EP0022065A1 - Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022065A1
EP0022065A1 EP80810179A EP80810179A EP0022065A1 EP 0022065 A1 EP0022065 A1 EP 0022065A1 EP 80810179 A EP80810179 A EP 80810179A EP 80810179 A EP80810179 A EP 80810179A EP 0022065 A1 EP0022065 A1 EP 0022065A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibrils
filament
core
group
false twist
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80810179A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0022065B1 (fr
EP0022065B2 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Schmieder
Rolf Heider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viscosuisse SA
Original Assignee
Viscosuisse SA
Societe de la Viscose Suisse SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4291232&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0022065(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Viscosuisse SA, Societe de la Viscose Suisse SA filed Critical Viscosuisse SA
Priority to AT80810179T priority Critical patent/ATE5153T1/de
Publication of EP0022065A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022065A1/fr
Publication of EP0022065B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022065B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0022065B2 publication Critical patent/EP0022065B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/082—Melt spinning methods of mixed yarn

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a false twist textured filament yarn made of synthetic polymers, consisting of a filament group forming a core and a filament group lying on the outside of the core and partially enveloping the core, the two filament groups being produced from the same or different polymers.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing the above-mentioned filament yarn.
  • DE-OS 19 15 821 and 22 55 460 relate to a process for the production of synthetic, false twist textured, endless notch yarns, which consist of at least one core component and a sheath component, both polyamide and polyester being used. This process can be used to produce core yarns with a good spun-like effect, but if you want to process these core yarns on a knitting machine, for example, major problems arise from frequent machine shutdowns.
  • DE-GM 77 34 062 describes a voluminous, false twist textured filament yarn made of polyester, which consists of a core with between 12 and 100 fibrils and a sheath with between 1 and 10 fibrils, the fibrils of the core group having a smaller titer than the fibrils of the Show wrapping group.
  • the yarn according to the above-mentioned GM has an erep-like effect and no spun-like effect, but it does have a pretty good flow, i.e. a small restraint when knitting, which leads to almost no machine shutdowns when knitting.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a false twist-textured filament yarn consisting of a filament group forming a core and a filament group enveloping the core, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided. like effect and a good process for processing, for example on knitting machines.
  • the wrapping filament group consists of at least two filament groups with different cross-sections, the smaller portion of the wrapping filament group comprising the fibrils with the coarsest fibril titer and the larger portion of the wrapping filament group comprising the fibrils with the finer fibril titer and the finer fibrils of the cladding filament group have a smaller fibril titer than the fibrils of the core group.
  • the sheath filament group consists of two filament groups with different cross sections.
  • a filament yarn according to the invention also results in good processing during further processing on knitting machines, twisting machines, weaving machines etc.
  • the fibrils of the wrapping filament group in particular the coarsest fibrils, form alternating spirals along the thread, which envelop the core thread.
  • Any thread-forming polymers can be used.
  • Polyamides (PA), polyesters (PES) or their copolymers are preferred, any combinations such as PES-PES, PA-PA etc. being possible.
  • the wrapping group has more fibrils than the core group, preferably in a ratio between 2: 1 and 5: 1.
  • the number of fibrils for the core and the sheath it is also possible for the number of fibrils for the core and the sheath to be approximately the same.
  • the coarsest fibrils in the cladding filament group have a fibril titer that is up to 10 times larger than the finer fibrils, preferably 2 to 3 times larger.
  • the titer of core and cladding group together is 50 to 800 dtex, titres between 150 and 500 dtex are preferred.
  • the wrapping group contains 1 to 10 coarse fibrils depending on the titer of the core yarn, with two to three coarse fibrils in the wrapping group for a titer of the core yarn of 150 to 250 dtex to be favoured.
  • the good properties of this thread are retained if you have 1 to 10 coarse fibrils in the wrapping group.
