EP0026450B1 - Installation and process for the thermal processing of principally combustible wastes - Google Patents

Installation and process for the thermal processing of principally combustible wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026450B1
EP0026450B1 EP80105749A EP80105749A EP0026450B1 EP 0026450 B1 EP0026450 B1 EP 0026450B1 EP 80105749 A EP80105749 A EP 80105749A EP 80105749 A EP80105749 A EP 80105749A EP 0026450 B1 EP0026450 B1 EP 0026450B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbonization
reactor
waste
smoldering
trough
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80105749A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0026450A2 (en
EP0026450A3 (en
Inventor
Hermann Kaiser
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Franz Kaiser KG
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Franz Kaiser KG
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Priority to AT80105749T priority Critical patent/ATE7041T1/en
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Publication of EP0026450A3 publication Critical patent/EP0026450A3/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/18Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00Retorts
    • C10B1/02Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04Vertical retorts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of waste materials according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method and a device for producing combustible gases from waste materials is known, in which the waste materials are carbonized in a rotating smoldering drum with the supply of heat.
  • the longitudinal axis of the carbonization drum runs approximately horizontally and the movement of the carbonization material is achieved by continuously rotating the carbonization drum.
  • the casing of the smoldering drum is double-walled and is fed with hot gases.
  • the carbonization gas that is formed is drawn off via a carbonization line and fed to a cracking facility.
  • the hot gases used for the carbonization are either the fuel gas generated in the cracking plant or the hot exhaust gases of a gas engine operated with the fuel gases.
  • the known arrangement has the disadvantage that a relatively high power drive is required to rotate the drum.
  • a support frame for the smoldering drum equipped with appropriately stable bearings must be provided. Difficulties also arise with the supply of the hot gases or the removal of the carbonization gases via fixed lines from the continuously rotating drum. The drum must also be stopped for loading and emptying.
  • FR-A-2134 494 captures a directly heated, upright charring reactor which has a conical interior with a circular cross section that tapers downwards. Because of the direct heating, there is no problem in supplying as much heat as possible over a maximum wall area.
  • US-A3362887 discloses an apparatus for the thermal treatment of waste materials, in which two carbonization chambers are provided, namely a vertically standing cylindrical container with a very large diameter, at the lower end of which a frustoconical taper is attached, which leads to a narrow outlet, which is normally by means of of a slide is completely closed.
  • the outlet leads to a further cylinder which runs horizontally with its longitudinal axis, a conveyor screw being arranged under the named outlet which, when the first container is emptied, conveys the partially smoldered waste materials in a horizontal direction into a second smoldering chamber.
  • This means that the treatment is carried out in batches by first filling the vertical container with waste materials and heating it for a certain time by means of jacket heating. The entire contents of the first container are then conveyed via the screw conveyor into the second charring chamber, where the charring is continued with jacket heating.
  • the smoldering residues are removed via a removal device.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for the thermal treatment of waste materials, in which the waste materials are heated as evenly as possible and thus carbonized.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the carbonization reactor consists of a downwardly tapering, rectangular shaft, which is directly followed by a horizontally arranged, fixed smoldering trough, which is equipped with a mixing and conveying device, the shaft and smoldering trough forming a unit and are double-walled for indirect heating.
  • the charring waste materials Due to the shaft-like, tapering formation of the charring reactor, the charring waste materials gradually slide into the smoldering trough, with good thermal contact, with decreasing volume, where they are charred further with loosening and finally reach the removal device.
  • the carbonization reactor of the plant consists of a rectangular, vertical shaft, the width of which tapers from top to bottom to an outlet gap, and a smoldering trough adjoining it.
  • the shaft and smoldering trough form a single unit, are double-walled and are indirectly heated.
  • a lock is installed on the carbonization reactor for the airtight introduction of material.
  • the supply of smoldering material from the shaft into the smoldering trough can be metered, for example via a toothed roller, a vibrator or the like.
  • a mixing device runs in the smoldering trough around a horizontal axis um, which consists of spring steel arms carrying blades attached to the axis.
  • These blades circulate the smoldering material and convey it to the discharge of residues.
  • the residues are discharged from the reactor in the absence of air with a lock or the like, which is followed by a treatment device for recovering useful materials.
  • the gas generated during the charring is extracted from the shaft and the smoldering trough by a blower.
  • the coal obtained from the residues is gasified in a boiler, to which the carbonization gas that is cracked as it flows through the glowing coals is also fed.
  • the approx. 1,200 ° hot product gas passes through a hot gas cyclone and then heats the carbonization reactor and the smoldering trough.
  • the gas leaves the carbonization reactor at a temperature of approximately 300 ° to 400 °. This residual heat is extracted with a heat exchanger and used to dry waste.
  • the drying device 23 consists of a rotating drum which need not be closed in a gas-tight manner.
  • the air supplied at one end of the drum preferably comes from the waste bunker and is heated either by the hot exhaust gases from the gas engine 9 or by the still hot gases leaving the gas converter 33, for which purpose a heat exchanger 24 can be provided.
  • the air supplied via line 26 is sucked out of the drying device 23 via line 25 and reaches the gas engine 9 via a filter 26a.
  • the intake air for the gas motor 9 is used for drying and dehumidifying the waste in the drying device 23.
  • the thus pre-dried waste then reaches the actual carbonization reactor 28, for example, via a conveyor belt 27 or another corresponding charging device, where it is introduced into the actual chamber 2 (see FIG. 2) via a lock 1.
  • the carbonization reactor 28 is a core element of the invention and will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the carbonization reactor 28 is followed by a smoldering trough 29 which serves to completely carbonize the residues coming from the carbonization reactor 28 and to convey them to a removal device 30.
  • the resulting gases are sucked out of the carbonization reactor 28, preferably via the smoldering trough 29 and the line 32, and reach a gas converter 33 of a known type, the function of which has already been explained at the beginning.
  • the gas converter 33 is followed, for example, by a heating gas cyclone 15 known per se and a cleaning and cooling system 16, in which the gas is cleaned from residual traces of dust, tar, phenol, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and cooled.
  • a fan 17 ensures constant negative pressure in the system, so that an explosion risk is avoided.
  • the gases coming into a storage container 18 via the blower 17 can either be discharged or filled for further use, or they are fed to the gas engine 9 via line 34.
  • the gas engine 9 drives an electric generator in a known manner, for example. Its exhaust gases can be used to heat the carbonization reactor 28 by being fed via line 39 and the smoldering trough 29, which is also heated according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gases that heat the carbonization reactor 28 then reach the heat exchanger 24 via line 35, where, as already described, they heat the intake air used for drying the waste for the gas engine 9.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show details of the carbonization reactor 28 according to the invention and the smoldering trough 29 attached thereto in an airtight manner.
  • the carbonization reactor of the special exemplary embodiment according to the figures has a chamber 2 which is wedge-shaped.
  • the walls of the chamber are double d. H. designed as a jacket 3 so that the chamber 2 can be heated by passing hot gases through the jacket 3.
  • the exterior of the chamber is thermally insulated.
  • the gap width of the Auswaiungsrest Ausfaiispaits 4 is dimensioned so that even larger, unwelded residues such as metal pieces or the like can pass. This gap width can therefore depend on the type of waste. Usual values for the gap width are between 10 and 40 cm, preferably between 15 and 30 cm, especially around 20 cm.
  • the gap width also depends on the steepness of the wedge shape of the chamber 2. It can also be changed, for example, by a slide.
  • the wedge gap spreads upwards to the waste insertion opening.
  • the broadening can preferably be between 2 and 10% (ideally 5%) of the respective height of the chamber 2 2, a particularly preferred value being close to 10%.
  • the dimensions given are only examples, the actual dimensions depend, as I said, on the type of waste, in particular the ratio between the unweldened waste and the residual residue, as well as on the roughness and the nature of the inner walls of the chamber 2.
  • the dimensions must be such that a complete continuous carbonization of the refuse supplied and a corresponding removal of the carbonization leftovers is possible.
  • the surfaces of the chamber walls are made as large as possible. This can preferably be done in that the walls are provided with approximately perpendicular ribs 43 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) or bulges and depressions.
  • the corners of the chamber 2 are preferably rounded, so that no garbage can settle.
  • a lock 1 is provided. This has flaps 44 and 45, which are alternately opened and closed. When the flap 45 is open, waste is fed into the lock 1, then this flap is closed. When the flap 44 is opened, the garbage flows into the chamber 2.
  • This type of loading is either time-dependent or preferably under the control of a sensor 46; which can have the shape of a fork and is about spring loaded or has a counterweight. The sensor is located in the upper area of chamber 2 and is in its inactive position as long as there is garbage in its area. If the sensor 46 becomes free; he swings upwards into the position shown in dashed lines, triggering the preferably electropneumatic control of the flaps 44 and 45.
  • the charring reactor 29 according to the invention with its longitudinal axis at a certain angle to the horizontal could be used with advantage over the known arrangements, since its cross-section always adapts to the respective volume of the garbage as the charring progresses, a perpendicular position of the longitudinal axis or a not too large deviation from it chosen.
  • a vibrator or the like can be provided on or in the vicinity of the residual smear gap 4.
  • the smeared trough 29 carries out further processing, in particular complete carbonization of the residual carbonization, and at the same time ensures that it is requested to a removal device.
  • the smoldering trough 29 can also be heated, preferably from the same gases as are used for heating the chamber 2. For this purpose, these gases are fed to the opening 8, run through the double-walled jacket 3 of the chamber 5 of the smoldering trough 29 and the chamber 2 and exit at 10 from the carbonization reactor, from where they pass through the pipe 35 (FIG. 1) to the heat exchanger 24 be directed.
  • the gases are preferably not burned, but the sensible heat is released.
  • the smoldering trough 29 is preferably a mixing trough with a rotating central longitudinal axis 51, on which radially extending, preferably resilient driver arms 52 are provided.
  • a screw conveyor could also be considered, although the mixing trough conveyor is preferable since it ensures more uniform heating and loosening of the substances to be removed and jams are avoided.
  • the gases generated in the carbonization reactor and in the smoldering trough 29 are fed to the gas converter 33 via the connection 19 and line 32 and are treated there accordingly.
  • a removal device 30 which has the shape of a screw conveyor, which is connected airtight to the smoldering trough 29 and which conveys the residues into a container 47, from where they are removed by means of a lock 48.
  • the residues consist on the one hand of metals which are sorted out, on the other hand of combustible substances, in particular coal, which are pressed according to the invention, i. H. is briquetted and can be used to heat the gas converter 33.
  • combustible substances in particular coal
  • i. H. is briquetted and can be used to heat the gas converter 33.
  • other wood-like or wood-like waste can also be used, which is generated as waste or has been sorted out of the waste.
  • the ash produced in the gas converter 33 can be used as a fertilizer.
  • either the exhaust gases of the gas engine or the still hot gases generated from the gas converter 33 can be used to heat the heatable devices.
  • the cooling heat of the gas engine 5 and the cooling and cleaning device 16 can also be used for heating and other purposes.
  • the charring reactor 28 of the arrangement according to the invention has the particular advantage that it leads the garbage from the garbage feed opening to the charring residue failure gap without movement and inevitable conveyance due to the force of gravity and in accordance with its decreasing volume due to the charring. Since no movement is required, the problem of the gas-tight closure is much easier to solve. Since in the overall arrangement an additional predrying is provided in the drying device 23, much less heat energy is required for the actual heating of the chamber 2, so that it can be used for energy generation.
  • the waste can be normal household and industrial waste, including waste tires, waste oil, wood waste and vegetable substances.
  • the gap width of the residual carbon removal opening 4 can be made changeable, for example, by means of slides or flaps will.
  • a preferred embodiment results from FIGS. 5 and 6, in which a controllable metering device is provided for a more precise metering at the transition between the smoldering reactor and the smoldering trough, which meter has the shape of a toothed roller 70 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the flap lock 1 is replaced by a slide lock 71, 72.
  • a slide gate 73, 74 is also arranged at the exit.
  • the speed of the shaft 51 can be adjustable or controllable, preferably in relation to the speed of the metering roller 70 and / or the control device 46 or independently of it.
  • the energy generation via the gas engine 9 can also be omitted and the gas emerging from the hot gas cyclone 15 at a temperature of 1200 ° can be used directly for heating the carbonization reactor and / or the smoldering trough. Subsequently, further heat is removed from the gas in the heat exchanger 24. The gas can then be led to the consumer via a long-distance line. Compared to district heating, this has the advantage that no insulation of the lines is required.
  • the waste materials are chopped into fist-sized pieces, then they go through a drying process and then enter the wedge shaft of the carbonization reactor by means of a lock.
  • This reactor is indirectly heated at a temperature of approx. 500-700 ° in countercurrent to the smoldering material.
  • the smoldering material is heated and partly smeared. Due to the wedge shape of the shaft, this only slides down to the extent that it loses volume when it becomes smoldering.
  • the partially smoldered material is metered into the smoldering trough with the toothed roller lying at the gap.
  • coal and metals are sorted out from the residues for recycling.
  • the coal is gasified in a separate boiler and at the same time the carbonization gas is processed as it flows through the boiler embers. H. cracked.
  • the processed gas leaves the boiler as a product gas with a temperature of approx. 1200 ° C. It passes through the heating gas cyclone 15 for pre-cleaning and is then used to heat the carbonization reactor and / or the smoldering trough.
  • the residual heat of approx. 400 ° C is extracted from the gas in a heat exchanger and used for drying the waste.
  • the gas passes through a scrubber, followed by a water separator, followed by a blower that sucks the gas out of the system under vacuum.
  • the particular advantages of the arrangement are the environmentally friendly disposal of waste, including the recovery of metals, the production of product gas and the direct use of the coal and energy generated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

