EP0006512A1 - Plastic lid closure for receptacles, especially for packaging purposes - Google Patents

Plastic lid closure for receptacles, especially for packaging purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0006512A1
EP0006512A1 EP79101847A EP79101847A EP0006512A1 EP 0006512 A1 EP0006512 A1 EP 0006512A1 EP 79101847 A EP79101847 A EP 79101847A EP 79101847 A EP79101847 A EP 79101847A EP 0006512 A1 EP0006512 A1 EP 0006512A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lid
closure according
cover
locking
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79101847A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0006512B1 (en
Inventor
Willy Lorscheid
Ludwig Wingen
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT79101847T priority Critical patent/ATE1664T1/en
Publication of EP0006512A1 publication Critical patent/EP0006512A1/en
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Publication of EP0006512B1 publication Critical patent/EP0006512B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
    • B65D47/0804—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
    • B65D47/0809—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage and elastically biased towards both the open and the closed positions
    • B65D47/0819—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage and elastically biased towards both the open and the closed positions by cam action, e.g. interacting protrusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/10—Details of hinged closures
    • B65D2251/1016—Means for locking the closure in closed position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lid closure made of plastic for containers, in particular for packaging purposes, consisting of a lid and a lid carrier, which are integrally connected via a film hinge, with an upstanding spring tongue and to produce a resilient folding action on the lid carrier Cover a cam or the like deflected transversely deflecting on the hinge side during the cover movement.
  • lid closures are used mainly in the packaging industry for closing small containers such as bottles, cans and. Like. Provided, which for receiving flowable products, such as in particular cosmetic products, household cleaning agents and detergents, pharmaceutical products and the like. Like., are determined.
  • the lid carrier consists of a plastic closure cap which can be plugged or screwed onto the container and which has a filling material outlet opening which, when the lid is closed, can be closed by a peg formed on it.
  • An axially projecting spring tongue is formed off-center on the cover carrier, which is bent out laterally during the opening and closing movement of the cover by the cam or the like rolling on it and supports the opening process and in particular the closing process of the cover in the final phase due to its spring restoring force .
  • the lid can be opened by about 180 °, being held in the open position by the spring tongue against unintentional pivoting back into the closed position.
  • the spring tongue can be made sufficiently thick-walled so that it does not lose its effect even with a long period of use.
  • the known plastic lid closure, to which the invention relates is characterized by simplicity and high functional reliability, the lid closure being able to be produced inexpensively using comparatively simple injection molding tools.
  • the object of the invention is to design the lid closure known from DE-GM 76 31 199 in a technically simple manner in such a way that extensive protection against unintentional or careless opening of the lid is achieved in particular by children.
  • the locking device or the child safety device should be designed with high functional reliability so that the entire lid lock can be produced as a one-piece, inexpensive injection molded part.
  • a locking device locking the cover in the closed position on the cover support is provided with an integrally formed locking member, the locking engagement of which by a transverse force acting on the cover or the cover support against an elastic restoring force is solvable.
  • the arrangement is such that for releasing the locking which forms the locking device, the lid is arranged movably on the lid carrier by means of the film hinge in such a way that the lid in the closed position is opposite its lid carrier against the elastic restoring force of the film hinge Slightly move the forming parts transversely to the lid and container axis. ; leaves to release the lock and thus to be able to fold up the lid.
  • the film hinge is expediently designed as a spring hinge which can be deformed elastically by the transverse movement of the cover, which can be achieved by a so-called undercut of the parts forming the film hinge.
  • the arrangement can also be such that the lid lock can be released by elastic transverse deformation of the wall of the lid carrier lying on the bolt side. It is advisable to dimension the thickness of the wall of the cover carrier on the latch side to be smaller than in the remaining peripheral region of the cover carrier.
  • the peripheral wall of the cover carrier is expediently separated locally from its top surface, so that the pressure surface receives sufficient elastic deformability for opening the lock. In the remaining circumferential area, however, the pressure surface expediently remains integrally connected to the circumferential wall of the cover carrier.
  • the lid lock is brought about by the closing movement of the lid, while the release of the lock is brought about by a releasing force which is directed transversely to the axis of the lid, the lid carrier and the container and, against an elastic restoring force, by either, as mentioned above the cover is displaced in the transverse direction with respect to the cover support or the peripheral wall of the cover support is formed on the locking side as a pressure surface which can be pressed inward elastically against the locking element.
