the vertical supports.

After hanging the wall panels into the window wall, the wall niche of the window element, which is in contact with the window niche of this element, is installed. The door element is fastened in the wall of the room from the corridor side and then the wall panels are attached in the room on both sides of this element on vertical supports and on the door frame.

In the ceiling framework, lighting and ventilation cassettes etc., as well as ceiling panels, are primarily installed, which form the actual surface of this ceiling, which is then framed with wall ceiling strips. The floor is made in layers in a further sequence and the butt joint of the wall and floor surface is masked with a baseboard, which is attached to the guide that forms the lower frame. After the room has been created, finishing work is carried out.

The main characteristics of the room construction and the process are based on the fact that vertical beams with a closed cross-section are used to manufacture the walls, at the ends of which the arms of the insert connector are inserted and firmly connected to them and the projections of these connectors in the seats of the guides used and preferably firmly connected to the back of these guides. At the corners, on the other hand, the mutually interconnected guides are firmly connected with the aid of profile connectors and preferably with a welded connection. The wall panels have vertical borders in the form of folds parallel to the panel surface, which partially cover the sealing profile filling the space between these panels. These bends change into lateral bends that are perpendicular to the plate surface, that are provided with hooks and stiffening pressings that are used to attach the plates to the vertical beams. Mineral wool is glued to the inner side of the plate, whereby the wool protrudes beyond the plate edges and forms a vibration amortizer between its surfaces after the plates have been attached to the beams. The inner and outer corners of the wall are finished with similar, integral, angular panels that are attached to the vertical beams and are the outer corners of the walls of the neighboring rooms additionally connected with connecting plates, whereby these rooms form a closed complex.

The window element located in the wall of the room adjoining the ship's plating contains a wall niche that is attached to the vertical beams and is provided with a sliding compensation frame, while the window niche is equipped with a plate and opening, the front surface of this plate being larger than the opening surface of the compensation framework. In addition, the wall niche, including the frame attached to it, is detachably connected to the vertical supports. The door element used in the room wall to the corridor consists of a door wing and a door frame, the mutually facing borders of both the wing and the frame of the door consisting of metal elements of their supporting structure, which are subdivided with insulation layers that are perpendicular to the wing and frame surfaces the door are located. In addition, the edge of the door leaf has a groove on its entire circumference, which is filled with expanding compound; There is an emergency exit in the lower part of the door wing area.

The door frame is rectangular and extended upwards with vertical beams, with all frame profiles - except for the threshold - having protrusions on both sides of their outer edges, resulting in a protrusion in the side surfaces of which are elongated openings intended for hanging the wall panels. The essential feature of the ceiling that made up Carriers of the free-hanging truss and the ceiling panels, lighting, ventilation cassettes, etc. used in this truss is based on the framing of the ceiling surface of composite two-part wall-ceiling strips, each of which consists of longitudinally connected elementary strips, the lower one Strip is located on the ceiling surface and the ceiling truss connected to the support, while the other, upper strip is a compensation strip, which is fastened in the guide of the upper frame and lies directly against the wall surface. A characteristic and essential feature of this wall-ceiling strip is that the total width of the elementary strips is greater than the width of the joint between the edge panels of the ceiling and the wall and the connection of both strips is between the wall surface and the edge of the lower strip.

The floor according to the invention is multilayered and in the middle of these layers there is at least one elastically deformable and relatively thick layer of elastic material and above it at least one rigid base layer which is covered with a decorative covering.

The method for the construction of living spaces according to the invention enables a significant reduction in the construction time, by limiting them essentially only to the assembly of previously prepared prefabricated elements and connecting pieces which are brought to the assembly site. The arrangement of the mutual situation and the Technical solutions of the individual components enable their prefabrication with an expanded scope of the manufacturing tolerance, as well as, in necessary cases, easy and simple regulation to achieve the planned and required room geometry.

