EP0013654A1 - Procédé de traitement thermique de l'acier et de contrôle dudit traitement; acier ainsi obtenu - Google Patents
Procédé de traitement thermique de l'acier et de contrôle dudit traitement; acier ainsi obtenu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0013654A1 EP0013654A1 EP80400048A EP80400048A EP0013654A1 EP 0013654 A1 EP0013654 A1 EP 0013654A1 EP 80400048 A EP80400048 A EP 80400048A EP 80400048 A EP80400048 A EP 80400048A EP 0013654 A1 EP0013654 A1 EP 0013654A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbon
- carbon monoxide
- steel
- atmosphere
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IKIWQIUJLIJZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].O=[C] Chemical compound [N].O=[C] IKIWQIUJLIJZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- GTLDVQNVVXCDNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO.CCC.[N] Chemical compound CO.CCC.[N] GTLDVQNVVXCDNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPQPZLGCGMZJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.CO.C.[N] Chemical compound N.CO.C.[N] OYPQPZLGCGMZJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBPGGVGNNLPHBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].OC Chemical compound [N].OC LBPGGVGNNLPHBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the treatment being controlled by measuring the residual content of hydrocarbon, CO 2 and H 2 O in the atmosphere leaving the oven and by adjusting the flow rate of hydrocarbon introduced into the atmosphere entering the oven for l 'obtaining the desired fuel activity, that is to say by controlling the addition of hydrocarbon at the inlet of the furnace.
- charts were previously established which gave a relationship between on the one hand the residual hydrocarbon content, the residual H 2 0 content, the residual CO 2 content at the outlet of the oven and on the other hand the amount of carbon introduced into the steel. Reading these charts allows the adjustment of the carbon potential as indicated above.
- the carburetted depth on the side of the part is increased as well as that at the bottom of the groove.
- the homogeneity of treatment is better with a much more satisfactory relative difference.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7900872 | 1979-01-15 | ||
| FR7900872A FR2446322A2 (fr) | 1979-01-15 | 1979-01-15 | Procede de traitement thermique de l'acier et de controle dudit traitement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0013654A1 true EP0013654A1 (fr) | 1980-07-23 |
Family
ID=9220744
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80400048A Ceased EP0013654A1 (fr) | 1979-01-15 | 1980-01-14 | Procédé de traitement thermique de l'acier et de contrôle dudit traitement; acier ainsi obtenu |
Country Status (13)
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0027649A1 (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-04-29 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Protective atmosphere process for annealing and or spheroidizing ferrous metals |
| EP0040094A1 (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1981-11-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Carburizing process utilizing atmospheres generated from nitrogen-ethanol based mixtures |
| FR2639252A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1988-11-24 | 1990-05-25 | Air Liquide | |
| FR2777910A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-10-29 | Air Liquide | Procede de regulation du potentiel carbone d'une atmosphere de traitement thermique et procede de traitement thermique mettant en oeuvre une telle regulation |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4436696A (en) | 1981-05-20 | 1984-03-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for providing a uniform carbon distribution in ferrous compacts at high temperatures |
| US4415379A (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1983-11-15 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Heat treatment processes |
| FR2524006B1 (fr) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-10-11 | Air Liquide | Procede de durcissement superficiel de pieces metalliques |
| FR2527641A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-02 | Air Liquide | Procede de traitement thermique de pieces metalliques par carburation |
| US4597807A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-07-01 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Accelerated carburizing method with discrete atmospheres |
| US5168200A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1992-12-01 | Payne Kenneth R | Automatic powered flowmeter valves and control thereof |
| EP0763143A4 (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1997-06-11 | Sturm Ruger & Co | METHOD FOR TREATING TITANIUM PARTS |
| US6074493A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 2000-06-13 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Method of continuously carburizing metal strip |
| WO1997014820A1 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-04-24 | Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. | Method of treating titanium parts |
| JP3960697B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-10 | 2007-08-15 | 株式会社日本テクノ | 浸炭および浸炭窒化処理方法 |
| DE10003526A1 (de) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-09 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh Frankfur | Verfahren zum Karbonitrieren von kohlenstoffreichen und hochlegierten Stählen |
| FR2821362B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2003-06-13 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | Procede de cementation basse pression |
| DE10221605A1 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-12-04 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
| EP3168314A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-17 | Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH | Method for heat treating metallic work pieces |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1116055A (fr) * | 1954-12-18 | 1956-05-03 | Renault | Procédé de préparation de gaz pour la cémentation de l'acier ou la protection des aciers contre l'oxydation ou la décarburation |
| FR1150079A (fr) * | 1956-04-26 | 1958-01-07 | Renault | Procédé de préparation d'atmosphère pour traitement thermique des métaux |
| FR67920E (fr) * | 1955-06-10 | 1958-03-26 | Renault | Procédé de préparation de gaz pour la cémentation de l'acier ou la protection des aciers contre l'oxydation ou la décarburation |