  • the cover carrier can have a simple latch opening or the like on its upper side for the passage of the latch member, which is expediently approximately hook-shaped.
  • the lid carrier is advantageously of approximately cup-shaped design, with the latch opening on its head surface between the centrally arranged outlet opening and its outer circumference.
  • the lid carrier preferably consists of a closure cap which is connected to the container as a plug cap or screw cap. It is advisable, as is known, to form a pin on the underside of the lid which, when the lid is in the closed position, fits into the outlet opening of the container.
  • the said pin is expediently designed to be elastic so that it can follow the transverse displacement of the cover by elastic deformation.
  • the approximately cup-shaped cover carrier preferably has a recess having the upstanding spring tongue, so that the spring tongue lies on part of its length below the top of the cover carrier and, if it is of sufficient length, receives a relatively large elasticity.
  • the lid closure shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 consists of a circular lid 10 which is integrally connected to a cylindrical, pot-shaped lid carrier 11 via a film hinge 12.
  • the entire lid lock consists of a one-piece plastic injection molded part.
  • the film hinge 12 is formed from two parallel hinge strips, each of which has a cross-sectional taper 12a (FIG. 3) forming the actual hinge part.
  • the pot-shaped cover support 11 has on its head surface 13 on the hinge side a head recess 14 in which there is an axially projecting spring tongue 15 which, seen in the circumferential direction, lies between the two hinge parts of the film hinge 12.
  • the axis of the spring tongue 15 integrally formed on the cover carrier 11 runs parallel to the axis of the cover closure and the container.
  • the spring tongue 15 is opposite the circumference of the pot shaped lid support 11 offset radially inwards.
  • a cam 16 is formed in the hinge area, which cooperates with the upstanding spring tongue 15, as is known from DE-GM 76 31 199.
  • an axial inner sleeve 17 is formed in the center, which has the axial outlet opening 18 of the ] container, into which, in the closed state of the cover 10, a pin 19 integrally formed on the underside of said cover (Fig. 1).
  • the lid support 11 consists of a: cap which can be plugged or screwed onto the neck piece of a container (not shown), the neck piece having the container opening being able to sealingly surround the central inner sleeve 17 from below.
  • a latch opening 20 is arranged between the centrally arranged outlet opening 18 and the outer wall 21 of the lid carrier on the side opposite the hinge 12.
  • the lid 10 has on this side a downward, integrally molded hook-like locking member 22 which, when the lid is in the closed state, engages through the bolt opening 20 and, with its widened bolt head 23, engages behind the bolt surface 13 'of the lid carrier in a hook-like manner, so that, as shown in FIG. 1 recognizable, the lid 10 is locked in the closed position.
  • the cover 10 On the bolt side, the cover 10 has a circumferential indentation 24 in the region of the bolt member 22.
  • the film hinge 12 is designed as an undercut spring hinge.
  • the hinge tabs 12b which are integrally connected to the cover carrier 11 are formed by an approximately V-shaped incision 25 laterally separated from the cover carrier, so that these hinge parts form spring tabs which permit a transverse adjustment of the cover 10 in the direction of arrow R with respect to the cover carrier 11 with elastic deflection of the spring tabs 12b.
  • the peg-shaped closure member 19 on the cover 10 is designed to be correspondingly elastic so that it can follow the transverse adjustment of the cover, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 1 shows the cover 10 in the closed state, in which the cam 16 is in contact with the spring tongue 15 within a circumferential retraction.
  • the locking element 22 engages through the bolt opening 20 and locks the lid 10 on the lid carrier 11.
  • the lock In order to be able to open the lid, the lock must first be released. 2 that the cover 10 is pressed with the finger in the direction of arrow R so far that the lock on the hook-shaped locking head 23 is released.
  • This transverse displacement of the cover 10 takes place, as mentioned, against the elastic restoring force of the hinge tabs of the film hinge designed as spring tabs 12b, the pin 19 engaging in the outlet opening 18 following the transverse movement by elastic deformation.
  • the cover 10 After releasing the lock, the cover 10 can be folded up into the open position according to FIG. 3. At the.
  • the cylindrical peripheral wall 21 of the lid carrier 11 has on the side diametrically opposite the film hinge 12 a substantially smaller wall thickness than in the remaining peripheral area, as can be clearly seen from FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • a relatively thin, elastic, membrane-like pressure surface 21 ' is formed on the latch side of the cover carrier, which is elastically deformable in the direction of arrow R.
  • the peripheral wall 21 of the cover carrier 11, as indicated at 26, is separated from the head surface 13 of the cover carrier, while the pressure surface 21' is integrally connected to the wall 21 of the cover carrier in its remaining peripheral region.
  • the pressure surface 21 'formed by the thin, elastically deformable wall part, as shown in FIG. 5, is pressed inward by finger pressure, whereby the hook-shaped locking member 22 of the cover is pressed so far inward under elastic deformation, that the lid can now be folded up around the film hinge 12, the locking head 23 pushing through the locking opening 20.
  • the lid can then be folded into the open position shown in FIG. 6.
  • the film hinge need not be designed as a spring hinge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Abstract

