EP2151026A1 - Dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension - Google Patents

Dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension

Info

Publication number
EP2151026A1
EP2151026A1 EP08749655A EP08749655A EP2151026A1 EP 2151026 A1 EP2151026 A1 EP 2151026A1 EP 08749655 A EP08749655 A EP 08749655A EP 08749655 A EP08749655 A EP 08749655A EP 2151026 A1 EP2151026 A1 EP 2151026A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
contact
fixing device
circuiting
circuiting device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08749655A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2151026B1 (fr
Inventor
Arnd Ehrhardt
Stefanie Schreiter
Raimund König
Wilhelm Hohenwaldt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2151026A1 publication Critical patent/EP2151026A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2151026B1 publication Critical patent/EP2151026B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a short-circuiting device for Studentsnapssabieiter as varistors, spark gaps or the like means comprising a movable conductive or conductive sections having short-circuiter, which is held under mechanical bias standing by a fixing device, wherein the fixing device when heated, the short-circuiter is free, so that the Surge arrester connection contacts bridged or connected, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • surge arresters can also be short-circuited in the event of overload. Both disconnection and short-circuiting serve to protect the surge arrester from overloading. For low voltage applications, the separation is dominant.
  • the advantage of this known protection method is that in the most common cases of overload, the separating device separates the varistor from the mains, wherein the mains supply remains.
  • the switching capacity of the separating device can be exceeded.
  • the resulting arc between the switching tongue and the fixed terminal of a varistor can not be deleted.
  • the resulting long-lasting energy input into the surge arrester This can lead to burnup of the connection parts and ultimately to the destruction of the arrester, but also to consequential damage in the system to be protected.
  • the realization of a short circuit of the arrester is advantageous because the upstream overcurrent protection devices have a much higher switching capacity.
  • a thermal separation device which via a running changeover contact a short circuit in a Parallel path can realize.
  • this separation device the separation of the varistor via a Lotstelle in the supply path. The heat dissipation and thus the delay time are very high.
  • a thermally sensitive separation point of a conventional separation device as shown in FIG. 1, which represents the state of the art in the most general way, can in principle also be used for a short-circuiter.
  • the soldering point here connects two metal parts, which have a high heat conduction and a high heat capacity, since these metal parts forcibly have to control all current loads in the work area of the arrester.
  • the solder joint itself must meet the requirements of the pulse current carrying capacity.
  • the solder joint is permanently exposed to the mechanical stress of the spring bias acting on the moving part of the feeder. An optimization to the actual function, namely the separation of the varistor during its heating is not possible according to the prior art.
  • Thermal separation devices of the known type have a considerable inertia, which is based in particular on the thermal conductivity of the materials used, the necessary connection cross-sections and the resulting large heat capacity.
  • the short-circuiting device should also be suitable for combination with known separation devices.
  • surge arresters e.g. B. Varistors
  • the material structure, the geometry and the contacting of the pads and the power distribution areas of different heating have.
  • the point or region of greatest heating for the positioning of the thermally sensitive part i. H. the fixing device to select.
  • the thermally sensitive part should also have the lowest possible heat capacity and have a low heat dissipation.
  • a movable contact piece of the supply line to the surge arrester is subjected to a spring preload. The connection of this movable contact piece with the Kochnapssabieiter via a contact point. It is favorable for the execution of such a contact point if the direction of the current forces occurring during surge current load does not act against the contact force.
  • only one further current-carrying contact with corresponding counterpotential is to be provided.
  • This contact is arranged so that between the various potentials a sufficient separation distance is present and that the moving portion, which is moved up to the further contact, has a sufficient continuous current carrying capacity.
  • a thermally sensitive part is attached as a fixing device.
  • This fixing device should have a low heat capacity.
  • Waxes, adhesives, solders or suitable materials having a melting point or a softening temperature just above the usual operating temperature of the surge arrester are suitable for connection to the surge arrester. These materials then hold either directly or in conjunction with spacers the actual moving part of the short-circuiting device.
  • the temperature-sensitive fixing device can not be attached directly to the varistor. In this case, however, it must be ensured that the heat conduction between the point with the strongest expected heating and the fixing device is sufficient, with a per se to be minimized heat capacity.
  • the short-circuiting bar moves toward the additional contact, with the result of the desired rapid short-circuiting of the relevant surge arrester.
  • the short circuit can also be realized on two separate opposite pole contacts by moving a corresponding contact piece towards these contacts.
