EP0036347A1 - Intermediate heat exchanger for nuclear reactor with fast neutrons - Google Patents

Intermediate heat exchanger for nuclear reactor with fast neutrons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036347A1
EP0036347A1 EP81400280A EP81400280A EP0036347A1 EP 0036347 A1 EP0036347 A1 EP 0036347A1 EP 81400280 A EP81400280 A EP 81400280A EP 81400280 A EP81400280 A EP 81400280A EP 0036347 A1 EP0036347 A1 EP 0036347A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
plate
orifices
exchanger
secondary fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81400280A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036347B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Mathieu
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0036347A1 publication Critical patent/EP0036347A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0036347B1 publication Critical patent/EP0036347B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0133—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by concentric strips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fast neutron nuclear reactors, in which the cooling of the core is ensured by continuous circulation of a liquid metal, usually sodium, contained inside a main vessel where the core is immersed, the calories acquired by the liquid metal on crossing the latter in contact with the assemblies being transferred to a secondary fluid, also sodium, internally traversing the tubes of an intermediate exchanger plunging into the tank, the liquid metal cooling the core playing the role of primary fluid circulating outside these tubes, in heat exchange relationship with the secondary fluid.
  • the secondary fluid which is thus heated is then returned outside the reactor vessel to a generator capable of supplying pressurized steam directly under pressure in an electricity production installation.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to an arrangement of the internal structure of such an intermediate exchanger, comprising, in known manner, a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates of horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts formed by horizontal bands carrying cylindrical elements housed between the tubes of the sheets and in contact with them, the intake and discharge manifolds of the secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a duct supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold while the outer shell is extended upward by an outlet conduit for the same secondary fluid collected in the discharge manifold after passage through the tubes, and at least one window inlet and at least one outlet window provided in the outer shell for the admission and evacuation, in the vicinity of
  • the primary fluid therefore penetrates transversely into the exchanger through the inlet window, spreading in the space between the outer and inner ferrules, in order to circulate after a first change of direction substantially. at 90 ° in contact with the beam tubes, the flow taking place over most of the length of these tubes against the current of the secondary fluid, the primary fluid undergoing a second change of direction again by 90 ° for s '' evacuate out of the exchanger through the outlet window.
  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger in which a good radial distribution of the circulation of the primary fluid is obtained, thanks to the improvement of the supply of the exchanger with primary fluid.
  • the invention relates to an intermediate exchanger comprising a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates with horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates according to cylindrical sheets coaxial with the ferrules, these sheets being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts formed by horizontal bands carrying cylindrical elements housed between the tubes of the sheets and in contact with them, secondary fluid intake and discharge manifolds circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the manifold intake, while the outer shell is extended upward by an outlet duct tie of the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation collector after passage through the tubes, at least one inlet window and at least one outlet window provided in the outer shell for admission and evacuation, in the vicinity of the plates with tubes, of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid through the wall
  • said orifices are arranged exclusively around the tubes and have a diameter significantly greater than the external diameter of the tu bes, so that they simultaneously perform the two functions described above, namely the passage of the tubes and the circulation of part of the primary fluid.
  • the plate comprises a first series of orifices intended for the passage of the tubes, with a diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes and a second series of orifices arranged between the orifices for passage of the tubes and intended for the circulation of 'part of the primary fluid.
  • the diameter of the orifices in the first variant and the spacing and the diameter of the second series of orifices in the second variant can be variable in a radial direction of the exchanger, and they are determined according to the pressure drop that one wishes to create by means of the annular plate.
  • the fixing of the baffle plate can be carried out according to any one of the following two embodiments.
  • the exchanger is characterized in that said plate is fixed to one of said anti-vibration belts.
  • the exchanger is characterized in that said plate is fixed to radial support parts integral with tie rods arranged in a cylindrical ply coaxial with the ferrules.
  • the reference 1 designates as a whole, an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, intended to be mounted inside a tank (not shown) of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising in particular a step transverse 2 crossed by the body of the exchanger.
  • This step delimits inside the tank, two regions, respectively 3 and 4, region 3 receiving the coolant metal leaving the reactor core, therefore having acquired calories in contact with the assemblies, this sodium, after passing through the intermediate exchanger 1, being collected under the step 2 in the region 4, at a significantly lower temperature, as a result of the heat exchange carried out in the exchanger with a secondary fluid.
  • the primary and secondary fluids consist of liquid sodium.
  • the exchanger 1 is mainly composed of a cylindrical inner shell 5, with a vertical axis, and an also cylindrical outer shell 6, coaxial with the first, these two ferrules being joined, respectively in the vicinity of their upper and lower ends, by two horizontal tube plates 7 and 8. Between these plates 7 and 8, extend the tubes 9 of a bundle of straight tubes, within which circulates the secondary fluid exchanging calories with the primary fluid, itself even flowing in the exchanger outside the tubes 9. In the bundle, the tubes 9 are arranged in cylindrical layers, coaxial with the ferrules. The tubes 9 are held all along the beam by transverse anti-vibration belts 10a 10a to lO placed at regular intervals. We can see the detail of one of these belts in the partial view of Figure 2.
  • the exchanger At its lower end, the exchanger has a bottom 11 which defines with the tubular plate 8 an intake manifold 12 for the secondary fluid , brought into the exchanger by the interior of the internal ferrule 5, the latter comprising an open lower end 13.
  • the secondary fluid thus admitted inside the manifold 12 flows into the tubes 9 of the bundle and it is finally collected in an upper collector 14 delimited between the internal shell 5 and an extension 15 of the external shell 6.
  • the hot primary fluid in region 3 penetrates inside the intermediate exchanger, through at least one inlet window 17 formed in the outer shell 6. This primary fluid then flows from top to bottom in contact with the tubes 9 of the beam over most of the length of the latter, against the current of the secondary fluid which passes inside these same tubes from the bottom to the top. At the outlet of the exchanger, the primary fluid flows out of the outer shell 6 through at least one outlet window 18.
  • each anti-vibration transverse belt 10 is formed by concentric horizontal bands 19 onto which are welded elements of hollow tubes 20.
  • the invention consists in placing at the upper part of the heat exchanger a plate 22 forming a baffle occupying only a part of width e of the annular space comprised between the external envelope 6 and the internal shroud 5, this plate being delimited towards the axis of the exchanger by a circular internal rim 24.
  • the plate 22 is pierced with circular orifices 26 to allow the passage of the tubes 9, these orifices being of a diameter such that a space 28 is formed between the external wall of the tubes 9 and the edge of the orifice 26, in order to allow the passage of part of the flow of primary sodium entering the exchanger through the inlet window 17.
  • the radial distribution of the flow of the primary fluid can be adjusted by varying the diameter of the orifices 26.
  • the tubes occupying a central position which are referenced 9b do not pass through the plate 22.
  • the plate 22 comprises two series of orifices.
  • a first series of orifices 26 ' is intended, like the orifices 26 in the first variant, to allow the passage of the tubes 9.
  • these orifices 26' do not leave practically no space between their edge and the corresponding tube 9.
  • a second series of orifices 29, the spacing and diameter of which can be chosen at will, independently of the arrangement of the tubes, makes it possible to obtain the desired pressure drop value.
  • the fixing of the baffle plate can be carried out according to any one of the following two embodiments.
  • the plate 22 forming a baffle is fixed to the anti-vibration belt 10a, in such a way that this plate 22 is placed immediately below the entry window 17.
  • the baffle plate 22 is always placed immediately below the window upper inlet 17, but this plate is fixed directly to several radial support pieces 30 secured to tie rods 31 arranged coaxially around the internal ferrule 5.
  • an anti-vibration belt 10 ′ a can be placed opposite the entry window 17.
  • the presence of the baffle plate placed immediately below the inlet window, while ensuring good homogenization of the sodium flow rates in the current part of the exchange tubes, has two additional advantages.
  • the speed distribution is made uniform at the entry window, and the risks of vibration of the tubes are thus reduced.
  • the best primary sodium supply in the internal zone below the upper tube plate homogenizes the temperature of this plate more quickly during certain transient regimes such as an emergency stop for example.