A plastic lid closure assembly for containers, particularly for packaging purposes, comprising a lid and a lid carrier connected to one another by an integral web hinge, the lid carrier being formed with an upstanding resilient tongue and the lid being formed with a cam or the like adjacent the hinge and operative to transversely deform the resilient tongue on movement of the lid to produce a snap-up effect.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Deckelverschluß aus Kunststoff für Behälter, insbesondere für Verpackungszwecke, bestehend aus einem Deckel und einem Deckelträger, die über ein Filmscharnier einstückig verbunden sind, wobei zur Erzeugung einer federnden Klappwirkung am Deckelträger eine aufragende Federzunge und am Deckel ein bei der Deckelbewegung die Federzunge quer auslenkender Nocken od. dgl. an der Scharnierseite angeformt sind.The invention relates to a lid closure made of plastic for containers, in particular for packaging purposes, consisting of a lid and a lid carrier, which are integrally connected via a film hinge, with an upstanding spring tongue and to produce a resilient folding action on the lid carrier Cover a cam or the like deflected transversely deflecting on the hinge side during the cover movement.

Solche aus DE-GM 76 31 199 bekannten Deckelverschlüsse werden vor allem in der Verpackungsindustrie zum Verschluß von Kleinbehältern, wie Flaschen, Dosen u. dgl., vorgesehen, die zur Aufnahme fließfähiger Erzeugnisse, wie insbesondere kosmetischer Erzeugnisse, Haushaltsreinigungs- und Spülmittel, pharmazeutischer Erzeugnisse u. dgl.,bestimmt sind. Bei diesen bekannten ' Deckelverschlüssen besteht der Deckelträger aus einer auf den Behälter aufsteckbaren oder aufschraubbaren Kunststoff-Verschlußkappe, die eine Füllgut-Austrittsöffnung aufweist, welche im Schließzustand des Deckels von einem an ihm angeformten Zapfen verschlossen werden kann. An dem Deckelträger ist außermittig eine axial aufragende Federzunge angeformt, die bei der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung des Deckels von dem sich an ihr abwälzenden Nocken od. dgl. seitlich ausgebogen wird und aufgrund ihrer Federrückstellkraft den Öffnungsvorgang und insbesondere den Schließvorgang des Deckels in der Endphase unterstützt. Der Deckel kann, falls erwünscht, um etwa 180° aufgeklappt werden, wobei er in der Öffnungsstellung durch die Federzunge gegen unbeabsichtigtes Zurückschwenken in die Schließlage gehalten wird. Die Federzunge läßt sich hinreichend dickwandig ausbilden, so daß sie auch bei längerer Gebrauchszeit ihre Wirkung nicht verliert. Insgesamt zeichnet sich der bekannte Kunststoff-Deckelverschluß, auf welchen sich die Erfindung bezieht, durch Einfachheit und hohe Funktionssicherheit aus, wobei der Deckelverschluß mit vergleichsweise einfachen Spritzguß-Formwerkzeugen kostengünstig gefertigt werden kann.Such known from DE-GM 76 31 199 lid closures are used mainly in the packaging industry for closing small containers such as bottles, cans and. Like. Provided, which for receiving flowable products, such as in particular cosmetic products, household cleaning agents and detergents, pharmaceutical products and the like. Like., are determined. In these known ' lid closures, the lid carrier consists of a plastic closure cap which can be plugged or screwed onto the container and which has a filling material outlet opening which, when the lid is closed, can be closed by a peg formed on it. An axially projecting spring tongue is formed off-center on the cover carrier, which is bent out laterally during the opening and closing movement of the cover by the cam or the like rolling on it and supports the opening process and in particular the closing process of the cover in the final phase due to its spring restoring force . If desired, the lid can be opened by about 180 °, being held in the open position by the spring tongue against unintentional pivoting back into the closed position. The spring tongue can be made sufficiently thick-walled so that it does not lose its effect even with a long period of use. Overall, the known plastic lid closure, to which the invention relates, is characterized by simplicity and high functional reliability, the lid closure being able to be produced inexpensively using comparatively simple injection molding tools.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den aus DE-GM 76 31 199 bekannten Deckelverschluß in fertigungstechnisch einfacher Weise so auszubilden, daß ein weitgehender Schutz gegen unbeabsichtigtes oder unbedachtes öffnen des Deckels insbesondere durch Kinder erreicht wird. Dabei soll die Verschlußsicherung bzw. die Kindersicherung bei hoher Funktionssicherheit vorzugsweise so ausgebildet sein, daß der gesamte Deckelverschluß sich als einteiliges, billiges Spritzgußteil herstellen läßt.The object of the invention is to design the lid closure known from DE-GM 76 31 199 in a technically simple manner in such a way that extensive protection against unintentional or careless opening of the lid is achieved in particular by children. The locking device or the child safety device should be designed with high functional reliability so that the entire lid lock can be produced as a one-piece, inexpensive injection molded part.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß etwa an der dem Filmscharnier gegenüberliegenden Seite eineden Deckel in der Schließstellung am Deckelträger verriegelnde Riegelvorrichtung mit einem einstückig angeformten Riegelorgan vorgesehen ist, dessen Reigeleingriff durch eine in Querrichtung auf den Deckel oder den Deckelträger wirkende Lösekraft gegen eine elastische Rückstellkraft lösbar ist.This object is achieved in that, for example, on the side opposite the film hinge, a locking device locking the cover in the closed position on the cover support is provided with an integrally formed locking member, the locking engagement of which by a transverse force acting on the cover or the cover support against an elastic restoring force is solvable.

