EP0016839B1 - Vaporisateur utilisable a la fois en position droite et renversee - Google Patents

Vaporisateur utilisable a la fois en position droite et renversee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0016839B1
EP0016839B1 EP79900637A EP79900637A EP0016839B1 EP 0016839 B1 EP0016839 B1 EP 0016839B1 EP 79900637 A EP79900637 A EP 79900637A EP 79900637 A EP79900637 A EP 79900637A EP 0016839 B1 EP0016839 B1 EP 0016839B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
suction
cylinder
pressurizing chamber
sprayer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79900637A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0016839A1 (fr
EP0016839A4 (fr
Inventor
Takao Kishi
Minoru Hinokiyama
Takamitsu Nozawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP7774678U external-priority patent/JPS61127Y2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1978153522U external-priority patent/JPS61899Y2/ja
Priority claimed from JP16478178U external-priority patent/JPS6026840Y2/ja
Application filed by Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd filed Critical Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd
Publication of EP0016839A4 publication Critical patent/EP0016839A4/fr
Publication of EP0016839A1 publication Critical patent/EP0016839A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0016839B1 publication Critical patent/EP0016839B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0059—Components or details allowing operation in any orientation, e.g. for discharge in inverted position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7879—Resilient material valve
    • Y10T137/7888—With valve member flexing about securement
    • Y10T137/7889—Sleeve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sprayer which can be used both in an upright position and in an inverted position and capable of absolutely preventing any penetration of air into a pressurization chamber, in each of these two positions.
  • Sprayers have been known to date comprising two suction pipes connected to the suction opening of a pump and leading respectively to the neck, and to the lower part of a container containing a liquid, such arrangement allowing the sprayer to be used both upright and inverted.
  • the neck of the container containing the liquid must have a diameter large enough for two suction hoses to be threaded through it.
  • the diameter of the neck is small, it is not possible to hold the sprayer stably through the center of this neck and, due to this lack of stability of the sprayer, the operations for spraying the liquid are find it embarrassed.
  • the switching valve for connecting the suction passage to one or the other of the two suction hoses is mounted apart from its hoses, which annoyingly limits the space available for a liquid in the container.
  • the applicant has experimentally produced a sprayer which can be used both in the upright position and in the inverted position, in which the suction opening intended for operation in the inverted position is located at the top of the pump cylinder. .
  • the liquid is sucked in through the suction opening for operation in the inverted position, only when the piston has been perfectly put back in place to give the pressurizing chamber the largest possible volume, such so that it is necessary to provide a pump whose resistance is sufficient to withstand a high vacuum.
  • it is difficult to introduce by suction a fairly large amount of liquid into the pressurization chamber.
  • FR-A-2318685 describes a sprayer of this type, comprising a suction passage for operation in the inverted position and a shut-off valve (44, 37, 37a, 42, 40) housed in this passage d suction and designed to open only when the pressure prevailing in said pressurizing chamber has dropped to a value less than a given value in the case of the operation of this sprayer in the inverted position.
  • Japanese patent S310113 (Yoshino) describes a sprayer usable in an upright position and in an inverted position comprising a pump (4-piston cylinder) surrounded by a sleeve (20) forming with the cylinder (4) suction channels (25) for operation in the reverse position.
  • a shut-off valve (27) is housed between these channels (25) and the pumping chamber and is designed to open only when the sprayer is operating in the inverted position.
  • This shut-off valve (27) is a valve for preventing air intake when operating in the upright position.
  • the sprayer further comprises a suction valve for operation in the upright position and an air suction prohibition valve (37, 35) for operation in the inverted position.
  • the subject of the invention is a sprayer which can be used both in the upright position and in the inverted position, and in which the air suction prohibition valve for operation in the upright position is also used as a suction valve for the operating in the inverted position, this suction valve being actuated only by a vacuum in the pressurization chamber, which must be greater than the vacuum which actuates the suction valve by operating in the upright position.
  • the invention also relates, for operation in the inverted position, to a suction passage constituted by an outer sleeve disposed around the pump cylinder, which reduces the outside diameter of the upper part of this cylinder and makes it possible to arrange the pump. in the center of the container neck.
  • a pump 2 is fixed to the neck of a container 1 intended to contain liquid.
  • a spray head 3 is disposed above this pump 2. This head 3 is provided with a nozzle and it is attached to the upper end of a plunger 5 which acts both as a piston for the pump 2 and passage for the liquid.
  • This pump 2 comprises a pressurization chamber 7, delimited by this plunger 5 and by an associated cylinder 6.