  • the fabrics produced become harder to grip.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing the above-mentioned filament yarn by spinning two melted spinning masses for core and sheath filament group made of thread-forming polymers from separate bores, combining the group of fibrils after cooling, for example by blowing air, with spinning preparation
  • the yarn carrier is wound up and then false-twisted textured, characterized in that spinnerets are used, the holes for the coarsest and finer fibrils of the sheathing group are distributed with different capillary diameters and / or different capillary lengths so that the holes for the coarsest fibrils are arranged on the opposite side of the mouth are.
  • the large deflection of the coarsest fibrils by the cooling air causes contact between the coarsest and finer fibrils, which leads to interruptions in the spinning process and frequent tearing of the thread.
  • the core filament and the sheath filament group are spun separately from the same or different polymers.
  • the sheath filament group consists of a larger proportion of fibrils with a finer fibril titer and a smaller proportion of fibrils with the coarsest fibril titer, which are obtained through spinneret bores with different capillary diameters and / or different capillary lengths.
  • the sheath filaments are spun at a certain speed X and the core filaments at a certain spinning speed Y, the speed X being equal to or less than the speed Y in most combinations of polymers. These two threads are wound on separate spools.
  • the speed X is usually in the range from 1000 to 3500 m / min.
  • the two partially stretched threads are then brought together on a false twist stretch texturing machine in front of the first delivery plant and, in the usual way, heat twist textured, re-fixed, and finally wound up with heat treatment. It is also possible to swirl the textured thread with conventional blowing devices before winding.
  • the procedure according to such a method enables the production of a filament yarn according to the invention which, with a very good spun-like effect, also has a good course of further processing.
  • the schematic view of a yarn made in this way is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the filament yarn can be produced in a co-spinning process.
  • the two polymers used for core and cladding are spun simultaneously through separate spinneret holes in a single spinneret pack.
  • two melted spinning masses for core and sheath filament group made of different fiber-forming polymers are fed to a common spinneret pack, these two masses for core and sheath filament group are spun simultaneously from separate bores of the common spinneret pack, the groups of fibrils are combined after cooling, e.g. to a blended yarn, provides the blended yarn with spin finish and winds the blended yarn onto a yarn carrier.
  • the coiled yarn is then textured on a false twist stretch texturing machine.
  • Co-spinning speeds of up to 6000 m / min are possible.
  • a winding speed of approximately 2500 to 4000 m / min is preferred.
  • a device is used where spinning and texturing can be carried out in two successive process steps on a single machine without an intermediate winding process.
  • the textured thread can be swirled before winding.
  • the filament yarn of the invention has a core filament group 1, which consists of several individual fibrils 3, and a sheath filament group 2, which consists of a coarse fibril 4 and finer fibrils 5.
  • the core fibrils 3 have a larger titer than the finer sheathing fibrils 5.
  • the number of core fibrils is also smaller than the number of sheathing fibrils.
  • the fibrils 4 and 5 form spirals along the thread, which are wrapped around the core.
  • Fig. 1 also explains the good spun-like effect of these threads, which results from the longer, protruding fibrils of the wrapping group, which results in a natural fiber-like appearance and a pleasant feel in the fabric produced.
  • the device in FIG. 2 enables the filament yarns of the invention to be produced in a co-spinning process with two different filament groups for the sheathing group.
  • Two different polymers B and C are fed in the molten state through separate feed lines 6 and 7 to a common spinneret pack 8.
  • This spinneret pack has small and, for example, two larger bores through which polymer C is spun and other bores through which polymer B is spun.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c show various spinnerets that can be used in the device of FIG. 2.
  • the co-spinning process of the invention uses a spinneret whose bores are distributed in such a way that the larger bores 25 in FIGS. 3a and 3b for individual threads 10 of the wrapping group in FIG. 2 on the opposite side to the cooling air direction A. Side of the spinneret are arranged.
  • the direction of the cooling air is represented by the arrow A in FIGS. 3a to 3c.
  • the arrangement of the remaining bores 24 of the sheathing group, which form the finer individual threads 9 made of polymer C in FIG. 2, and the arrangement of the bores 23 of the core group, which form the single threads 11 made of polymer B in FIG. 2 can be arranged on two circular halves (FIG 3a) or distributed in concentric circles (Fig. 3b).
