EP0026861A1 - Agencement de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Agencement de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026861A1
EP0026861A1 EP80105594A EP80105594A EP0026861A1 EP 0026861 A1 EP0026861 A1 EP 0026861A1 EP 80105594 A EP80105594 A EP 80105594A EP 80105594 A EP80105594 A EP 80105594A EP 0026861 A1 EP0026861 A1 EP 0026861A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shape memory
memory alloy
critical temperature
arrangement
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP80105594A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Alex Bosshard
Walter Bosshard
Bernd Volle
Jörg Zollinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0026861A1 publication Critical patent/EP0026861A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for overvoltage protection of electrical devices with a voltage limiting path connected in parallel with the protected device, which reduces the voltage at the device to a harmless value when a critical voltage is exceeded.
  • Such surge protection arrangements contain, for example, known, gas-filled surge arresters, in which a gas discharge path between two electrodes serves to limit the voltage. If the ignition voltage is exceeded, a gas discharge is formed, as a result of which the voltage across the protected device is reduced to the operating voltage of the gas discharge or a short circuit is generated if the current increases further.
  • known surge arresters e.g. with varistors, i.e. with resistors with very high negative voltage exponents of the resistor.
  • Surge arrester arrangements which contain fusible links have therefore become known. These have a solder bump with a melting point in the range of 50-150 ° C, which are in heat-conducting contact with an arrester electrode or a holder part. When the melting temperature is reached, the solder pearl melts and a short circuit is formed due to the spring pressure of the holder parts.
  • a disadvantage of such previously known arrangements is that this short circuit is irreversible. Furthermore, the melting of the solder pearl leads to contamination of the environment, which usually renders the holder inoperable. For both reasons, the holder and surge arrester must be replaced. There is also the risk of short circuits in system parts due to molten solder. A solder bead also depends on the position, i.e. the arrangement cannot be oriented as desired, so that the installation options are severely limited. Since a spring force is also required, an intermediate piece between the arrester and holder is almost always required. Thus, the leakage current must not only flow through the arrester and the holder, but also through the intermediate piece, i.e. Solder pearl. In addition to an additional voltage drop, this means a reduction in reliability due to the unfavorable corrosion behavior of the transition contacts and the known poor long-term behavior of solder alloys.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of previously known overvoltage protection devices and, in particular, to provide such an arrangement in which a short-circuit contact is closed safely and reliably and with a sufficiently large force at a predetermined temperature, without impairing the surroundings, i.e. without contamination or destruction of the holder or system components.
  • Such an arrangement should continue to be location independent, can be used multiple times without the need to replace parts, i.e. it should show reversible behavior.
  • the arrangement should continue to be stable over the long term and also be less susceptible to corrosion over longer times than previously known arrangements, without additional transition resistances.
  • the invention is characterized by an element made of a shape memory alloy with a certain critical temperature, which closes a contact bridging the voltage limiting path when this critical temperature is exceeded.
  • shape memory alloys which are also known as “shape memory alloys” to Use, as they store the selected __ in the preparation at elevated temperature geometric shape.
  • shape memory alloys also known as “shape memory alloys” to Use, as they store the selected __ in the preparation at elevated temperature geometric shape.
  • Such shape memory alloys are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,174,851 and 3,403,238, DE-PS 1,288,363 and 1,558,715 and DE-AS 2,261,710. As a rule, these are metals which are one Show martensite transformation.
  • Nickel / titanium alloys also known under the name Nitinol, which have a mass fraction of approximately 55% Ni and 45% Ti, have proven to be particularly suitable. Their properties could be improved in part by adding alloys of Cu, Al, Si, Fe, Co, Mn, V and other elements.
  • the type of alloy composition allows the critical temperature of the element to be set and, to a certain extent, the steepness of the transition.
  • shape memory alloys that work on the one-way principle have proven to be practical.
  • the critical temperature When the critical temperature is reached, the element deforms back into its original shape. This shape is retained and can be used to securely close a contact with a relatively large pressure force at an exact, predetermined temperature. This short circuit contact can be canceled again by mechanical reshaping.
  • the alloy composition enables critical temperatures between approx. -50 ° C and + 150 ° to be achieved and permissible shape changes up to 8%.
  • Corresponding shape memory alloys are researched'hergrat of: Titanium Metals Corporation of America (Toronto, Ohio), Battelle Memorial Institute (Columbus, Ohio) and F ried. Krup p GmbH (Essen), and the company BBC (Baden / Switzerland).
  • shape memory alloys that work according to the two-way principle have also proven to be useful for special applications. These alloys have the property that after cold working when heated to the critical temperature they do not completely return to their original shape. If the temperature drops again, the shape changes again in the sense of a cold deformation when another lower threshold is reached. Such an element can therefore be reset by cooling to a lower threshold temperature after it has closed the short-circuit contact when the upper critical temperature has been reached. Such hystereseartiges' behavior can be useful when an automatic opening of the short circuit is desired by a occurred Abkühung. If you select the lower threshold temperature using appropriate alloy additives so that it is below room temperature, the short circuit can be opened by cooling the element from a shape memory alloy to below room temperature.