Abstract

1. Intermediate heat exchanger comprising an inner cylindrical sheel (5) having a vertical axis, an outer shell (6) coaxial with the inner shell (5), two horizontal annular tube plates (7, 8) located near the upper and lower ends of said shells, a bundle of straight tubes (9) extending between the tube plates in cylindrical layers coaxial with the shells, said layers being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration girdles (10) formed by horizontal belts (19) carrying cylindrical elements (20) lodged between, and in contact with, the tubes (9) of the layers, inlet (12) and outlet manifolds (14) for a secondary fluid circulating within the tubes (9) being provided respectively below the lower plate (8) and above the upper plate (7), the inner shell (5) forming an inlet conduit to the inlet manifold for the secondary fluid while the outer shell (6) is upwardly prolonged as an outlet conduit (15) for the same fluid collected in the outlet manifold after passage through the tubes, at least one inlet port (17) and at least one outlet port (18), in the outer shell (6), and near the tube plates, for the input and output of a primary fluid in indirect heat exchange with the secondary fluid through the walls of tubes (9), characterized in that said exchanger comprises an horizontal annular plate (22) forming a baffle located immediately below said inlet port (17), and occupying only a part of the horizontal area of the space limited by said inner (5) and outer shells (6), said plate (22) having a plurality of orifices (26, 26', 29) intended, on the one hand, for the passage of tubes (9) of the bundle and, on the other hand, for the circulation of part of the primary fluid.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux réacteurs nucléaires à neutrons rapides, dans lesquels le refroidissement du coeur est assuré par circulation continue d'un métal liquide, habituellement du sodium, contenu à l'intérieur d'une cuve principale où est immergé le coeur, les calories acquises par le métal liquide à la traversée de ce dernier au contact des assemblages étant transférées à un fluide secondaire, également du sodium, parcourant intérieurement les tubes d'un échangeur intermédiaire plongeant dans la cuve, le métal liquide de refroidissement du coeur jouant le rôle de fluide primaire circulant à l'extérieur de ces tubes, en relation d'échange thermique avec le fluide secondaire. De façon connue, le fluide secondaire qui est ainsi échauffé, est ensuite renvoyé à l'extérieur de la cuve du réacteur vers un générateur apte à fournir de la vapeur d'eau sous pression directement détendue dans une installation de production d'électricité.The present invention relates to fast neutron nuclear reactors, in which the cooling of the core is ensured by continuous circulation of a liquid metal, usually sodium, contained inside a main vessel where the core is immersed, the calories acquired by the liquid metal on crossing the latter in contact with the assemblies being transferred to a secondary fluid, also sodium, internally traversing the tubes of an intermediate exchanger plunging into the tank, the liquid metal cooling the core playing the role of primary fluid circulating outside these tubes, in heat exchange relationship with the secondary fluid. In known manner, the secondary fluid which is thus heated, is then returned outside the reactor vessel to a generator capable of supplying pressurized steam directly under pressure in an electricity production installation.