  • This cylinder plunges into the container 1 and, at its upper end, it is detachably connected to the mouth of this container 1 by means of a screwed sleeve 8.
  • a helical spring 9 having the role of urging the plunger upwards is housed in the cylinder 6.
  • This plunger 5 is introduced into the cylinder 6 by the upper side of this last to dominate the force of the spring 9 and it can slide in this cylinder.
  • the cylinder 6 is provided with a suction valve 10, while an exhaust valve (not shown) is housed in the upper part of the plunger 5.
  • a small sleeve 11 is formed in one piece with the lower end of cylinder 6.
  • various types of valve can be used as the suction valve capable of closing and opening the passage both in the upright position and in the inverted position, for example a ball valve, or a tongue valve. It is possible, if desired, to place the suction valve 10 at the top of the cylinder 6, although, in the embodiment shown, this suction valve is located at the bottom of this cylinder.
  • valve body 13 of cylindrical shape, made of an elastic material, for example of soft plastic or soft rubber, this valve body being housed in the small sleeve 11.
  • the assembly constituted by the valve body 13 and through holes or bores, 1'2 forms a stop valve 13A.
  • the cylindrical body 1'3 of the valve has a lower base. There is a flange, or flange, 13a directed inwards, intended to prevent the valve body 13 from deforming in line with the lower base.
  • the cylindrical body 13 plugs the holes 12, which prevents any suction of air by a suction passage which will be discussed more specifically, intended for operation in the inverted position.
  • a sleeve 14 is mounted around the cylinder 6.
  • a suction passage 15 used in the case of operation in the inverted position, this passage being in the form of a groove which goes from the upper part of the container 1 to transverse hole or bore 12 of the small sleeve 11.
  • the sleeve 14 has a lower part 14a, of cylindrical shape and of reduced diameter relative to the upper part of the sleeve 14.
  • the lower end of the cylinder 6 extends, towards the bottom, by a small cylinder 11, of diameter reduced by relative to the diameter of the cylinder 6.
  • the small cylinder 11 is housed inside the cylinder 14a.
  • the lower end of the small sleeve 11 constitutes a valve seat 16, of frustoconical shape, flared downwards.
  • E 17a is introduced into a cylindrical part 14a on the lower side of this frustoconical valve seat, so as to constitute a valve 17 intended to prohibit the suction of air during operation in the inverted position.
  • Several grooves 18a are formed in the outer peripheral face of this cup 18.
  • a suction pipe 19 which goes to the lower part of the container 1 intended to contain a liquid, is arranged at the lower end of the cylindrical element lower 14a.
  • valve seat 16a of frustoconical shape by giving a flared shape to the lower end of the cylindrical body 13 (FIG. 1B) instead of providing a frustoconical seat 16 at the lower end of the small sleeve 11.
  • the suction valve 10 therefore opens, which allows the suction of liquid by the suction pipe 19, by the grooves t8a and by the cylindrical body 13 of the valve.
  • the ball 17a is not in abutment against the seat 16 of frustoconical shape, since this ball is applied, under the effect of its weight, against the part 18 in the form of a cup, such so that the liquid flows through the outer peripheral grooves 18a of this part 18.
  • the vacuum obtained inside the cylindrical body 13 of the valve is a little deeper than outside of this same body.
  • the transverse hole or bore 12 is never released by the cylindrical body 13, contrary to what happens in the case of operation. in the inverted position, which will be described later, so that air cannot enter the chamber 7 for pressurization.
  • the liquid contained in the chamber 7 is subjected to a pressure which closes the suction valve 10 when the spray head 3 is pressed. If we continue pressing this 3, a high pressure arises in the chamber 7, so that the exhaust valve opens forcefully and the liquid is sprayed by the nozzle 4. This exhaust valve closes automatically when the chamber pressure drops, and spraying ends.
  • a suction valve 10 intended to operate. in the upright position, a valve 13A of cylindrical shape which acts as an air suction prohibition valve and aspiration valve used respectively for operation in the upright position and for operation in the inverted position, and finally a air suction prohibition valve 17, for operation in the inverted position so that, for these two positions, the air is absolutely prevented from entering the pressure chamber 7 and that only the liquid is sucked.
  • the suction valve 10, the cylindrical valve body 13 and the interdict valve 17 air intake allowing the sprayer to spray both upright and inverted, are arranged end to end and located in the lower part of the pump 2, so that they never decrease the space for the liquid in the container.
  • the cylindrical body 1'3, the sleeve 14 and a valve 7 for preventing air suction are added to an ordinary type sprayer, the latter can also operate in the inverted position.
  • the suction passage 15 intended for operation in the inverted position is constituted by a sleeve 14 surrounding the cylinder 6 of the pump 2. It is therefore not necessary to give a large diameter to the upper part of this pump.
  • the cylindrical body 13 which constitutes the shut-off valve 13A of the first embodiment is located on the outer periphery of the small sleeve 1'1 of the cylinder 6. If one refers to FIG. 2A , it can be seen that the central step 21a of the cylindrical body 21 of the valve is held in contact with the shoulder 22a of the internal surface of the sleeve 22 which surrounds the cylinder 6, so as to secure the cylindrical body 21 inside this muff. Then, the cylindrical element 21 is placed around the cylinder 6 by the lower side of the latter.