| FR1578942A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1968-05-09 | 1969-08-22 | ||
| FR2258456A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-01-18 | 1975-08-18 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | |
| FR2388896A2 (fr) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-11-24 | Air Prod & Chem | Procede de traitement thermique de metaux ferreux |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3011873A (en) * | 1959-01-30 | 1961-12-05 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Measurement and control of constituent potentials |
| NL279818A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1961-07-17 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| US3693409A (en) * | 1970-10-12 | 1972-09-26 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for measuring the carbon potential in gas atmospheres |
| JPS5120171B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1971-11-24 | 1976-06-23 | ||
| US4035203A (en) * | 1973-12-21 | 1977-07-12 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for the heat-treatment of steel and for the control of said treatment |
| FR2285461A1 (fr) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-04-16 | Air Liquide | Procede de traitement thermique de l'acier en atmosphere reductrice et non decarburante |
| US3946817A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-03-30 | Hughes Tool Company | Differentially carburized rock bit cutter |
| US4188242A (en) * | 1975-10-16 | 1980-02-12 | Hughes Tool Company | Combination carburizing and boronizing methods |
| US4049472A (en) * | 1975-12-22 | 1977-09-20 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Atmosphere compositions and methods of using same for surface treating ferrous metals |
| JPS5277836A (en) * | 1975-12-23 | 1977-06-30 | Fujikoshi Kk | Surface treatment of martensitic stainless steel |
| US4145232A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1979-03-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for carburizing steel |
| US4175986A (en) * | 1978-10-19 | 1979-11-27 | Trw Inc. | Inert carrier gas heat treating control process |
| US4208224A (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-06-17 | Airco, Inc. | Heat treatment processes utilizing H2 O additions |
-
1979
- 1979-01-15 FR FR7900872A patent/FR2446322A2/fr active Granted
- 1979-12-28 ZA ZA00797062A patent/ZA797062B/xx unknown
- 1979-12-28 US US06/107,785 patent/US4322255A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-01-08 AU AU54449/80A patent/AU524217B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-01-11 IT IT19164/80A patent/IT1130857B/it active
- 1980-01-11 ES ES487618A patent/ES8105036A2/es not_active Expired
- 1980-01-11 BE BE0/198941A patent/BE881119R/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-14 CA CA000343578A patent/CA1146844A/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-01-14 LU LU82080A patent/LU82080A1/fr unknown
- 1980-01-14 BR BR8000212A patent/BR8000212A/pt unknown
- 1980-01-14 JP JP221780A patent/JPS5597465A/ja active Pending
- 1980-01-14 EP EP80400048A patent/EP0013654A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1980-01-15 AR AR279636A patent/AR221133A1/es active
-
1987
- 1987-12-21 JP JP62321613A patent/JPS63241158A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1116055A (fr) * | 1954-12-18 | 1956-05-03 | Renault | Procédé de préparation de gaz pour la cémentation de l'acier ou la protection des aciers contre l'oxydation ou la décarburation |
| FR67920E (fr) * | 1955-06-10 | 1958-03-26 | Renault | Procédé de préparation de gaz pour la cémentation de l'acier ou la protection des aciers contre l'oxydation ou la décarburation |
| FR1150079A (fr) * | 1956-04-26 | 1958-01-07 | Renault | Procédé de préparation d'atmosphère pour traitement thermique des métaux |
| FR1578942A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1968-05-09 | 1969-08-22 | ||
| FR2258456A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-01-18 | 1975-08-18 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | |
| FR2388896A2 (fr) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-11-24 | Air Prod & Chem | Procede de traitement thermique de metaux ferreux |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0027649A1 (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-04-29 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Protective atmosphere process for annealing and or spheroidizing ferrous metals |
| EP0040094A1 (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1981-11-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Carburizing process utilizing atmospheres generated from nitrogen-ethanol based mixtures |
| FR2639252A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1988-11-24 | 1990-05-25 | Air Liquide | |
| EP0370872A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-24 | 1990-05-30 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procédé d'élaboration d'une atmosphère de traitement thermique par séparation d'air par adsorption |
| FR2777910A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-10-29 | Air Liquide | Procede de regulation du potentiel carbone d'une atmosphere de traitement thermique et procede de traitement thermique mettant en oeuvre une telle regulation |
| WO1999055921A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-04 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede de cementation ou carbonitruration de pieces metalliques |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR221133A1 (es) | 1980-12-30 |
| CA1146844A (fr) | 1983-05-24 |
| BR8000212A (pt) | 1980-09-30 |
| IT1130857B (it) | 1986-06-18 |
| IT8019164A0 (it) | 1980-01-11 |
| FR2446322B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1981-05-29 |
| AU5444980A (en) | 1980-07-24 |
| FR2446322A2 (fr) | 1980-08-08 |
| ES487618A0 (es) | 1981-04-01 |
| JPS5597465A (en) | 1980-07-24 |
| JPS63241158A (ja) | 1988-10-06 |
| ZA797062B (en) | 1980-11-26 |
| US4322255A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
| JPH0356304B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1991-08-27 |
| ES8105036A2 (es) | 1981-04-01 |
| LU82080A1 (fr) | 1980-04-23 |
| AU524217B2 (en) | 1982-09-02 |
| BE881119R (fr) | 1980-07-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): CH DE FR IT SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 19830613 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: KOSTELITZ, MICHEL |