  • the short-circuiting device according to the invention d. H. the fixing device, to be arranged in a region of an additional housing of the surge arrester, this area in the case of a resulting arc collects or bundles temperature and / or gas effects of the arc. That is, the resulting hot gas, which is present in the event of damage, is passed directly to the fixing device and to the thermally sensitive area provided there.
  • the surge arrester is completely enclosed except for the area of contact of the temperature-sensitive material.
  • the hot gas or plasma can be guided to a chimney-like channel, in which a wire or a thread of the fixing device is located.
  • a wire or a thread of the fixing device As temperature sensitive in this case the contact point of the triggering device with the varistor and in the case of a thread of insulating material, the material of the thread is considered, which can melt in the case of the arc or prolong it.
  • the pressure development for the short circuit can additionally be used. Too much affects the pressure, z. B. in the form of a piston system, directly to the short-circuit contact.
  • the mechanical strength of the holding system (contact point, strength of the wire) is overloaded even at low pressures.
  • the short-circuiting device of the invention is connected via a thermal separation point with the actual element to be monitored, d. H. a varistor or a spark gap, and connected when exceeding a certain amount of heat z. B. triggered or triggered by changing the viscosity of an adhesive.
  • a short-circuit path is closed in a parallel path to the element concerned, without the actual Liehe overvoltage protection element is disconnected. Since the parallel path is in each case lower impedance than the defective arrester, an almost complete commutation of the current takes place via the bypass thus created, as a result of which the power conversion in the defective arrester element can be reduced to a negligibly lower value. It is essential that the current commutation already takes place before z. B. a varistor is alloyed due to its degree of destruction. This requires a fast switching device, which according to the invention is characterized by a loss-free heat transfer from the surge arrester to the thermal separation point and from there to the actual short-circuiting switch.
  • the thermal separation point is thermally decoupled from the actual switching device, wherein the short-circuiting device is floating in the normal state.
  • the short-circuiting device consists of a device in which a wire applied directly to a varistor is biased by a spring force.
  • the wire has a preferably circular contact plate which, on the one hand, tensions the spring in the untripped state with its underside and, on the other hand, establishes a short-circuit connection between two contact clips in the tripped state.
  • These contact bars are in turn connected to the respective connection potentials of the varistor and thus to the outer terminals, so that the contact plate triggers the connection of the bypass and thus the intended current commutation.
  • the contact plate preferably consists of a mechanically and thermally highly resilient insulation material, for. B. of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin.
  • a circular metallic coating At the outer edge area there is a circular metallic coating. This metallic coating or a solution dissolved thereon In the tripped condition, the metallic short-circuit ring produces the intended short-circuit connection between the aforementioned contact clips.
  • the wire can also be replaced by a plastic thread, which melts in place of the Lotstelle under heat through the varistor and thus releases the bias of the contact plate on the spring force.
  • the contact plate has the aforementioned circular, annular or ring-shaped contact, which is separated by an insulating distance on the contact plate of the optionally potential-carrying wire and thus both thermally and electrically isolated from this, the contact plate in the untripped state leads no potential , As a result, the creepage distances and creepage distances can be reduced to potential-carrying parts, which reduces the switching path and extremely shortens the arc duration of the switching arc.
  • the ring contact bridges the two differently potentialed contact clips, so that there is a very good heat dissipation via the contact clips or the adjoining clamping connections. This means that the device can also carry very high short-circuit currents permanently.
  • the invention is not limited only to the application in connection with varistors. Due to the fact that due to the function in the untripped state, in contrast to a disconnecting device, there is no load on the surge current to be dissipated via the overvoltage protection element and no corresponding design is necessary. B. also lightning current-carrying spark gaps are provided with a fixing device according to the invention by z. B. whose jacket tube serves as a heat indicator, with a metallic wire or a plastic thread on a Lotstelle or other separation point is connected. This can be prevented even with spark gaps in case of overload thermal destruction of the local insulation distances.
  • a short-circuiting device comprises a movable conductive or conductive sections having short-circuiter, which is held under mechanical bias standing by a fixing device, the fixing when heating the short-circuiter releases so that it bridges the Gönapsab- conductor connection contacts or connects.
  • the fixing device is arranged at a location with determined strongest warming in case of overload directly on or on the surge arrester and has a minimized heat capacity. Neither the short-circuiter nor the fixing device are parts of the current-carrying elements in normal operation, d. H. in the case of operation potential-free.
  • the fixing device is in a first embodiment held with a solder or a heat-soluble adhesive blocking element.
