EP2070169B1 - Parafoudre avec au moins un element de derivation, en particulier une varistance, et avec un dispositif sectionneur - Google Patents

Parafoudre avec au moins un element de derivation, en particulier une varistance, et avec un dispositif sectionneur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2070169B1
EP2070169B1 EP08838567A EP08838567A EP2070169B1 EP 2070169 B1 EP2070169 B1 EP 2070169B1 EP 08838567 A EP08838567 A EP 08838567A EP 08838567 A EP08838567 A EP 08838567A EP 2070169 B1 EP2070169 B1 EP 2070169B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor section
overvoltage arrester
stop device
arrester according
varistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08838567A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2070169A1 (fr
Inventor
Arnd Ehrhardt
Stefanie Schreiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102008049472A external-priority patent/DE102008049472A1/de
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2070169A1 publication Critical patent/EP2070169A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2070169B1 publication Critical patent/EP2070169B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one diverting element, in particular a varistor, as well as a separating device for disconnecting and / or shorting the diverting element (s), the diverting device comprising a melting point, in particular soldering point, which enters the electrical connection path inside the diverter Ableiters is involved, wherein on the melting a movable conductor portion with the respective Ableitelement on the one hand and the conductor portion on the other hand connected to a first outer terminal, and a biasing force generating means, in particular a spring, wherein the force vector acts directly or indirectly on the conductor portion in the separation direction , further comprising a conductive element whose first end is in communication with a second external electrical connection and whose second end is brought into contact with the conductor section, according to the preamble of the patent claims chs 1, and out DE-A-3318 588 known.
  • Surge arresters based on varistors generally have an internal disconnecting device in the low-voltage range. This separation device
  • the DE 42 41 311 C2 and the DE 38 05 889 C2 show such typical separation devices with bottleneck and solder joint.
  • the thermal separation function is often realized here by a solder connection between the varistor and a movable, spring-loaded connector.
  • the varistor can be separated from the network by an external or internal switch.
  • disconnecting devices with short-circuit function wherein in the separated or triggered switching state of the separator of the current path through the defective diverter is in short circuit such that the current commutates from the diverter to a switched bypass, are known.
  • the low-resistance short circuit path thus connected may be e.g. be used to actuate an existing switching element, which is set to the short-circuit current of the relevant network, or to produce a defined continuous short circuit, which is defined in certain applications as a so-called fail-safe state.
  • the switching element is a changeover contact.
  • the changeover contact closes the varistor circuit in a known manner via a soldering point. If the switching element is triggered, another contact is closed, which can be connected as either an internal or external defect indicator or just via a corresponding external connection as a short circuit.
  • a fuse in the event that fails after a failure of a first varistor switched redundant second varistor is, according to DE 41 24 321 C2 It is to separate the redundant varistor either by opening a switch in the cross-current path or by opening the switch in the longitudinal current path of the voltage. This will be simultaneous the system to be protected is disconnected from the mains and protected against harmful overvoltages. Alternatively, it should also be possible to bridge the cross-current path by shorting an additional switch, so that ultimately the protected system is short-circuited. The opening of this necessary switch can be done synchronously via a common operation. If disconnection and / or short-circuiting of the system to be protected is not desired, the function of the aforementioned switch can be canceled by manually inserting a bypass or removing such a means. Basically, however, the arrangement of additional switches for the short circuit in either the longitudinal or transverse current path is required, which limits the effort in the already limited space of an in-housing surge arrester.
  • a further developed surge arrester with at least one diverting element, in particular a varistor, and with a separating device, on the one hand, a thermally realizable separation of the at least one diverting element can be made, but also the possibility of further energetic , in particular thermal load to cause the short circuit case.
  • the surge arrester should hereby have a simple and inexpensive construction and still ensure high security for different applications.
  • the separation device should disconnect the surge arrester automatically and as needed in the event of a fault, or bring about a desired short circuit, without the need for prior activation measures, such as a manual intervention or the like.
  • the essence of the invention is that in the path of movement of the movable conductor portion between the melting point, in particular a solder joint, and a counter-contact conductive element forming a thermally triggered stopper is located, which realizes a staggered operation in terms of separation and shorting of the respective diverter.
  • the geometric distance from the fixed outer terminal of the varistor is sufficient for the usual separation. If there is an error case in which the separating device can not safely interrupt the current and an arc between the fixed terminal of the varistor and the movable switching tongue, ie the conductor portion arises or remains, which corresponds to an additional heat input, the stopping effect is lifted and the movable Ladder section can move to the final position.
