EP0026450B1 - Installation et procédé de traitement pyrolytique de déchets combustibles - Google Patents

Installation et procédé de traitement pyrolytique de déchets combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026450B1
EP0026450B1 EP80105749A EP80105749A EP0026450B1 EP 0026450 B1 EP0026450 B1 EP 0026450B1 EP 80105749 A EP80105749 A EP 80105749A EP 80105749 A EP80105749 A EP 80105749A EP 0026450 B1 EP0026450 B1 EP 0026450B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbonization
reactor
waste
smoldering
trough
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80105749A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0026450A2 (fr
EP0026450A3 (en
Inventor
Hermann Kaiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Kaiser KG
Original Assignee
Franz Kaiser KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Kaiser KG filed Critical Franz Kaiser KG
Priority to AT80105749T priority Critical patent/ATE7041T1/de
Publication of EP0026450A2 publication Critical patent/EP0026450A2/fr
Publication of EP0026450A3 publication Critical patent/EP0026450A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0026450B1 publication Critical patent/EP0026450B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of waste materials according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method and a device for producing combustible gases from waste materials is known, in which the waste materials are carbonized in a rotating smoldering drum with the supply of heat.
  • the longitudinal axis of the carbonization drum runs approximately horizontally and the movement of the carbonization material is achieved by continuously rotating the carbonization drum.
  • the casing of the smoldering drum is double-walled and is fed with hot gases.
  • the carbonization gas that is formed is drawn off via a carbonization line and fed to a cracking facility.
  • the hot gases used for the carbonization are either the fuel gas generated in the cracking plant or the hot exhaust gases of a gas engine operated with the fuel gases.
  • the known arrangement has the disadvantage that a relatively high power drive is required to rotate the drum.
  • a support frame for the smoldering drum equipped with appropriately stable bearings must be provided. Difficulties also arise with the supply of the hot gases or the removal of the carbonization gases via fixed lines from the continuously rotating drum. The drum must also be stopped for loading and emptying.
  • FR-A-2134 494 captures a directly heated, upright charring reactor which has a conical interior with a circular cross section that tapers downwards. Because of the direct heating, there is no problem in supplying as much heat as possible over a maximum wall area.
  • US-A3362887 discloses an apparatus for the thermal treatment of waste materials, in which two carbonization chambers are provided, namely a vertically standing cylindrical container with a very large diameter, at the lower end of which a frustoconical taper is attached, which leads to a narrow outlet, which is normally by means of of a slide is completely closed.
  • the outlet leads to a further cylinder which runs horizontally with its longitudinal axis, a conveyor screw being arranged under the named outlet which, when the first container is emptied, conveys the partially smoldered waste materials in a horizontal direction into a second smoldering chamber.
  • This means that the treatment is carried out in batches by first filling the vertical container with waste materials and heating it for a certain time by means of jacket heating. The entire contents of the first container are then conveyed via the screw conveyor into the second charring chamber, where the charring is continued with jacket heating.
  • the smoldering residues are removed via a removal device.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for the thermal treatment of waste materials, in which the waste materials are heated as evenly as possible and thus carbonized.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the carbonization reactor consists of a downwardly tapering, rectangular shaft, which is directly followed by a horizontally arranged, fixed smoldering trough, which is equipped with a mixing and conveying device, the shaft and smoldering trough forming a unit and are double-walled for indirect heating.
  • the charring waste materials Due to the shaft-like, tapering formation of the charring reactor, the charring waste materials gradually slide into the smoldering trough, with good thermal contact, with decreasing volume, where they are charred further with loosening and finally reach the removal device.
  • the carbonization reactor of the plant consists of a rectangular, vertical shaft, the width of which tapers from top to bottom to an outlet gap, and a smoldering trough adjoining it.
  • the shaft and smoldering trough form a single unit, are double-walled and are indirectly heated.
  • a lock is installed on the carbonization reactor for the airtight introduction of material.