  • the fixing device is a wire or thread held with a solder or heat-soluble adhesive.
  • the fixing device is a variable-length, temperature-variable, melting or dissolving wire or thread.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram and a schematic diagram of a thermal separation device of the prior art, which is a series circuit of the separation device 2 with a varistor 1.
  • 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams of a first embodiment of the invention with a movable tongue as an element of the short-circuiting device;
  • FIG. 3 representations of an embodiment with a movable
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which a varistor is provided with a conventional disconnecting device analogous to the prior art and wherein additionally a short-circuit device is analogous to the solution according to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which a Matternapssabieiter is provided in the form of a varistor with an additional housing and wherein the fixing device is located in an area in which accumulate or bundle in the event of a resulting arc temperature and / or gas effects of the arc;
  • FIG. 6 shows a concrete example of a short-circuiting device with a fixing device biased by a helical spring, together with contact straps and contact plate in the untripped state;
  • Fig. 7 is a view similar to that of Fig. 6, but in the tripped condition
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view of the ring contact and the anchorage for the wire of the fixing device according to the illustrations of FIGS. 6 and 7 and
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment similar to the principle of FIG. 6 and 7 but adapted for use with a surge arrester in the form of an encapsulated spark gap.
  • a surge arrester in the form of an encapsulated spark gap.
  • prior art thermal separation devices are previously known from FIG.
  • the actual separation device 2 is connected in series with the varistor 1, which forms the surge arrester.
  • a separating strip 3 in the form of a movable switching tongue is under the force of a symbolically indicated spring F.
  • a connection 6 of the varistor 1 is connected via a soldering point 5 to one end of the separating strip 3, wherein the separating strip 3 is in contact with the second varistor connection 7.
  • a constriction 4 in the course of the separation strip 3 is present, which acts as a current fuse.
  • this device of the prior art can be developed according to the invention.
  • a thermally sensitive part or material 11 is attached on the area of the most intense heating varistor 1.
  • the part 11 can be fixed to it either by a wax, by glue or solders whose melting point is slightly above the operating temperature of the varistor. But it may also be the part 11 itself consist of such a material.
  • the part or the material 11 hold directly or in conjunction with spacers, z. B. in the form of a clamping pocket 10, the movable part 3 of the short-circuiting device.
  • the connection with the varistor connection 6 and the movable part 3 (separating strip according to FIG. 1) is produced loosely and without soldering at the point indicated by the reference numeral 8.
  • FIG. 2b shows a perspective view of the solution as in FIG. 2a shown in principle, with a clamping pocket 10 for the movable part 3 and a fixing device in the form of a retaining pin 11.
  • the additional permanent current carrying contact 18 has been omitted in the illustration.
  • a movable contact piece 15 is provided, which can bridge two separate opposite pole contact pieces 16.
  • the separate contact pieces 16 are each connected to one terminal of the varistor 1 (terminals 6 and 7).
  • the movable contact piece 15 is held by means of a spring 14 under bias.
  • the bias state is fixed by providing a wire 13 with a low heat capacity, which can be fixed by means of a temperature-sensitive material 12 such as solder or wax at a position of the varistor, which is subject to the strongest heat in case of overload.
  • the wire or thread 13 is released and the movable contact piece 15 can move on the opposite-pole contact pieces 16 so that the desired short circuit and current commutation to the short-circuit bypass (FIG. right picture).
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 can, as shown in FIG. 4, also be provided in addition to a thermal separation device known per se, as explained with reference to FIG. H. be combined.
  • FIG. 4 is a prior art separation device of the prior art incorporating the invention Short-circuiter combined and thus increases the functional range of the arrangement.
  • the separating device responds after a few seconds or a longer time and the arrester is disconnected from the mains as usual.
  • the varistor is bridged by the short-circuiting device and separated by the upstream overcurrent protection device.
  • This can be z. B. be realized in that the melting temperature of the solder of the separation device is below the reaction temperature of the temperature-sensitive material of the short-circuiting device.
  • an implementation can also be made via a corresponding vote of the heat capacities.
  • FIG. 5 In the case of very steep and high overvoltages or surge currents, in which the varistor 1 can be overloaded within a few microseconds, no heating takes place before the destruction of the varistor 1 as a rule. In these cases, a solution according to FIG. 5 is proposed.
  • the varistor 1 is surrounded by a jacket 17.
  • a erosion-resistant contact plate 20 of the varistor 1 leads to a first varistor terminal 7, which communicates with one of the opposite-pole contact pieces 16.
  • the second varistor terminal 6 leads to the second of the opposite-pole contact pieces 16.
  • the hot gas or plasma follows the arrow-symbolized way along a chimney 21.
  • the temperature-sensitive material 12 can be heated and a triggering movement of the movable contact piece 15 done in this case.
