EP0022065B2 - Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022065B2
EP0022065B2 EP80810179A EP80810179A EP0022065B2 EP 0022065 B2 EP0022065 B2 EP 0022065B2 EP 80810179 A EP80810179 A EP 80810179A EP 80810179 A EP80810179 A EP 80810179A EP 0022065 B2 EP0022065 B2 EP 0022065B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
filament
group
sheath
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80810179A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0022065B1 (fr
EP0022065A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Schmieder
Rolf Heider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viscosuisse SA
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Viscosuisse SA
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Application filed by Viscosuisse SA filed Critical Viscosuisse SA
Priority to AT80810179T priority Critical patent/ATE5153T1/de
Publication of EP0022065A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022065A1/fr
Publication of EP0022065B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022065B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/082—Melt spinning methods of mixed yarn

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a false twist-textured filament yarn made of synthetic polymers, consisting of a core filament group forming a core and a sheath filament group arranged on the outside of the core and partially enveloping the core, the two filament groups consisting of the same or different polymers.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing the above-mentioned filament game.
  • DE-OS 22 55 460 relates to a process for the production of synthetic, false-twist textured, endless core games which consist of at least one core component and a sheathing component which differ in their stretchability under tension, both polyamide and polyester being used. Different extensibility can be obtained by using different polymer starting materials or different winding speeds during spinning.
  • This process can be used to make Kemgame with a good spun-like effect, but if you want to process this Kemgame on a knitting machine, for example, big problems arise from frequent machine shutdowns.
  • the presence of protruding filaments in the wrapping thread causes a great restraint when knitting, which must be overcome in order to continue the knitting process. Since large restraining forces lead to defects in the knitted goods produced, parking devices are attached to the knitting machines which shut down the machine when large restraining forces occur. A large number of shutdowns, as they occur with these core games, are not economically viable for the processor.
  • DE-OS 1915 821 describes a core yarn in which the enveloping filaments have the same or a coarser titer than the core filaments.
  • the core component consists of 84 den / 10 threads or 96 den / 10 threads and the sheathing component consists of 75 den / 2 threads or 96 den / 2 threads.
  • DE-GM 77 34 062 describes a voluminous, false-twist textured filament gamm made of polyester, which consists of a core with between 12 and 100 fibrils and a covering with between 1 and 10 fibrils, the fibrils of the core group having a smaller titer than the fibrils of the Have wrapping group.
  • the yarns according to the above-mentioned DE-OS 19 15 821 and GM 77 34 062 have a crepe-like effect and no spun-like effect, but instead a fairly good process, i. H. a small retention force when knitting, which leads to almost no machine shutdowns when knitting.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a false twist-textured filament yarn consisting of a filament group forming a core and a filament group enveloping the core, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided. It is therefore important to produce a filament yarn that has a good spun-like effect and a good process for processing, for example on knitting machines.
  • the sheath filament group consists of at least two filament subgroups, the filaments of which differ in terms of their single titer and their cross section, with a) the one filament subgroup comprising between 1 and 10 sheath filaments with the coarsest single titer in the filament yarn which is up to 10 times coarser than that of the sheath filaments of the other filament subgroup and these coarser sheath filaments compared to the sheath filaments with the finer single titer are in the minority, and b) the finer filaments in the sheath filament group in the majority have a smaller single titer than the filaments of the core filament group, and that c) the filaments of the sheath filament group in the textured yarn are between 5 and 25% longer than the filaments of the core filament group.
  • the sheath filament group consists of two filament groups of different filament titer.
  • a filament yarn according to the invention also results in good processing during further processing on knitting machines, double machines, weaving machines etc.
  • the filaments of the wrapping filament group in particular the coarsest filaments, form alternating spirals along the thread, which envelop the core thread.
  • Any thread-forming polymers can be used.
  • Polyamides (PA), polyesters (PES) or their copolymers are preferred, any combinations such as PES-PES, PA-PA etc. being possible.
  • the sheathing group has more filaments than the core group, preferably in a ratio between 2: and 5: 1.
  • the number of filaments for core and sheathing it is also possible for the number of filaments for core and sheathing to be approximately the same.
  • the coarsest filaments of the cladding filament group have a filament titer that is up to 10 times larger than the finer filaments, preferably 2 to 3 times larger.