  • This end position consists of the conductive element, ie of a potential-negative mating contact, whereby the varistor and the disconnecting device are short-circuited.
  • the surge arrester can thus be protected against mechanical destruction or fire, even with heavy overload and a possible excessive demand of its separating device. In such cases of failure, the response of an overcurrent protection device and even the loss of the mains supply to a potentially severe damage to electrical equipment is acceptable.
  • the stop means may be thermally conductively connected to the respective discharge element and made of a temperature-sensitive material, such as solder, wax or plastic.
  • stop device on or on the conductor section and / or the conductive element, in this case made of an insulating material.
  • the stopping means may, in one embodiment of the invention, be in the form of a bolt, a cone, a truncated cone, a sphere or a pyramid or the like of a similar geometrical shape.
  • the stop means may be located on the conductive element in one embodiment of the invention, wherein the conductor portion has a stop or a guide opening.
  • the guide opening may here have a diameter which is smaller than the average diameter of the cone, truncated cone or the diagonal of the pyramid.
  • the stopping means may also consist of a film or foil layer, e.g. is located on the conductor portion and / or the conductive element and melts under thermal load and thus produces a conductive connection.
  • the film can be under mechanical prestress, so that in the case of thermal stress, a fast and safe removal of the film is possible.
  • the conductor section has a thermally sensitive constriction or a predetermined separation point.
  • the conductor section melts at this bottleneck or predetermined breaking point and, even bypassing the stop device, can immediately and thus quickly establish a connection between conductor section and conductive element, i. produce the desired short circuit.
  • the stop device itself can consist of a thermally sensitive material or be fastened to the respective discharge device by means of such a material.
  • the stopping means and / or the fixing material for this device has a higher heat capacity or a higher melting point than the melting point for the thermal separating device designed according to the known state of the art.
  • a varistor 1 is connected in series with a separator 2.
  • the separating device 2 consists of a movable connecting piece or a movable conductor section 3.
  • the movable conductor section 3 comprises a constriction 4 and a fusible link 5 toward a terminal contact 6.
  • the reference numeral 7 denotes a varistor connection.
  • a force vector F acts on the movable conductor section 3. If the temperature of the varistor 1 in the region of its terminal 6 reaches the temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the solder at the soldering point 5, then the conductor section 3 moves away from the terminal 6 and interrupts the current flow through the varistor 1, which is the dashed position of the switch to Fig. 1 , left part, corresponds.
  • the Fig. 2 shows an example of a first embodiment of the teaching according to the invention with a stop device 9, which is located in the path of movement between the conductor section 3 and a conductive element 10.
  • the conductive element 10 is electrically connected to the mating contact 7.1 of the varistor 1.
  • the stopper 9 may consist in one embodiment of a blocking pin which is fixed with a temperature-sensitive material on the surface of the varistor 1.
  • the image sequence from left to right according to Fig. 2 to 6 shows, on the one hand, the position in the normal state of the surge arrester, the position with the disconnector (ATV) open and, finally, the position in the event of a short circuit.
  • the varistor 1 If the varistor 1 is thermally overloaded, first the melting or soldering point 5 opens and there is a movement of the movable conductor section 3 up to the stop-stop with the stop device 9 using the force F.
  • the stop device on the one hand itself may consist of a temperature-sensitive material, for example, designed as a film made of low-melting plastic or designed as a conical stopper of a low-melting plastic or wax.
  • a temperature-sensitive material for example, designed as a film made of low-melting plastic or designed as a conical stopper of a low-melting plastic or wax.
  • any element with low heat capacity which has been attached by a temperature-sensitive material, can be used.
  • conductive element 10 contact piece
  • the separating device behaves in a known manner.
  • the solder connection is opened by melting between the movable conductor section and the fixed varistor connection, as a result of the heating of the varistor 1.
  • the conductor section 3 moves as far as the stop device 9 as a result of the spring force F, producing a safe separation point.
  • the separating device is now not overloaded in terms of their switching capacity.
  • the realization of a short circuit or the further movement of the switching tongue is not necessary. In this case, a pure fail-open behavior of the varistor is sufficient.
  • the switching capacity of the separating device is not sufficient to safely extinguish a resulting arc, further measures are necessary.
  • the behavior of the varistor automatically changes from a fail-open to a fail-short behavior.