In bevorzugter Ausführung ist hierbei die Anordnung so getroffen, daß zum Lösen der die Verschlußsicherung bildenden Verriegelung der Deckel mittels des Filmscharniers in Querrichtung beweglich am Deckelträger angeordnet ist, derart, daß sich der in Schließstellung befindliche Deckel gegenüber seinem Deckelträger gegen die elastische Rückstellkraft der das Filmscharnier bildenden Teile quer zur-Deckel- und Behälterachse geringfügig verschieben.;läßt, um die Verriegelung zu lösen und damit den Deckel hochklappen zu können. Das Filmscharnier ist hierbei zweckmäßig als ein durch die Querbewegung des Deckels elastisch verformbares Federscharnier ausgebildet, was durch eine sogenannte Hinterschneidung der das Filmscharnier bildenden Teile erreichbar ist. Andererseits kann gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Anordnung aber auch so getroffen sein, daß die Deckelverriegelung durch elastische Querverformung der an der Riegelseite liegenden Wandung des Deckelträgers gelöst werden kann. Dabei empfiehlt es sich, die Dicke der Wandung des Deckelträgers an der Riegelseite geringer zu bemessen als im übrigen Umfangsbereich des Deckelträgers. Zur Bildung einer membranartigen elastischen Druckfläche an der Biegelseite wird die Umfangswandung des Deckelträgers zweckmäßig gegenüber dessen Kopffläche örtlich getrennt, so daß die Druckfläche eirefür das Öffnen der Verriegelung ausreichende elastische Verformbarkeit erhält. Im übrigen Umfangsbereich bleibt aber die Druckfläche zweckmäßig mit der Umfangswandung des Deckelträgers einstückig verbunden.In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement is such that for releasing the locking which forms the locking device, the lid is arranged movably on the lid carrier by means of the film hinge in such a way that the lid in the closed position is opposite its lid carrier against the elastic restoring force of the film hinge Slightly move the forming parts transversely to the lid and container axis. ; leaves to release the lock and thus to be able to fold up the lid. The film hinge is expediently designed as a spring hinge which can be deformed elastically by the transverse movement of the cover, which can be achieved by a so-called undercut of the parts forming the film hinge. On the other hand, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement can also be such that the lid lock can be released by elastic transverse deformation of the wall of the lid carrier lying on the bolt side. It is advisable to dimension the thickness of the wall of the cover carrier on the latch side to be smaller than in the remaining peripheral region of the cover carrier. To form a membrane-like elastic pressure surface on the bending side, the peripheral wall of the cover carrier is expediently separated locally from its top surface, so that the pressure surface receives sufficient elastic deformability for opening the lock. In the remaining circumferential area, however, the pressure surface expediently remains integrally connected to the circumferential wall of the cover carrier.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Deckelverschluß kommt die Deckelverriegelung durch die Schließbewegung des Deckels zustande, während das Lösen der Verriegelung durch eine quer zur Achse des Deckels, des Deckelträgers und des Behälters gerichtete, gegen eine elastische Rückstellkraft erfolgende Lösekraft bewirkt wird, indem, wie vorstehend erwähnt, entweder der Deckel.gegenüber dem Deckelträger in Querrichtung verschoben oder die Umfangswandung des Deckelträgers an der Riegelseite als eine elastisch nach innen gegen das Riegelorgan drückbare Druckfläche ausgebildet wird. Diese Ausgestaltungen des Deckelverschlusses ermöglichen eine zuverlässige und funktionssichere Verschlußsicherung des Deckels bei insgesamt einfachem Aufbau der Riegelvorrichtung und des gesamten Deckelverschlusses, der sich daher als billiges Spritzgußteil herstellen läßt. Die Verriegelung kann verdeckt und unsichtbar unter dem geschlossenen Deckel angeordnet werden. Das Lösen der Verriegelung und das Öffnen des Klappdeckels lassen sich auch nur mit einer Hand durch Fingerbetätigung bewerkstelligen.In the case of the lid closure according to the invention, the lid lock is brought about by the closing movement of the lid, while the release of the lock is brought about by a releasing force which is directed transversely to the axis of the lid, the lid carrier and the container and, against an elastic restoring force, by either, as mentioned above the cover is displaced in the transverse direction with respect to the cover support or the peripheral wall of the cover support is formed on the locking side as a pressure surface which can be pressed inward elastically against the locking element. These configurations of the lid closure enable reliable and functionally secure locking of the lid with an overall simple construction of the locking device and the entire lid closure, which can therefore be manufactured as a cheap injection molded part. The lock can be hidden and hidden under the closed lid. The release of the lock and the opening of the hinged lid can also be done with just one hand accomplish by finger actuation.

Es empfiehlt sich, das Riegelorgan am Deckel einstükkig anzubringen. Der Deckelträger kann hierbei an seiner Oberseite eine einfache Riegelöffnung od. dgl. für den Durchgriff des Riegelorgans erhalten, welches zweckmäßig etwa hakenförmig ausgebildet wird. Der Deckelträger wird vorteilhafterweise etwa topfförmig ausgebildet, wobei er an seiner Kopffläche zwischen der mittig angeordneten Auslaßöffnung und seinem Außenumfang die Riegelöffnung aufweist. Wie üblich, besteht der Deckelträger vorzugsweise aus einer Verschlußkappe, die als Steckkappe oder Schraubkappe mit dem Behälter verbunden wird. Es empfiehlt sich, an der Deckelunterseite, wie bekannt, einen:Zapfen anzuformen, der in der Schließstellung des Deckels in die Auslaßöffnung des Behälters einfaßt. Wird die Verschlußsicherung so ausgebildet, daß zum Lösen der Verriegelung der Deckel gegenüber dem Deckelträger in Querrichtung verstellt werden muß, so wird der genannte Zapfen zweckmäßig elastisch ausgebildet, so daß er der Querverschiebung des Deckels durch elastische Verformung folgen kann. Zur Erleichterung der Öffnungsbewegung des Deckels kann es zweckmäßig sein, an der Riegelseite des Deckels eine Umfangseinziehung vorzusehen. Ferner empfiehlt es sich, am Boden des topfförmigen Deckelträgers eine zentrale axiale Innenhülse anzuformen, in welche das die Ausgießöffnung aufweisende Halsstück des Behälters einfassen kann. An der Scharnierseite weist der etwa topfförmige Deckelträger vorzugsweise eine die aufragende Federzunge aufweisende Einziehung auf, so daß die Federzunge auf einem Teil ihrer Länge unterhalb der Oberseite des Deckelträgers liegt und bei ausreichender Länge eine verhältnismäßig große Elastizität erhält.It is advisable to attach the locking element to the lid in one piece. The cover carrier can have a simple latch opening or the like on its upper side for the passage of the latch member, which is expediently approximately hook-shaped. The lid carrier is advantageously of approximately cup-shaped design, with the latch opening on its head surface between the centrally arranged outlet opening and its outer circumference. As usual, the lid carrier preferably consists of a closure cap which is connected to the container as a plug cap or screw cap. It is advisable, as is known, to form a pin on the underside of the lid which, when the lid is in the closed position, fits into the outlet opening of the container. If the locking device is designed in such a way that the cover must be adjusted in the transverse direction in order to release the lock relative to the cover carrier, the said pin is expediently designed to be elastic so that it can follow the transverse displacement of the cover by elastic deformation. To facilitate the opening movement of the lid, it may be appropriate to provide a circumferential indentation on the latch side of the lid. Furthermore, it is advisable to form a central axial inner sleeve on the bottom of the pot-shaped cover carrier, into which the neck piece of the container which has the pouring opening can surround. On the hinge side, the approximately cup-shaped cover carrier preferably has a recess having the upstanding spring tongue, so that the spring tongue lies on part of its length below the top of the cover carrier and, if it is of sufficient length, receives a relatively large elasticity.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 im Axialschnitt einen erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoff-Deckelverschluß bei geschlossenem und verriegeltem Deckel;
  • Fig. 2 den Deckelverschluß gemäß Fig. 1 im Axialschnitt bei entriegeltem Deckel;
  • Fig. 3 den Deckelverschluß nach den Fig. 1 und 2 im Axialschnitt bei geöffnetem Deckel;
  • Fig. 4 bis 6 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der der Erfindung im Axialschnitt in den verschiedenen Deckelpositionen.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. It shows:
  • Figure 1 is an axial section of a plastic lid closure according to the invention with the lid closed and locked.
  • Fig. 2 shows the lid closure of Figure 1 in axial section with the lid unlocked.
  • 3 shows the lid closure according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in axial section with the lid open;
  • 4 to 6, a second embodiment of the invention in axial section in the different cover positions.