La présente invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à un aménagement de la structure interne d'un tel échangeur intermédiaire, comportant, de façon connue, une virole interne cylindrique à axe vertical, une virole externe coaxiale à la virole interne, deux plaques à tubes annulaires horizontales disposées au voisinage des extrémités supérieure et inférieure desdites viroles, un faisceau de tubes droits s'étendant entre les plaques à tubes selon des nappes cylindriques coaxiales aux viroles, ces nappes étant entretoisées mutuellement par des ceintures transversales antivibratoires formées de bandes horizontales portant des éléments cylindriques logés entre les tubes des nappes et en contact avec ceux-ci, des collecteurs d'admission et d'évacuation du fluide secondaire circulant à l'intérieur des tubes étant respectivement prévus sous la plaque inférieure et au-dessus de la plaque supérieure, la virole interne formant conduit d'amenée du fluide secondaire au collecteur d'admission tandis que la virole externe est prolongée vers le haut par un conduit de sortie du même fluide secondaire recueilli dans le collecteur d'évacuation après passage dans les tubes, et au moins une fenêtre d'entrée et au moins une fenêtre de sortie prévues dans la virole externe pour l'admission et l'évacuation, au voisinage des plaques à tubes, d'un fluide primaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide secondaire à travers la paroi des tubes.The present invention relates more particularly to an arrangement of the internal structure of such an intermediate exchanger, comprising, in known manner, a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates of horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts formed by horizontal bands carrying cylindrical elements housed between the tubes of the sheets and in contact with them, the intake and discharge manifolds of the secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a duct supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold while the outer shell is extended upward by an outlet conduit for the same secondary fluid collected in the discharge manifold after passage through the tubes, and at least one window inlet and at least one outlet window provided in the outer shell for the admission and evacuation, in the vicinity of the tube plates, of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid through the wall of the tubes.

Dans une structure classique de ce genre, le fluide primaire pénètre donc transversalement dans l'échangeur par la fenêtre d'entrée, en se répandant dans l'espace compris entre les viroles externe et interne, afin de circuler après un premier changement de direction sensiblement à 90° au contact des tubes du faisceau, l'écoulement s'effectuant sur la majeure partie de la longueur de ces tubes à contre-courant du fluide secondaire, le fluide primaire subissant un second changement de direction à nouveau de 90° pour s'évacuer hors de l'échangeur par la fenêtre de sortie.In a conventional structure of this kind, the primary fluid therefore penetrates transversely into the exchanger through the inlet window, spreading in the space between the outer and inner ferrules, in order to circulate after a first change of direction substantially. at 90 ° in contact with the beam tubes, the flow taking place over most of the length of these tubes against the current of the secondary fluid, the primary fluid undergoing a second change of direction again by 90 ° for s '' evacuate out of the exchanger through the outlet window.

On conçoit dès lors aisément que, par suite de ce double changement de direction, on puisse constater un écart notable des températures du fluide secondaire à la sortie des tubes du faisceau dans le collecteur d'évacuation, les nappes cylindriques de tubes disposées au plus près de la virole interne laissant sortir un fluide secondaire plus froid que les nappes proches de la virole externe. Il en résulte une dilatation différentielle importante entre les viroles interne et externe, ce qui engendre des contraintes mécaniques élevées qui sont préjudiciables à la bonne tenue de l'échangeur.It is therefore easily understood that, as a result of this double change of direction, it is possible to note a significant difference in the temperatures of the secondary fluid at the outlet of the tubes of the bundle in the evacuation collector, the cylindrical layers of tubes arranged as close as possible of the internal shell leaving a secondary fluid cooler than the layers close to the external shell. This results in a significant differential expansion between the inner and outer ferrules, which generates high mechanical stresses which are detrimental to the good performance of the exchanger.