  • the titer of core and cladding group together is 50 to 800 dtex, titres between 150 and 500 dtex are preferred.
  • the good properties of this thread are retained if you have 1 to 10 coarse filaments in the sheathing group. With an increasing number of coarse filaments in such a core, the fabrics produced get a harder grip.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a false twist stretch textured filament yarn, wherein two melted spinning masses for the core filament group and the sheath filament group are spun from thread-forming polymers from separate bores, the filament groups are combined after cooling by blowing air, provided with spinning preparation, wound onto yarn carriers and then false twisted. Round spinnerets are used, the bores for the coarsest and finer filaments of the sheath filament group with different capillary diameters and / or different capillary lengths are distributed such that the bores for the coarsest filaments of the sheath filament group are arranged on the side opposite the blow opening.
  • the core filament and the sheath filament group are spun from the same or different polymers from a separate spinneret pack.
  • the cladding filament group consists of a larger proportion of filament with a finer filament titer and a smaller proportion of filament with the coarsest filament titer, which are obtained through spinneret bores with different capillary diameters and / or different capillary lengths.
  • the sheath filaments are spun at a certain speed X and the core filaments at a certain spinning speed Y, the speed X being equal to or less than the speed Y in most combinations of polymers. These two threads are wound on separate spools.
  • the speed X is usually in the range from 1,000 to 3,500 m / min.
  • the two partially drawn threads are then brought together on a false twist stretch texturing machine in front of the first delivery plant and, in the usual way, are heat-treated with false twist stretch texturing, re-fixed, and finally wound up. It is also possible to swirl the textured thread with conventional blowing devices before winding.
  • the procedure according to such a method enables the production of a filament game according to the invention which, with a very good spun-like effect, also has a good course of further processing.
  • the schematic view of a game produced in this way is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the filament yarn can be produced in a co-spinning process.
  • the two polymers used for the core and coating are simultaneously spun through separate spinneret holes in a single spinneret pack.
  • two molten spinning masses for core and sheath filament group made of different fiber-forming polymers are fed to a common spinneret pack, these two masses for core and sheath filament group are spun simultaneously from separate bores of the common spinneret pack, and the groups of filaments are combined after cooling, e.g. B. to a mixed game, provides the mixed yarn with spin finish and winds the mixed yarn on a gam carrier.
  • the wound mixed yarn is then textured on a false twist stretch texturing machine.
  • Co-spinning speeds of up to 6,000 m / min are possible.
  • a winding speed of approximately 2500 to 4000 m / min is preferred.
  • the filament yarn of the invention has a core filament group 1, which consists of several individual filaments 3, and a sheath filament group 2, which consists of a coarse filament 4 and finer filaments 5.
  • the core filaments 3 have a larger titer than the finer sheathing filaments 5.
  • the number of core filaments is also smaller than the number of sheathing filaments.
  • the filaments 4 and 5 form spirals along the thread, which are wrapped around the core.
  • Fig. 1 also explains the good spun-like effect of these threads, which results from the longer, protruding filaments of the wrapping group, which gives a natural fiber-like appearance and a pleasant feel to the fabric produced.
  • the device in Fig. 2 enables the filament yarns of the invention to be manufactured in a co- Spinning process with two different filament groups for the sheathing group.
  • Two different polymers B and C are fed in the molten state through separate feed lines 6 and 7 to a common spinneret pack 8.
  • This spinneret pack has small and, for example, two larger bores through which polymer C is spun and other bores through which polymer B is spun.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c show various spinnerets that can be used in the device of FIG. 2.
  • the co-spinning process of the invention uses a spinneret whose bores are distributed in such a way that the larger bores 25 in FIGS. 3a and 3b for individual threads 10 of the sheathing group in FIG. 2 on the side opposite the cooling air direction A. Side of the spinneret are arranged.
  • the direction of the cooling air is represented by the arrow A in FIGS. 3a to 3c.
  • 3c shows a spinneret with different areas for the arrangement of the spinneret holes.
  • the semicircular area 28 on the side of the spinneret opposite the cooling air orifice contains the larger holes for the polymer C sheathing component.
  • Area 27 contains the smaller holes for the polymer C sheathing component, while area 26 contains the spinneret holes for the polymer B core component .
  • further arrangements of the spinneret holes are also possible.