  • 3c shows a spinneret with different areas for the arrangement of the spinneret holes.
  • the semicircular area 28 on the side of the spinneret opposite the cooling air orifice contains the larger holes for the polymer C sheathing component.
  • Area 27 contains the smaller holes for the polymer C sheathing component, while area 26 contains the spinneret holes for the polymer B core component .
  • further arrangements of the spinneret holes are also possible.
  • Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b show sections through spinnerets with different NEN bores for the coarsest and the finer filaments of the environmental h U llungsfilament mich. These bores usually consist of a pilot hole 31 and a capillary bore 32. The titer and cross section of the fibrils emerging from the bores are determined by the dimension of the capillary bore 32.
  • 4a shows 2 bores with the same capillary length L1 and different capillary diameters, fine fibrils emerging from the small diameter D1 and coarse fibrils emerging from the large diameter D2.
  • 4a shows 2 bores with the same capillary diameter D3 and different capillary lengths, fine fibrils emerging from the bore with the large capillary length L3 and coarse fibrils from the bore with a small capillary length L4.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate granules were melted on a conventional spinning machine and extruded through a spinneret, then cooled with blown air, converged, provided with a preparation and then wound onto a spool.
  • Two experiments were carried out, each with a core filament group and a sheath filament group, using different polymers, titers, fibril numbers and spinning speeds.
  • both filament groups were made from polyethylene terephthalate A
  • the core filament group was made from polyethylene terephthalate with an addition of sodium salt of sulfoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester B.
  • Example 4 the spinneret had 34 capillary bores with a diameter of 0.23 mm and 2 capillary bores with a diameter of 0.34 mm.
  • Example 5 spinnerets with 26 capillary bores with a diameter of 0.23 mm and with 4 capillary bores with 0.34 mm were used.
  • the large diameter capillary bores were each arranged on the side opposite the cooling air side.
  • wrapping threads were textured with the core threads with the same setting of the false twist stretch texturing machine as in the production of test 2.
  • examples 3, 4 and 5 each produced at least 36 texture yarn bobbins and processed them on the same experimental circular knitting machine. Table 2 summarizes the most important process features and properties of Examples 3, 4 and 5.
  • Example 6 and 7 the same polymers as in the production of Examples 3 to 5 were used to produce the core and sheath filament group.
  • the core thread had a titer of 123 dtex for both examples and had 13 fibrils.
  • the wrapping thread consisted of 38 finer and 2 5.2 times coarser fibrils.
  • the sheath filament group had 38 finer and 2 2.2 times coarser fibrils.
  • the core and sheath filament group were each stretch-textured together, a highly elastic, intermingled textile yarn being produced. Before winding, two threads were shed, whereby a texture yarn with a titer of 460 dtex was obtained for both examples.
  • the yarns of Examples 6 and 7 showed a very good spun-like effect, had a length difference between the core and sheath thread of 20% and caused considerably less difficulties in the further processing into fabrics than in the comparative tests.
  • Example 8 the core thread consisted of polyhexamethyl adipamide, which with a spinning speed of 4200 m / min to a thread with the Titer 98 dtex and 17 fibrils was spun.
  • the wrapping thread consisted of polyethylene terephthalate, which was produced at 2000 m / min and had 34 fine and 2 coarse fibrils with fibril titers of 4.0 and 10.0 dtex. Core and wrapping threads were stretch-textured together.
  • the filament yarn obtained had a length difference between the core and sheath thread of 18% and a titer of 175 dtex.
  • the yarns produced according to this example also had favorable processing properties on circular knitting machines with a good spun-like effect.
  • This example shows the production of filament yarn according to the second embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • molten polyethylene terephthalate with an addition of sodium salt of the sulfoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester for the core thread and molten polyethylene terephthalate for the sheath thread were fed to a common spinneret pack with separate lines and spun out of separate holes to form a blended yarn.