1. Apparatus for thermic treatment of waste comprising a low-temperature carbonization reactor having attached on top a waste supply device and at the bottom a removing device for the carbonization residues provided at the reactor outlet, characterized in that the carbonization reactor consists of a downwardly tapered rectangular duct (28) to which is directly attached a horizontally arranged carbonization cavity (29) being provided with a mixing and feeding device where the duct (28) and the carbonization cavity (29) forming a unit, and being provided with double walls (3) as a whole for indirect heating.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur thermischen Aufbereitung von Abfallstoffen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of waste materials according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der FR-A-2 277137 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen brennbarer Gase aus Abfallstoffen bekannt, bei dem die Abfallstoffe in einer rotierenden Schweltrommel unter Wärmezufuhr verschwelt werden. Die Längsachse der Schweltrommel verläuft annähernd horizontal und die Bewegung des Schwelgutes wird durch kontinuierliches Drehen der Schweltrommel errreicht. Der Mantel der Schweltrommel ist doppelwandig ausgeführt und wird mit Heißgasen beschickt. Ober eine Schwelgasleitung wird das sich bildende Schwelgas abgezogen und einer Krackantage zugeführt. Die zur Verschwelung verwendeten Heißgase sind entweder das in der Krackanlage erzeugte Brenngas oder die heißen Abgase eines mit den Brenngasen betriebenen Gasmotors. Die bekannte Anordnung besitzt den Nachteil, daß zur Drehung der Trommel ein Antrieb mit verhältnismäßig hoher Leistung erforderlich ist. Ferner muß ein mit entsprechend stabilen Lagern ausgestattetes Stützgestell für die Schweltrommel vorgesehen sein. Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich weiterhin bei der Zuführung der Heißgase bzw. der Abnahme der Schwelgase über feststehende Leitungen aus der dauernd rotierenden Trommel. Auch muß die Trommel zur Beschickung und Entleerung stIlIgesetzt werden.From FR-A-2 277137 a method and a device for producing combustible gases from waste materials is known, in which the waste materials are carbonized in a rotating smoldering drum with the supply of heat. The longitudinal axis of the carbonization drum runs approximately horizontally and the movement of the carbonization material is achieved by continuously rotating the carbonization drum. The casing of the smoldering drum is double-walled and is fed with hot gases. The carbonization gas that is formed is drawn off via a carbonization line and fed to a cracking facility. The hot gases used for the carbonization are either the fuel gas generated in the cracking plant or the hot exhaust gases of a gas engine operated with the fuel gases. The known arrangement has the disadvantage that a relatively high power drive is required to rotate the drum. Furthermore, a support frame for the smoldering drum equipped with appropriately stable bearings must be provided. Difficulties also arise with the supply of the hot gases or the removal of the carbonization gases via fixed lines from the continuously rotating drum. The drum must also be stopped for loading and emptying.

