EP0006795A1 - Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Kernreaktor mit schnellen Neutronen - Google Patents
Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Kernreaktor mit schnellen Neutronen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0006795A1 EP0006795A1 EP79400389A EP79400389A EP0006795A1 EP 0006795 A1 EP0006795 A1 EP 0006795A1 EP 79400389 A EP79400389 A EP 79400389A EP 79400389 A EP79400389 A EP 79400389A EP 0006795 A1 EP0006795 A1 EP 0006795A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- plies
- bracing elements
- internal
- exchanger according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
- F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
- F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
- F28F9/0133—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by concentric strips
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
- Y10S165/40—Shell enclosed conduit assembly
- Y10S165/401—Shell enclosed conduit assembly including tube support or shell-side flow director
- Y10S165/416—Extending transverse of shell, e.g. fin, baffle
- Y10S165/423—Bar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to reactors, in which the cooling of the core is ensured by continuous circulation of a liquid metal, usually sodium, contained inside a main tank in which the core is immersed, the calories acquired by the liquid metal passing through the latter in contact with the fuel assemblies being transferred to a secondary fluid, also sodium, internally traversing the tubes of an intermediate exchanger plunging into the tank, the liquid metal cooling the core playing the role of fluid primary circulating outside these tubes, in heat exchange relationship with the secondary fluid.
- the secondary fluid which is thus heated is then returned outside the reactor vessel to a generator capable of supplying pressurized steam directly under pressure in an electricity production installation.
- the present invention relates more particularly to an arrangement of the internal structure of such an intermediate exchanger, comprising, in known manner, a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates of horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse belts formed by horizontal bands carrying elements generally hollow bracing housed between the tubes of the plies and in contact with them, the intake and discharge manifolds of the secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold while the outer shell is extended upwards by an outlet conduit for the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation manifold after passage through the tubes, and inlet and outlet windows distributed around the axis of the outer shell for the inlet and outlet, in the vicinity of
- the primary fluid therefore penetrates transversely into the exchanger through the inlet windows, spreading in the space between the external and internal ferrules, in order to circulate after a first change of direction substantially. at 90 ° in contact with the beam tubes, the flow taking place over most of the length of these tubes against the current of the secondary fluid, the primary fluid undergoing a second change of direction again by 90 ° for s '' evacuate out of the exchanger through its outlet windows.
- the present invention aims to overcome this drawback, by ensuring a more homogeneous distribution of the hot primary fluid at the entrance into the exchanger through the bundle tubes, in particular between the layers of internal and external tubes.
- the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that the bundle of tubes comprises means capable of producing a greater supply in the region occupied by the tubes of the internal plies than in the region occupied by the tubes of the plies. external, said means creating, in the circulation of the primary fluid inside the exchanger, a variable pressure drop.
- the means for producing said supply consist of bracing elements integral with the bracing belts of the tubes, these elements being hollow or solid and defining at least two concentric zones with different head losses.
- the tubes of the bundle are distributed in at least two zones with, in the internal plies, a radial and / or circumferential pitch more reduced than in the external plies.
- the reference 1 designates as a whole, an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, intended to be mounted inside a tank (not shown) of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising in particular a transverse step 2 crossed by the body of the exchanger.
- This step delimits inside the tank, two regions, respectively 3 and 4, region 3 receiving the coolant metal leaving the reactor core, therefore having acquired calories in contact with the fuel assemblies, this sodium after passing through the intermediate exchanger 1 being collected under the step 2 in the region 4, at a significantly lower temperature, as a result of the heat exchange carried out in the exchanger with a secondary fluid.
- the primary and secondary fluids consist of liquid sodium.
- the exchanger 1 mainly consists of a cylindrical internal ferrule 5, with a vertical axis, and an external cylindrical ferrule 6, coaxial with the first, these two ferrules being joined, respectively in the vicinity of their upper and lower ends, by two horizontal tube plates 7 and 8. Between these plates 7 and 8, extend the tubes 9 of a bundle of straight tubes, within which circulates the secondary fluid exchanging calories with the primary fluid, itself even flowing in the exchanger outside the tubes 9. In the bundle, the tubes 9 are suitably braced between them to form cylindrical sheets, coaxial with the ferrules and in which the tubes are maintained at a spacing determined by l 'Intermediate transverse belts 10, the detail of which appears more clearly in the partial view of FIG. 2.