  • the supply of smoldering material from the shaft into the smoldering trough can be metered, for example via a toothed roller, a vibrator or the like.
  • a mixing device runs in the smoldering trough around a horizontal axis um, which consists of spring steel arms carrying blades attached to the axis.
  • These blades circulate the smoldering material and convey it to the discharge of residues.
  • the residues are discharged from the reactor in the absence of air with a lock or the like, which is followed by a treatment device for recovering useful materials.
  • the gas generated during the charring is extracted from the shaft and the smoldering trough by a blower.
  • the coal obtained from the residues is gasified in a boiler, to which the carbonization gas that is cracked as it flows through the glowing coals is also fed.
  • the approx. 1,200 ° hot product gas passes through a hot gas cyclone and then heats the carbonization reactor and the smoldering trough.
  • the gas leaves the carbonization reactor at a temperature of approximately 300 ° to 400 °. This residual heat is extracted with a heat exchanger and used to dry waste.
  • the drying device 23 consists of a rotating drum which need not be closed in a gas-tight manner.
  • the air supplied at one end of the drum preferably comes from the waste bunker and is heated either by the hot exhaust gases from the gas engine 9 or by the still hot gases leaving the gas converter 33, for which purpose a heat exchanger 24 can be provided.
  • the air supplied via line 26 is sucked out of the drying device 23 via line 25 and reaches the gas engine 9 via a filter 26a.
  • the intake air for the gas motor 9 is used for drying and dehumidifying the waste in the drying device 23.
  • the thus pre-dried waste then reaches the actual carbonization reactor 28, for example, via a conveyor belt 27 or another corresponding charging device, where it is introduced into the actual chamber 2 (see FIG. 2) via a lock 1.
  • the carbonization reactor 28 is a core element of the invention and will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the carbonization reactor 28 is followed by a smoldering trough 29 which serves to completely carbonize the residues coming from the carbonization reactor 28 and to convey them to a removal device 30.
  • the resulting gases are sucked out of the carbonization reactor 28, preferably via the smoldering trough 29 and the line 32, and reach a gas converter 33 of a known type, the function of which has already been explained at the beginning.
  • the gas converter 33 is followed, for example, by a heating gas cyclone 15 known per se and a cleaning and cooling system 16, in which the gas is cleaned from residual traces of dust, tar, phenol, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and cooled.
  • a fan 17 ensures constant negative pressure in the system, so that an explosion risk is avoided.
  • the gases coming into a storage container 18 via the blower 17 can either be discharged or filled for further use, or they are fed to the gas engine 9 via line 34.
  • the gas engine 9 drives an electric generator in a known manner, for example. Its exhaust gases can be used to heat the carbonization reactor 28 by being fed via line 39 and the smoldering trough 29, which is also heated according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gases that heat the carbonization reactor 28 then reach the heat exchanger 24 via line 35, where, as already described, they heat the intake air used for drying the waste for the gas engine 9.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show details of the carbonization reactor 28 according to the invention and the smoldering trough 29 attached thereto in an airtight manner.
  • the carbonization reactor of the special exemplary embodiment according to the figures has a chamber 2 which is wedge-shaped.
  • the walls of the chamber are double d. H. designed as a jacket 3 so that the chamber 2 can be heated by passing hot gases through the jacket 3.
  • the exterior of the chamber is thermally insulated.
  • the gap width of the Auswaiungsrest Ausfaiispaits 4 is dimensioned so that even larger, unwelded residues such as metal pieces or the like can pass. This gap width can therefore depend on the type of waste. Usual values for the gap width are between 10 and 40 cm, preferably between 15 and 30 cm, especially around 20 cm.
  • the gap width also depends on the steepness of the wedge shape of the chamber 2. It can also be changed, for example, by a slide.
  • the wedge gap spreads upwards to the waste insertion opening.
  • the broadening can preferably be between 2 and 10% (ideally 5%) of the respective height of the chamber 2 2, a particularly preferred value being close to 10%.