  • 4a and 4b show sections through spinnerets with different bores for the coarsest and finer filaments of the sheath filament group. These bores usually consist of a pilot bore 31 and a capillary bore 32. The titer and cross section of the filaments emerging from the bores are determined by the dimension of the capillary bore 32.
  • 4a shows two bores with the same capillary length L1 and different capillary diameters, fine filaments emerging from the small diameter D1 and coarse filaments emerging from the large diameter D2.
  • 4b shows 2 bores with the same capillary diameter D3 and different capillary lengths, fine filaments emerging in the bore with the large capillary length L3 and coarse filaments in the bore with a small capillary length L4.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate granules were melted on a conventional spinning machine and extruded through a spinneret, then cooled with blown air, converged, provided with a preparation and then wound onto a spool.
  • Two experiments were carried out, each with a core filament group and a sheath filament group, using different polymers, titer, number of filaments and spinning speeds.
  • both filament groups were made from polyethylene terephthalate A
  • the core filament group was made from polyethylene terephthalate with an addition of sodium salt of dimethyl sulfoisophthalate B.
  • the core thread and the wrapping thread were processed together on a known three-way stretch texturing machine by bringing the core thread and the wrapping thread together before the first delivery plant.
  • at least 36 texture coil coils were produced.
  • the percentage length difference between the core thread and the covering thread was measured.
  • 36 textile yarn bobbins from each experiment were simultaneously processed into a knitted fabric on a MAYER OV 36 experimental circular knitting machine, the number of machine shutdowns per kilogram of knitted thread being ascertained.
  • the spun-like effect of the fabric was assessed on the knitted fabric.
  • the table summarizes the most important process characteristics for spinning, texturing and further processing as well as the most important thread properties of tests 1 and 2.
  • Example 4 the spinneret had 34 capillary bores with a diameter of 0.23 mm and 2 capillary bores with a diameter of 0.34 mm.
  • Example 5 spinnerets with 26 capillary bores with a diameter of 0.23 mm and with 4 capillary bores with 0.34 mm were used.
  • the capillary bores with the large diameter were each arranged on the side opposite the cooling air side.
  • Example 6 and 7 the same polymers as in the preparation of Examples 3 to 5 were used to produce the core and sheath filament group.
  • the core thread had a titer of 123 dtex for both examples and had 13 filaments.
  • the covering thread consisted of 38 finer and 2 5.2 times coarser filaments.
  • the sheath filament group had 38 finer and 2 2.2 times coarser filaments.
  • core and sheath filament groups were each stretch-textured together, a highly elastic, warped textured yarn being produced. Before winding, two threads were fanned, which resulted in a texturam with a titer of 460 dtex for both examples.
  • the game of Examples 6 and 7 showed a very good spun-like effect, had a length difference between the core and sheathing thread of 20% and caused considerably less difficulties in the further processing into fabrics than in the comparative experiments.
  • Example 8 the core thread consisted of 'polyhexamethyl adipamide, which was spun at a spinning speed of 4,200 m / min to a thread with a titer of 98 dtex and 17 filaments.
  • the covering thread consisted of polyethylene terephthalate, which was produced at 2,000 m / min and had 34 fine and 2 coarse filaments with filament titles of 4.0 and 10.0 dtex. Core and wrapping threads were stretch-textured together.
  • the filament yarn obtained had a length difference between the core and sheath thread of 18% and a titer of 175 dtex.
  • the yarns produced according to this example also had favorable processing properties on circular knitting machines with a good spun-like effect.
  • This example shows the production of filament yarn according to the second embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • molten polyethylene terephthalate with an addition of sodium salt of the sulfoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester for the core thread and molten polyethylene terephthalate for the sheath thread were fed to a common spinneret pack with separate lines and spun out of separate holes to form a mixing gam.
  • the arrangement of the spinneret bores was of the same type as shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the core thread had 12 filaments and made up 40% of the mixed yarn titer.
  • the filaments were converged, provided with spin finish and finally wound up at 3 100 m / min.
  • the titer of the mixed game was 250 dtex.
  • the yarn was submitted to a false twist machine and textured with a draw ratio of 1.35.
  • the length difference between the core and sheathing thread was 12%.
