EP0006795A1 - Intermediate heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor with fast neutrons - Google Patents
Intermediate heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor with fast neutrons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0006795A1 EP0006795A1 EP79400389A EP79400389A EP0006795A1 EP 0006795 A1 EP0006795 A1 EP 0006795A1 EP 79400389 A EP79400389 A EP 79400389A EP 79400389 A EP79400389 A EP 79400389A EP 0006795 A1 EP0006795 A1 EP 0006795A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- plies
- bracing elements
- internal
- exchanger according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
- F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
- F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
- F28F9/0133—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by concentric strips
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
- Y10S165/40—Shell enclosed conduit assembly
- Y10S165/401—Shell enclosed conduit assembly including tube support or shell-side flow director
- Y10S165/416—Extending transverse of shell, e.g. fin, baffle
- Y10S165/423—Bar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to reactors, in which the cooling of the core is ensured by continuous circulation of a liquid metal, usually sodium, contained inside a main tank in which the core is immersed, the calories acquired by the liquid metal passing through the latter in contact with the fuel assemblies being transferred to a secondary fluid, also sodium, internally traversing the tubes of an intermediate exchanger plunging into the tank, the liquid metal cooling the core playing the role of fluid primary circulating outside these tubes, in heat exchange relationship with the secondary fluid.
- the secondary fluid which is thus heated is then returned outside the reactor vessel to a generator capable of supplying pressurized steam directly under pressure in an electricity production installation.
- the present invention relates more particularly to an arrangement of the internal structure of such an intermediate exchanger, comprising, in known manner, a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates of horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse belts formed by horizontal bands carrying elements generally hollow bracing housed between the tubes of the plies and in contact with them, the intake and discharge manifolds of the secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold while the outer shell is extended upwards by an outlet conduit for the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation manifold after passage through the tubes, and inlet and outlet windows distributed around the axis of the outer shell for the inlet and outlet, in the vicinity of
- the primary fluid therefore penetrates transversely into the exchanger through the inlet windows, spreading in the space between the external and internal ferrules, in order to circulate after a first change of direction substantially. at 90 ° in contact with the beam tubes, the flow taking place over most of the length of these tubes against the current of the secondary fluid, the primary fluid undergoing a second change of direction again by 90 ° for s '' evacuate out of the exchanger through its outlet windows.
- the present invention aims to overcome this drawback, by ensuring a more homogeneous distribution of the hot primary fluid at the entrance into the exchanger through the bundle tubes, in particular between the layers of internal and external tubes.
- the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that the bundle of tubes comprises means capable of producing a greater supply in the region occupied by the tubes of the internal plies than in the region occupied by the tubes of the plies. external, said means creating, in the circulation of the primary fluid inside the exchanger, a variable pressure drop.
- the means for producing said supply consist of bracing elements integral with the bracing belts of the tubes, these elements being hollow or solid and defining at least two concentric zones with different head losses.
- the tubes of the bundle are distributed in at least two zones with, in the internal plies, a radial and / or circumferential pitch more reduced than in the external plies.
- the reference 1 designates as a whole, an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, intended to be mounted inside a tank (not shown) of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising in particular a transverse step 2 crossed by the body of the exchanger.
- This step delimits inside the tank, two regions, respectively 3 and 4, region 3 receiving the coolant metal leaving the reactor core, therefore having acquired calories in contact with the fuel assemblies, this sodium after passing through the intermediate exchanger 1 being collected under the step 2 in the region 4, at a significantly lower temperature, as a result of the heat exchange carried out in the exchanger with a secondary fluid.
- the primary and secondary fluids consist of liquid sodium.
- the exchanger 1 mainly consists of a cylindrical internal ferrule 5, with a vertical axis, and an external cylindrical ferrule 6, coaxial with the first, these two ferrules being joined, respectively in the vicinity of their upper and lower ends, by two horizontal tube plates 7 and 8. Between these plates 7 and 8, extend the tubes 9 of a bundle of straight tubes, within which circulates the secondary fluid exchanging calories with the primary fluid, itself even flowing in the exchanger outside the tubes 9. In the bundle, the tubes 9 are suitably braced between them to form cylindrical sheets, coaxial with the ferrules and in which the tubes are maintained at a spacing determined by l 'Intermediate transverse belts 10, the detail of which appears more clearly in the partial view of FIG. 2.