  • the dimensions given are only examples, the actual dimensions depend, as I said, on the type of waste, in particular the ratio between the unweldened waste and the residual residue, as well as on the roughness and the nature of the inner walls of the chamber 2.
  • the dimensions must be such that a complete continuous carbonization of the refuse supplied and a corresponding removal of the carbonization leftovers is possible.
  • the surfaces of the chamber walls are made as large as possible. This can preferably be done in that the walls are provided with approximately perpendicular ribs 43 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) or bulges and depressions.
  • the corners of the chamber 2 are preferably rounded, so that no garbage can settle.
  • a lock 1 is provided. This has flaps 44 and 45, which are alternately opened and closed. When the flap 45 is open, waste is fed into the lock 1, then this flap is closed. When the flap 44 is opened, the garbage flows into the chamber 2.
  • This type of loading is either time-dependent or preferably under the control of a sensor 46; which can have the shape of a fork and is about spring loaded or has a counterweight. The sensor is located in the upper area of chamber 2 and is in its inactive position as long as there is garbage in its area. If the sensor 46 becomes free; he swings upwards into the position shown in dashed lines, triggering the preferably electropneumatic control of the flaps 44 and 45.
  • the charring reactor 29 according to the invention with its longitudinal axis at a certain angle to the horizontal could be used with advantage over the known arrangements, since its cross-section always adapts to the respective volume of the garbage as the charring progresses, a perpendicular position of the longitudinal axis or a not too large deviation from it chosen.
  • a vibrator or the like can be provided on or in the vicinity of the residual smear gap 4.
  • the smeared trough 29 carries out further processing, in particular complete carbonization of the residual carbonization, and at the same time ensures that it is requested to a removal device.
  • the smoldering trough 29 can also be heated, preferably from the same gases as are used for heating the chamber 2. For this purpose, these gases are fed to the opening 8, run through the double-walled jacket 3 of the chamber 5 of the smoldering trough 29 and the chamber 2 and exit at 10 from the carbonization reactor, from where they pass through the pipe 35 (FIG. 1) to the heat exchanger 24 be directed.
  • the gases are preferably not burned, but the sensible heat is released.
  • the smoldering trough 29 is preferably a mixing trough with a rotating central longitudinal axis 51, on which radially extending, preferably resilient driver arms 52 are provided.
  • a screw conveyor could also be considered, although the mixing trough conveyor is preferable since it ensures more uniform heating and loosening of the substances to be removed and jams are avoided.
  • the gases generated in the carbonization reactor and in the smoldering trough 29 are fed to the gas converter 33 via the connection 19 and line 32 and are treated there accordingly.
  • a removal device 30 which has the shape of a screw conveyor, which is connected airtight to the smoldering trough 29 and which conveys the residues into a container 47, from where they are removed by means of a lock 48.
  • the residues consist on the one hand of metals which are sorted out, on the other hand of combustible substances, in particular coal, which are pressed according to the invention, i. H. is briquetted and can be used to heat the gas converter 33.
  • combustible substances in particular coal
  • i. H. is briquetted and can be used to heat the gas converter 33.
  • other wood-like or wood-like waste can also be used, which is generated as waste or has been sorted out of the waste.
  • the ash produced in the gas converter 33 can be used as a fertilizer.
  • either the exhaust gases of the gas engine or the still hot gases generated from the gas converter 33 can be used to heat the heatable devices.
  • the cooling heat of the gas engine 5 and the cooling and cleaning device 16 can also be used for heating and other purposes.
  • the charring reactor 28 of the arrangement according to the invention has the particular advantage that it leads the garbage from the garbage feed opening to the charring residue failure gap without movement and inevitable conveyance due to the force of gravity and in accordance with its decreasing volume due to the charring. Since no movement is required, the problem of the gas-tight closure is much easier to solve. Since in the overall arrangement an additional predrying is provided in the drying device 23, much less heat energy is required for the actual heating of the chamber 2, so that it can be used for energy generation.
  • the waste can be normal household and industrial waste, including waste tires, waste oil, wood waste and vegetable substances.