Aus der FR-A-2134 494 ist ein direkt beheizter, aufrecht stehender Verschwelungsreaktor bekapnt, der einen sich nach unten verjüngenden kegelförmigen Innenraum mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt aufweist. Aufgrund der direkten Beheizung stellt sich das Problem nicht, über eine maximale Wandfläche dem Schwelgut möglichst viel Wärme zuzuführen.FR-A-2134 494 captures a directly heated, upright charring reactor which has a conical interior with a circular cross section that tapers downwards. Because of the direct heating, there is no problem in supplying as much heat as possible over a maximum wall area.

US-A3362887 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur thermischen Aufbereitung von Abfallstoffen, bei der zwei Verschwelungskammern vorgesehen sind, nämlich ein senkrecht stehender zylinderförmiger Behälter mit sehr großem Durchmesser, an dessen unteren Ende eine kegelstumpfförmige Verjüngung angesetzt ist, die zu einem engen Auslaß führt, der normalerweise mittels eines Schiebers vollkommen geschlossen ist. Der Auslaß führt zu einem mit seiner Längsachse horizontal verlaufenden weiteren Zylinder, wobei unter dem gennanten Auslaß eine Förderschnecke angeordnet ist, die bei Entleerung des ersten Behälters die teilweise verschwelten Abfallstoffe in horizontaler Richtung in eine zweite Verschwelungskammer fördert. Dies bedeutet, daß die Aufbereitung schubweise erfolgt, indem zuerst der senkrecht stehende Behälter mit Abfallstoffen gefüllt und für eine bestimmte Zeit mittels Mantelheizung erhitzt wird. Hiernach wird der gesamte Inhalt des ersten Behälters über die Förderschnecke in die zweite Verschwelungskammer gefördert und dort die Verschwelung unter Mantelbeheizung fortgesetzt. Die Schwelrückstände werden über eine Entnahmevorrichtung abgeführt.US-A3362887 discloses an apparatus for the thermal treatment of waste materials, in which two carbonization chambers are provided, namely a vertically standing cylindrical container with a very large diameter, at the lower end of which a frustoconical taper is attached, which leads to a narrow outlet, which is normally by means of of a slide is completely closed. The outlet leads to a further cylinder which runs horizontally with its longitudinal axis, a conveyor screw being arranged under the named outlet which, when the first container is emptied, conveys the partially smoldered waste materials in a horizontal direction into a second smoldering chamber. This means that the treatment is carried out in batches by first filling the vertical container with waste materials and heating it for a certain time by means of jacket heating. The entire contents of the first container are then conveyed via the screw conveyor into the second charring chamber, where the charring is continued with jacket heating. The smoldering residues are removed via a removal device.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur thermischen Aufbereitung von Abfallstoffen anzugeben, bei der die Abfallstoffe möglichst gleichmäßig erhitzt und damit verschwelt werden.The invention has for its object to provide a device for the thermal treatment of waste materials, in which the waste materials are heated as evenly as possible and thus carbonized.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verschwelungsreaktor aus einem sich nach unten verjüngenden, rechteckigen Schacht besteht, dem sich ein horizontal angeordneter, feststehender Schweltrog direkt anschließt, der mit einer Misch- und Fördervorrichtung ausgestattet ist, wobei Schacht und Schweltrog eine Einheit bilden und insgesamt zur indirekten Beheizung doppelwandig ausgebildet sind.The device according to the invention is characterized in that the carbonization reactor consists of a downwardly tapering, rectangular shaft, which is directly followed by a horizontally arranged, fixed smoldering trough, which is equipped with a mixing and conveying device, the shaft and smoldering trough forming a unit and are double-walled for indirect heating.