  • FIG 1 shows an arrangement in which a surge arrester 1, which is inserted in a matching holder.
  • the surge arrester can consist, for example, of a gas-filled ceramic arrester from a Cerberus UC type series.
  • the holder has two leaf springs 2 and 3, which are mechanically preloaded in such a way that they endeavor to press the two contacts 4 and 5 fastened at their free ends and thus to form a short-circuit contact.
  • a bracket or a disk 7 made of a suitable shape memory alloy is attached between the upper electrode 8 of the surge arrester 1 and the upper leaf spring 2.
  • the alloy is selected so that its critical temperature corresponds to the temperature at which contacts 4 and 5 should short-circuit. If this critical temperature is reached, the bracket 7 bends in a narrow temperature range and the leaf spring 2 relaxes, so that a short circuit occurs between the contacts 4 and 5.
  • the arrangement can be made ready for operation again by taking the bracket 7 out of the holder and bending it so that it pushes the leaf springs 2 and 3 and the contacts 4 and 5 apart again when inserted.
  • the size of the deformation is completely uncritical. If necessary, only the surge arrester 1 has to be replaced as the only wearing part. Damage or contamination of the environment is excluded.
  • the arrangement also has the advantage that the same brackets and surge arresters can be used as in previously known arrangements with solder bump. In contrast to the latter, however, the arrangement with shape memory alloy is completely independent of the position and also has considerably better contact reliability and less susceptibility to corrosion over longer periods of time.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of an overvoltage arrester 11 between two slightly prestressed leaf springs 12 and 13, which in turn have short-circuit contacts 14 and 15 at their free front end.
  • the electrodes 18 and 19 of the surge arrester 11 are both in direct contact with the leaf springs 12 and 13.
  • the front end 17 of the one leaf spring 12 is now made of a suitable shape memory alloy, for example of a nickel / titanium alloy with a small amount of other alloy additives, which are selected so that the desired critical temperature at which a short circuit is to occur, for example 70 0 C is reached.
  • this front end 17 is now shaped such that it is bent such that the two contacts 14 and 15 are closed even when the surge arrester 11 is inserted. After inserting the surge arrester, the front end 17 is bent back so far that the contacts 14 and 15 are open and the arrangement is in the monitored state. If the temperature in the holder now rises above the critical temperature of the shape memory alloy of the front end 17, this end returns to its original shape and the contacts 14 and 15 close and form a short circuit.
  • the end 17 can be bent back again and the short circuit can thus be eliminated.
  • the usual shape memory alloys can be repeated several hundred times without impairing their function. It is advantageous that in this example the number of contacts is kept to a minimum and that the operational readiness can be restored in the simplest possible way.
  • FIG. 3 shows an overvoltage arrester 21, on the electrodes 22 and 23 of which sheet-shaped parts 24 and 25 made of a shape memory alloy are placed.
  • the front ends 26 and 27 of these two parts 24 and 25 are bent in the direction of the center of the surge arrester 21 in such a way that they overlap a little.
  • the sheet-shaped parts 24 and 25 are made of a shape memory alloy with a two-way effect or with a hysteresis effect.
  • the deformation is selected so that the front ends touch at the upper or critical temperature, i.e. short-circuit the electrodes, while they are apart from each other at the lower threshold temperature, ie they do not make contact with one another.
  • the direction of movement of the two elements is expediently opposite.
  • the lower threshold temperature of the shape memory alloy is selected so that it is above normal room temperature or the operating temperature. This is particularly expedient if the surge arrester remains ignited after ignition, caused by a voltage surge, the operating voltage of the gas discharge being below the normal operating voltage of the system. Due to the gradual increase in temperature, the element made of a shape memory alloy switches after a certain time, the arrester extinguishes and, after cooling below the lower threshold temperature, the original monitoring state is reached immediately without intervention by the operating personnel. Such an arrangement is therefore largely unattended.
  • FIG. 4 shows a similar surge arrester 31 with two electrodes 32 and 33, on which on the one hand an element 34 made of a shape memory alloy, the front side 36 of which is also bent back towards the center, and on the other side a fixed, also bent back contact 35 is placed.
  • the element 34 is now formed in such a way that when its critical temperature is exceeded, the front end 36 with the bent end of the fixed contact piece 35 forms a short circuit.
  • the element 34 is formed from a shape memory alloy, which works on the one-way principle, the reset can take place after response at elevated temperature by simply pressing on the free end 36.
  • the element 34 can also be formed from a shape memory alloy that works according to the two-way principle, wherein the lower threshold temperature can be below room temperature.
  • Such an element can be reset after the response, for example, by spraying in a rapidly evaporating spray.
  • the element 34 or its front end 36 is cooled to such an extent by the evaporative cooling that the short circuit is opened. A resetting can therefore take place without mechanical action.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 can be used in normal, commercially available sockets, the advantages of such sockets in terms of contact security and long-term stability being retained, but nevertheless ensuring reliable overvoltage protection which is reversible and free of wear.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
EP80105594A 1979-10-03 1980-09-18 Agencement de protection contre les surtensions Ceased EP0026861A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH890979 1979-10-03
CH8909/79 1979-10-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026861A1 true EP0026861A1 (fr) 1981-04-15