- the exchanger At its lower end, the exchanger has a bottom 11 which delimits with the tubular plate 8 an intake manifold 12 for the secondary fluid, brought into the exchanger by the interior. of the internal shroud 5, the latter having an open lower end 13.
- the secondary fluid thus admitted inside the manifold 12 flows into the tubes 9 of the bundle and it is finally collected in an upper manifold 14 delimited between the inner shroud 5 and an extension 15 of the outer shroud 6.
- the hot primary fluid in region 3 enters the interior of the intermediate exchanger through inlet windows 17, regularly distributed around the axis of the exchanger, in the outer shell 6. This primary fluid flows then from top to bottom in contact with the tubes 9 of the bundle over most of the length of the latter, against the current of the secondary fluid which passes inside these same tubes from bottom to top.
- the primary fluid flows out of the outer shell 6 through outlet windows 18, also regularly distributed around the axis of this shell.
- Fig. 2 illustrates in more detail the practical embodiment of the spacer belts 10, making it possible to maintain the tubes 9 of the bundle with a determined spacing, at the same time as ensuring protection of these tubes from vibrations due to circulation of the primary fluid.
- the belts 10 are in particular formed by means of horizontal bands 19 against which are welded elements of hollow tubes, such as 20 and 21.
- bracing elements which here consist of the tube elements 20 and 21 of the bracing belts 10 provided between the ferrules 5 and 6, are determined so that they have different lengths, in particular such that the hollow elements 20, of greater length, are arranged in the external plies of the bundle, while the elements 21 of shorter length are provided in the internal plies.
- the above solution can be improved, by making a greater number of zones, for example three or four comprising in each, hollow elements of different lengths, varying gradually from the external layers to the internal layers.
- the various concentric zones are produced by giving the horizontal cross section of the bracing elements bearing the general reference 30 of the shapes or contours suitable for creating different pressure drops, the pressure drop decreasing when going from the periphery towards the center.
- the bracing elements 30b are still portions of tubes of thickness e 2 greater than e 1, the tubes having the same outside diameter as the tubes 30a.
- the bracing elements 30c consist of solid rods whose outside diameter is equal to that of the tubes 30a and 30b.
- bracing elements 30d are formed by the association of a similar solid rod 30'd to the rod 30c and an extension 30 "d inserted between the exchange tubes 9.
- the elements 30d could have a cross section having another outline.
- the different zones could be defined only by portions of tubes (30a, 30b) of different thicknesses.
- the overfeeding of the regions occupied by the external plies on the one hand and the internal plies on the other hand can be obtained by shifting, according to the length of these tubes, the belts bracing 10, so that the bracing elements 22 which are fixed thereon, arranged in contact with these tubes, create in these plies a funneling effect, with the formation of a horizontal speed component in the flow of the primary fluid towards the center of the device, notably improving the supply of the internal layers.
- the elements 22 are hollow.
- each hollow element creates a localized pressure drop and that it is the progressive displacement of the hollow elements in the axial direction which achieves the funneling effect and therefore the horizontal component of the fluid flow speed.
- the tubes of the bundle are arranged in two zones, respectively 9a and 9b, where they have different radial and circumferential pitches, the tubes 9a in the vicinity of the internal ferrule 5 having smaller steps than the tubes 9b in the vicinity of the outer shell 6.
- the two preceding zones are separated by an internal skirt 23, coaxial with the ferrules 5 and 6. It can therefore be seen that in this embodiment, the best distribution of the fluid is obtained by creating different pressure drops in the same horizontal plane.
- the primary fluid is penetrated into the region of the tubes close to the inner shroud 5 and a more efficient heat exchange is obtained in said region.