  • the gap width of the residual carbon removal opening 4 can be made changeable, for example, by means of slides or flaps will.
  • a preferred embodiment results from FIGS. 5 and 6, in which a controllable metering device is provided for a more precise metering at the transition between the smoldering reactor and the smoldering trough, which meter has the shape of a toothed roller 70 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the flap lock 1 is replaced by a slide lock 71, 72.
  • a slide gate 73, 74 is also arranged at the exit.
  • the speed of the shaft 51 can be adjustable or controllable, preferably in relation to the speed of the metering roller 70 and / or the control device 46 or independently of it.
  • the energy generation via the gas engine 9 can also be omitted and the gas emerging from the hot gas cyclone 15 at a temperature of 1200 ° can be used directly for heating the carbonization reactor and / or the smoldering trough. Subsequently, further heat is removed from the gas in the heat exchanger 24. The gas can then be led to the consumer via a long-distance line. Compared to district heating, this has the advantage that no insulation of the lines is required.
  • the waste materials are chopped into fist-sized pieces, then they go through a drying process and then enter the wedge shaft of the carbonization reactor by means of a lock.
  • This reactor is indirectly heated at a temperature of approx. 500-700 ° in countercurrent to the smoldering material.
  • the smoldering material is heated and partly smeared. Due to the wedge shape of the shaft, this only slides down to the extent that it loses volume when it becomes smoldering.
  • the partially smoldered material is metered into the smoldering trough with the toothed roller lying at the gap.
  • coal and metals are sorted out from the residues for recycling.
  • the coal is gasified in a separate boiler and at the same time the carbonization gas is processed as it flows through the boiler embers. H. cracked.
  • the processed gas leaves the boiler as a product gas with a temperature of approx. 1200 ° C. It passes through the heating gas cyclone 15 for pre-cleaning and is then used to heat the carbonization reactor and / or the smoldering trough.
  • the residual heat of approx. 400 ° C is extracted from the gas in a heat exchanger and used for drying the waste.
  • the gas passes through a scrubber, followed by a water separator, followed by a blower that sucks the gas out of the system under vacuum.
  • the particular advantages of the arrangement are the environmentally friendly disposal of waste, including the recovery of metals, the production of product gas and the direct use of the coal and energy generated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Dispositif pour le traitement thermique de déchets, ce dispositif étant constitué d'un réacteur chauffé de carbonisation à basse température au-dessus duquel est monté un dispositif acheminant les déchets et à la sortie duquel est installé, dans le bas, un dispositif d'évacuation pour les résidus de carbonisation, caractérisé en ce que le réacteur de carbonisation à basse température est constitué d'un conduit rectangulaire (28) allant en se rétrécissant vers le bas et suivi directement d'une cuve de carbonisation à basse température (29) disposée horizontalement et pourvue d'un dispositif de mélange et de transport, le conduit (28) et la cuve de carbonisation à basse température (29) formant une unité, tout en étant réalisés ensemble avec une paroi double (3) pour un chauffage indirect.
2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la largeur du conduit (28) va en se rétrécissant de haut en bas de manière continue et à peu près uniforme jusqu'à une fente de sortie (4).
3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de la fente de sortie (4) est variable.
4. Dispositif suivant la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que, à la fente de sortie (4), on prévoit un vibreur, un cylindre de dosage ou analogues.
5. Dispositif suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, le long de l'axe de la cuve de carbonisation à basse température (29), on installe un arbre (51) comportant un dispositif de mise en circulation sous forme d'aubes (52) fixées au moyen de bras en acier à ressort.