  • the yarn was characterized by good processing properties when knitting, twisting and weaving and gave fabrics with a good spun-like effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, étiré et texturé par fausse torsion, comprenant un groupe filamentaire âme (1) et un groupe filamentaire gaine (2) se trouvant sur l'extérieur de l'âme et l'enveloppant partiellement, les deux groupes de filaments étant produits à partir de polymères identiques ou différents, caractérisé en ce que le groupe filamentaire gaine (2) se compose d'au moins de deux groupes de filaments (4, 5) se différenciant par leurs titres de brin et leurs surfaces transversales où,
a) un groupe de filament comprenant entre 1 et 10 filaments de gaine (4) ayant le titre brin le plus élevé dans le fil multifilamentaire, qui est jusqu'à 10 fois plus gros que celui du filament de gaine (5) de l'autre groupe de filaments et ces gros filaments de gaine sont en minorités par rapport aux filaments de gaine (5) avec un titre de brin plus fins, et
b) ceux du groupe filamentaire gaine (2) comportant les filaments plus fins (5) sont majoritaires par rapport à l'autre groupe filamentaire gaine et possèdent un titre de brin inférieur aux filaments (3) du groupe filamentaire âme (1) et que,
c) les filaments (4, 5) du groupe filamentaire gaine (2) dans le fil texturé sont plus longs de 5 à 25 % que les filaments (3) du groupe filamentaire âme.
2. Fil multifilamentaire étiré texturé par fausse torsion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le groupe filamentaire gaine (2) comprend deux groupes de filaments.
' 3. Fil multifilamentaire étiré et texturé par fausse torsion selon la revendication 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (3, 4, 5) se composent de polyamide, de polyester ou de leurs copolymères.
4. Fil multifilamentaire étiré et texturé par fausse torsion selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le groupe gaine (2) comporte plus de filaments (4, 5) que le groupe âme (1).
5. Fil multifilamentaire étiré et texturé par fausse torsion selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le titre soit de 50 à 800 dtex.
6. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un fil multifilamentaire étiré et texturé par fausse torsion, selon les revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel on file par des capillaires séparés deux masses de filage fondues pour les groupes filamentaires âme (1) et gaine (2) à partir de polymères (B, C) formateurs de fil, on assemble les groupes de brins (9, 10, 11) après refroidissement, par exemple par soufflage, on leur applique un ensimage, on les renvide sur une bobine (15) et après on les texture par fausse torsion, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise des filières à capillaires ronds dont les capillaires pour les brins les plus gros et les plus fins (4 resp. 5) du groupe gaine (2), avec un diamètre de capillaires différents (Dl, D2) et/ou une longueur de capillaires différents (L3, L4), sont répartis de manière à ce que les capillaires (25) pour les brins les plus gros (4) du groupe.de filaments de gaine (2) sont disposés sur le côté opposé à l'orifice de soufflage (A).
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les deux masses de filage fondues sont différentes et sont filées à partir d'un pack de filières (8) commun et après refroidissement les groupes de brins assemblés sont renvidés sur une bobine unique (15).
8. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que deux masses de filage fondues identiques ou différentes sont filées chacun à partir d'un pack de filières séparé et .'es groupes de brins assemblés sont renvidés après refroidissement sur deux bobines différentes et sont texturés ensemble par fausse torsion.
EP80810179A 1979-06-07 1980-05-29 Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired EP0022065B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80810179T ATE5153T1 (de) 1979-06-07 1980-05-29 Falschdralltexturiertes filamentgarn aus synthetischen polymeren und verfahren zu seiner herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5297/79 1979-06-07
CH529779A CH624527B (de) 1979-06-07 1979-06-07 Falschdralltexturiertes filamentgarn aus synthetischen polymeren.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0022065A1 EP0022065A1 (fr) 1981-01-07
EP0022065B1 EP0022065B1 (fr) 1983-10-26
EP0022065B2 true EP0022065B2 (fr) 1989-08-30

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EP80810179A Expired EP0022065B2 (fr) 1979-06-07 1980-05-29 Fil multifilamentaire en polymères synthétiques, texturé par fausse torsion, et procédé pour sa fabrication

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US (1) US4330989A (fr)
EP (1) EP0022065B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR222554A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE5153T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8003573A (fr)
CA (1) CA1132865A (fr)
CH (1) CH624527B (fr)
DE (1) DE3065412D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK148486C (fr)
ES (1) ES492572A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI68867C (fr)
IE (1) IE49605B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT71352A (fr)

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US5318845A (en) * 1988-05-27 1994-06-07 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Conductive composite filament and process for producing the same
AR010847A1 (es) * 1997-01-20 2000-07-12 Rhone Poulenc Filtec Ag TEJIDO TÉCNICO EN PARTICULAR, PARA BOLSAS DE AIRE, Y METODO PARA LA FABRICACIoN DEL HILO DE FILAMENTO PARA EL TEJIDO.
