EP0005092B1 - Construction element in the form of a slab and structure comprising such an element - Google Patents

Construction element in the form of a slab and structure comprising such an element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0005092B1
EP0005092B1 EP79400205A EP79400205A EP0005092B1 EP 0005092 B1 EP0005092 B1 EP 0005092B1 EP 79400205 A EP79400205 A EP 79400205A EP 79400205 A EP79400205 A EP 79400205A EP 0005092 B1 EP0005092 B1 EP 0005092B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
criss
concrete
cross reinforcement
building element
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP79400205A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0005092A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Dardare
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CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
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CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
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Publication of EP0005092A1 publication Critical patent/EP0005092A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building element in the form of a board, and a structure comprising such an element.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a building element in the form of a board, that is to say of a thickness generally less than 10 cm, of width greater than the thickness but generally less than 50 cm, and of length on the order of several meters, an element which can be used on the field or flat, placed or supported at its ends, for example to produce structures such as frames, scaffolding, ... and which is manageable and of a cost close to that of the building materials usually used for this purpose.
  • a building element of the prefabricated self-supporting type made of reinforced concrete and in the form of a board and characterized in that it comprises a reticulated reinforcement extending substantially over the entire length and width of the element and at least half the thickness of the latter, said reinforcement defining, as known per se, contiguous cells, regularly distributed throughout the reinforcement and delimited by a material in the form of a strip substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element, the concrete completely coating the crosslinked reinforcement and filling the cells, and in that the concrete coating the crosslinked reinforcement is reinforced by a skin reinforcement surrounding this crosslinked reinforcement over its entire periphery.
  • concrete is meant here, generally, a material consisting of aggregates linked together by a binder.
  • the element according to the invention has a high resistance to forces directed parallel to the long side of its cross section and a regular mechanical resistance to the forces applied in the other directions of space. This is due to the fact that the deformations in tension and in bending of the crosslinked reinforcement are limited by the resistant concrete cores which fill the cells and by the presence of the skin reinforcement in the concrete enveloping the crosslinked reinforcement.
  • the structure of the reticulated reinforcement and, in particular, the dimensions and the shape of the cells are determined so as to allow correct routing of the stresses and to provide the concrete cores filling the cells with sufficient resistance. to the efforts applied to them.
  • the size of the cells must be such that the concrete cores which it delimits are capable, without disintegration, of withstanding the forces communicated to them by the reticulated reinforcement.
  • the strip-shaped wall of each cell has a width at least equal to 1 cm.
  • the dimension of the cell measured perpendicular to its wall, remains less than 10 cm. This maximum may be increased in the case of concrete loaded with aggregates of large particle size.
  • the shape of the cell it is desirable that it is delimited by a strip-shaped surface remaining parallel to the axis of the cell and having, in cross section, a closed polygonal contour. or symmetrical curve with respect to its center.
  • the cells of the crosslinked frame are identical and regularly distributed in the crosslinked frame.
  • the invention also relates to a structure comprising several elements in the form of a board.
  • the element 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a reinforcement 10 embedded in concrete 14.
  • the frame 10 comprises a rectangular frame 11 and a reticulated frame 12 filling this frame, both being formed by means of a strip material.
  • the crosslinked frame 12 delimits cells 13 with a closed contour on itself, these cells 13 being all identical, with the possible exception of those bordering the frame 11, and being regularly distributed in the crosslinked frame.
  • the walls of the cells 13 are parallel to the axes of these cells 13 and, like the sides of the frame 11, perpendicular to the faces of the latter.
  • the cells 13 are delimited by a surface of hexagonal cross section.
  • each cell 13 may take the form of other polygons ( Figure 2) or be curved ( Figure 3), while preferably retaining a symmetrical shape relative to its center.
  • a strip material compatible with the concrete used and having a high tensile strength and sufficient rigidity is used. May be suitable, for example, metal strips or tapes of non-metallic, rigid or stiffened materials.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a particular embodiment of a crosslinked reinforcement.
  • the strip 20 is intended to constitute the frame 11.
  • the strips 21, 22, ... are subjected to a forming operation to produce hollow parts 21a, 22a, ... which, by assembling two strips constitute the cells 13.
  • This assembly is carried out by welding or mechanically by riveting or stapling. It should be noted that this assembly must be carried out with care because it must resist the tensile and shear forces which develop at the interface between contiguous cells 13 when the element containing the crosslinked reinforcement 12 is subjected to stresses.
  • the strip is then subjected to a deployment operation consisting in folding the strips 33a, 33b, 33c alternately on one side and the other of the plane of the strip, the strips 33a and 33c located along the edges of the strip being at each folded back on the side of the strip opposite to that on the side of which is folded the central strip 33b initially located between these two strips.