La présente invention a pour objet un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel on obtient une bonne répartition radiale de la.circulation du fluide primaire, grâce à l'amélioration de l'alimentation de l'échangeur en fluide primaire.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger in which a good radial distribution of the circulation of the primary fluid is obtained, thanks to the improvement of the supply of the exchanger with primary fluid.

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un échangeur intermédiaire comportant une virole interne cylindrique à axe vertical, une virole externe coaxiale à la virole interne, deux plaques à tubes annulaires horizontales disposées au voisinage des extrémités supérieure et inférieure desdites viroles, un faisceau de tubes droits s'étendant entre les plaques à tubes selon des nappes cylindriques coaxiales aux viroles, ces nappes étant entretoisées mutuellement par des ceintures transversales antivibratoires formées de bandes horizontales portant des éléments cylindriques logés entre les tubes des nappes et en contact avec ceux-ci, des collecteurs d'admission et d'évacuation d'un fluide secondaire circulant à l'intérieur des tubes étant respectivement prévus sous la plaque inférieure et au-dessus de la plaque supérieure, la virole interne formant conduit d'amenée du fluide secondaire au collecteur d'admission, tandis que la virole externe est prolongée vers le haut par un conduit de sortie du même fluide secondaire recueilli dans le collecteur d'évacuation après passage dans les tubes, au moins une fenêtre d'entrée et au moins une fenêtre de sortie prévues dans la virole externe pour l'admission et l'évacuation, au voisinage des plaques à tubes, d'un fluide primaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide secondaire à travers la paroi des tubes, caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur comprend une plaque horizontale annulaire formant chicane disposée immédiatement en-dessous de ladite fenêtre d'entrée, et n'occupant qu'une partie de la section horizontale de l'espace limité par lesdites viroles interne et externe, ladite plaque étant munie d'une pluralité d'orifices destinés, d'une part, au passage des tubes du faisceau et, d'autre part, à la circulation d'une partie du fluide primaire.More specifically, the invention relates to an intermediate exchanger comprising a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates with horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates according to cylindrical sheets coaxial with the ferrules, these sheets being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts formed by horizontal bands carrying cylindrical elements housed between the tubes of the sheets and in contact with them, secondary fluid intake and discharge manifolds circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the manifold intake, while the outer shell is extended upward by an outlet duct tie of the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation collector after passage through the tubes, at least one inlet window and at least one outlet window provided in the outer shell for admission and evacuation, in the vicinity of the plates with tubes, of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid through the wall of the tubes, characterized in that said exchanger comprises an annular horizontal plate forming a baffle disposed immediately below said inlet window, and n ' occupying only part of the horizontal section of the space limited by said internal and external ferrules, said plate being provided with a plurality of orifices intended, on the one hand, for the passage of the bundle tubes and, on the other part, to the circulation of part of the primary fluid.

Selon une première variante, lesdits orifices sont disposés exclusivement autour des tubes et ont un diamètre nettement supérieur au diamètre externe des tubes, de telle sorte qu'ils assurent simultanément les deux fonctions décrites ci-dessus, à savoir le passage des tubes et la circulation d'une partie du fluide primaire.According to a first variant, said orifices are arranged exclusively around the tubes and have a diameter significantly greater than the external diameter of the tu bes, so that they simultaneously perform the two functions described above, namely the passage of the tubes and the circulation of part of the primary fluid.

Selon une deuxième variante, la plaque comprend une première série d'orifices destinés au passage des tubes, de diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre externe des tubes et une deuxième série d'orifices disposés entre les orifices de passage des tubes et destinés à la circulation d'une partie du fluide primaire.According to a second variant, the plate comprises a first series of orifices intended for the passage of the tubes, with a diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes and a second series of orifices arranged between the orifices for passage of the tubes and intended for the circulation of 'part of the primary fluid.

Le diamètre des orifices dans la première variante et l'espacement et le diamètre de la deuxième série d'orifices dans la deuxième variante peuvent être variables selon une direction radiale de l'échangeur, et ils sont déterminés en fonction de la perte de charge que l'on désire créer au moyen de la plaque annulaire.The diameter of the orifices in the first variant and the spacing and the diameter of the second series of orifices in the second variant can be variable in a radial direction of the exchanger, and they are determined according to the pressure drop that one wishes to create by means of the annular plate.