- anti-vibration belts can also be placed in the latter, creating, as in the examples in FIGS. 1 and 4, differentiated pressure drops, in order to counterbalance the lower linear pressure drop due to the larger pitch of the tubes 9b.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Echangeur intermédiaire pour réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides comportant une virole interne (5) cylindrique à axe vertical, une virole externe (6) coaxiale à la virole interne (5), deux plaques à tubes annulaires (7, 8), un faisceau de tubes droits (9) s'étendant entre les plaques à tubes (7, 8) selon des nappes entretoisées mutuellement par des ceintures transversales (10), des collecteurs d'admission (12) et d'évacuation (14) d'un fluide secondaire, et des fenêtres d'entrée (17) et de sortie (18) réparties autour de l'axe de la virole externe (6) pour l'admission et l'évacuation, au voisinage des plaques à tubes (7, 8), d'un fluide primaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide secondaire. Le faisceau de tubes (9) comporte des moyens aptes à réaliser une alimentation plus importante dans la région occupée par les tubes des nappes internes que dans la région occupée par les tubes des nappes externes.Intermediate exchanger for a fast neutron nuclear reactor comprising a cylindrical internal shroud (5) with vertical axis, an external shroud (6) coaxial with the internal shroud (5), two annular tube plates (7, 8), a bundle of tubes straight (9) extending between the tube plates (7, 8) in mutually braced webs by transverse belts (10), intake (12) and evacuation (14) manifolds of a secondary fluid , and inlet (17) and outlet (18) windows distributed around the axis of the outer shell (6) for admission and evacuation, in the vicinity of the tube plates (7, 8), of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid. The bundle of tubes (9) comprises means capable of producing a greater supply in the region occupied by the tubes of the internal plies than in the region occupied by the tubes of the external plies.
Description
La présente invention se rapporte aux réacteurs, dans lesquels le refroidissement du coeur est assuré par circulation continue d'un métal liquide, habituellement du sodium, contenu à l'intérieur d'une cuve principale où est immergé le coeur, les calories acquises par le métal liquide à la traversée de ce dernier au contact des assemblages combustibles étant transférées à un fluide secondaire, également du sodium, parcourant intérieurement les tubes d'un échangeur intermédiaire plongeant dans la cuve, le métal liquide de refroidissement du coeur jouant le rôle de fluide primaire circulant à l'extérieur de ces tubes, en relation d'échange thermique avec le fluide secondaire. De façon connue, le fluide secondaire qui est ainsi échauffé, est ensuite renvoyé à l'extérieur de la cuve du réacteur vers un générateur apte à fournir de la vapeur d'eau sous pression directement détendue dans une installation de production d'électricité.The present invention relates to reactors, in which the cooling of the core is ensured by continuous circulation of a liquid metal, usually sodium, contained inside a main tank in which the core is immersed, the calories acquired by the liquid metal passing through the latter in contact with the fuel assemblies being transferred to a secondary fluid, also sodium, internally traversing the tubes of an intermediate exchanger plunging into the tank, the liquid metal cooling the core playing the role of fluid primary circulating outside these tubes, in heat exchange relationship with the secondary fluid. In known manner, the secondary fluid which is thus heated, is then returned outside the reactor vessel to a generator capable of supplying pressurized steam directly under pressure in an electricity production installation.
La présente invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à un aménagement de la structure interne d'un tel échangeur intermédiaire, comportant, de façon connue, une virole interne cylindrique à axe vertical, une virole externe coaxiale à la virole interne, deux plaques à tubes annulaires horizontales disposées au voisinage des extrémités supérieure et inférieure desdites viroles, un faisceau de tubes droits s'étendant entre les plaques à tubes selon des nappes cylindriques coaxiales aux viroles, ces nappes étant entretoisées mutuellement par des ceintures transversales formées de bandes horizontales portant des éléments d'entretoisement en général creux logés entre les tubes des nappes et en contact avec ceux-ci, des collecteurs d'admission et d'évacuation du fluide secondaire circulant à l'intérieur des tubes étant respectivement prévus sous la plaque inférieure et au-dessus de la plaque supérieure, la virole interne formant conduit d'amenée du fluide secondaire au collecteur d'admission tandis que la virole externe est prolongée vers le haut par un conduit de sortie du même fluide secondaire recueilli dans le collecteur d'évacuation après passage dans les tubes, et des fenêtres d'entrée et de sortie réparties autour de l'axe de la virole externe pour l'admission et l'évacuation, au voisinage des plaques à tubes d'un fluide primaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide secondaire à travers la paroi des tubes.The present invention relates more particularly to an arrangement of the internal structure of such an intermediate exchanger, comprising, in known manner, a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates of horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse belts formed by horizontal bands carrying elements generally hollow bracing housed between the tubes of the plies and in contact with them, the intake and discharge manifolds of the secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold while the outer shell is extended upwards by an outlet conduit for the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation manifold after passage through the tubes, and inlet and outlet windows distributed around the axis of the outer shell for the inlet and outlet, in the vicinity of the tube plates of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid through the wall of the tubes.