Der in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellte Deckelverschluß besteht aus einem kreisrunden Deckel 10, der mit einem zylindrischen, topfförmigen Deckelträger 11 über ein Filmscharnier 12 einstückig verbunden ist. Der gesamte Deckelverschluß besteht aus einem einstückigen Kunststoff-Spritzgußteil. Das Filmscharnier 12 wird, wie aus DE-GM 76 31 199 bekannt, aus zwei parallelen Scharnierstreifen gebildet, welche jeweils eine das eigentliche Scharnierteil bildende Querschnittsverjüngung 12a (Fig. 3) aufweisen.The lid closure shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 consists of a circular lid 10 which is integrally connected to a cylindrical, pot-shaped lid carrier 11 via a film hinge 12. The entire lid lock consists of a one-piece plastic injection molded part. As known from DE-GM 76 31 199, the film hinge 12 is formed from two parallel hinge strips, each of which has a cross-sectional taper 12a (FIG. 3) forming the actual hinge part.

Der topfförmige Deckelträger 11 weist an seiner Kopffläche 13 auf der Scharniersei-te eine Kopfeinziehung 14 auf, in welcher sich eine axial aufragende Federzunge 15 befindet, die, in Umfangsrichtung gesehen, zwischen den beiden Scharnierteilen des Filmscharniers 12 liegt. Die Achse der einstückig am Deckelträger 11 angeformten Federzunge 15 verläuft parallel zur Achse des Deckelverschlusses und des Behälters. Die Federzunge 15 ist gegenüber der Umfangsbegrenzung des topfförmigen Deckelträgers 11 radial nach innen versetzt. An der Unterseite des Deckels 10 ist im Scharnierbereich ein Nocken 16 angeformt, der mit der aufragenden Federzunge 15 zusammenwirkt, wie dies aus DE-GM 76 31 199 bekannt ist.The pot-shaped cover support 11 has on its head surface 13 on the hinge side a head recess 14 in which there is an axially projecting spring tongue 15 which, seen in the circumferential direction, lies between the two hinge parts of the film hinge 12. The axis of the spring tongue 15 integrally formed on the cover carrier 11 runs parallel to the axis of the cover closure and the container. The spring tongue 15 is opposite the circumference of the pot shaped lid support 11 offset radially inwards. On the underside of the cover 10, a cam 16 is formed in the hinge area, which cooperates with the upstanding spring tongue 15, as is known from DE-GM 76 31 199.

An der den Topfboden bildenden Kopffläche 13 des Dekkelträgers 11 ist mittig eine axiale Innenhülse 17 angeformt, welche die axiale Auslaßöffnung 18 des ] Behälters aufweist, in die im Schließzustand des Deckels 10 ein an dessen Unterseite angeformter Zapfen 19 dichtend einfaßt (Fig. 1). Der Deckelträger 11 besteht aus einer:Kappe, die auf das Halsstück eines (nicht dargestellten) Behälters aufsteckbar oder aufschraubbar ist, wobei das die Behälteröffnung aufweisende Halsstück von unten in die zentrale Innenhülse 17 dichtend einfassen kann.On the head surface 13 of the lid support 11 forming the pot bottom, an axial inner sleeve 17 is formed in the center, which has the axial outlet opening 18 of the ] container, into which, in the closed state of the cover 10, a pin 19 integrally formed on the underside of said cover (Fig. 1). The lid support 11 consists of a: cap which can be plugged or screwed onto the neck piece of a container (not shown), the neck piece having the container opening being able to sealingly surround the central inner sleeve 17 from below.

An der Kopffläche 13 des Deckelträgers 11 ist auf der dem Scharnier 12 gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Riegelöffnung 20 zwischen der mittig angeordneten Auslaßöffnung 18 und der Außenwandung 21 des Deckelträgers angeordnet. Der Deckel 10 weist an dieser Seite ein nach unten gerichtetes, einstückig angeformtes hakenartiges Riegelorgan 22 auf, welches im Schließzustrand des Deckels die Riegelöffnung 20 durchfaßt und mit seinem verbreiterten Riegelkopf 23 die Riegelfläche 13' des Deckelträgers hakenartig hinterfaßt, so daß, wie aus Fig. 1 erkennbar, der Deckel 10 in der Schließstellung verriegelt ist. An der Riegelseite weist der Deckel 10 im Bereich des Riegelorgans 22 eine Umfangseinziehung 24 auf.On the head surface 13 of the lid carrier 11, a latch opening 20 is arranged between the centrally arranged outlet opening 18 and the outer wall 21 of the lid carrier on the side opposite the hinge 12. The lid 10 has on this side a downward, integrally molded hook-like locking member 22 which, when the lid is in the closed state, engages through the bolt opening 20 and, with its widened bolt head 23, engages behind the bolt surface 13 'of the lid carrier in a hook-like manner, so that, as shown in FIG. 1 recognizable, the lid 10 is locked in the closed position. On the bolt side, the cover 10 has a circumferential indentation 24 in the region of the bolt member 22.