- the exchanger At its lower end, the exchanger has a bottom 11 which delimits with the tubular plate 8 an intake manifold 12 for the secondary fluid, brought into the exchanger by the interior. of the internal shroud 5, the latter having an open lower end 13.
- the secondary fluid thus admitted inside the manifold 12 flows into the tubes 9 of the bundle and it is finally collected in an upper manifold 14 delimited between the inner shroud 5 and an extension 15 of the outer shroud 6.
- the hot primary fluid in region 3 enters the interior of the intermediate exchanger through inlet windows 17, regularly distributed around the axis of the exchanger, in the outer shell 6. This primary fluid flows then from top to bottom in contact with the tubes 9 of the bundle over most of the length of the latter, against the current of the secondary fluid which passes inside these same tubes from bottom to top.
- the primary fluid flows out of the outer shell 6 through outlet windows 18, also regularly distributed around the axis of this shell.
- Fig. 2 illustrates in more detail the practical embodiment of the spacer belts 10, making it possible to maintain the tubes 9 of the bundle with a determined spacing, at the same time as ensuring protection of these tubes from vibrations due to circulation of the primary fluid.
- the belts 10 are in particular formed by means of horizontal bands 19 against which are welded elements of hollow tubes, such as 20 and 21.
- bracing elements which here consist of the tube elements 20 and 21 of the bracing belts 10 provided between the ferrules 5 and 6, are determined so that they have different lengths, in particular such that the hollow elements 20, of greater length, are arranged in the external plies of the bundle, while the elements 21 of shorter length are provided in the internal plies.
- the above solution can be improved, by making a greater number of zones, for example three or four comprising in each, hollow elements of different lengths, varying gradually from the external layers to the internal layers.
- the various concentric zones are produced by giving the horizontal cross section of the bracing elements bearing the general reference 30 of the shapes or contours suitable for creating different pressure drops, the pressure drop decreasing when going from the periphery towards the center.
- the bracing elements 30b are still portions of tubes of thickness e 2 greater than e 1, the tubes having the same outside diameter as the tubes 30a.
- the bracing elements 30c consist of solid rods whose outside diameter is equal to that of the tubes 30a and 30b.
- bracing elements 30d are formed by the association of a similar solid rod 30'd to the rod 30c and an extension 30 "d inserted between the exchange tubes 9.
- the elements 30d could have a cross section having another outline.
- the different zones could be defined only by portions of tubes (30a, 30b) of different thicknesses.
- the overfeeding of the regions occupied by the external plies on the one hand and the internal plies on the other hand can be obtained by shifting, according to the length of these tubes, the belts bracing 10, so that the bracing elements 22 which are fixed thereon, arranged in contact with these tubes, create in these plies a funneling effect, with the formation of a horizontal speed component in the flow of the primary fluid towards the center of the device, notably improving the supply of the internal layers.
- the elements 22 are hollow.
- each hollow element creates a localized pressure drop and that it is the progressive displacement of the hollow elements in the axial direction which achieves the funneling effect and therefore the horizontal component of the fluid flow speed.
- the tubes of the bundle are arranged in two zones, respectively 9a and 9b, where they have different radial and circumferential pitches, the tubes 9a in the vicinity of the internal ferrule 5 having smaller steps than the tubes 9b in the vicinity of the outer shell 6.
- the two preceding zones are separated by an internal skirt 23, coaxial with the ferrules 5 and 6. It can therefore be seen that in this embodiment, the best distribution of the fluid is obtained by creating different pressure drops in the same horizontal plane.
- the primary fluid is penetrated into the region of the tubes close to the inner shroud 5 and a more efficient heat exchange is obtained in said region.