Dans une structure classique de ce genre, le fluide primaire pénètre donc transversalement dans l'échangeur par les fenêtres d'entrée, en se répandant dans l'espace compris entre les viroles externes et internes, afin de circuler après un premier changement de direction sensiblement à 90° au contact des tubes du faisceau, l'écoulement s'effectuant sur la majeure partie de la longueur de ces tubes à contre-courant du fluide secondaire, le fluide primaire subissant un second changement de direction à nouveau de 90° pour s'évacuer hors de l'échangeur par ses fenêtres de sortie.In a conventional structure of this kind, the primary fluid therefore penetrates transversely into the exchanger through the inlet windows, spreading in the space between the external and internal ferrules, in order to circulate after a first change of direction substantially. at 90 ° in contact with the beam tubes, the flow taking place over most of the length of these tubes against the current of the secondary fluid, the primary fluid undergoing a second change of direction again by 90 ° for s '' evacuate out of the exchanger through its outlet windows.
On conçoit dès lors aisément que, par suite de ce double changement de direction, on puisse constater un écart notable des températures du fluide secondaire à la sortie des tubes du faisceau dans le collecteur d'évacuation, les nappes cylindriques disposées au plus près de la virole interne laissant sortir un fluide secondaire plus froid que les tubes des nappes proches de la virole externe, l'échange de chaleur avec le fluide primaire ayant été dans ces dernières nappes internes moins efficace. Cet écart est notamment dû à une alimentation moins importante des tubes des nappes internes par le fluide primaire, en particulier au niveau des fenêtres d'entrée et de sortie. Il en résulte des dilatations différentielles importantes entre les viroles internes et externes, ce qui engendre des contraintes mécaniques élevées qui sont préjudiciables à la bonne tenue de l'échangeur.It is therefore easily understood that, as a result of this double change of direction, it is possible to note a significant difference in the temperatures of the secondary fluid at the outlet of the tubes of the bundle in the evacuation collector, the cylindrical layers arranged as close as possible to the internal shell leaving a secondary fluid cooler than the tubes of the layers close to the external shell, the heat exchange with the primary fluid having been in these latter internal layers less effective. This difference is notably due to a lower supply of the tubes of the internal plies by the primary fluid, in particular at the level of the entry and exit windows. This results in significant differential expansion between the internal and external ferrules, which generates high mechanical stresses which are detrimental to the good performance of the exchanger.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier cet inconvénient, en assurant une répartition plus homogène du fluide primaire chaud à l'entrée dans l'échangeur à travers les tubes du faisceau, notamment entre les nappes de tubes internes et externes.The present invention aims to overcome this drawback, by ensuring a more homogeneous distribution of the hot primary fluid at the entrance into the exchanger through the bundle tubes, in particular between the layers of internal and external tubes.
A cet effet, l'échangeur selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que le faisceau de tubes comporte des moyens aptes à réaliser une alimentation plus importante dans la région occupée par les tubes des nappes internes que dans la région occupée par les tubes des nappes externes, lesdits moyens créant, dans la circulation du fluide primaire à l'intérieur de l'échangeur, une perte de charge variable.To this end, the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that the bundle of tubes comprises means capable of producing a greater supply in the region occupied by the tubes of the internal plies than in the region occupied by the tubes of the plies. external, said means creating, in the circulation of the primary fluid inside the exchanger, a variable pressure drop.
Selon un premier mode de mise en oeuvre, les moyens pour réaliser ladite alimentation consistent dans des éléments d'entretoisement solidaires des ceintures d'entretoisement des tubes, ces éléments étant creux ou pleins et définissant au moins deux zones concentriques à pertes de charge différentes.According to a first embodiment, the means for producing said supply consist of bracing elements integral with the bracing belts of the tubes, these elements being hollow or solid and defining at least two concentric zones with different head losses.