  • the range of movement of the conductor section can be extended and on the other hand the force effect on the stop device according to the invention or an insulating intermediate layer or foil can be increased.
  • the additional power system may alternatively used to move the conductor portion also for movement of the stopper or the film (not shown). Again, only the ongoing current flow with corresponding heating is used.
  • the stopper is directly thermally connected by means of a temperature-sensitive material such as solder or wax with the varistor 1, a vote between the thermal behavior of the separating device and the stopper 9 is necessary.
  • the staggering can now be carried out so that the thermally sensitive material of the separation device (melting point 5) has a lower heat capacity and / or a lower melting temperature than that of the stop device 9.
  • the separating device first opens. In a further increase to a temperature which is greater than the first temperature, then melts the temperature-sensitive material, which fixes the stopper 9. The stopper then loses its mechanical connection to the varistor and clears the way for further execution of the movement of the conductor portion.
  • the energy required for melting the connection between the stop device 9 and the varistor 1 can arise on the one hand by a further heating of the varistor, but also by the arc which has arisen due to the opening between the varistor connection 6 and the movable conductor section 3.
  • the separating device due to the spring force F can get to the opposite pole contact piece 10 (conductive element) and contact this.
  • the resulting short-circuit causes the arc to be extinguished and the upstream overcurrent protection device can safely switch off the fault current.
  • the staggered behavior of the separating device can be realized not only via a stop device, but also via a insulating film 11, which is located directly on the conductive element 10.
  • the severing device or the conductor section 3 is then moved to the opposite pole contact piece, ie the conductive element 10.
  • the film 11 thereon ensures sufficient insulation. Upon further energy input, the film melts and releases the conductive element 10, so that the desired short circuit can occur. This energy input can either continue to be supplied through the varistor or through an arc.
  • the removal of the insulating film can also be accomplished by means such as e.g. melting waxes, bimetals or the like, which assist in pulling away or pushing away the film, are accelerated. Also, the film itself can be biased by means of a spring force.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which a lower energy input is sufficient to release the movement of the conductor portion 3.
  • an insulating cone 12 is located on the conductive element 10.
  • the conductor section 3 first strikes the tip of the insulating cone 12 If a safe separation point could not be produced and a further energy input takes place, the insulation cone 12 or a temperature-sensitive surface coating arranged on it melts. This reduces the diameter of the insulating cone 12 and the residual volume of the insulating cone 12 can pass through the aforementioned opening, whereby in the end a short circuit between the conductor section 3 and the conductive element 10 can be produced again.
  • the conductive element 10 can also be designed such that the remaining part of the conductor section 3 that has not yet been burned off forms a short-circuit directly.
  • the conductor section 3 can be provided with further functional aids, which allow an analogous function.
  • the conductor section 3 here has a current-sensitive or thermally sensitive constriction 4, which allows for a further heating due to the current flow, the arc and so on a defined separation of the conductor section 3 in order to realize the short circuit with the remaining portion.
  • the separating device or the conductor section 3, but also the stop device can have a bimetallic function, which on the one hand allows the cancellation of the stop function and on the other hand supports the movement of the conductor section. Also, another force can be abruptly applied to the ladder section to overcome the effect of the stopper. This can e.g. take place via a prestressed spring whose power is released only in further heating of the varistor or heating in certain areas of the arrester or the feeders.
  • the functional stop function is determined by reaching the end position of the spring 13.
  • the conductor section 3 is further deflected due to the bimetallic properties to the potential-charged mating contact (conductive element 10) and thus forms the short circuit.
  • the short-circuit path can also have an activation independent of the disconnecting arm and additionally use heat generated in the region of the separating device.
  • attachment of a retaining wire to the stop device 9 would be possible.
  • the turn-off characteristic of the separating device varies depending on the error intensity.
  • an opening function takes place up to a first position. Only with a further input of energy then the movable conductor section is transferred to a second position, whereby a short circuit of the arrester can be realized.
  • the additional energy input can be introduced by further heating of the varistor directly and / or by a resulting arc.