Dans l'une et l'autre de ces deux variantes, la fixation de-la plaque formant chicane peut être effectuée selon l'un quelconque des deux modes de réalisation suivants.In either of these two variants, the fixing of the baffle plate can be carried out according to any one of the following two embodiments.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, l'échangeur se caractérise en ce que ladite plaque est fixée sur l'une desdites ceintures antivibratoires.According to a first embodiment, the exchanger is characterized in that said plate is fixed to one of said anti-vibration belts.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, l'échangeur se caractérise en ce que ladite plaque est fixée sur des pièces radiales de support solidaires de tirants disposés suivant une nappe cylindrique coaxiale aux viroles.According to a second embodiment, the exchanger is characterized in that said plate is fixed to radial support parts integral with tie rods arranged in a cylindrical ply coaxial with the ferrules.

De toute façon, l'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de plusieurs variantes et modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux figures annexées sur lesquelles on a représenté :

  • - sur la figure 1, une vue en coupe verticale d'un échangeur de chaleur comportant le système de répartition selon une première variante et un premier mode de réalisation ;
  • - sur la figure 2, une vue partielle en coupe selon le plan II-II de la figure 1, montrant une première variante de réalisation de l'échangeur,
  • - sur la figure 3, une vue partielle en coupe selon le plan II-II de la figure 1, montrant une deuxième variante de réalisation de l'échangeur, et
  • - sur la figure 4, une vue partielle en coupe verticale de la figure 1, mais montrant un second mode de réalisation du positionnement de la chicane.
In any case, the invention will be better understood on reading the following description of several variants and embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples. The description refers to the appended figures in which there is shown:
  • - In Figure 1, a vertical sectional view of a heat exchanger comprising the distribution system according to a first variant and a first embodiment;
  • in FIG. 2, a partial sectional view along the plane II-II of FIG. 1, showing a first alternative embodiment of the exchanger,
  • in FIG. 3, a partial sectional view along the plane II-II of FIG. 1, showing a second alternative embodiment of the exchanger, and
  • - In Figure 4, a partial view in vertical section of Figure 1, but showing a second embodiment of the positioning of the baffle.

Sur la figure l, la référence 1 désigne dans son ensemble, un échangeur intermédiaire selon l'invention, destiné à être monté à l'intérieur d'une cuve (non représentée) d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides, comportant notamment un redan transversal 2 traversé par le corps de l'échangeur. Ce redan délimite à l'intérieur de la cuve, deux régions, respectivement 3 et 4, la région 3 recevant le métal liquide de refroidissement sortant du coeur du réacteur, donc ayant acquis des calories au contact des assemblages, ce sodium, après traversée de l'échangeur intermédiaire 1, étant recueilli sous le redan 2 dans la région 4, à une température nettement inférieure, par suite de l'échange thermique réalisé dans l'échangeur avec un fluide secondaire. De préférence, les fluides primaire et secondaire sont constitués par du sodium liquide.In FIG. 1, the reference 1 designates as a whole, an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, intended to be mounted inside a tank (not shown) of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising in particular a step transverse 2 crossed by the body of the exchanger. This step delimits inside the tank, two regions, respectively 3 and 4, region 3 receiving the coolant metal leaving the reactor core, therefore having acquired calories in contact with the assemblies, this sodium, after passing through the intermediate exchanger 1, being collected under the step 2 in the region 4, at a significantly lower temperature, as a result of the heat exchange carried out in the exchanger with a secondary fluid. Preferably, the primary and secondary fluids consist of liquid sodium.

L'échangeur 1 se compose principalement d'une virole interne cylindrique 5, à axe vertical, et d'une enveloppe externe également cylindrique 6, coaxiale à la première, ces deux viroles étant réunies, respectivement au voisinage de leurs extrémités supérieure et inférieure, par deux plaques à tubes horizontales 7 et 8. Entre ces plaques 7 et 8, s'étendent les tubes 9 d'un faisceau de tubes droits, à l'intérieur desquels circule le fluide secondaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide primaire, lui-même s'écoulant dans l'échangeur à l'extérieur des tubes 9. Dans le faisceau, les tubes 9 sont disposés en nappes cylindriques, coaxiales aux viroles. Les tubes 9 sont maintenus tout le long du faisceau par des ceintures transversales 10 antivibratoires 10a à lOn placées à intervalles réguliers. On peut voir le détail de l'une de ces ceintures sur la vue partielle de la figure 2. A son extrémité inférieure, l'échangeur comporte un fond 11 qui délimite avec la plaque tubulaire 8 un collecteur d'admission 12 pour le fluide secondaire, amené dans l'échangeur par l'intérieur de la virole interne 5, cette dernière comportant une extrémité inférieure ouverte 13. Le fluide secondaire ainsi admis à l'intérieur du collecteur 12 s'écoule dans les tubes 9 du faisceau et il est finalement recueilli dans un collecteur supérieur 14 délimité entre la virole interne 5 et un prolongement 15 de la virole externe 6.The exchanger 1 is mainly composed of a cylindrical inner shell 5, with a vertical axis, and an also cylindrical outer shell 6, coaxial with the first, these two ferrules being joined, respectively in the vicinity of their upper and lower ends, by two horizontal tube plates 7 and 8. Between these plates 7 and 8, extend the tubes 9 of a bundle of straight tubes, within which circulates the secondary fluid exchanging calories with the primary fluid, itself even flowing in the exchanger outside the tubes 9. In the bundle, the tubes 9 are arranged in cylindrical layers, coaxial with the ferrules. The tubes 9 are held all along the beam by transverse anti-vibration belts 10a 10a to lO placed at regular intervals. We can see the detail of one of these belts in the partial view of Figure 2. At its lower end, the exchanger has a bottom 11 which defines with the tubular plate 8 an intake manifold 12 for the secondary fluid , brought into the exchanger by the interior of the internal ferrule 5, the latter comprising an open lower end 13. The secondary fluid thus admitted inside the manifold 12 flows into the tubes 9 of the bundle and it is finally collected in an upper collector 14 delimited between the internal shell 5 and an extension 15 of the external shell 6.