Durch die schachtartige, sich nach unten verjüngende Ausbildung des Verschwelungsreaktors rutschen die verschwelenden Abfallstoffe mit abnehmenden Volumen unter gutem Wärmekontakt allmählich in den Schweltrog, wo sie unter Auflockerung weiter verschwelt werden und schließlich zur Entnahmevorrichtung gelangen.Due to the shaft-like, tapering formation of the charring reactor, the charring waste materials gradually slide into the smoldering trough, with good thermal contact, with decreasing volume, where they are charred further with loosening and finally reach the removal device.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit gewissen Modifikationen wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben.An embodiment of the device according to the invention with certain modifications will be described with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Gesamtdarstellung der Anordnung zur thermischen Aufbereitung von Abfallstoffen gemäß der Erfindung ;
  • Figur 2 den Verschwelungsreaktor und den Schweltrog, wie sie bei der Vorrichtung der Fig. 1 verwendet werden ;
  • Figur 3 den Verschwelungsreaktor und den Schweltrog nach Fig. 2 aus einer um 90° versetzten Ansicht ;
  • Figur 4 eine Ansicht auf den Verschwelungsreaktor nach Fig. 2 und 3 von oben ;
  • Figuren 5 und 6 Ansichten eines Verschwelungsreaktors und eines Schweltrogs, bei dem eine Dosierwalze am Austrittspalt des Verschwelungsreaktors angeordnet ist.
Show it
  • Figure 1 is a schematic overall representation of the arrangement for the thermal treatment of waste materials according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 shows the carbonization reactor and the smoldering trough, as used in the device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 the carbonization reactor and the smoldering trough according to FIG. 2 from a view offset by 90 °;
  • Figure 4 is a view of the carbonization reactor of Figures 2 and 3 from above.
  • Figures 5 and 6 views of a carbonization reactor and a smoldering trough, in which a metering roller is arranged at the outlet gap of the carbonization reactor.

Grundsätzlich besteht der Verschwelungsreaktor der Anlage aus einem rechteckigen senkrecht stehenden Schacht, dessen Breite von oben nach unten bis zu einem Austrittsspalt verjüngt ist, und einem sich daran anschließenden Schweltrog. Schacht und Schweltrog bilden eine Einheit, sind doppelwandig ausgeführt und werden indirekt beheizt. Auf dem Verschwelungsreaktor ist zur luftdichten Materialeinbringung eine Schleuse angebracht. Die Zuführung von Schwelgut vom Schacht in den Schweltrog kann dosiert erfolgen, etwa über eine Zahnwalze, einen Rüttler oder dergleichen. Im Schweltrog läuft um eine horizontale Achse eine Mischvorrichtung um, die aus an der Achse befestigten Schaufeln tragenden Federstahlarmen besteht. Diese Schaufeln wälzen das Schwelgut um und befördern es zum Reststoffaustrag weiter. Das Ausbringen der Reststoffe aus dem Reaktor erfolgt unter Luftabschluß mit einer Schleuse oder dergleichen, der eine Aufbereitungsvorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung brauchbarer Materialien nachgeschaltet ist. Das bei der Verschwelung erzeugte Gas wird aus dem Schacht und dem Schweltrog über ein Gebläse abgesaugt. Die aus den Reststoffen gewonnene Kohle wird in einem Kessel vergast, dem zugleich das Schwelgas zugeführt wird, das beim Durchströmen der glühenden Kohlen gekracktwird. Das ca. 1 200° heiße Produktgas durchläuft einen Heißgaszyklon und beheitzt anschließend den Verschwelungsreaktor und den Schweltrog. Das Gas verläßt den Verschwelungsreaktor mit einer Temperatur von ca. 300° bis 400°. Diese Restwärme wird mit einem Wärmeaustauscher entzogen und zur Mülltrocknung verwendet.Basically, the carbonization reactor of the plant consists of a rectangular, vertical shaft, the width of which tapers from top to bottom to an outlet gap, and a smoldering trough adjoining it. The shaft and smoldering trough form a single unit, are double-walled and are indirectly heated. A lock is installed on the carbonization reactor for the airtight introduction of material. The supply of smoldering material from the shaft into the smoldering trough can be metered, for example via a toothed roller, a vibrator or the like. A mixing device runs in the smoldering trough around a horizontal axis um, which consists of spring steel arms carrying blades attached to the axis. These blades circulate the smoldering material and convey it to the discharge of residues. The residues are discharged from the reactor in the absence of air with a lock or the like, which is followed by a treatment device for recovering useful materials. The gas generated during the charring is extracted from the shaft and the smoldering trough by a blower. The coal obtained from the residues is gasified in a boiler, to which the carbonization gas that is cracked as it flows through the glowing coals is also fed. The approx. 1,200 ° hot product gas passes through a hot gas cyclone and then heats the carbonization reactor and the smoldering trough. The gas leaves the carbonization reactor at a temperature of approximately 300 ° to 400 °. This residual heat is extracted with a heat exchanger and used to dry waste.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen an sich bekannten Schredder 21 in dem der Müll in etwa faustgroße Stücke zerkleinert wird, welche etwa über ein Förderband 22 einer Trocknungseinrichtung 23 zugeführt werden. Der Müll wird durch diese Trocknungseinrichtung 23 hindurchgefördert und dabei von erwärmter Luft durchströmt. Beim speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Troknungseinrichtung 23 aus einer sich drehenden Trommel, die nicht gasdicht geschlossen zu sein braucht. Die an einem Ende der Trommel zugeführte Luft stammt vorzugsweise aus den Müllbunker und wird entweder von den heißen Abgasen des Gasmotors 9 oder von den den Gaswandler 33 verlassenden noch heißen Gasen erwärmt, wozu ein Wärmeaustauscher 24 vorgesehen sein kann. Über die Leitung 25 wird die über die Leitung 26 zugeführte Luft aus der Trocknungseinrichtung 23 abgesaugt und gelangt über einen Filter 26a zum Gasmotor 9. Beim speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel wird also die Ansaugluft für den Gasmotor 9 zur Trocknung und Entfeuchtung des Mülls in der Trockeneinrichtung 23 verwendet.1 shows a shredder 21, known per se, in which the waste is crushed into approximately fist-sized pieces, which are fed to a drying device 23, for example, via a conveyor belt 22. The garbage is conveyed through this drying device 23 and heated air flows through it. In the special embodiment, the drying device 23 consists of a rotating drum which need not be closed in a gas-tight manner. The air supplied at one end of the drum preferably comes from the waste bunker and is heated either by the hot exhaust gases from the gas engine 9 or by the still hot gases leaving the gas converter 33, for which purpose a heat exchanger 24 can be provided. The air supplied via line 26 is sucked out of the drying device 23 via line 25 and reaches the gas engine 9 via a filter 26a. In the special exemplary embodiment, the intake air for the gas motor 9 is used for drying and dehumidifying the waste in the drying device 23.

Der somit vorgetrocknete Müll gelangt dann beispielsweise über ein Förderband 27 oder eine andere entsprechende Beschickungsvorrichtung zum eigentlichen Verschwelungsreaktor 28, wo er über eine Schleuse 1 in die eigentliche Kammer 2 (vergl. Fig. 2) hereingeführt wird.The thus pre-dried waste then reaches the actual carbonization reactor 28, for example, via a conveyor belt 27 or another corresponding charging device, where it is introduced into the actual chamber 2 (see FIG. 2) via a lock 1.