  • a passage for the liquid is formed in the inner face of the cylindrical body 21 and outside the small sleeve 11 of the cylinder.
  • several ribs 23 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 22 at suitable intervals are provided on the cylinder 6 to secure the sleeve 22 to the pump 2.
  • Suction passages 24, used for operation in the inverted position, are alternated with the ribs 23 and they communicate with the pressurization chamber 7 through the lower chamber of the small sleeve 11.
  • the cylindrical body 21 of the valve is fixed, by its upper part, to the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 22, while the lower part of this body 21 constitutes a tilting part 21, applied strongly against the small sleeve 11 of the cylinder 6, of absolutely airtight.
  • the air suction prohibition valve 17 of the first embodiment is constituted as follows in the second embodiment: the part 18 in the form of a cup of the first embodiment no longer exists in this second embodiment, and there is provided an element 25 for the support of the ball 17a, at the lower part 14a of the sleeve 22.
  • the seat 17b of the ball 17a is located at the top of this lower part 14a.
  • this second embodiment provides the same advantages as the first.
  • the tilting part 21b of the cylindrical body 21 of the valve is provided so as to bend downward, at its end, in order to open the suction passage 24, only when there is practically a vacuum in the pressurization chamber 7, during operation in the inverted position.
  • FIGS 2B and 2C show a variant of the cylindrical body 21 of the second embodiment.
  • a cylindrical valve body 27 is fixed to the small sleeve 11 of the cylinder 6 and there is provided, on the lower periphery of this cylindrical body 27, a tilting part 27a which is applied in leaktight manner against the peripheral surface inside of the sleeve 22.
  • several ribs 27b are provided on the periphery of the upper part of the cylindrical valve body 27, so as to form liquid passages between the cylindrical body 27 and the sleeve 22. The latter is provided internally of ribs 28 intended to reinforce its coupling to the small sleeve 11.
  • FIG. 2D represents another variant of the cylindrical element 27 of the second embodiment.
  • the tilting part 27a of the cylindrical element 27 shown in FIG. 2B is in the form of a tilting part 29 directed laterally, serving to ensure tight contact, on its beam, with the inner peripheral wall of the sleeve 22.
  • a third embodiment of the invention will be described below, referring to FIG. 3.
  • the cylindrical body 13 of the valve of the first embodiment is located on the periphery of the upper part of the cylinder 6.
  • the cylindrical body 31 of this new embodiment has a base fixed to the peripheral part upper part of the cylinder 6 of the pump 2.
  • the lower part of the cylindrical body 31 forms a skirt 31 a which spreads outwards, and the end of this skirt is in sealed contact with the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 22.
  • the other parts of the sprayer according to this third embodiment are identical to those of the second embodiment, and, like the sprayer of the first embodiment, this new atomizer can ensure a safe suction of liquid into the pressurization chamber, while preventing the penetration of air into this chamber, both in the upright position and in the overturned.
  • FIG. 4 represents a fourth embodiment of the invention, according to which the cylindrical body 21 used in the second embodiment is interposed between the small sleeve 11 of the cylinder 6 and an intermediate lower support element, located in the sleeve 22 , on a part of the latter located above the valve seat 17b.
  • the cylindrical valve body 42 of this new embodiment has a base attached to the lower intermediate support part 41, while an upper part 42a of the body, intended to seal, is housed in the small sleeve 11 .
  • the pressurization chamber 7 is in communication with the suction passage 24, in the case of operation in the inverted position, when this sealing part 42a deforms inwards.
  • this part 42a does not deform, the liquid suction pipe which leaves from the sleeve 22 downwards is in communication with the pressurization chamber 7 by means of the central hole, or bore, of the cylindrical body of valve 42.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment, according to which the cylindrical valve body 42 used in the fourth embodiment is held in the small sleeve 11 of the cylinder 6.
  • the cylindrical valve body 51 has an upper base fixed firmly to the inside of the small sleeve 11, while a lower skirt 51a of this cylindrical body ensures tight contact with the inner peripheral valve of a sleeve 52.
  • This is intended to carry the cylinder 6 and it has the same diameter outside over its entire length.
  • the suction passage 53 intended for operation in the inverted position exists only on one side of the upper part of the sleeve 52.
  • the other parts of the sprayer according to this fifth embodiment are identical to those of the second embodiment.
  • the pressurization chamber 7 communicates with a passage 53 for operation in the inverted position, when the skirt 51 a deforms inward.
  • This sprayer can therefore, like that of the first embodiment, suck liquid into its pressurization chamber, while preventing the penetration of air into this chamber, both in the upright position and in the inverted position, and it thus provides the same advantages as that of the first embodiment.