Le fluide primaire chaud dans la région 3 pénètre à l'intérieur de l'échangeur intermédiaire, par au moins une fenêtre d'entrée 17 formée dans la virole externe 6. Ce fluide primaire s'écoule alors de haut en bas au contact des tubes 9 du faisceau sur la majeure partie de la longueur de ces derniers, à contre-courant du fluide secondaire qui passe à l'intérieur de ces mêmes tubes du bas vers le haut. A la sortie de l'échangeur, le fluide primaire s'écoule hors de la virole externe 6 par au moins une fenêtre de sortie 18.The hot primary fluid in region 3 penetrates inside the intermediate exchanger, through at least one inlet window 17 formed in the outer shell 6. This primary fluid then flows from top to bottom in contact with the tubes 9 of the beam over most of the length of the latter, against the current of the secondary fluid which passes inside these same tubes from the bottom to the top. At the outlet of the exchanger, the primary fluid flows out of the outer shell 6 through at least one outlet window 18.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 2, chaque ceinture transversale antivibratoire 10 est constituée par des bandes horizontales concentriques 19 sur lesquelles sont soudés des éléments de tubes creux 20.As can be seen in FIG. 2, each anti-vibration transverse belt 10 is formed by concentric horizontal bands 19 onto which are welded elements of hollow tubes 20.

Comme on l'a déjà indiqué, l'invention consiste à disposer à la partie supérieure de l'échangeur de chaleur une plaque 22 formant chicane n'occupant qu'une partie de largeur e de l'espace annulaire compris entre l'enveloppe externe 6 et la virole interne 5, cette plaque étant délimitée vers l'axe de l'échangeur par un rebord interne circulaire 24.As already indicated, the invention consists in placing at the upper part of the heat exchanger a plate 22 forming a baffle occupying only a part of width e of the annular space comprised between the external envelope 6 and the internal shroud 5, this plate being delimited towards the axis of the exchanger by a circular internal rim 24.

Selon une première variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 2, la plaque 22 est percée d'orifices circulaires 26 pour permettre le passage des tubes 9, ces orifices étant d'un diamètre tel qu'un espace 28 est ménagé entre la paroi externe des tubes 9 et le bord de l'orifice 26, afin de permettre le passage d'une partie du débit de sodium primaire pénétrant dans l'échangeur par la fenêtre d'entrée 17. La distribution radiale de l'écoulement du fluide primaire peut être réglée en faisant varier le diamètre des orifices 26. En revanche, les tubes occupant une position centrale qui sont référencés 9b ne traversent pas la plaque 22.According to a first alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the plate 22 is pierced with circular orifices 26 to allow the passage of the tubes 9, these orifices being of a diameter such that a space 28 is formed between the external wall of the tubes 9 and the edge of the orifice 26, in order to allow the passage of part of the flow of primary sodium entering the exchanger through the inlet window 17. The radial distribution of the flow of the primary fluid can be adjusted by varying the diameter of the orifices 26. On the other hand, the tubes occupying a central position which are referenced 9b do not pass through the plate 22.

Selon une deuxième variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 3, la plaque 22 comprend deux séries d'orifices. Une première série d'orifices 26' est destinée, comme les orifices 26 dans la première variante, à permettre le passage des tubes 9. Cependant, à la différence de la première variante, et aux jeux de montage près, ces orifices 26' ne laissent pratiquement pas d'espace entre leur bord et le tube 9 correspondant. Une deuxième série d'orifices 29, dont on peut choisir à volonté, indépendamment de la disposition des tubes, l'espacement et le diamètre, permet d'obtenir la valeur de perte de charge désirée.According to a second alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the plate 22 comprises two series of orifices. A first series of orifices 26 'is intended, like the orifices 26 in the first variant, to allow the passage of the tubes 9. However, unlike the first variant, and apart from the mounting clearances, these orifices 26' do not leave practically no space between their edge and the corresponding tube 9. A second series of orifices 29, the spacing and diameter of which can be chosen at will, independently of the arrangement of the tubes, makes it possible to obtain the desired pressure drop value.