Family

ID=4346150

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80105594A Ceased EP0026861A1 (fr) 1979-10-03 1980-09-18 Agencement de protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0026861A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5658738A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2139435A (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Surge protector
FR2560458A1 (fr) * 1984-02-23 1985-08-30 Mars Alcatel Module de protection de ligne notamment pour bloc de raccordement telephonique
WO1987006399A1 (fr) * 1986-04-09 1987-10-22 Schaltbau Gesellschaft Mbh Dispositif pour proteger un coupe-circuit de surtension contre une surchage thermique
EP0515024A2 (fr) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-25 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Dispositif avec circuit de communication à bypass
EP2762827A3 (fr) * 2013-01-30 2014-09-24 JENOPTIK Industrial Metrology Germany GmbH Dispositif de support de corps de palpeur
CN114402882A (zh) * 2022-02-09 2022-04-29 辽宁省农业科学院 一种用于君子兰培育用恒温保鲜结构及其保鲜方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6276488U (fr) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-16
JPS62259372A (ja) * 1986-05-02 1987-11-11 株式会社　昭電 避雷器
JPS62259371A (ja) * 1986-05-02 1987-11-11 株式会社　昭電 避雷器
JPH0775453B2 (ja) * 1991-03-22 1995-08-09 三菱マテリアル株式会社 通信回線用サージ吸収器

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2225828A1 (fr) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Texas Instruments Inc
US3896343A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-07-22 M O Valve Co Ltd Heat-operated short-circuiting arrangements
US3959691A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-05-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motor protector
DE2738078A1 (de) * 1976-08-31 1978-03-09 Tii Corp Fehlersichere ueberspannungsschutzvorrichtung
EP0013280A1 (fr) * 1978-12-27 1980-07-23 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Thermo-rupteur opérant sélectivement, procédé pour son déclenchement et utilisation comme coupe-circuit electrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896343A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-07-22 M O Valve Co Ltd Heat-operated short-circuiting arrangements
FR2225828A1 (fr) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Texas Instruments Inc
US3959691A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-05-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motor protector
DE2738078A1 (de) * 1976-08-31 1978-03-09 Tii Corp Fehlersichere ueberspannungsschutzvorrichtung
EP0013280A1 (fr) * 1978-12-27 1980-07-23 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Thermo-rupteur opérant sélectivement, procédé pour son déclenchement et utilisation comme coupe-circuit electrique

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2139435A (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Surge protector
FR2545644A1 (fr) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Protecteur antisurtension
US4538201A (en) * 1983-05-02 1985-08-27 International Standard Electric Corporation Surge protector
AU570453B2 (en) * 1983-05-02 1988-03-17 Alcatel N.V. Surge protector
FR2560458A1 (fr) * 1984-02-23 1985-08-30 Mars Alcatel Module de protection de ligne notamment pour bloc de raccordement telephonique
WO1987006399A1 (fr) * 1986-04-09 1987-10-22 Schaltbau Gesellschaft Mbh Dispositif pour proteger un coupe-circuit de surtension contre une surchage thermique
EP0515024A2 (fr) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-25 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Dispositif avec circuit de communication à bypass
EP0515024B1 (fr) * 1991-05-23 1995-09-06 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Dispositif avec circuit de communication à bypass
EP2762827A3 (fr) * 2013-01-30 2014-09-24 JENOPTIK Industrial Metrology Germany GmbH Dispositif de support de corps de palpeur
CN114402882A (zh) * 2022-02-09 2022-04-29 辽宁省农业科学院 一种用于君子兰培育用恒温保鲜结构及其保鲜方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5658738A (en) 1981-05-21

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Inventor name: BOSSHARD, WALTER

Inventor name: BOSSHARD, WALTER ALEX

Inventor name: ZOLLINGER, JOERG

Inventor name: VOLLE, BERND