Landscapes

  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
EP79900637A 1978-06-07 1979-06-06 Vaporisateur utilisable a la fois en position droite et renversee Expired EP0016839B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7774678U JPS61127Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-06-07 1978-06-07
JP77746/78 1978-06-07
JP153522/78 1978-11-07
JP1978153522U JPS61899Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-11-07 1978-11-07
JP16478178U JPS6026840Y2 (ja) 1978-11-30 1978-11-30 手動ポンプ式噴霧器
JP164781/78 1978-11-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0016839A4 EP0016839A4 (fr) 1980-09-29
EP0016839A1 EP0016839A1 (fr) 1980-10-15
EP0016839B1 true EP0016839B1 (fr) 1982-10-20

Family

ID=27302506

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79900637A Expired EP0016839B1 (fr) 1978-06-07 1979-06-06 Vaporisateur utilisable a la fois en position droite et renversee

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4371098A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0016839B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1087566A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH650992A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2943074C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2039989B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1980000011A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3045565C2 (de) * 1980-12-03 1983-01-20 Deutsche Präzisions-Ventil GmbH, 6234 Hattersheim Vorrichtung zum Versprühen einer Flüssigkeit aus einem Behälter
US5222636A (en) * 1980-12-03 1993-06-29 Precision Valve Corporation Apparatus for spraying a liquid from a container
US4572406A (en) * 1983-03-07 1986-02-25 Seachem, A Division Of Pittway Corp. Aerosol container and valve assembly for automatically signalling depletion of a predetermined amount of the container contents when in an inverted position
DE3513575A1 (de) * 1985-04-16 1986-10-16 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer GmbH & Co KG, 7760 Radolfzell Handbetaetigte ausgabeeinrichtung fuer medien
DE3517558A1 (de) * 1985-05-15 1986-11-20 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer GmbH & Co KG, 7760 Radolfzell Handbetaetigte ausgabeeinrichtung fuer medien
FR2584315B1 (fr) * 1985-07-02 1988-06-10 Valois Sa Dispositif adaptable sur les pulverisateurs pour en permettre l'usage dans toutes les positions
US4775079A (en) * 1985-11-05 1988-10-04 Hans Grothoff Upright/inverted pump sprayer
FR2593243B1 (fr) * 1986-01-17 1990-02-16 Aerosol Inventions Dev Pompe a commande manuelle utilisable en toutes positions
DE3929064A1 (de) * 1989-06-29 1991-01-10 Henkel Kgaa Handbetaetigbarer fluessigkeitszerstaeuber zur abgabe dosierter mengen
US5119974A (en) * 1989-10-13 1992-06-09 Mann Frederick J Spray bottle with a full circle, complementary operative feed system connected to a pump sprayer
US5192007A (en) * 1990-12-21 1993-03-09 Continental Plastic Containers, Inc. Valve assembly for inverted dispensing from a container with a pump
US5850947A (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-12-22 Kim; Phillip S. Invertible and multi-directional fluid delivery device
US5979712A (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-11-09 Monturas, S.A. Upright/inverted sprayer