Pour chacune des deux variantes ci-dessus, la fixation de la plaque formant chicane peut être effectuée selon l'un quelconque des deux modes de réalisation suivants.For each of the two variants above, the fixing of the baffle plate can be carried out according to any one of the following two embodiments.

Selon le premier mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1, la plaque 22 formant chicane est fixée sur la ceinture antivibratoire 10a, de telle manière que cette plaque 22 soit disposée immédiatement en-dessous de la fenêtre d'entrée 17.According to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the plate 22 forming a baffle is fixed to the anti-vibration belt 10a, in such a way that this plate 22 is placed immediately below the entry window 17.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 4, la plaque formant chicane 22 est toujours disposée immédiatement en-dessous de la fenêtre d'entrée supérieure 17, mais cette plaque est fixée directement sur plusieurs pièces de support 30 radiales solidaires de tirants 31 disposés coaxialement autour de la virole interne 5.According to a second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the baffle plate 22 is always placed immediately below the window upper inlet 17, but this plate is fixed directly to several radial support pieces 30 secured to tie rods 31 arranged coaxially around the internal ferrule 5.

Dans les deux modes de réalisation décrits, une ceinture antivibratoire 10'a peut être disposée en regard de la fenêtre d'entrée 17.In the two embodiments described, an anti-vibration belt 10 ′ a can be placed opposite the entry window 17.

La présence de la plaque formant chicane disposée immédiatement en-dessous de la fenêtre d'entrée, tout en assurant une bonne homogénéisation des débits de sodium dans la partie courante des tubes d'échange, présente deux avantages supplémentaires. On uniformise la répartition des vitesses au niveau de la fenêtre d'entrée, et on diminue ainsi les risques de mise en vibrations des tubes. En outre, la meilleure alimentation en sodium primaire de la zone interne située en-dessous de la plaque tubulaire supérieure homogénise plus rapidement la température de cette plaque lors de certains régimes transitoires tels qu'un arrêt d'urgence par exemple.The presence of the baffle plate placed immediately below the inlet window, while ensuring good homogenization of the sodium flow rates in the current part of the exchange tubes, has two additional advantages. The speed distribution is made uniform at the entry window, and the risks of vibration of the tubes are thus reduced. In addition, the best primary sodium supply in the internal zone below the upper tube plate homogenizes the temperature of this plate more quickly during certain transient regimes such as an emergency stop for example.

Claims (7)