  • the movable contact piece 15 can also be formed as a lid, wherein a bellows 14 may be provided which closes the space below the lid 15 almost tight.
  • the lid is then virtually inverted with lateral overhangs over the chimney 21 and it is created a piston which responds to the pressure effect of the arc. Due to the pressure, the mechanical strength of the wire or thread 13 or the connection point is exceeded even without an elevated temperature and the short-circuiter is triggered purely mechanically. This is particularly advantageous for a very rapid potential destruction of the varistor, since a detour over the heating is no longer needed.
  • the wire 13 does not have to be formed as an electrode. However, it is of advantage that the wire has a potential if necessary, so as to represent a lucrative way for the arc, so that the wire can be burned by the action of arcing and thus releases the actual short-circuiter.
  • the wire is not necessarily to be regarded as a power supply to the varistor and is also not in the main current path.
  • the illustrated embodiments are characterized in that the function-bearing parts of the thermal tripping function are separated from the current-carrying connection parts both physically and functionally and thus can be optimized in their respective function.
  • connection points 800 "and 900" are fixed on the connections 800 and 900 on a support plate 500 by means of screw connections.
  • the fixing device is in the embodiments of FIG. 6 to 9 of a wire 300th
  • One end of the wire 300 is fixed with a solder or a heat-soluble adhesive 400 on the varistor 100 and the corresponding contact surface, respectively.
  • the other end of the wire 300 is held to a contact plate 600 via an anchor 101.
  • the compression spring 200 is cocked, d. H. it acts a bias on the contact plate 600 with thereon Ringcard 700th
  • the contact plate 600 consists in the example shown of a mechanically and thermally highly resilient insulating material, preferably glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin and has at its outer edge region an annular metallic coating, d. H. the ring contact 700.
  • This metallic coating or the metallic short-circuit ring soldered thereto represents the intended short-circuit connection to the contact bars 900 'and 800 "in the tripped state.
  • the distance between the ring contact 700 and the opposing short-circuit bars 900' and 800 ' is indicated as the switching path S.
  • the wire 300 can also be replaced by a plastic thread, which melts in place of the soldering point under the action of heat by the varistor 100 and thus releases the biasing force of the contact plate 600.
  • the embodiment of the contact plate 600 with the ring contact 700 and the wire 300 fixed in the center via the anchorage 101 creates, as shown in FIG. 8, a sufficiently large insulation distance Is in both electrical and thermal respects.
  • the ring contact 700 bridges the two differently potentialed contact clips or shorting bars 800 'and 900'. This results in a very good heat dissipation over the contact clip and the adjoining clamp connections, so that the inventive solution is able to permanently lead very high short-circuit currents.
  • Another advantage of the presented short-circuiting device is that it is not limited to the application in connection with varistors. Due to the fact that the device in the untripped state, in contrast to a separating device, is not loaded with the surge current to be dissipated via the overvoltage protection element and, consequently, does not have to be designed for this, it is possible, for example.
  • B. also lightning current carrying spark gaps 120 (Fig. 9) are provided with the elements of the invention by z. B. on the spark gap 120, a copper sleeve is applied and the corresponding solder joint 400 is created. So here it serves the jacket tube of the spark gap as a heat indicator.
  • the contact plate 600 receives not only the ring contact 700, but an additional optical signaling device 110, z. B. in the form of a signal button. If the short-circuiting device is active, the signal button also moves upward in the illustration shown in FIG. 9 and thus enters the region of a viewing window 130. This is an optical visualization of the given short circuit.
  • the viewing window 130 may form the upper end of an installation housing 140 (series connection housing).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension, tels que varistors, éclateurs ou analogues, comprenant un système de mise en court-circuit conducteur mobile ou présentant des sections conductrices, lequel est maintenu sous précontrainte mécanique par un dispositif de fixation, le dispositif de fixation libérant, lors d'un échauffement, le système de mise en court-circuit, de sorte que celui-ci shunte ou connecte les contacts de connexion du coupe-circuit de surtension. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de fixation est disposé en un point déterminé pour avoir le plus fort échauffement en cas de surcharge, immédiatement au coupe-circuit de surtension ou sur celui-ci, et est configuré de manière à disposer d'une capacité thermique minimisée, de façon que ni le dispositif de mise en court-circuit, ni le dispositif de fixation ne constituent des parties d'éléments du coupe-circuit de surtension qui soient parcourues par un courant dans les conditions d'exploitation normales.
EP08749655A 2007-05-29 2008-04-23 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension Not-in-force EP2151026B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007024935 2007-05-29
DE102007042989A DE102007042989A1 (de) 2007-05-29 2007-09-10 Kurzschließeinrichtung für Überspannungsableiter
PCT/EP2008/054875 WO2008145460A1 (fr) 2007-05-29 2008-04-23 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2151026A1 true EP2151026A1 (fr) 2010-02-10
EP2151026B1 EP2151026B1 (fr) 2012-08-08