ES2163980B1 (es) * 1999-06-15 2003-10-16 Calmar Monturas Sa Dispositivo auxiliar de comunicacion entre un mecanismo de bombeo y un recipiente y procedimiento para su fabricacion.
EP1296881B1 (de) * 2000-06-05 2004-11-03 Seaquist Perfect Dispensing GmbH Adapter für eine handbetätigte abgabevorrichtung für flüssigkeitsbehälter
AU2003238933A1 (en) 2002-06-06 2003-12-22 Kanfer, Joseph Dip tube for use with a pump dispenser
DE10231751B4 (de) * 2002-07-13 2004-07-29 Aero Pump GmbH, Zerstäuberpumpen Saug-Druck-Pumpe zum Ausspritzen eines Produkts aus einem Behältnis
ITMI20032082A1 (it) * 2003-10-24 2005-04-25 Microspray Delta Spa Pompa invertibile azionabile a mano per l'erogazione di liquidi atomizzati
US7631386B1 (en) 2003-11-14 2009-12-15 Bissell Homecare, Inc. Compact carpet spot cleaner
DE102004048248B3 (de) * 2004-10-04 2006-02-09 Seaquist Perfect Dispensing Gmbh Adapter für eine handbetätigte Abgabevorrichtung für Flüssigkeitsbehälter
US7607592B1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2009-10-27 Kim Sang B Accessories for water and beverage bottles
US7870977B2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2011-01-18 Meadwestvaco Calmar, Inc. Dispenser having an improved inlet valve
GB0815881D0 (en) 2008-09-01 2008-10-08 Rieke Corp Liquid dosing devices
US9433960B2 (en) 2008-09-01 2016-09-06 Rieke Corporation Liquid dosing devices
US8418889B2 (en) * 2010-01-11 2013-04-16 Rieke Corporation Inverted dispenser pump with liquid inlet cup valve
GB201000601D0 (en) 2010-01-14 2010-03-03 Rieke Corp Pump dispensers
GB201011143D0 (en) 2010-07-01 2010-08-18 Rieke Corp Dispensers
GB201011144D0 (en) 2010-07-01 2010-08-18 Rieke Corp Dispensers
US9492976B2 (en) * 2012-10-17 2016-11-15 Active Tools International (Hk) Ltd. Sealant bottle for tire repair of vehicle
FR3036632B1 (fr) * 2015-05-29 2017-05-26 Nemera La Verpilliere Pompe reliant l’interieur et l’exterieur d’un reservoir de produit amelioree
US10618152B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2020-04-14 Black & Decker Inc. All-direction valve and handheld power tool having same
US10595613B1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-03-24 David Morales Lotion application assembly
US11685592B2 (en) * 2021-05-18 2023-06-27 Motedo Co., Ltd. High-pressure spray can and valve mechanism for high-pressure spray can
US11596959B1 (en) * 2021-08-15 2023-03-07 Yu Chuang Esthetics Consultant Co., Ltd. Flow guide device of spray container

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US403042A (en) * 1889-05-07 Oil-can
US1325134A (en) * 1919-12-16 Pump-oilee
US994938A (en) * 1910-06-24 1911-06-13 John W Larimore Oil-can attachment.
US2531980A (en) * 1948-03-17 1950-11-28 Johnson Thorvald Oilcan
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US3893596A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-07-08 Vca Corp Upright-inverted aerosol dispenser
JPS5620052Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-07-21 1981-05-13
JPS5841101B2 (ja) * 1976-07-16 1983-09-09 株式会社吉野工業所 正倒立両用液体噴霧器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2943074T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-02-26
EP0016839A1 (fr) 1980-10-15
WO1980000011A1 (en) 1980-01-10
GB2039989B (en) 1982-08-25
DE2943074C2 (de) 1986-07-31
CA1087566A (en) 1980-10-14
US4371098A (en) 1983-02-01
CH650992A5 (de) 1985-08-30
GB2039989A (en) 1980-08-20
EP0016839A4 (fr) 1980-09-29

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