1. Echangeur intermédiaire comportant une virole interne cylindrique (5) à axe vertical, une virole externe (6) coaxiale à la virole interne (5), deux plaques à tubes annulaires horizontales (7, 8) disposées au voisinage des extrémités supérieure et inférieure desdites viroles, un faisceau de tubes droits (9) s'étendant entre les plaques à tubes selon des nappes cylindriques coaxiales aux viroles, ces nappes étant entretoisées mutuellement par des ceintures transversales antivibratoires (10) formées de bandes horizontales (19) portant des éléments cylindriques (20) logés entre les tubes (9) des nappes et en contact avec ceux-ci, des collecteurs d'admission (12) et d'évacuation (14) d'un fluide secondaire circulant à l'intérieur des tubes (9) étant respectivement prévus sous la plaque inférieure (8) et au-dessus de la plaque supérieure (7), la virole interne formant conduit d'amenée du fluide secondaire au collecteur d'admission tandis que la virole externe (6) est prolongée vers le haut par un conduit de sortie (15) du même fluide secondaire recueilli dans le collecteur d'évacuation après passage dans les tubes, au moins une fenêtre d'entrée (17) et au moins une fenêtre de sortie (18) prévues dans la virole externe (6) pour l'admission et l'évacuation, au voisinage des plaques à tubes, d'un fluide primaire échangeant des calories avec le fluide secondaire à travers la paroi des tubes (9), caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur comprend une plaque horizontale annulaire (22) formant chicane disposée immédiatement en-dessous de ladite fenêtre d'entrée (17), et n'occupant qu'une partie de la section horizontale de l'espace limité par lesdites viroles interne (5) et externe (6), ladite plaque (22) étant munie d'une pluralité d'orifices (26, 26', 29) destinés, d'une part, au passage des tubes (9) du faisceau et, d'autre part, à la circulation d'une partie du fluide primaire.1. Intermediate heat exchanger comprising a cylindrical internal ferrule (5) with vertical axis, an external ferrule (6) coaxial with the internal ferrule (5), two plates with horizontal annular tubes (7, 8) arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes (9) extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts (10) formed by horizontal bands (19) carrying elements cylindrical (20) housed between the tubes (9) of the layers and in contact with them, intake (12) and evacuation (14) manifolds of a secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes (9 ) being respectively provided under the lower plate (8) and above the upper plate (7), the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold while the external ferrule (6) is extended towards the hau t by an outlet duct (15) of the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation manifold after passage through the tubes, at least one inlet window (17) and at least one outlet window (18) provided in the shell external (6) for the admission and evacuation, in the vicinity of the tube plates, of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid through the wall of the tubes (9), characterized in that said exchanger comprises a horizontal annular plate (22) forming a baffle disposed immediately below said entry window (17), and occupying only part of the horizontal section of the space limited by said internal (5) and external ( 6), said plate (22) being provided with a plurality of orifices (26, 26 ', 29) intended, on the one hand, for the passage of the tubes (9) of the bundle and, on the other hand, for the circulation of part of the primary fluid. 2. Echangeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits orifices (26) sont disposés exclusivement autour des tubes (9) et ont un diamètre nettement supérieur au diamètre externe des tubes (9).2. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that said orifices (26) are arranged exclusively around the tubes (9) and have a diameter significantly greater than the external diameter of the tubes (9). 3. Echangeur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre des orifices (26) est variable selon une direction radiale de l'échangeur.3. Exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the diameter of the orifices (26) is variable in a radial direction of the exchanger. 4. Echangeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque (22) comprend une première série d'orifices (26') disposés autour des tubes (9) et ayant un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre externe des tubes (9) et une deuxième série d'orifices (29) disposés entre les orifices (26') de la première série.4. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that said plate (22) comprises a first series of orifices (26 ') arranged around the tubes (9) and having a diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes (9) and a second series of orifices (29) disposed between the orifices (26 ') of the first series. 5. Echangeur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'espacement et le diamètre des orifices (29) de la deuxième série sont variables selon une direction radiale de l'échangeur.5. Exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the spacing and the diameter of the orifices (29) of the second series are variable in a radial direction of the exchanger. 6. Echangeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque (22) est fixée sur l'une desdites ceintures transversales (10a).6. Exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said plate (22) is fixed to one of said transverse belts (10a). 7. Echangeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque (22) est fixée sur plusieurs pièces radiales de support (30) solidaires de tirants (31) disposés suivant une couronne coaxiale aux viroles (5, 6).7. Exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said plate (22) is fixed on several radial support parts (30) integral with tie rods (31) arranged in a ring coaxial with the ferrules (5, 6).
EP19810400280 1980-03-07 1981-02-23 Intermediate heat exchanger for nuclear reactor with fast neutrons Expired EP0036347B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8005172A FR2477692B1 (en) 1980-03-07 1980-03-07 INTERMEDIATE EXCHANGER FOR FAST NEUTRAL NUCLEAR REACTOR
FR8005172 1980-03-07

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EP0036347A1 true EP0036347A1 (en) 1981-09-23
EP0036347B1 EP0036347B1 (en) 1984-05-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0200652A1 (en) * 1985-05-03 1986-11-05 Novatome Heat exchanger with a straight tube bundle held transversely by spacing-grids, and its applications

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2060078A (en) * 1936-02-07 1936-11-10 James C Hobbs Heat exchanger
GB465750A (en) * 1935-11-15 1937-05-14 Serck Radiators Ltd Improvements relating to steam condensers, feed water heaters and other like heat interchanging apparatus
DE908028C (en) * 1948-11-03 1954-04-01 Hoechst Ag Process and column for material turnover and heat exchanger
FR2003749A1 (en) * 1968-03-12 1969-11-14 Deggendor Werft Eisenbau
DE2100664A1 (en) * 1971-01-08 1972-07-20 The Batteile Development Corp., Columbus, Ohio (V.StA.) Evaporator for refrigeration systems
EP0006795A1 (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-01-09 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Intermediate heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor with fast neutrons

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB465750A (en) * 1935-11-15 1937-05-14 Serck Radiators Ltd Improvements relating to steam condensers, feed water heaters and other like heat interchanging apparatus
US2060078A (en) * 1936-02-07 1936-11-10 James C Hobbs Heat exchanger
DE908028C (en) * 1948-11-03 1954-04-01 Hoechst Ag Process and column for material turnover and heat exchanger
FR2003749A1 (en) * 1968-03-12 1969-11-14 Deggendor Werft Eisenbau
DE2100664A1 (en) * 1971-01-08 1972-07-20 The Batteile Development Corp., Columbus, Ohio (V.StA.) Evaporator for refrigeration systems
EP0006795A1 (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-01-09 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Intermediate heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor with fast neutrons

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0200652A1 (en) * 1985-05-03 1986-11-05 Novatome Heat exchanger with a straight tube bundle held transversely by spacing-grids, and its applications
FR2581443A1 (en) * 1985-05-03 1986-11-07 Novatome HEAT EXCHANGER HAVING A STRAIGHT TUBE BEAM OF WHICH THE TRANSVERSE HOLD IS PROVIDED BY SPACED GRIDS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2477692A1 (en) 1981-09-11
FR2477692B1 (en) 1985-12-06
EP0036347B1 (en) 1984-05-16
DE3163568D1 (en) 1984-06-20

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