Das Filmscharnier 12 ist als hinterschnittenes Federscharnier ausgebildet. Zu diesem Zweck sind die mit dem Deckelträger 11 einstückig verbundenen Scharnierlappen 12b durch einen etwa V-förmigen Einschnitt 25 gegenüber dem Deckelträger seitlich getrennt, so daß diese Scharnierteile Federlappen bilden, die eine Querverstellung des Deckels 10 in Pfeilrichtung R gegenüber dem Deckelträger 11 unter elastischer Auslenkung der Federlappen 12b zulassen. Das zapfenförmige Verschlußorgan 19 am Deckel 10 ist entsprechend elastisch ausgebildet, so daß es der Querverstellung des Deckels zu folgen vermag, wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht.The film hinge 12 is designed as an undercut spring hinge. For this purpose, the hinge tabs 12b which are integrally connected to the cover carrier 11 are formed by an approximately V-shaped incision 25 laterally separated from the cover carrier, so that these hinge parts form spring tabs which permit a transverse adjustment of the cover 10 in the direction of arrow R with respect to the cover carrier 11 with elastic deflection of the spring tabs 12b. The peg-shaped closure member 19 on the cover 10 is designed to be correspondingly elastic so that it can follow the transverse adjustment of the cover, as can be seen in FIG. 2.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Deckel 10 im Schließzustand, in welchem sich der Nocken 16 innerhalb einer Umfangseinziehung in Anlage an der Federzunge 15 befindet. Das Reigelorgan 22 durchfaßt die Riegelöffnung 20 und verriegelt den Deckel 10 an dem Deckelträger 11. Um den Deckel öffnen zu können, muß zuvor die Verriegelung gelöst werden. Dies geschieht gemäß Fig. 2 dadurch, daß der Deckel 10 mit dem Finger in Pfeilrichtung R so weit gedrückt wird, daß die Verriegelung an dem hakenförmigen Riegelkopf 23 aufgehoben wird. Diese Querverschiebung des Deckels 10 erfolgt, wie erwähnt, gegen die elastische Rückstellkraft der als Federlappen 12b ausgebildeten Scharnierlappen des Filmscharniers, wobei der in die Auslaßöffnung 18 einfassende Zapfen 19 der Querbewegung durch elastische Verformung folgt. Nach dem Lösen der Verriegelung kann der Deckel 10 in die Öffnungsstellung gemäß Fig. 3 hochgeklappt werden. Beim. Hochklappen des Deckels 10 wälzt sich der Nocken 16 mit seiner freien Stirnkante an der Federzunge 15 ab, wodurch diese seitlich ausgebogen wird, wie dies bekannt ist. Beim Schließen des Deckels 10 wird die Deckelverriegelung selbsttätig hergestellt, da sich das Riegelorgan 22 hierbei durch die Riegelöffnung 20 schiebt und durch die Federkraft des als Federscharnier ausgebildeten Filmscharniers in die Riegelstellung gebracht wird. Der in den Fig. 4 bis 6 dargestellte Deckelverschluß entspricht weitgehend demjenigen nach den Fig. 1 bis 3. Übereinstimmende Teile sind daher mit denselben Bezugszeichen belegt worden. Unterschiedlich ist lediglich die für das Lösen der Deckelverriegelung bestimmte Vorrichtung. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Verriegelung durch elastische Querverformung der an der Riegelseite liegenden Wandung 21' des topfförmigen Deckelträgers 11 gelöst. Die zylindrische Umfangswandung 21 des Deckelträgers 11 weist an der dem Filmscharnier 12 diametral gegenüberliegenden Seite eine wesentlich geringere Wandstärke auf als im übrigen Umfangsbereich, wie aus den Fig. 4 bis 6 deutlich zu erkennen ist. Infolgedessen wird an der Riegelseite des Deckelträgers hier eine verhältnismäßig dünne, elastische, membranartige Druckfläche 21' gebildet, die in Pfeilrichtung R elastisch verformbar ist. Zur Erhöhung der Elastizität der Druckfläche 21' ist die Umfangswandung 21 des Deckelträgers 11, wie bei 26 angegeben, gegenüber der Kopffläche 13 des Deckelträgers getrennt, während die Druckfläche 21' in ihrem übrigen Umfangsbereich mit der Wandung 21 des Deckelträgers einstückig verbunden ist.Fig. 1 shows the cover 10 in the closed state, in which the cam 16 is in contact with the spring tongue 15 within a circumferential retraction. The locking element 22 engages through the bolt opening 20 and locks the lid 10 on the lid carrier 11. In order to be able to open the lid, the lock must first be released. 2 that the cover 10 is pressed with the finger in the direction of arrow R so far that the lock on the hook-shaped locking head 23 is released. This transverse displacement of the cover 10 takes place, as mentioned, against the elastic restoring force of the hinge tabs of the film hinge designed as spring tabs 12b, the pin 19 engaging in the outlet opening 18 following the transverse movement by elastic deformation. After releasing the lock, the cover 10 can be folded up into the open position according to FIG. 3. At the. Folding up the cover 10, the cam 16 rolls with its free end edge on the spring tongue 15, as a result of which the latter is bent out laterally, as is known. When the lid 10 is closed, the lid lock is produced automatically, since the locking member 22 pushes through the locking opening 20 and is brought into the locking position by the spring force of the film hinge designed as a spring hinge. The lid closure shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 largely corresponds to that according to FIGS. 1 to 3. Corresponding parts have therefore been given the same reference numerals. The only difference is the device intended for releasing the lid lock. In this embodiment, the locking is released by elastic transverse deformation of the wall 21 'of the pot-shaped cover carrier 11 lying on the bolt side. The cylindrical peripheral wall 21 of the lid carrier 11 has on the side diametrically opposite the film hinge 12 a substantially smaller wall thickness than in the remaining peripheral area, as can be clearly seen from FIGS. 4 to 6. As a result, a relatively thin, elastic, membrane-like pressure surface 21 'is formed on the latch side of the cover carrier, which is elastically deformable in the direction of arrow R. In order to increase the elasticity of the pressure surface 21 ', the peripheral wall 21 of the cover carrier 11, as indicated at 26, is separated from the head surface 13 of the cover carrier, while the pressure surface 21' is integrally connected to the wall 21 of the cover carrier in its remaining peripheral region.