Dans un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, les tubes du faisceau sont répartis selon au moins deux zones avec, dans les nappes internes, un pas radial et/ou circonférentiel plus réduit que dans les nappes externes.In another embodiment, the tubes of the bundle are distributed in at least two zones with, in the internal plies, a radial and / or circumferential pitch more reduced than in the external plies.
D'autres caractéristiques d'un échangeur intermédiaire pour réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides établies conformément à l'invention, apparaîtront encore à travers la description qui suit de plusieurs exemples de réalisation, donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- - la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un échangeur intermédiaire selon l'invention, conforme à un premier mode de réalisation,
- - la Fig. 2 est une vue de détail en perspective d'une des ceintures d'entretoisement des tubes de l'échangeur selon la Fig. 1,
- - la Fig. 3 est une vue en coupe de l'échangeur de la Fig. 1 selon la ligne III-III de cette dernière,
- - les Fig. 4 et 5 sont respectivement des demi-vues en coupe axiale, illustrant deux autres variantes de réalisation.
- - la Fig. 6 est une vue partielle en coupe horizontale d'un échangeur montrant un autre mode de réalisation des pertes de charge.
- - Fig. 1 is a schematic view in axial section of an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, in accordance with a first embodiment,
- - Fig. 2 is a detailed perspective view of one of the spacer belts for the tubes of the exchanger according to FIG. 1,
- - Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the exchanger of FIG. 1 along line III-III thereof,
- - Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively half-views in axial section, illustrating two other alternative embodiments.
- - Fig. 6 is a partial view in horizontal section of an exchanger showing another embodiment of the pressure drops.
On a repris sur ces figures des chiffres de référence identiques pour désigner des organes semblables de l'une à l'autre.Identical reference figures have been used in these figures to designate bodies which are similar from one to the other.
Sur la Fig. 1, la référence 1 désigne dans son ensemble, un échangeur intermédiaire selon l'invention, destiné à être monté à l'intérieur d'une cuve (non représentée) d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides, comportant notamment un redan transversal 2 traversé par le corps de l'échangeur. Ce redan délimite à l'intérieur de la cuve, deux régions, respectivement 3 et 4, la région 3 recevant le métal liquide de refroidissement sortant du coeur du réacteur, donc ayant acquis des calories au contact des assemblages combustibles, ce sodium après traversée de l'échangeur intermédiaire 1 étant recueilli sous le redan 2 dans la région 4, à une température nettement inférieure, par suite de l'échange thermique réalisé dans l'échangeur avec un fluide secondaire. De préférence, les fluides primaire et secondaire sont constitués par du sodium liquide.In Fig. 1, the reference 1 designates as a whole, an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, intended to be mounted inside a tank (not shown) of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising in particular a
L'échangeur 1 se compose principalement d'une virole interne cylindrique 5, à axe vertical, et d'une virole externe également cylindrique 6, coaxiale à la première,ces deux viroles étant réunies, respectivement au voisinage de leurs extrémités supérieure et inférieure, par deux plaques à tubes horizontales 7 et 8. Entre ces plaques 7 et 8, s'étendent les tubes 9 d'un faisceau de tubes droits, à l'intérieur desquels circule le fluide secondaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide primaire, lui-même s'écoulant dans l'échangeur à l'extérieur des tubes 9. Dans le faisceau, les tubes 9 sont convenablement entretoisés entre eux pour constituer des nappes cylindriques, coaxiales aux viroles et dans lesquelles les tubes sont maintenus à un écartement déterminé par l'intermédiaire de ceintures transversales 10 dont le détail apparaît plus clairement sur la vue partielle de la Fig. 2. A son extrémité inférieure, l'échangeur comporte un fond 11 qui délimite avec la plaque tubulaire 8 un collecteur d'admission 12 pour le fluide secondaire, amené dans l'échangeur par l'intérieur de la virole interne 5, cette dernière comportant une extrémité inférieure ouverte 13. Le fluide secondaire ainsi admis à l'intérieur du collecteur 12 s'écoule dans les tubes 9 du faisceau et il est finalement recueilli dans un collecteur supérieur 14 délimité entre la virole interne 5 et un prolongement 15 de la virole externe 6.The exchanger 1 mainly consists of a cylindrical