Der Verschwelungsreaktor 28 ist ein Kernstück der Erfindung und wird nachstehend noch im einzelnen anhand der Fig. 2 bis 4 erläutert.The carbonization reactor 28 is a core element of the invention and will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Aus Fig. 1 ist ersichtlich, daß sich an den Verschwelungsreaktor 28 ein Schweltrog 29 anschließt, der dazu dient, die aus dem Verschwelungsreaktor 28 kommenden Reste noch vollständig zu verschwelen und zu einer Entnahmevorrichtung 30 abzufördern. Die entstehenden Gase werden aus dem Verschwelungsreaktor 28 vorzugsweise über den Schweltrog 29 und die Leitung 32 abgesaugt und gelangen in einen Gaswandler 33 bekannter Bauart, dessen Funktion bereits eingangs erläutert wurde. An den Gaswandler 33 schließt sich zur Abkühlung und Reinigung beispielsweise ein an sich bekannter Heizgaszyklon 15 und ein Reiniguns- und Kühlsystem 16 an, in denen das Gas von restlichen Spuren von Staub, Teer, Phenol, Schwefel und Stickstoffverbindungen gereinigt und abgekühlt wird. Ein Gebläse 17 sorgt für ständigen Unterdruck in der Anlage, so daß eine Explosionsgefahr vermieden wird. Die über das Gebläse 17 in einen Vorratsbehälter 18 gelangenden Gase können entweder zur Weiterverwendung abgeleitet oder abgefüllt werden, oder aber sie werden über Leitung 34 dem Gasmotor 9 zugeführt. Der Gasmotor 9 treibt beispielsweise in bekannter Weise einen elektrischen Generator an. Seine Abgase können zur Beheizung des Verschwelungsreaktors 28 verwendet werden, indem sie über Leitung 39 und den ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß beheizten Schweltrog 29 zugeführt werden. Die den Verschwelungsreaktor 28 beheizenden Abgase gelangen dann über die Leitung 35 zum Wärmeaustauscher 24, wo sie, wie bereits beschrieben, die zur Trocknung des Mülls verwendete Ansaugluft für den Gasmotor 9 erwärmen.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the carbonization reactor 28 is followed by a smoldering trough 29 which serves to completely carbonize the residues coming from the carbonization reactor 28 and to convey them to a removal device 30. The resulting gases are sucked out of the carbonization reactor 28, preferably via the smoldering trough 29 and the line 32, and reach a gas converter 33 of a known type, the function of which has already been explained at the beginning. For cooling and cleaning, the gas converter 33 is followed, for example, by a heating gas cyclone 15 known per se and a cleaning and cooling system 16, in which the gas is cleaned from residual traces of dust, tar, phenol, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and cooled. A fan 17 ensures constant negative pressure in the system, so that an explosion risk is avoided. The gases coming into a storage container 18 via the blower 17 can either be discharged or filled for further use, or they are fed to the gas engine 9 via line 34. The gas engine 9 drives an electric generator in a known manner, for example. Its exhaust gases can be used to heat the carbonization reactor 28 by being fed via line 39 and the smoldering trough 29, which is also heated according to the invention. The exhaust gases that heat the carbonization reactor 28 then reach the heat exchanger 24 via line 35, where, as already described, they heat the intake air used for drying the waste for the gas engine 9.

Es wird nun auf Fig. 2 bis 4 Bezug genommen, die Einzelheiten des erfindungsgemäßen Verschwelungsreaktors 28 und des daran luftdicht angefügten Schweltrog 29 zeigen. Der Verschwelungsreaktor des speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß den Figuren besitzt eine Kammer 2, die keilförmig ausgebildet ist. Die Wände der Kammer sind doppelt d. h. als Mantel 3 ausgeführt, so daß eine Beheizung der Kammer 2 mittels Hindurchleiten von heißen Gasen durch den Mantel 3 erfolgen kann. Das Äußere der Kammer ist wärmeisoliert. Die Spaltbreite des Verschwetungsrest-Ausfaiispaits 4 wird so bemessen, daß auch größere, unverschwelte Reste etwa Metallstücke oder dergleichen passieren können. Diese Spaltbreite kann somit von der Art des Mülls abhängen. Übliche Werte für die Spaltbreite Liegen zwischen 10 und 40 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 30 cm speziell bei etwa 20 cm. Die Spaltbreite ist auch abhängig von der Steilheit der Keilform der Kammer 2. Sie kann ferner etwa durch einen Schieber veränderbar sein.Reference is now made to FIGS. 2 to 4, which show details of the carbonization reactor 28 according to the invention and the smoldering trough 29 attached thereto in an airtight manner. The carbonization reactor of the special exemplary embodiment according to the figures has a chamber 2 which is wedge-shaped. The walls of the chamber are double d. H. designed as a jacket 3 so that the chamber 2 can be heated by passing hot gases through the jacket 3. The exterior of the chamber is thermally insulated. The gap width of the Auswaiungsrest Ausfaiispaits 4 is dimensioned so that even larger, unwelded residues such as metal pieces or the like can pass. This gap width can therefore depend on the type of waste. Usual values for the gap width are between 10 and 40 cm, preferably between 15 and 30 cm, especially around 20 cm. The gap width also depends on the steepness of the wedge shape of the chamber 2. It can also be changed, for example, by a slide.

Aufgrund der Keilform verbreitet sich der Keilspalt nach oben zur Mülleinführöffnung. Die Verbreiterung kann vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 10 % (ideal 5 %) der jeweiligen Höhe derKammer2 2 betragen, wobei ein besonders bevorzugter Wert in der Nähe von 10% liegt. Die angegebenen Maße sind nur Beispiele, die tatsächlichen Maße hängen wie gesagt von der Art des Mülls, insbesondere dem Verhältnis zwischen dem unverschwelten Müll und dem Verschwelungsrest, sowie von der Rauheit und der Beschaffenheit der Innenwände der Kammer 2ab.Due to the wedge shape, the wedge gap spreads upwards to the waste insertion opening. The broadening can preferably be between 2 and 10% (ideally 5%) of the respective height of the chamber 2 2, a particularly preferred value being close to 10%. The dimensions given are only examples, the actual dimensions depend, as I said, on the type of waste, in particular the ratio between the unweldened waste and the residual residue, as well as on the roughness and the nature of the inner walls of the chamber 2.

Auf jeden Fall sind die Abmessungen derart zu treffen, daß eine vollständige kontinuierliche Verschwelung des zugeführten Mülls und eine dazu entsprechende abförderung der Verschwelungsreste möglich ist.In any case, the dimensions must be such that a complete continuous carbonization of the refuse supplied and a corresponding removal of the carbonization leftovers is possible.

Zur Verbesserung der Beheizung besteht die Möglichkeit entweder eine beheizbare Mittelwand einzuziehen, so daß sich eine Art Zwillingsanlage ergibt, oder aber vorzugsweise parallel zur Längsachse verlaufende Heizröhrenvorzusehen. Um eine optimale Beheizung der Kammer 2 zu erzielen, werden die Oberflächen der Kammerwände möglichst groß gestaltet. Dies kann vorzugsweise dadurch geschehen, daß die Wände mit annähernd senkrecht verlaufenden Rippen 43 (vergl. Fig. 3 und 4) oder Wölbungen und Vertiefungen versehen sind.To improve the heating, there is the possibility either to move in a heatable central wall so that a type of twin system results, or to preferably provide heating tubes running parallel to the longitudinal axis. In order to achieve optimal heating of the chamber 2, the surfaces of the chamber walls are made as large as possible. This can preferably be done in that the walls are provided with approximately perpendicular ribs 43 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) or bulges and depressions.