• Fig. 1 den schematischen Aufbau eines Wohnraumes im Horizontalschnitt,
• Fig. 2 'einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine Raumecke,
• Fig. 3 den Horizontalschnitt durch eine andere Ecke,
• Fig. 4 einen senkrechten Schnitt durch einen Raum,
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf die auf dem Unterdeck befestigte untere Rahmenecke,
• Fig. 6 einen senkrechten Aufriss der am Unterdeck befestigten unteren Rahmenecke gemäss Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 den nächsten Schritt der Erstellung des Raumes mit montiertem unteren und oberen Rahmen, sowie mit dem dazwischen montierten Vertikalträger,
• Fig. 8 den Querschnitt durch den Träger gemäss der Linie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 einen Querschnitt durch die Raumwand im Aufriss,
• Fig. 10 den Horizontalschnitt durch einen Teil dieser Wand im Bereich des Vertikalträgers,
• Fig. 11 das Fensterelement im Aufriss,
• Fig. 12 die Ansicht des Türelementes,
• Fig. 13 den Horizontalschnitt des Türrahmens- und flügels dieses Elementes entlang der Linie XIII-XIII in Fig. 12 mit Sichtbarmachung der angehängten Wandplatten,
• Fig. 14 den Aufriss des Türelementes,
• Fig. 15 die Verbindung zwischen Decke und Wand mit Hilfe der Wand-Deckenleisten, und
• Fig. 16 einen Fussbodenausschnitt im Aufriss zur Sichtbarmachung der einzelnen Bodenschichten.

The new method is explained below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows:

• 1 shows the schematic structure of a living space in horizontal section,
• 2 'is a horizontal section through a corner of the room,
• 3 shows the horizontal section through another corner,
• 4 shows a vertical section through a room,
• 5 is a plan view of the lower frame corner attached to the lower deck,
• 6 is a vertical elevation of the lower frame corner attached to the lower deck according to FIG. 5,
• 7 shows the next step of creating the space with the lower and upper frames mounted, and with the vertical support mounted in between,
• 8 shows the cross section through the carrier along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7,
• 9 shows a cross section through the room wall in elevation,
• 10 shows the horizontal section through part of this wall in the region of the vertical support,
• 11 the window element in elevation,
• 12 is the view of the door element,
• 13 shows the horizontal section of the door frame and wing of this element along the line XIII-XIII in Fig. 12 with visualization of the attached wall panels,
• 14 the elevation of the door element,
• Fig. 15 shows the connection between the ceiling and the wall using the wall-ceiling moldings, and
• 16 shows a floor cutout in elevation to make the individual floor layers visible.

The creation of the living spaces according to the invention takes place in such a way that, during the first activities, the space intended for these spaces, which is within the ship structure or between the Decks is located, is divided into parts using an optical method, and the nodes and boundary points are characterized by welding brackets 15 and fastenings in the form of studs 5 and elastic brackets 6, as well as rigid 30 and elastic 31 hangers. The stud bolts 5 and the elastic brackets 6 are welded to the lower deck 1, while the holders 15 and the suspensions 30, 31 are welded to the upper deck 2. Spacer plates 7 are screwed onto the threaded bolts of these parts 5, 6, 30 and 31. Then you proceed to the determination of the base area, according to which the spatial position of all rooms is oriented. This area is determined by regulating the spacer plates 7 on the thread of the stud bolts 5 and elastic brackets 6, the correct position of the plates 7 being optically determined. The profile connectors 4 are attached to the brackets prepared in this way with the spacer plates 7 and these connectors are fastened in the corners of the room in a stationary manner. The integrated sanitary block 52 is then placed in the room area. In the further course of the work, the guides 8 are laid on the connectors, which together form the lower frame 3 of the space which lies in the base area and these guides are fixed to the connectors at rest. If absolutely necessary, if the guides deviate from the base surface, these guides can be corrected by regulating their position and then firmly connecting the inner profile connectors that are located between the corner profile connectors. After the fixed connection of the guides 8 with the profile connectors 4 and Checking the geometry of the lower frame 3 created in this way, the exact position of the threaded bolt of the rigid or elastic suspension 30, 31, which are fixed in the corners of the room on the upper deck 2, is determined, and the position of the spacer plates 7 is also fixed on these bolts . The illustration of the suspension, which is attached to the upper deck, with the spacer plate placed on its bolt, is carried out with the aid of a control device which is oriented towards three points of the corner back of the lower frame 3, one point of which is located at the top of the corner, the the other two on the corresponding tours. On the suspensions thus prepared, the profile connectors 4 are laid and fastened at the corners, then the guides 8 are attached and firmly connected to the connectors, whereby the upper frame 14 is formed. The prepared frames - the lower 3 and the upper 14 - are connected to the vertical supports 17, which have insert connectors 21 inserted at both ends, one of these connectors, which is located in the seats 9 in the back 13 of the guide of the upper frame, was fixed at rest during the prefabrication. The insert connector in the seat of the lower frame 3 is fixed to the vertical support after inserting the support in the upper and lower frame and liquidation of the game that can occur between the boards 59 of the insert connector and the seats 9 of the guides. In the further construction process, the window niche 38 is firmly inserted into the outer plating and then the sanitary block 52, its Position is regulated in relation to the base area and its installation is simultaneously connected to the installation network of the ship; at the end of this operation, the sanitary block is fixed to the lower deck 1 at rest. At the level of the upper frame 14 and in its area, the ceiling framework 28, which is freely suspended below the upper deck 2 on suspensions 36, is then assembled, which is composed of the ceiling beams 35. The finished supporting structure of the rooms will be equipped with fastenings for furniture and electrical cables in the further course of the construction. The sealing profiles 18 and wall plates 19, which are pressed onto the supports by the pressure edge 11 of the arm 10 of the guide, are attached to hook elements 26, with which the vertical supports 17 are provided. The vertical border of the wall panels ends with a fold 24, which partially covers the sealing profile 18. The fold bends of the plates merge into lateral bends 25 which run perpendicular to the plate surface and end in hook elements 26 which are provided with press-throughs 27 in order to increase their rigidity and strength. The inner plate surfaces are provided with a mineral wool layer which is glued there, this layer being elastically deformed after being suspended on the vertical support 17 by projecting beyond the plate edge, as a result of which there is play at the connections of the longitudinal openings 23 with the hook elements 26 is eliminated and vibration damping is also effected. On the inside and outside of the wall surfaces 16 there are similar . Supplementary angle profiles 20 are attached and the outer corners of the adjacent rooms are also joined together with compensating elements 22, which are also hung on vertical supports 17.