Le fluide primaire chaud dans la région 3 pénètre à l'intérieur de l'échangeur intermédiaire par des fenêtres d'entrée 17, régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe de l'échangeur, dans la virole externe 6. Ce fluide primaire s'écoule alors de haut en bas au contact des tubes 9 du faisceau sur la majeure partie de la longueur de ces derniers, à contre-courant du fluide secondaire qui passe a l'intérieur de ces mêmes tubes du bas vers le haut. A la sortie de l'échangeur, le fluide primaire s'écoule hors de la virole externe 6 par des fenêtres de sortie 18, également régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe de cette virole.The hot primary fluid in
La Fig. 2 illustre avec plus de détails la réalisation pratique des ceintures d'entretoisement 10, permettant de maintenir les tubes 9 du faisceau avec un écartement déterminé, en même temps que d'assurer une protection de ces tubes vis-à-vis des vibrations dues à la circulation du fluide primaire. A cet effet, les ceintures 10 sont notamment constituées au moyen de bandes horizontales 19 contre lesquelles sont soudés des éléments de tubes creux, tels que 20 et 21.Fig. 2 illustrates in more detail the practical embodiment of the
Selon l'invention et dans une première variante de réalisation,, précisément illustrée sur les Fig. 1 à 3, des éléments d'entretoisement qui sont constitués ici par les éléments de tubes 20 et 21 des ceintures d'entretoisement 10 prévues entre les viroles 5 et 6, sont déterminés de telle sorte qu'ils présentent des longueurs différentes, en particulier telles que les éléments creux 20, de plus grande longueur, soient disposés dans les nappes externes du faisceau, alors que les éléments 21 de plus petite longueur sont prévus dans les nappes internes.According to the invention and in a first alternative embodiment, precisely illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, bracing elements which here consist of the
Grâce à ces dispositions, on réalise en effet une suralimentation en fluide primaire des nappes internes dans la partie intermédiaire de l'échangeur, notamment dans la région où ce fluide primaire, après avoir pénétré transversalement par les fenêtres d'entrée 17 et avoir subi un premier changement de direction à 90°, s'écoule parallèlement à la direction des tubes à contre-courant du fluide secondaire à l'intérieur de ces derniers. Cette suralimentation ainsi créée entre les tubes 9 augmente sensiblement l'échange de chaleur pour les tubes concernés dans leur partie centrale et réalise un meilleur équilibre global dans l'échange thermique entre les différentes zones ou régions des tubes, notamment en permettant de rétablir à la sortie de ceux-ci dans le collecteur 14, une température à peu près uniforme.Thanks to these provisions, there is in fact a supercharging of primary fluid of the internal plies in the intermediate part of the exchanger, in particular in the region where this primary fluid, after having penetrated transversely through the
Bien entendu, la solution précédente peut être améliorée, en réalisant un plus grand nombre de zones par exemple trois ou quatre comportant dans chacune, des éléments creux de longueurs différentes, variant graduellement depuis les nappes externes vers les nappes internes.Of course, the above solution can be improved, by making a greater number of zones, for example three or four comprising in each, hollow elements of different lengths, varying gradually from the external layers to the internal layers.
Selon la variante de réalisation représentée sur la Fig. 6 les différentes zones concentriques sont réalisées en donnant à la section droite horizontale des éléments d'entretoisement portant la référence générale 30 des formes ou contours adequates pour créer des pertes de charge différentes, la perte de charge diminuant lorsqu'on va de la périphérie vers le centre. On trouve une première zone avec des éléments d'entretoisement 30a qui sont constitués par des portions de tubes d'épaisseur el. On trouve ensuite une deuxième zone dans laquelle les éléments d'entretoisement 30b sont encore des portions de tubes d'épaisseur e2 supérieure à e1 les tubes ayant même diamètre extérieur que les tubes 30a. Dans la troisième zone les éléments d'entretoisement 30c sont constitués par des tiges pleines dont le diamètre extérieur est égal à celui des tubes 30a et 30b.According to the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 6 the various concentric zones are produced by giving the horizontal cross section of the bracing elements bearing the general reference 30 of the shapes or contours suitable for creating different pressure drops, the pressure drop decreasing when going from the periphery towards the center. There is a first zone with
Enfin les éléments d'entretoisement 30d sont constitués par l'association d'une tige pleine 30'd semblable à la tige 30c et d'un prolongement 30"d s'insérant entre les tubes d'échange 9.Finally the
On voit qu'ainsi la perte de charge va en augmentant lorsqu'on passe de la zone centrale vers la zone périphérique.We can see that the pressure drop increases as we move from the central zone to the peripheral zone.