  • the arrangement of the spinneret bores was of the same type as shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the core thread had 12 fibrils and accounted for 40% of the mixed yarn titer.
  • the fibrils were converged, provided with spin finish and finally wound up at 3100 m / min.
  • the titer of the mixed yarn was 250 dtex.
  • the yarn was submitted to a false twist machine and textured with a draw ratio of 1.35.
  • the length difference between the core and sheathing thread was 12%.
  • the yarn was characterized by good processing properties when knitting, twisting and weaving and gave fabrics with a good spun-like effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP80810179A 1979-06-07 1980-05-29 Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired EP0022065B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80810179T ATE5153T1 (de) 1979-06-07 1980-05-29 Falschdralltexturiertes filamentgarn aus synthetischen polymeren und verfahren zu seiner herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH529779A CH624527B (de) 1979-06-07 1979-06-07 Falschdralltexturiertes filamentgarn aus synthetischen polymeren.
CH5297/79 1979-06-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0022065A1 true EP0022065A1 (fr) 1981-01-07
EP0022065B1 EP0022065B1 (fr) 1983-10-26
EP0022065B2 EP0022065B2 (fr) 1989-08-30

Family

ID=4291232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80810179A Expired EP0022065B2 (fr) 1979-06-07 1980-05-29 Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4330989A (fr)
EP (1) EP0022065B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR222554A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE5153T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8003573A (fr)
CA (1) CA1132865A (fr)
CH (1) CH624527B (fr)
DE (1) DE3065412D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK148486C (fr)
ES (1) ES492572A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI68867C (fr)
IE (1) IE49605B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT71352A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0086631A2 (fr) * 1982-02-11 1983-08-24 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plaque de filière
EP0086630A2 (fr) * 1982-02-11 1983-08-24 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fil de polyester
EP0290926A2 (fr) * 1987-05-13 1988-11-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fil multifilamentaire volumineux, texturé par fausse-torsion, procédé pour le fabriquer et utilisation de ce fil
US6153545A (en) * 1997-01-20 2000-11-28 Rhodia Filtec Ag Technical fabrics for airbags
WO2008045492A2 (fr) * 2006-10-10 2008-04-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fils résistant aux coupures et procédé de fabrication

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5318845A (en) * 1988-05-27 1994-06-07 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Conductive composite filament and process for producing the same
CN100478509C (zh) * 2001-12-05 2009-04-15 休闲生活世界股份有限公司 用合成的织造材料制造家具的方法
JP3895212B2 (ja) * 2002-04-12 2007-03-22 エヌアイ帝人商事株式会社 清掃用立毛布帛およびモップ
EP1424412A1 (fr) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-02 Polyfelt Gesellschaft m.b.H. Plaque de filière
US7472535B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2009-01-06 Casual Living Worldwide, Inc. Coreless synthetic yarns and woven articles therefrom
WO2013050336A1 (fr) * 2011-10-05 2013-04-11 Teijin Aramid B.V. Filière pour filer un fil multi-filament
CN103060979B (zh) * 2012-08-09 2015-07-08 绍兴文理学院 同板二元皮芯型复合纺多异纱生产工艺
US10301746B2 (en) * 2012-10-16 2019-05-28 Avintiv Specialty Materials, Inc. Multi-zone spinneret, apparatus and method for making filaments and nonwoven fabrics therefrom
CN104452009A (zh) * 2013-09-23 2015-03-25 上海贵达科技有限公司 一种柔软但有骨感的纤维
EP3580378A1 (fr) * 2017-02-10 2019-12-18 Basf Se Procédé pour la production de fibre élastique, procédé pour la production d'un article en fibre élastique, fibre élastique et article en fibre élastique
RU2682627C1 (ru) * 2018-09-03 2019-03-19 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭТИЗ Композит" Формовочный узел технологической линии для изготовления неметаллической арматуры, технологическая линия и способ формирования стержня для производства композитной арматуры

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1463462A (fr) * 1965-01-13 1966-12-23 Heberlein & Co Ag Procédé de fabrication d'un fil textile élastique
DE1915821A1 (de) * 1968-03-27 1969-10-09 Ici Ltd Kerngarn und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
GB1234250A (fr) * 1967-08-17 1971-06-03
FR2092373A5 (fr) * 1970-04-15 1972-01-21 Vickers Zimmer Ag
DE2255460A1 (de) * 1968-03-27 1974-05-16 Ici Ltd Texturiertes kerngarn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
GB1488255A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-10-12 Courtaulds Ltd Yarn-texturising process

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988883A (en) * 1957-04-05 1976-11-02 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Stretch-resistant bulked yarn
US3013379A (en) * 1960-07-05 1961-12-19 Du Pont Process for making elastic bulky composite yarn
DE1915821U (de) 1962-11-19 1965-05-13 Schlaetzer & Sohn O H G Limonadenflasche.