Die Ecken der Kammer 2 sind vorzugsweise abgerundet, so daß sich kein Müll festsetzen kann.The corners of the chamber 2 are preferably rounded, so that no garbage can settle.

Um die Zuführung des Mülls unter bestmöglicher Beibehaltung des Luftabschlusses der Kammer zu erzielen, ist eine Schleuse 1 vorgesehen. Diese besitzt Klappen 44 und 45, die abwechselnd auf- und zugesteuert werden. Bei geöffneter klappe 45 wird Müll der Schleuse 1 zugeführt, dann diese Klappe geschlossen. Bei Öffnung der Klappe 44 flält der Müll in die Kammer 2. Diese Art der Beschickung erfolgt entweder zeitabhängig oder aber bevorzugt unter Steuerung eines Fühlers 46; der die Form einer Gabel haben kann und etwa unter Federbelastung steht oder ein Gegengewicht besitzt. Der Fühler ist im oberen Bereich der Kammer 2 angebracht und befindet sich in seiner unwirksamen Lage solange noch Müll sich in seinem Bereich befindet. Wird der Fühler 46 frei; so schwenkt er nach oben in die gestrichelt gezeigte Stellung, wobei er die vorzugsweise elektropneumatische Steuerung der Klappe 44 und 45 auslöst.In order to achieve the supply of the garbage while maintaining the air seal of the chamber in the best possible way, a lock 1 is provided. This has flaps 44 and 45, which are alternately opened and closed. When the flap 45 is open, waste is fed into the lock 1, then this flap is closed. When the flap 44 is opened, the garbage flows into the chamber 2. This type of loading is either time-dependent or preferably under the control of a sensor 46; which can have the shape of a fork and is about spring loaded or has a counterweight. The sensor is located in the upper area of chamber 2 and is in its inactive position as long as there is garbage in its area. If the sensor 46 becomes free; he swings upwards into the position shown in dashed lines, triggering the preferably electropneumatic control of the flaps 44 and 45.

Obwohl der erfindungsgemäße Verschwelungsreaktor 29 mit seiner Längsachse unter einem gewissen Winkel zur Horizontalen mit Vorteil gegenüber den bekannten Anordnungen verwendet werden könnte, da sich sein Querschnitt immer dem jeweiligen Volumen des Mülls bei fortschreitender Verschwelung anpaßt, wird gemäß der Erfindung eine lotrechte Position der Längsachse bzw. eine nicht zu große Abweichung davon gewählt.Although the charring reactor 29 according to the invention with its longitudinal axis at a certain angle to the horizontal could be used with advantage over the known arrangements, since its cross-section always adapts to the respective volume of the garbage as the charring progresses, a perpendicular position of the longitudinal axis or a not too large deviation from it chosen.

Um bei etwaigen Stockungen die Möglichkeit des Eingriffs zu haben, kann an oder in der Nähe des Verschwelungsrest-Ausfallspalts 4 ein Rüttler oder dergleichen vorgesehen sein.In order to be able to intervene in the event of any stagnation, a vibrator or the like can be provided on or in the vicinity of the residual smear gap 4.

Der luftdicht angesetzte Schweltrog 29 führt eine weitere Verarbeitung, insbesondere vollkommene Verschwelung der Verschwelungsreste durch und sorgt gleichzeitig für deren Abforderung zu einer Entnahmevorrichtung. Auch der Schweltrog 29 ist beheizbar, vorzugsweise von den gleichen Gasen wie sie für die Beheizung der Kammer 2 verwendet werden. Zu diesem Zwecke werden diese Gase der Öffnung 8 zugeführt, laufen durch den doppelwandigen Mantel 3 der Kammer 5 des Schweltrogs 29 und der Kammer 2 und treten bei 10 aus dem Verschwelungsreaktor aus, von wo sie über das Rohr 35 (Fig. 1) zum Wärmeaustauscher 24 geleitet werden. Es erfolgt vorzugsweise kein Verbrennen der Gase sondern eine Abgabe der fühlbaren Wärme derselben. Der Schweltrog 29 ist vorzugsweise ein Mischtrog mit einer sich drehenden zentralen Längsachse 51, an der radial sich von der Achse weg erstreckende, vorzugsweise nachgiebige Mitnehmerarme 52 vorgesehen sind. Alternativ dazu könnte auch eine Schneckenabförderung in Frage kommen, wobei jedoch die Mischtrogabförderung vorzuziehen ist, da sie für eine gleichmäßigere Beheizung und Auflockerung der abzuführenden Stoffe sorgt und Verklemmungen vermieden werden. Die im Verschwelungsreaktor und in dem Schweltrog 29 erzeugten Gase werden über den Anschluß 19 und Leitung 32 dem Gaswandler 33 zugeführt und dort entsprechend behandelt. Die nun vollkommen verschwelten Reste gelangen in eine Entnahmevorrichtung 30, den die Form einer Förderschnecke besitzt, welche luftdicht an die Schweltrog 29 angeschlossen ist und die die Reste in einen Behälter 47 fördert, von wo sie etwa mittels einer Schleuse 48 abgenommen werden.The smeared trough 29 carries out further processing, in particular complete carbonization of the residual carbonization, and at the same time ensures that it is requested to a removal device. The smoldering trough 29 can also be heated, preferably from the same gases as are used for heating the chamber 2. For this purpose, these gases are fed to the opening 8, run through the double-walled jacket 3 of the chamber 5 of the smoldering trough 29 and the chamber 2 and exit at 10 from the carbonization reactor, from where they pass through the pipe 35 (FIG. 1) to the heat exchanger 24 be directed. The gases are preferably not burned, but the sensible heat is released. The smoldering trough 29 is preferably a mixing trough with a rotating central longitudinal axis 51, on which radially extending, preferably resilient driver arms 52 are provided. As an alternative, a screw conveyor could also be considered, although the mixing trough conveyor is preferable since it ensures more uniform heating and loosening of the substances to be removed and jams are avoided. The gases generated in the carbonization reactor and in the smoldering trough 29 are fed to the gas converter 33 via the connection 19 and line 32 and are treated there accordingly. The now completely smeared residues go into a removal device 30, which has the shape of a screw conveyor, which is connected airtight to the smoldering trough 29 and which conveys the residues into a container 47, from where they are removed by means of a lock 48.