Family

ID=39917489

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08749655A Not-in-force EP2151026B1 (fr) 2007-05-29 2008-04-23 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2151026B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007042989A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008145460A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009004317A1 (de) 2008-08-22 2010-02-25 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Schnelle Abtrennvorrichtung
DE202009014000U1 (de) * 2009-10-15 2011-02-24 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement
CN103620704B (zh) * 2011-06-27 2016-08-17 Abb技术有限公司 电压浪涌保护装置和高电压断路器

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DE2634479A1 (de) 1976-07-31 1978-02-02 Schiederwerk Schieder Kg K Varistor mit schutzvorrichtung gegen thermische ueberlastung
US4068281A (en) 1976-09-15 1978-01-10 General Electric Company Thermally responsive metal oxide varistor transient suppression circuit
DE3318588A1 (de) 1983-05-21 1984-11-22 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Varistorsicherungselement
DE3734214A1 (de) 1987-10-09 1989-04-20 Dehn & Soehne Anordnung zur abschaltung eines varistors
DE3805890C2 (de) 1987-10-24 1995-11-23 Bettermann Obo Ohg Vorrichtung zur Funktionsüberwachung von Überspannungsableitern
DE4241311C2 (de) 1992-12-08 1995-06-08 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Temperaturschalter mit einem Bausteingehäuse
DE19519785C1 (de) * 1995-05-30 1996-08-29 Quante Ag Steckbarer Überspannungsschutz
DE19545505C1 (de) * 1995-12-06 1997-05-28 Dehn & Soehne Überspannungsableiter
FR2756673B1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 2003-05-30 Soule Materiel Electr Dispositif de protection pour lignes telephoniques
AT405350B (de) 1997-02-12 1999-07-26 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester Schutzschaltungsanordnung für überspannungsableiter
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US6304166B1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2001-10-16 Harris Ireland Development Company, Ltd. Low profile mount for metal oxide varistor package and method
DE20119897U1 (de) * 2001-12-07 2002-02-21 Centra Science Corp., Taichung Varistor mit Überhitzungsschutzfunktion

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007042989A1 (de) 2008-12-04
WO2008145460A1 (fr) 2008-12-04
EP2151026B1 (fr) 2012-08-08

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