US3344596A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-10-03 Kendall & Co Textile yarn and process therefor
US3438193A (en) * 1965-09-14 1969-04-15 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Composite yarn and its manufacturing method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1463462A (fr) * 1965-01-13 1966-12-23 Heberlein & Co Ag Procédé de fabrication d'un fil textile élastique
GB1234250A (fr) * 1967-08-17 1971-06-03
DE1915821A1 (de) * 1968-03-27 1969-10-09 Ici Ltd Kerngarn und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE2255460A1 (de) * 1968-03-27 1974-05-16 Ici Ltd Texturiertes kerngarn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
FR2092373A5 (fr) * 1970-04-15 1972-01-21 Vickers Zimmer Ag
GB1488255A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-10-12 Courtaulds Ltd Yarn-texturising process

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0086631A2 (fr) * 1982-02-11 1983-08-24 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plaque de filière
EP0086630A2 (fr) * 1982-02-11 1983-08-24 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fil de polyester
EP0086631A3 (en) * 1982-02-11 1985-01-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinneret plate
EP0086630A3 (en) * 1982-02-11 1985-01-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester yarn
EP0290926A2 (fr) * 1987-05-13 1988-11-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fil multifilamentaire volumineux, texturé par fausse-torsion, procédé pour le fabriquer et utilisation de ce fil
DE3715971A1 (de) * 1987-05-13 1988-12-01 Guenther Dr Bauer Falschdralltexturiertes multifilamentgarn, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie verwendung dieses garns
EP0290926A3 (fr) * 1987-05-13 1991-01-16 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fil multifilamentaire volumineux, texturé par fausse-torsion, procédé pour le fabriquer et utilisation de ce fil
US6153545A (en) * 1997-01-20 2000-11-28 Rhodia Filtec Ag Technical fabrics for airbags
WO2008045492A2 (fr) * 2006-10-10 2008-04-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fils résistant aux coupures et procédé de fabrication
WO2008045492A3 (fr) * 2006-10-10 2008-08-14 Du Pont Fils résistant aux coupures et procédé de fabrication
US7638193B1 (en) 2006-10-10 2009-12-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cut-resistant yarns and method of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH624527B (de)
DE3065412D1 (en) 1983-12-01
CH624527GA3 (fr) 1981-08-14
FI801788A (fi) 1980-12-08
FI68867C (fi) 1985-11-11
ES8105047A1 (es) 1981-02-16
BR8003573A (pt) 1981-01-05
DK148486B (da) 1985-07-15
IE49605B1 (en) 1985-10-30
DK148486C (da) 1985-12-16
CA1132865A (fr) 1982-10-05
PT71352A (pt) 1980-07-01
EP0022065B1 (fr) 1983-10-26
ES492572A0 (es) 1981-02-16
IE801171L (en) 1980-12-07
DK246080A (da) 1980-12-08
ATE5153T1 (de) 1983-11-15
FI68867B (fi) 1985-07-31
AR222554A1 (es) 1981-05-29
US4330989A (en) 1982-05-25
EP0022065B2 (fr) 1989-08-30

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