Die Reste bestehen einerseits aus Metallen, welche aussortiert werden, andererseits aus brennbaren Substanzen, insbesondere Kohle, welche gemäß der Erfindung gepreßt, d. h. brikettiert wird und zur Beheizung des Gaswandlers 33 dienen kann. Gegenüber den bekannten Verfahren ergibt sich hier eine weitere Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades der Gesamtanlage. Für die Beheizung des Gaswandlers 33 können auch andere holz- oder holzartige Abfälle verwendet werden, die als Müll anfallen, bzw. aus dem Müll aussortiert wurden. Die im Gaswandler 33 anfallende Asche kann als Düngemittel verwendet werden.The residues consist on the one hand of metals which are sorted out, on the other hand of combustible substances, in particular coal, which are pressed according to the invention, i. H. is briquetted and can be used to heat the gas converter 33. Compared to the known methods, there is a further increase in the efficiency of the overall system. For the heating of the gas converter 33, other wood-like or wood-like waste can also be used, which is generated as waste or has been sorted out of the waste. The ash produced in the gas converter 33 can be used as a fertilizer.

Wie bereits erwähnt, können zur Beheizung der beheizbaren Vorrichtungen entweder die Abgase des Gasmotors oder aber die erzeugten noch heißen Gase aus dem Gaswandler 33 verwendet werden. Ebenfalls ist die Kühlwärme des Gasmotors 5 sowie des Kühl- und Reinigungsgerätes 16 für Heizung und andere Zwecke verwendbar.As already mentioned, either the exhaust gases of the gas engine or the still hot gases generated from the gas converter 33 can be used to heat the heatable devices. The cooling heat of the gas engine 5 and the cooling and cleaning device 16 can also be used for heating and other purposes.

Der Verschwelungsreaktor 28 der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß er ohne Bewegung und zwangsläufige Förderung den Müll aufgrund der Schwerkraft und im Einklang mit seinem auf Grund der Verschwelung abnehmenden Volumen von der Müllzuführöffnung zum Verschwelungsrest-Ausfallspalt führt. Da keine Bewegung erforderlich ist, ist auch das Problem des gasdichten Verschlusses wesentlich einfacher zu lösen. Da bei der Gesamtanordnung eine zusätzliche Vortrocknung in der Trockeneinrichtung 23 vorgesehen ist, benötigt man für das eigentliche Beheizen der Kammer 2 wesentlich weniger Wärmeenergie, so daß diese zur Energiegewinnung verwendet werden kann.The charring reactor 28 of the arrangement according to the invention has the particular advantage that it leads the garbage from the garbage feed opening to the charring residue failure gap without movement and inevitable conveyance due to the force of gravity and in accordance with its decreasing volume due to the charring. Since no movement is required, the problem of the gas-tight closure is much easier to solve. Since in the overall arrangement an additional predrying is provided in the drying device 23, much less heat energy is required for the actual heating of the chamber 2, so that it can be used for energy generation.

Der Müll kann ein üblicher Haus- und Industriemüll sein, etwa auch Altreifen, Altöl, Holzabfälle und pflanzliche Substanzen enthalten.The waste can be normal household and industrial waste, including waste tires, waste oil, wood waste and vegetable substances.

Die Spaltbreite der Verschwelungsrest-Entnahmeöffnung 4 kann beispielsweise durch Schieber oder Klappen veränderbar gestaltet werden. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ergiebt sich aus den Figuren 5 und 6, in denen für eine genauere Dosierung am Übergang zwischen Verschwelungsreaktor und Schweltrog eine steuerbare Dosiervorrichtung vorgesehen ist, die beim Ausführungsbeispiel die Form einer Zahnwalze 70 besitzt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Klappenschleuse 1 durch eine Schieberschleuse 71, 72 ersetzt. Ebenso ist am Ausgang eine Schieberschleuse 73, 74 angeordnet.The gap width of the residual carbon removal opening 4 can be made changeable, for example, by means of slides or flaps will. A preferred embodiment results from FIGS. 5 and 6, in which a controllable metering device is provided for a more precise metering at the transition between the smoldering reactor and the smoldering trough, which meter has the shape of a toothed roller 70 in the exemplary embodiment. In this embodiment, the flap lock 1 is replaced by a slide lock 71, 72. A slide gate 73, 74 is also arranged at the exit.

Die Drehzahl der Welle 51 kann regel- oder steuerbar sein und zwar vorzugsweise in Beziehung zu der Drehzahl der Dosierwalze 70 und/ oder der Steuervorrichtung 46 oder aber unabhängig davon.The speed of the shaft 51 can be adjustable or controllable, preferably in relation to the speed of the metering roller 70 and / or the control device 46 or independently of it.

Wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, kann die Energiegewinnung über den Gasmotor 9 auch wegfallen und es kann das aus dem Heißgaszyklon 15 austretende Gas mit einer Temperatur von 1 200° direkt zur Beheizung des Verschwelungsreaktors und/oder des Schweltrogs verwendet werden. Anschließend wird dem Gas im Wärmeaustauscher 24 weitere Wärme entzogen. Das Gas kann dann über eine Fernleitung zum Verbraucher geführt werden. Gegenüber einer Fernheizung hat dies den Vorteil, daß keine Isolierung der Leitungen erforderlich ist.As already mentioned at the beginning, the energy generation via the gas engine 9 can also be omitted and the gas emerging from the hot gas cyclone 15 at a temperature of 1200 ° can be used directly for heating the carbonization reactor and / or the smoldering trough. Subsequently, further heat is removed from the gas in the heat exchanger 24. The gas can then be led to the consumer via a long-distance line. Compared to district heating, this has the advantage that no insulation of the lines is required.