The elements of the window element 37 are then mounted in the window wall by attaching a frame plate 41 to the window recess 38 and the wall recess 39 with the compensation frame 40 which can be displaced therein to the vertical supports 17. The inwardly curved border of the wall recess 39 is used for the purpose of adjustment the wall surface 16 connected to the frame 42. The door element 43 is mounted on the wall bordering the corridor; the element consists of a door leaf 45 and the associated door frame 44. The border of the door leaf and the door frame was formed with inwardly curved edges of its supporting structure and divided with insulation layers 47, which are located perpendicular to the surface of the door leaf and the door frame. There is also a groove on the edge of the door leaf 45 which is filled with expanding compound 48 and an emergency exit 46 is provided in the lower part of the door surface. The door frame has the shape of a rectangle, which is extended upwards with vertical supports 17 and all profiles of this frame - with the exception of the threshold - have protrusions 50 on both sides on the outer edges, which results in a protrusion 51, in the side surfaces of which there are elongated openings 23, into which one hook clamps 26 for the wall plates 19, as well as for the plate over the door 49 starts. In the ceiling framework 28 made in the previous operations, lighting and ventilation cassettes as well as ceiling panels 32 are inserted, and the ceiling surface created in this way is framed with wall ceiling strips 29, each of which consists of a lower strip 34, which is located in the ceiling surface , and is attached to the ceiling support 35, and consists of an upper bar 33 which is held by the pawl edge 12 of the guide 8, which bar rests directly on the wall surface 16. In the next - usually the last - operation, the layered floor 53 of the room is produced, the lower deck 1 being primarily covered with a leveling layer 58, whereupon an elastic mass 56 made of mineral wool is laid; then the wing 57 is cast, which is provided with a decorative floor covering 55 after hardening. The butt corners of the wall surface 16 and the floor 53 are masked with a skirting board 54 which is fastened from above between the wall surface and the latch edge 12 of the guide 8 and is supported on the floor surface 53 below.

Claims (15)