- anti-vibration belts can also be placed in the latter, creating, as in the examples in FIGS. 1 and 4, differentiated pressure drops, in order to counterbalance the lower linear pressure drop due to the larger pitch of the tubes 9b.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7818711 | 1978-06-22 | ||
FR7818711A FR2429402A1 (fr) | 1978-06-22 | 1978-06-22 | Echangeur intermediaire pour reacteur nucleaire a neutrons rapides |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0006795A1 true EP0006795A1 (de) | 1980-01-09 |
EP0006795B1 EP0006795B1 (de) | 1981-10-14 |
Family
ID=9209854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79400389A Expired EP0006795B1 (de) | 1978-06-22 | 1979-06-13 | Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Kernreaktor mit schnellen Neutronen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4305458A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0006795B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS552999A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2960987D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES481716A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2429402A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2477692A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur intermediaire pour reacteur nucleaire a neutrons rapides |
EP0041452A2 (de) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-09 | STEIN INDUSTRIE Société anonyme dite: | Vorrichtung zum Verringern der thermischen Spannung in Wärmetauschern |
WO2015173103A1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3337236A1 (de) * | 1983-10-13 | 1985-04-25 | Mollerus, Alexander, 7128 Lauffen | Schleuse fuer tunnel-waschmaschine |
JPH01118729A (ja) * | 1988-09-14 | 1989-05-11 | Trguv Magnusson Harcon Jr | サンプルの分光分析方法及び分光光度計 |
DE3931685A1 (de) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-04-04 | Borsig Babcock Ag | Waermetauscher zum kuehlen von reaktionsgas |
AU6689094A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-29 | Noboru Soejima | Equipment for measuring body axis and method of regulating deviation of body axis |
US5894883A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-04-20 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Shell and tube heat exchanger |
US20080175951A1 (en) | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Rule David D | Methods, apparatuses and systems of fermentation |
CA2796487C (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2021-06-08 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited/Energie Atomique Du Canada Limitee | Pressure-tube reactor with pressurised moderator |
EP2561513B1 (de) | 2010-04-23 | 2019-04-10 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited | Druckrohrreaktor mit kühlmittelfüllraum |
EP3301683B1 (de) * | 2012-06-13 | 2019-08-07 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique du Canada Limitée | Druckröhren-kernreaktor mit einem niedrigdruck moderator und einer brennstoffkanalanordnung |
EP2864987B1 (de) | 2012-06-13 | 2017-09-27 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique du Canada Limitée | Brennstoffkanalanordnung und brennstabbündel für einen kernreaktor |
US20170023305A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | General Electric Company | Steam generator having an integrated modular heat exchanger |
US11754349B2 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-09-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchanger |
CN111486740B (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-09-28 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 换热器及其组装方法 |
US11802736B2 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2023-10-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Annular heat exchanger |
CN114608359B (zh) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-03-26 | 河南恒天久大实业有限公司 | 一种具有复合管板的换热器 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3292691A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1966-12-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Tube spacing means |
FR2003749A1 (de) * | 1968-03-12 | 1969-11-14 | Deggendor Werft Eisenbau |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2505695A (en) * | 1945-09-22 | 1950-04-25 | Tech Studien Ag | Tube nest for heat exchangers |
CH493811A (de) * | 1967-09-06 | 1970-07-15 | Basf Ag | Wärmetauschvorrichtung |
JPS4819178U (de) * | 1971-07-12 | 1973-03-03 | ||
SE384914B (sv) * | 1973-04-06 | 1976-05-24 | Stal Laval Apparat Ab | Vermevexlare for kondensering av anga (kondensor) |
US3916990A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-11-04 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Gas turbine regenerator |
JPS5147645A (ja) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-04-23 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Takanshikinetsukokanki |
JPS51124701A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-10-30 | Ibanobichi Sabin Nikorai | Multiple tube type heat exchanger |
-
1978
- 1978-06-22 FR FR7818711A patent/FR2429402A1/fr active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-06-13 EP EP79400389A patent/EP0006795B1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-06-13 DE DE7979400389T patent/DE2960987D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-06-15 US US06/049,487 patent/US4305458A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-06-20 ES ES481716A patent/ES481716A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-06-22 JP JP7898179A patent/JPS552999A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3292691A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1966-12-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Tube spacing means |
FR2003749A1 (de) * | 1968-03-12 | 1969-11-14 | Deggendor Werft Eisenbau |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2477692A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur intermediaire pour reacteur nucleaire a neutrons rapides |
EP0036347A1 (de) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-23 | COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel | Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Nuklear-Reaktor mit schnellen Neutronen |
EP0041452A2 (de) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-09 | STEIN INDUSTRIE Société anonyme dite: | Vorrichtung zum Verringern der thermischen Spannung in Wärmetauschern |
EP0041452A3 (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-16 | Stein Industrie Societe Anonyme Dite: | Device for the reduction of thermal stress in a heat exchanger |
WO2015173103A1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
US10408542B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2019-09-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2960987D1 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
US4305458A (en) | 1981-12-15 |
JPH0250398B2 (de) | 1990-11-02 |
ES481716A1 (es) | 1980-08-16 |
EP0006795B1 (de) | 1981-10-14 |
FR2429402A1 (fr) | 1980-01-18 |
JPS552999A (en) | 1980-01-10 |
FR2429402B1 (de) | 1981-11-20 |
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