Die Arbeitsweise der Anordnung ist folgende : die Abfallstofe werden in faustgroße Stücke zerkleinert, anschließend durchlaufen sie eine Trocknung und gelangen danach mittels einer Schleuse in den Keilschacht des Verschwelungsreaktors. Dieser Reaktor wird mit einer Temperatur von ca. 500-700° im Gegenstrom zum verschwelenden Material indirekt beheizt. In dem keilförmigen Schacht, der senkrecht auf dem Schweltrog angebracht ist, wird das Schwelgut erhitzt und zum Teil verschwelt. Dieses gleitet, bedingt durch die Keilform des Schachtes nur soweit nach unten, als es beim Verschwelen an Volumen verliert. Mit der am Ausfallspalt liegenden Zahnwalze wird das zum Teil verschwelte Material in den Schweltrog dosiert. In diesem Schweltrog wird es umgewälzt und zur Ausfallschleuse weiterbefördert, dabei verschwelt das Material vollkommen. Die an Federstahlarmen befestigten Mischsaufeln können einem festen Gegenstand im Trog ausweichen, dadurch ist ein störungsfreier Betrieb gewährleistet. In der dem Verschwelungsreaktor nachgeschalteten Aufbereitungsvorrichtung werden von den Reststoffen Kohle und Metalle zur Wiederverwertung aussortiert. In einem gesonderten Kessel wird die angefallene Kohle vergast und zugleich das Schwelgas beim Durchströmen der Kesselglut aufbereitet, d. h. gekrackt. Das aufbereitete Gas verläßt den Kessel als Produktgas mit einer Temperatur von ca. 1 200 °C. Es durchläuft zur Vorreinigung den Heizgaszyklon 15 und wird anschließend zur Beheizung des Verschwelungsreaktors und/oder des Schweltrogs verwendet. Nach Verlassen dieser Anordnung wird dem Gas in einem Wärmetauscher die Restwärme von ca. 400 °C entzogen und zur Abfalltrocknung verwendet. Zur letzten Reinigung durchläuft das Gas einen Wäscher, mit anschließendem Wasserabscheider, diesem folgt ein Gebläse, das das Gas von der Anlage unter Vakuum absaugt.The arrangement works as follows: the waste materials are chopped into fist-sized pieces, then they go through a drying process and then enter the wedge shaft of the carbonization reactor by means of a lock. This reactor is indirectly heated at a temperature of approx. 500-700 ° in countercurrent to the smoldering material. In the wedge-shaped shaft, which is mounted vertically on the smoldering trough, the smoldering material is heated and partly smeared. Due to the wedge shape of the shaft, this only slides down to the extent that it loses volume when it becomes smoldering. The partially smoldered material is metered into the smoldering trough with the toothed roller lying at the gap. It is circulated in this smoldering trough and conveyed to the drop-out lock, the material becoming completely obscured. The mixing buckets attached to spring steel arms can avoid a solid object in the trough, thereby ensuring trouble-free operation. In the processing device downstream of the carbonization reactor, coal and metals are sorted out from the residues for recycling. The coal is gasified in a separate boiler and at the same time the carbonization gas is processed as it flows through the boiler embers. H. cracked. The processed gas leaves the boiler as a product gas with a temperature of approx. 1200 ° C. It passes through the heating gas cyclone 15 for pre-cleaning and is then used to heat the carbonization reactor and / or the smoldering trough. After leaving this arrangement, the residual heat of approx. 400 ° C is extracted from the gas in a heat exchanger and used for drying the waste. For the last cleaning, the gas passes through a scrubber, followed by a water separator, followed by a blower that sucks the gas out of the system under vacuum.

Die besonderen Vorteile der Anordnung bestehen in der umweltfreundlichen Beseitigung von Abfällen einschließlich der Rückgewinnung von Metallen, der Erzeugung von Produktgas und der direkten Verwendung der anfallenden Kohle und der Energie.The particular advantages of the arrangement are the environmentally friendly disposal of waste, including the recovery of metals, the production of product gas and the direct use of the coal and energy generated.

Claims (7)

1. Apparatus for thermic treatment of waste comprising a low-temperature carbonization reactor having attached on top a waste supply device and at the bottom a removing device for the carbonization residues provided at the reactor outlet, characterized in that the carbonization reactor consists of a downwardly tapered rectangular duct (28) to which is directly attached a horizontally arranged carbonization cavity (29) being provided with a mixing and feeding device where the duct (28) and the carbonization cavity (29) forming a unit, and being provided with double walls (3) as a whole for indirect heating.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the duct (28) is reduced from the top to the bottom generally essentially uniformly to an outlet slit (4).
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the slit width of the outlet slit (4) is variable.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that at the outlet slit (4) a shaker, a dose roller or a similar device is provided.
5. Apparatus according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that along the axis of the carbonization cavity (29) an axle (51) is arranged which is provided with a revolving device in form of blades (52) fixed thereto by resilient steel arms.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the speed of the axle (51) is adpated to be regulated or controlled.
EP80105749A 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Installation and process for the thermal processing of principally combustible wastes Expired EP0026450B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80105749T ATE7041T1 (en) 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 ARRANGEMENT AND PROCEDURES FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF MAINLY COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2938912A DE2938912C2 (en) 1979-09-26 1979-09-26 Plant and process for smoldering combustible waste
DE2938912 1979-09-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026450A2 EP0026450A2 (en) 1981-04-08
EP0026450A3 EP0026450A3 (en) 1981-05-20
EP0026450B1 true EP0026450B1 (en) 1984-04-11

Family

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EP80105749A Expired EP0026450B1 (en) 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Installation and process for the thermal processing of principally combustible wastes

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0026450B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE7041T1 (en)
DE (2) DE2938912C2 (en)

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DE3048320C2 (en) * 1980-12-17 1986-03-06 Herwig 1000 Berlin Michel-Kim Process and device for the combined production of high-quality pyrolysis oils, biochar and generator gas from organic raw materials
DE3147141A1 (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-09-29 Franz Kaiser KG, 8949 Salgen METHOD FOR RECOVERING PYROLYSE GAS TO COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIALS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
JPH06184560A (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-07-05 Hiroshi Shimizu Apparatus for thermal cracking of organic waste
DE4413668C2 (en) * 1994-04-20 1997-02-27 Franz Austermann Device for the gasification of chips, chips and the like from carbonizable substances
DE19731010C2 (en) * 1997-07-18 2001-05-10 Siemens Ag Thermal disposal system for waste with high moisture content
DE19830765A1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-13 Krantz Tkt Gmbh Method and device for gasifying a solid fuel in lump form
DE19932822C2 (en) * 1999-07-14 2003-11-20 Johann Hochreiter Device for degassing organic substances

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FR532334A (en) * 1920-03-10 1922-02-01 Process for manufacturing gas using carbonaceous or other organic materials
US3362887A (en) * 1964-05-08 1968-01-09 Elbert A. Rodgers Apparatus for and method of reducing refuse, garbage and the like to usable constituents
DE1671340A1 (en) * 1967-07-17 1971-09-30 Mifuji Iron Works Co Ltd Method and device for charring waste materials
FR2134494A1 (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-12-08 Battelle Development Corp
BE786025A (en) * 1971-07-09 1973-01-08 Union Carbide Corp GARBAGE INCINERATION PROCESS
US3970524A (en) * 1972-05-12 1976-07-20 Funk Harald F Treating waste materials to produce usable gases
AR205469A1 (en) * 1974-07-04 1976-05-07 Kiener Karl PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING COMBUSTIBLE GAS
DE2432504B2 (en) * 1974-07-04 1976-12-16 Kiener, Karl, Dipl.-Ing., 7080 Goldshöfe PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING COMBUSTION GASES FROM COMPONENT DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING ETC.
US3984288A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-10-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Method for treatment of rubber and plastic wastes
JPS544722B2 (en) * 1975-03-13 1979-03-09
US4038152A (en) * 1975-04-11 1977-07-26 Wallace-Atkins Oil Corporation Process and apparatus for the destructive distillation of waste material
DE2520754A1 (en) * 1975-05-09 1976-11-18 Lampl Helma METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PYROLYSIS OF WASTE PRODUCTS
DK137404B (en) * 1975-07-09 1978-02-27 Pollution Control K S Plant for pyrolytic decomposition of waste materials.
DE2613699A1 (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-13 Union Carbide Corp Shaft type gasifier for refuse - with charge bed and fused ash tap hole of specified dimensions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2938912C2 (en) 1982-02-18
EP0026450A2 (en) 1981-04-08
ATE7041T1 (en) 1984-04-15
EP0026450A3 (en) 1981-05-20
DE3067451D1 (en) 1984-05-17
DE2938912A1 (en) 1981-04-02

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