1. A method for creating living spaces, in particular on board ships, from prefabricated elements manufactured outside the ship, which are assembled on the limited space of the planking on board the ship, characterized in that the space intended for the accommodations with the help of optical Methods is divided into its parts, in outer dimensions that make up an integral multiple of the selected and adopted module, the nodes and boundary points of these parts being permanently identified, preferably with the aid of stud bolts (5) and welded onto the lower deck (1) elastic brackets (6) and hangers (30, 31) welded to the upper deck (2), that the position of the lower frame (3) is then determined on the base area, the sanitary block (52) set up, the lower frame (3) put together and is fixed and in relation to him the position of the upper frame (14) is fixed that both frames by Verti Kalträger (17) are connected, then the position of the sanitary block (52) is set and fixed, then a self-supporting ceiling truss (28) is created in the area of the upper frame, which is provided with installations together with the rest of the supporting structure, then between the horizontal Guide rails (8) set up the door element (43) and that Window element (37) is mounted, and on the vertical beams (17) sealing profiles (18) and the wall plates (19) are attached, on one side to the fuselage walls and on both sides of the built-in partition walls, by inserting them into the horizontal guide rails (8) and the openings of the vertical supports (17) are pressed in, while additional angle profiles (20) and compensating elements (22) are hung in the corners of the room and lighting and ventilation cassettes and ceiling panels (32) are pressed into the ceiling supports (35), whereupon the ceiling surface is joined two-part wall-ceiling strips (29) are framed and finally a floor (53) is cast, which is provided with a decorative covering (55) and with a skirting board (54) which is pressed onto the lower horizontal guide rail (8), that the cheeks of this bar rest against the wall surface (16) and the floor surface. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower frame (3) on the base surface by adjusting the position of the profile connector (4) on the stud bolts (5) and elastic brackets (6) is adjusted. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the position of the upper frame (14) in relation to at least three points of the corner back of the lower frame (3), of which only one for both guides (8) of the lower frame (3) is common, regulated and adjusted. 4. Living rooms, especially on board ships, equipped with a sanitary block, which are composed of prefabricated components, have a skeleton support structure and a point-supported lower frame, characterized in that the guides (8) on the lower frame (3) and are connected to one another on the upper frame (14) by means of profile connectors (4), the position of which is regulated by spacer plates (7), the lower and upper frame are connected by vertical supports (17), with wall and angle plates attached to the supports ( 19, 20), an integrated window element (37) being mounted on one of the wall surfaces (16), on the other hand an integrated door element (43) on the other, the ceiling (28) forming a freely hanging truss system which is in two parts with the wall surface Wall-ceiling moldings (29) is connected, which frame the ceiling surface consisting of lighting and ventilation cassettes and ceiling panels (32), and the multi-layer footboard (53) is sealed to the wall surface (16) by a skirting board (54) which is fastened on one side between the wall surface and the guide and on the other side is supported on the floor. 5. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that at the intermediate points between the corners, the guides (8) are supported by stud bolts (5) or elastic brackets (6) with spacer plates (7) attached to them. 6. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that the double guide (8) has a W-like shape and the simple guide has an S-like shape, with its arms a pressure edge to the wall surface (16) and a latch edge to the wall ceiling strip (29) or to the skirting board (54) and the guide back is provided with a seat for attaching the insert connector. 7. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that the vertical supports (17) have a closed cross-section and are connected to the guides (8) by an insert connector (21), the arms of which are inserted into the ends of the support and the executive boards these connectors rest in the seats of the guides. 8. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that the corners of their wall surfaces (16) are filled by angle profiles (20) and the groups at these corners are joined together with compensating elements (22). 9. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that the wall surfaces (16) and angle profiles (20) have vertical borders in the form of folds (24) parallel to the plate surfaces, which merge into side bends (25) and run perpendicular to the plate surface with Hook clamps (26) end, which are provided with stiffening press-throughs (27). 10. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that 'in the wall surface (16) attached window element (37) contains a wall niche (39) which hangs on vertical supports (17) and is provided with a displaceable compensation frame (40), however the window recess (38) has a frame plate (41), the width and height of which is greater than the width and height of the compensation frame. 11. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that the borders of the door leaf (45) and the door frame (44) are formed from metal elements of their supporting structure, which are subdivided with insulation layers (47) and the door leaf (45) on its border with a groove provided with expansion compound (48). 12. Living rooms according to claim 4 or 11, characterized in that the vertical Frame profiles of the door frame (44) are extended upwards by vertical supports (17) and all frame profiles - apart from the threshold - have protrusions (50) on both sides, which form a protrusion (51), the side surfaces of which are elongated 'openings (23) for attaching the wall panels (19). 13. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that the two-part wall-ceiling strip (29) framing the ceiling (28) consists of a lower strip (34) on the ceiling surface and an upper strip (33), the latter being a compensation strip, which is attached to the guide of the upper frame (14) and rests directly on the wall surface (16), and both strips are connected to one another. 14. Living rooms according to claim 4 or 13, characterized in that the total width of the lower and upper strips (34, 33) is greater than the width of the gap between the end ceiling panels and the wall. And the compensating elements of the two strips between the wall surface (16) and the edge of the lower bar (34) are located. 15. Living rooms according to claim 4, characterized in that their multilayer floor (53) has at least one relatively thick elastic layer (56) which consists of elastic material and at least one thinner and stiff layer is laid over it.

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