6. Dispositif suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre (51) est réglable ou peut être commandée.
EP80105749A 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Installation et procédé de traitement pyrolytique de déchets combustibles Expired EP0026450B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80105749T ATE7041T1 (de) 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Anordnung und verfahren zur thermischen aufbereitung vorwiegend brennbarer abfallstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2938912A DE2938912C2 (de) 1979-09-26 1979-09-26 Anlage und Verfahren zur Schwelung brennbarer Abfallstoffe
DE2938912 1979-09-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026450A2 EP0026450A2 (fr) 1981-04-08
EP0026450A3 EP0026450A3 (en) 1981-05-20
EP0026450B1 true EP0026450B1 (fr) 1984-04-11

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Family Applications (1)

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EP80105749A Expired EP0026450B1 (fr) 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Installation et procédé de traitement pyrolytique de déchets combustibles

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EP (1) EP0026450B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE7041T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE2938912C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3048320C2 (de) * 1980-12-17 1986-03-06 Herwig 1000 Berlin Michel-Kim Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kombinierten Erzeugung von hochwertigen Pyrolyseölen, Biokohle und Generatorgas aus organischen Rohstoffen
DE3147141A1 (de) * 1981-11-27 1983-09-29 Franz Kaiser KG, 8949 Salgen Verfahren zur gewinnung von pyrolysegas zu brennbaren abfallstoffen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPH06184560A (ja) * 1992-07-10 1994-07-05 Hiroshi Shimizu 有機廃棄物の熱分解装置
DE4413668C2 (de) * 1994-04-20 1997-02-27 Franz Austermann Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von Spänen, Schnitzeln und dergleichen aus verkohlbaren Stoffen
DE19731010C2 (de) * 1997-07-18 2001-05-10 Siemens Ag Thermische Entsorgungsanlage für Abfall mit hohem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt
DE19830765A1 (de) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-13 Krantz Tkt Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung eines in stückiger Form vorliegenden festen Brennstoffs
DE19932822C2 (de) * 1999-07-14 2003-11-20 Johann Hochreiter Vorrichtung zum Entgasen von organischen Substanzen

Family Cites Families (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR532334A (fr) * 1920-03-10 1922-02-01 Procédé de fabrication de gaz au moyen de matières organiques carbonacées ou autres
US3362887A (en) * 1964-05-08 1968-01-09 Elbert A. Rodgers Apparatus for and method of reducing refuse, garbage and the like to usable constituents
DE1671340A1 (de) * 1967-07-17 1971-09-30 Mifuji Iron Works Co Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verkohlung von Abfallstoffen
FR2134494A1 (fr) * 1971-04-26 1972-12-08 Battelle Development Corp
BE786025A (fr) * 1971-07-09 1973-01-08 Union Carbide Corp Procede d'incineration d'ordures
US3970524A (en) * 1972-05-12 1976-07-20 Funk Harald F Treating waste materials to produce usable gases
DE2432504B2 (de) * 1974-07-04 1976-12-16 Kiener, Karl, Dipl.-Ing., 7080 Goldshöfe Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen von brenngasen aus stueckigem haus- und industriemuell u.dgl.
AR205469A1 (es) * 1974-07-04 1976-05-07 Kiener Karl Procedimiento y dispositivo de obtencion de gas combustible
US3984288A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-10-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Method for treatment of rubber and plastic wastes
JPS544722B2 (fr) * 1975-03-13 1979-03-09
US4038152A (en) * 1975-04-11 1977-07-26 Wallace-Atkins Oil Corporation Process and apparatus for the destructive distillation of waste material
DE2520754A1 (de) * 1975-05-09 1976-11-18 Lampl Helma Verfahren und vorrichtung zur pyrolyse von abfallprodukten
DK137404B (da) * 1975-07-09 1978-02-27 Pollution Control K S Anlæg til pyrolytisk nedbrydning af affaldsmaterialer.
DE2613699A1 (de) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-13 Union Carbide Corp Vorrichtung zum beseitigen von abfall durch umsetzen desselben in produktgas und einen inerten festen bestandteil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0026450A2 (fr) 1981-04-08
DE2938912C2 (de) 1982-02-18
DE3067451D1 (en) 1984-05-17
EP0026450A3 (en) 1981-05-20
ATE7041T1 (de) 1984-04-15
DE2938912A1 (de) 1981-04-02

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