Bien entendu les éléments 30d pourraient avoir une section droite présentant un autre contour. De même les différentes zones pourraient être définies uniquement par des portions de tubes (30a, 30b) d'épaisseurs différentes. Enfin pour adapter la perte de charge dans chaque zone on peut jouer à la fois sur la longueur des éléments d'entretoisement et sur le contour de leur section droite horizontale.Of course the
Dans une autre variante de réalisation illustrée sur la Fig.4, la suralimentation des régions occupées par les nappes externes d'une part et les nappes internes d'autre part, peut être obtenue en décalant, selon la longueur de ces tubes, les ceintures d'entretoisement 10, de telle sorte que les éléments d'entretoisement 22 qui sont fixés sur celles-ci, disposés au contact de ces tubes, créent dans ces nappes un effet d'entonnoir, avec formation d'une composante de vitesse horizontale dans l'écoulement du fluide primaire en direction du centre de l'appareil, améliorant notablement l'alimentation des nappes internes. De préférence les éléments 22 sont creux.In another alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the overfeeding of the regions occupied by the external plies on the one hand and the internal plies on the other hand, can be obtained by shifting, according to the length of these tubes, the belts bracing 10, so that the
On comprend que chaque élément creux crée une perte de charge localisée et que c'est le décalage progressif des éléments creux selon la direction axiale qui réalise l'effet d'entonnoir et donc la composante horizontale de la vitesse d'écoulement du fluide.It is understood that each hollow element creates a localized pressure drop and that it is the progressive displacement of the hollow elements in the axial direction which achieves the funneling effect and therefore the horizontal component of the fluid flow speed.
Selon un deuxième mode de mise en oeuvre, illustré sur la Fig.5, les tubes du faisceau sont disposés selon deux zones, respectivement 9a et 9b, où ils présentent des pas radiaux et circonférentiels différents, les tubes 9a au voisinage de la virole interne 5 présentant des pas plus réduits que les tubes 9b au voisinage de la virole externe 6. Avantageusement, les deux zones précédentes sont séparées par une jupe interne 23, coaxiale aux viroles 5 et 6. On voit donc que dans ce mode de mise en oeuvre, la meilleure distribution du fluide est obtenue par création de pertes de charge différentes dans un même plan horizontal.According to a second embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, the tubes of the bundle are arranged in two zones, respectively 9a and 9b, where they have different radial and circumferential pitches, the tubes 9a in the vicinity of the
Dans ce mode de mise en oeuvre, on facilite la pénétration du fluide primaire dans la région des tubes pro- chesde la virole interne 5 et on obtient ainsi un échange de chaleur plus efficace dans ladite région.In this embodiment, the primary fluid is penetrated into the region of the tubes close to the
A noter que pour équilibrer les pertes de charge entre les deux zones, on peut également placer, dans ces dernières, des ceintures anti-vibratoires créant, comme dans les exemples des Fig. 1 et 4, des pertes de charge différenciées, afin de contrebalancer la perte de charge linéaire plus faible due au pas plus important des tubes 9b.Note that to balance the pressure drops between the two zones, anti-vibration belts can also be placed in the latter, creating, as in the examples in FIGS. 1 and 4, differentiated pressure drops, in order to counterbalance the lower linear pressure drop due to the larger pitch of the tubes 9b.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7818711 | 1978-06-22 | ||
FR7818711A FR2429402A1 (en) | 1978-06-22 | 1978-06-22 | INTERMEDIATE EXCHANGER FOR FAST NEUTRAL NUCLEAR REACTOR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0006795A1 true EP0006795A1 (en) | 1980-01-09 |
EP0006795B1 EP0006795B1 (en) | 1981-10-14 |
Family
ID=9209854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79400389A Expired EP0006795B1 (en) | 1978-06-22 | 1979-06-13 | Intermediate heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor with fast neutrons |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4305458A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0006795B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS552999A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2960987D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES481716A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2429402A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2477692A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | INTERMEDIATE EXCHANGER FOR FAST NEUTRON NUCLEAR REACTOR |
EP0041452A2 (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-09 | STEIN INDUSTRIE Société anonyme dite: | Device for the reduction of thermal stress in a heat exchanger |
WO2015173103A1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
Families Citing this family (15)
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DE3337236A1 (en) * | 1983-10-13 | 1985-04-25 | Mollerus, Alexander, 7128 Lauffen | LOCK FOR TUNNEL WASHING MACHINE |
JPH01118729A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1989-05-11 | Trguv Magnusson Harcon Jr | Spectroscopic analysis and spectrophotometer for sample |