Um die Deckelsicherung zu lösen, wird die von dem dünnen, elastisch verformbaren Wandungsteil gebildete Druckfläche 21', wie in Fig. 5 gezeigt, durch Fingerdruck nach innen gedrückt, wodurch das hakenförmige Riegelorgan 22 des Deckels unter elastischer Verformung so weit nach innen gedrückt wird, daß nun der Deckel um das Filmscharnier 12 nach oben geklappt werden kann, wobei der Riegelkopf 23 sich durch die Riegelöffnung 20 hindurchschiebt. Der Deckel kann dann in die Öffnungsstellung gemäß Fig. 6 geklappt werden. Die Druckfläche 21' und das Riegelorgan 22 stellen sich elastisch in die Ausgangslage zurück. Beim Zuklappen des Deckels wird die Verriegelung selbsttätig wieder hergstellt. Es versteht sich, daß bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 4 bis 6 das Filmscharnier nicht als Federscharnier ausgebildet zu sein braucht.In order to release the cover securing, the pressure surface 21 'formed by the thin, elastically deformable wall part, as shown in FIG. 5, is pressed inward by finger pressure, whereby the hook-shaped locking member 22 of the cover is pressed so far inward under elastic deformation, that the lid can now be folded up around the film hinge 12, the locking head 23 pushing through the locking opening 20. The lid can then be folded into the open position shown in FIG. 6. Set the pressure surface 21 'and the locking member 22 resiliently return to the starting position. When the lid is closed, the lock is automatically restored. It is understood that in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6, the film hinge need not be designed as a spring hinge.

Claims (15)