CN100478509C (zh) * 2001-12-05 2009-04-15 休闲生活世界股份有限公司 用合成的织造材料制造家具的方法
JP3895212B2 (ja) * 2002-04-12 2007-03-22 エヌアイ帝人商事株式会社 清掃用立毛布帛およびモップ
EP1424412A1 (fr) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-02 Polyfelt Gesellschaft m.b.H. Plaque de filière
US7472535B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2009-01-06 Casual Living Worldwide, Inc. Coreless synthetic yarns and woven articles therefrom
US7638193B1 (en) 2006-10-10 2009-12-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cut-resistant yarns and method of manufacture
KR102002278B1 (ko) * 2011-10-05 2019-07-23 데이진 아라미드 비.브이. 멀티필라멘트 얀의 방사를 위한 방사구금
CN103060979B (zh) * 2012-08-09 2015-07-08 绍兴文理学院 同板二元皮芯型复合纺多异纱生产工艺
US10301746B2 (en) * 2012-10-16 2019-05-28 Avintiv Specialty Materials, Inc. Multi-zone spinneret, apparatus and method for making filaments and nonwoven fabrics therefrom
CN104452009A (zh) * 2013-09-23 2015-03-25 上海贵达科技有限公司 一种柔软但有骨感的纤维
TWI771366B (zh) * 2017-02-10 2022-07-21 德商巴斯夫歐洲公司 製造彈性纖維的方法，製造彈性纖維製品的方法，彈性纖維及彈性纖維製品
RU2682627C1 (ru) * 2018-09-03 2019-03-19 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭТИЗ Композит" Формовочный узел технологической линии для изготовления неметаллической арматуры, технологическая линия и способ формирования стержня для производства композитной арматуры

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US3988883A (en) * 1957-04-05 1976-11-02 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Stretch-resistant bulked yarn
US3013379A (en) * 1960-07-05 1961-12-19 Du Pont Process for making elastic bulky composite yarn
DE1915821U (de) 1962-11-19 1965-05-13 Schlaetzer & Sohn O H G Limonadenflasche.
CH426089A (de) * 1965-01-13 1967-06-15 Heberlein & Co Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elastischen Textilgarns
US3344596A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-10-03 Kendall & Co Textile yarn and process therefor
US3438193A (en) * 1965-09-14 1969-04-15 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Composite yarn and its manufacturing method
GB1234250A (fr) * 1967-08-17 1971-06-03
DE2255460A1 (de) * 1968-03-27 1974-05-16 Ici Ltd Texturiertes kerngarn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US3577873A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-05-11 Ici Ltd Novel core yarns and methods for their manufacture
FR2092373A5 (fr) * 1970-04-15 1972-01-21 Vickers Zimmer Ag
GB1488255A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-10-12 Courtaulds Ltd Yarn-texturising process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR222554A1 (es) 1981-05-29
ATE5153T1 (de) 1983-11-15
US4330989A (en) 1982-05-25
DK148486C (da) 1985-12-16
CH624527GA3 (fr) 1981-08-14
EP0022065B1 (fr) 1983-10-26
IE801171L (en) 1980-12-07
PT71352A (pt) 1980-07-01
DK148486B (da) 1985-07-15
FI801788A (fi) 1980-12-08
EP0022065A1 (fr) 1981-01-07
DK246080A (da) 1980-12-08
ES8105047A1 (es) 1981-02-16
ES492572A0 (es) 1981-02-16
CH624527B (de)
BR8003573A (pt) 1981-01-05
FI68867B (fi) 1985-07-31
CA1132865A (fr) 1982-10-05
DE3065412D1 (en) 1983-12-01
FI68867C (fi) 1985-11-11
IE49605B1 (en) 1985-10-30

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