DE3931685A1 (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-04-04 | Borsig Babcock Ag | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COOLING REACTION GAS |
AU6689094A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-29 | Noboru Soejima | Equipment for measuring body axis and method of regulating deviation of body axis |
US5894883A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-04-20 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Shell and tube heat exchanger |
US20080175951A1 (en) | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Rule David D | Methods, apparatuses and systems of fermentation |
CA2796487C (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2021-06-08 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited/Energie Atomique Du Canada Limitee | Pressure-tube reactor with pressurised moderator |
EP2561513B1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2019-04-10 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited | Pressure-tube reactor with coolant plenum |
EP3301683B1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2019-08-07 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique du Canada Limitée | A pressure-tube nuclear reactor with a low pressure moderator and fuel channel assembly |
EP2864987B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2017-09-27 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique du Canada Limitée | Fuel channel assembly and fuel bundle for a nuclear reactor |
US20170023305A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | General Electric Company | Steam generator having an integrated modular heat exchanger |
US11754349B2 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-09-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchanger |
CN111486740B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-09-28 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Heat exchanger and method of assembling the same |
US11802736B2 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2023-10-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Annular heat exchanger |
CN114608359B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-03-26 | 河南恒天久大实业有限公司 | Heat exchanger with composite tube plate |
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US3292691A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1966-12-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Tube spacing means |
FR2003749A1 (en) * | 1968-03-12 | 1969-11-14 | Deggendor Werft Eisenbau |
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US2505695A (en) * | 1945-09-22 | 1950-04-25 | Tech Studien Ag | Tube nest for heat exchangers |
CH493811A (en) * | 1967-09-06 | 1970-07-15 | Basf Ag | Heat exchange device |
JPS4819178U (en) * | 1971-07-12 | 1973-03-03 | ||
SE384914B (en) * | 1973-04-06 | 1976-05-24 | Stal Laval Apparat Ab | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR CONDENSATION OF ANGA (CONDENSER) |
US3916990A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-11-04 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Gas turbine regenerator |
JPS5147645A (en) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-04-23 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | TAKANSHIKINETSUKOKANKI |
JPS51124701A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-10-30 | Ibanobichi Sabin Nikorai | Multiple tube type heat exchanger |
-
1978
- 1978-06-22 FR FR7818711A patent/FR2429402A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-06-13 EP EP79400389A patent/EP0006795B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-13 DE DE7979400389T patent/DE2960987D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-15 US US06/049,487 patent/US4305458A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-06-20 ES ES481716A patent/ES481716A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-22 JP JP7898179A patent/JPS552999A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3292691A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1966-12-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Tube spacing means |
FR2003749A1 (en) * | 1968-03-12 | 1969-11-14 | Deggendor Werft Eisenbau |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2477692A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | INTERMEDIATE EXCHANGER FOR FAST NEUTRON NUCLEAR REACTOR |
EP0036347A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-23 | COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel | Intermediate heat exchanger for nuclear reactor with fast neutrons |
EP0041452A2 (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-09 | STEIN INDUSTRIE Société anonyme dite: | Device for the reduction of thermal stress in a heat exchanger |
EP0041452A3 (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-16 | Stein Industrie Societe Anonyme Dite: | Device for the reduction of thermal stress in a heat exchanger |
WO2015173103A1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
US10408542B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2019-09-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2960987D1 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
US4305458A (en) | 1981-12-15 |
JPH0250398B2 (en) | 1990-11-02 |
ES481716A1 (en) | 1980-08-16 |
EP0006795B1 (en) | 1981-10-14 |
FR2429402A1 (en) | 1980-01-18 |
JPS552999A (en) | 1980-01-10 |
FR2429402B1 (en) | 1981-11-20 |
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