  • the conductor section 3 can immediately go into short-circuit with the conductive element 12, for which purpose a bottleneck or predetermined separation point is provided in or on the conductor section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif anti-surtension comprenant au moins un élément évacuateur, en particulier un varistor, ainsi qu'un dispositif de coupure, afin de séparer les éléments évacuateur vis-à-vis du réseau et/ou de les mettre en court-circuit, dans lequel le dispositif de coupure comprend un emplacement fusible, en particulier un emplacement de brasure, qui est intégré dans le trajet de raccordement électrique à l'intérieur de l'élément évacuateur, et via l'emplacement fusible un tronçon en conducteur mobile est relié à l'élément évacuateur respectif d'une part et le tronçon conducteur est relié d'autre part à un premier raccordement extérieur, ainsi qu'un moyen qui produit une force de précontrainte, en particulier un ressort, dans lequel le vecteur de la force agit directement ou indirectement sur le tronçon conducteur dans la direction de coupure, et comprenant encore un élément conducteur (10), dont la première extrémité est connectée à un second raccordement extérieur électrique (7.1) et dont la seconde extrémité peut être amenée en contact avec le tronçon conducteur (3),
    caractérisé en ce que, dans le trajet de déplacement du tronçon conducteur (3) entre l'emplacement fusible (5) et l'élément conducteur (10) est situé un système qui réalise un mode de fonctionnement étagé pour ce qui concerne la coupure et la mise en court-circuit de l'élément évacuateur respectif (1).
  2. Dispositif anti-surtension selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que le système est réalisé sous la forme d'un système d'arrêt (9) à déclenchement thermique, et relié en conduction thermique avec l'élément évacuateur respectif (1).
  3. Dispositif anti-surtension selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) est en un matériau sensible à la température, comme une brasure, une cire ou une matière plastique.
  4. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) est agencé contre ou sur le tronçon conducteur (3) et/ou contre ou sur l'élément conducteur (10), et est en un matériau isolant.
  5. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) à la forme d'un goujon, d'un cône, d'un tronc de cône, d'une sphère ou d'une pyramide.
  6. Dispositif anti-surtension selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) se trouve sur l'élément conducteur (10), et le tronçon conducteur (3) possède une butée ou une ouverture de guidage.
  7. Dispositif anti-surtension selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de guidage possède un diamètre qui est inférieur au diamètre moyen du cône, du tronc de cône, ou à la diagonale de la pyramide, et lors de la fusion, due à des causes thermiques, du système d'arrêt (9) ou d'un revêtement de surface qui s'y trouve, ce dispositif est reçu par l'ouverture de guidage, de sorte que le tronçon conducteur (3) vient en contact avec l'élément conducteur (10).
  8. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) est formé par une feuille ou une couche en feuille (11).
  9. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le tronçon conducteur (3) comprend un emplacement rétréci thermiquement sensible et/ou un emplacement de séparation de consigne sensible à un courant (4).
  10. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que le tronçon conducteur (3) est un bilame.
  11. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) est lui-même en un matériau thermiquement sensible, ou bien est fixé à l'élément évacuateur respectif (1) au moyen d'un tel matériau.
  12. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 2 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) et/ou le matériau de fixation pour ce système présente une capacité calorifique et/ou une température de fusion plus élevée que l'emplacement fusible (5).
  13. Dispositif anti-surtension selon l'une des revendications 2 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que le système d'arrêt (9) est soumis, lors de son déclenchement, à l'action d'une force supplémentaire pour son déplacement commandé ou accéléré.
  14. Dispositif anti-surtension selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisé en ce que l'action d'une force supplémentaire est produite par au moins un ressort précontraint.
EP08838567A 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Parafoudre avec au moins un element de derivation, en particulier une varistance, et avec un dispositif sectionneur Not-in-force EP2070169B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007049567 2007-10-16
DE102008049472A DE102008049472A1 (de) 2007-10-16 2008-09-29 Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einem Ableitelement, insbesondere einem Varistor, sowie mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung
PCT/EP2008/063764 WO2009050151A1 (fr) 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Parafoudre avec au moins un élément de dérivation, en particulier une varistance, et avec un dispositif sectionneur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2070169A1 EP2070169A1 (fr) 2009-06-17
EP2070169B1 true EP2070169B1 (fr) 2009-12-09

Family

ID=40149684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08838567A Not-in-force EP2070169B1 (fr) 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Parafoudre avec au moins un element de derivation, en particulier une varistance, et avec un dispositif sectionneur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2070169B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009050151A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3228471C2 (de) * 1982-07-30 1985-03-07 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 8500 Nürnberg Überspannungsschutzgerät
DE3318588A1 (de) * 1983-05-21 1984-11-22 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Varistorsicherungselement

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Publication number Publication date
EP2070169A1 (fr) 2009-06-17
WO2009050151A1 (fr) 2009-04-23

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