1. Deckelverschluß aus Kunststoff für Behälter, insbesondere für Verpackungszwecke, bestehend aus einem Deckeil und einem Deckelträger, die über ein Filmscharnier einstückig verbunden sind, wobei zur Erzeugung einer federnden Klappwirkung am Deckelträger eine aufragende Federzunge und am Deckel ein bei der Deckelbewegung die Federzunge quer auslenkender Nokken od.dgl. an der Scharnierseite angeformt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß etwa an der dem Filmscharnier (12) gegenüberliegenden Seite eine den Deckel (10) in der Schließstellung am Deckelträger (11) verriegelnde Riegelvorrichtung (20, 22, 23) mit einem einstückig angeformten Riegelorgan (22) vorgesehen ist, deren Riegeleingriff durch eine in Querrichtung (Pfeil R) auf den Deckel oder den Deckelträger wirkende Lösekraft gegen eine elastische Rückstellkraft lösbar ist.1. Lid closure made of plastic for containers, in particular for packaging purposes, consisting of a cover rope and a lid support, which are integrally connected via a film hinge, with an upstanding spring tongue to produce a resilient folding action on the lid support and one at the lid Lid movement of the spring tongue transverse deflecting cams or the like. are formed on the hinge side, characterized in that, for example on the side opposite the film hinge (12), a locking device (20, 22, 23) locking the cover (10) in the closed position on the cover support (11) with an integrally molded locking member (22 ) is provided, the locking engagement of which can be released against an elastic restoring force by a release force acting in the transverse direction (arrow R) on the cover or the cover support. 2. Deckelverschluß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Riegelorgan (22) am Deckel (10) angeformt ist.2. Lid closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking member (22) on the lid (10) is integrally formed. 3. Deckelverschluß nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Deckelträger (11) an seiner Oberseite eine Riegelöffnung (20) für den Durchgriff des etwa hakenförmigen Riegelorgans (22) aufweist.3. Lid closure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lid carrier (11) has on its upper side a locking opening (20) for the passage of the approximately hook-shaped locking member (22). 4. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß zum Lösen der Verriegelung der Deckel (10) über das Filmscharnier (12) in Querrichtung beweglich am Deckelträger (11) angeordnet ist.4. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for releasing the locking of the lid (10) on the film hinge (12) is arranged to be movable in the transverse direction on the lid carrier (11). 5. Deckelverschluß nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Filmscharnier (12) als ein durch die Querbewegung des Deckels (10) elastisch verformbares Federscharnier ausgebildet ist.5. Lid closure according to claim 4, characterized in that the film hinge (12) is designed as an elastically deformable spring hinge by the transverse movement of the lid (10). 6. Deckelverschluß nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Filmscharnier (12) als ein mit Hinterschneidung (25) versehenes Federscharnier ausgebildet ist.6. Lid closure according to claim 5, characterized in that the film hinge (12) is designed as a spring hinge provided with an undercut (25). 7. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Verriegelung durch elastische Querverformung der an der Riegelseite liegenden Wandung (21') des Deckelträgers (11) lösbar ist.7. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the locking is releasable by elastic transverse deformation of the wall lying on the bolt side (21 ') of the lid support (11). 8. Deckelverschluß nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Wandung (21') des Deckelträgers (11) an der Riegelseite eine verminderte Wandstärke aufweist.8. Lid closure according to claim 7, characterized in that the wall (21 ') of the lid support (11) has a reduced wall thickness on the bolt side. 9. Deckelverschluß nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Bildung einer elastischen Druckfläche (21') an der Riegelseite die Umfangswandung (21) des Deckelträgers (11) gegenüber der Kopffläche (13) örtlich getrennt ist, wobei die Druckfläche (21') in ihrem übrigen Umfangsbereich mit der Umfangswandung (21) des Deckelträgers (11) einstückig verbunden ist.9. Lid closure according to claim 8, characterized in that to form an elastic pressure surface (21 ') on the bolt side, the peripheral wall (21) of the lid support (11) with respect to the head surface (13) is locally separated, the pressure surface (21') is connected in one piece to the peripheral wall (21) of the cover carrier (11) in its remaining peripheral region. 10. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß an der Deckelunterseite ein im Schließzustand des Deckels (10) in die Auslaßöffnung (18) einfassender, in Querrichtung elastisch verformbarer Zapfen (19) angeformt ist.10. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the closed state of the lid (10) in the outlet opening (18) enclosing, in the transverse direction elastically deformable pin (19) is formed on the underside of the lid. 11. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Deckel (10) an der Riegelseite eine Umfangseinziehung (24) aulfweist.11. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lid (10) on the bolt side has a circumferential recess (24). 12. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckelträger (11) etwa topfförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei er an seiner Kopffläche (13) zwischen der mittig angeordneten Auslaßöffnung (18) und seinem Außenumfang die Riegelöffnung (20) aufweist.12. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the lid support (11) is approximately pot-shaped, wherein it on its top surface (13) between the centrally arranged outlet opening (18) and its Has outer bolt opening (20). 13. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Dekkelträger (11) aus einer auf dem Behälter aufsteckbaren oder aufschraubbaren Verschlußkappe besteht.13. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the lid carrier (11) consists of a plug-on or screw-on closure cap on the container. 14. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß an der Kopffläche (13) des topfförmigen Deckelträgers (11) eine zentrale axiale Innenhülse (17) angeformt ist.14. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a central axial inner sleeve (17) is integrally formed on the top surface (13) of the cup-shaped lid support (11). 15. Deckelverschluß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wurzel der aufragenden Federzunge (15) unterhalb der Kopffläche (13) des Deckelträgers (11) liegt.15. Lid closure according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the root of the upstanding spring tongue (15) is below the top surface (13) of the lid support (11).
EP79101847A 1978-06-27 1979-06-08 Plastic lid closure for receptacles, especially for packaging purposes Expired EP0006512B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79101847T ATE1664T1 (en) 1978-06-27 1979-06-08 PLASTIC LID SEAL FOR CONTAINERS, PARTICULARLY FOR PACKAGING PURPOSES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2828065 1978-06-27
DE19782828065 DE2828065A1 (en) 1978-06-27 1978-06-27 PLASTIC LID LOCK FOR CONTAINERS, ESPECIALLY FOR PACKAGING PURPOSES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006512A1 true EP0006512A1 (en) 1980-01-09
EP0006512B1 EP0006512B1 (en) 1982-10-20

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ID=6042837

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79101847A Expired EP0006512B1 (en) 1978-06-27 1979-06-08 Plastic lid closure for receptacles, especially for packaging purposes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4244495A (en)
EP (1) EP0006512B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS555400A (en)
AT (1) ATE1664T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2828065A1 (en)
ES (1) ES251204Y (en)

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US3603470A (en) * 1970-01-02 1971-09-07 Monsanto Co Compressible safety closure
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Cited By (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0084617A1 (en) * 1982-01-21 1983-08-03 Wippermann, Gerhard Container closure with foldable cap
EP0345394A1 (en) * 1988-06-10 1989-12-13 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc., Child resistant hinge top closure
EP0379775A1 (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-08-01 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc., Child resistant dispensing closure
EP0564582A1 (en) * 1990-12-27 1993-10-13 Harold T. Pehr Captive key release closure structure
EP0564582A4 (en) * 1990-12-27 1994-07-20 Harold T Pehr Captive key release closure structure
EP0624138A1 (en) * 1992-02-07 1994-11-17 Polytop Corporation Flexible holder for ''living'' hinge joining lid to closure body of dispensing closure
EP0624138A4 (en) * 1992-02-07 1997-12-17 Polytop Corp Flexible holder for ''living'' hinge joining lid t1 closure body of dispensing closure.
WO1994004426A1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-03-03 Courtaulds Packaging Limited Closures for containers
GB2319244A (en) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-20 Rexam Containers Ltd Container comprising child resistant means
FR2777545A1 (en) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-22 Rexam Smt Container/dispenser cap with hinged lid having two stable positions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2828065A1 (en) 1980-01-10
JPS555400A (en) 1980-01-16
JPS6311227B2 (en) 1988-03-12
US4244495A (en) 1981-01-13
ATE1664T1 (en) 1982-11-15
EP0006512B1 (en) 1982-10-20
ES251204Y (en) 1981-10-01
ES251204U (en) 1981-03-16

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