  • Flats 34 are formed at the tops of the folded parts to allow the construction of the crosslinked frame by assembling the deployed strips, the assembly being carried out for example by welding.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another method of manufacturing a crosslinked reinforcement according to the invention. It is obtained from a braid 40 woven so as to form the cells 13 and stiffened by immersion in a material, for example a resin, which stiffens by solidifying.
  • braids assembled together such as the strips 21, 22 illustrated in FIG. 4, after having been pleated or wavy and stiffened.
  • the frame 10 is coated over its entire periphery with a layer of concrete 14.
  • This coating aims, on the one hand, to protect the frame 10 from possible corrosion and, on the other hand, to resist the thrusts exerted by the cores, in particular by bulging thereof, when the armature 10 is subjected to forces.
  • the coating concrete 14 is reinforced by means of a skin reinforcement 15 constituted by a metallic mesh with fine and tight meshes surrounding the reticulated reinforcement 12 and the frame 11 over its entire periphery.
  • the thickness of the reinforced coating concrete 14 can be limited to a value of the order of cm, for example between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  • the armature 10 must occupy at least half the thickness of the element 1 so that the mechanical properties of this element 1 are as close as possible to those of a homogeneous material.
  • the frame 10 is placed in a mold before or after filling it with concrete.
  • the concrete used is a hydraulic binder concrete or the like having good resistance to compression.
  • the crosslinked reinforcement is made of steel strip 20 mm wide, the steel being a class A33 steel having an elastic limit equal to 18 bar and a residual elongation of 18%.
  • the rectangular frame 11 (FIG. 8) is made of strip 3 mm thick. Its length and width are respectively 5 m and 18.6 cm.
  • the cells 13 are made of strip 2 mm thick and with a hexagonal cross section.
  • the dimensions referenced a, b and c in Figure 8 are respectively 75 mm, 60 mm and 15 mm. Welds are made between all adjacent sides of the cells.
  • a metal mesh 15 of steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a square mesh with a side of 15 mm is provided, as a skin reinforcement, a metal mesh 15 of steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a square mesh with a side of 15 mm.
  • the concrete is produced with a cement dosage of 500 kg / m 3 and aggregates of maximum dimension equal to 8 mm.
  • the compressive strength measured at 28 days is 550 bars and the tensile strength measured at 28 days is 42 bars.
  • the reinforcement is positioned in a mold using spacers before pouring the concrete.
  • the concrete is placed using a vibrating rule.
  • the board 50 obtained, shown in cross section in Figure 7 has a length equal to 5.05 m, a height h equal to 23 cm and a thickness e equal to 4 cm.
  • a bending test of this assembly in the height direction was carried out as illustrated in FIG. 10, the boards resting horizontally on edge on two distant support points with a length L 1 equal to 4.80 m.
  • a bending test of a board in the transverse direction was then carried out as shown in FIG. 11, the board resting horizontally flat on two distant support points with a length L 2 and being subjected to a vertical load F 2 at a point located at equal distances from the support points.
  • the board has good resistance to the forces exerted along the long axis of its cross section.
  • the rupture is attributable to a defective weld between two contiguous cells
  • the results of the tests show that the concrete element according to the invention exhibits a behavior mechanical similar to that of a homogeneous material for fairly high load values. Indeed, the ratio between breaking load and cracking load is 1.40 in the transverse direction.
  • the board-shaped element according to the invention has mechanical characteristics in flexion while fact acceptable in view of the use that can be envisaged for such elements.
  • plank-shaped element according to the invention may be suitable for the production of crash barriers along traffic lanes, lost formwork, scaffolding, etc.
  • the element in accordance with the invention can be reinforced in additional manner by known methods, for example by the installation of rectilinear reinforcements with circular section along the long sides of the reticulated reinforcement.
  • the element may be impregnated with a resin which hardens upon polymerization. It could also be prestressed.
  • the reinforcement of the coating concrete surrounding the crosslinked reinforcement may be carried out by impregnation using a polymerizable resin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction en forme de planche, et une structure comportant un tel élément.The present invention relates to a building element in the form of a board, and a structure comprising such an element.

Il est bien connu d'utiliser des dalles en béton armé d'épaisseur faible reposant sur appuis simples pour réaliser des planchers ou revêtements de sols. Toutefois, d'une façon générale, la résistance statique ou dynamique de dalles minces ne permet pas de prévoir des distances libres entre appuis relativement grandes. Un renforcement des propriétés mécaniques d'une dalle mince en béton armé peut être obtenu, selon le brevet CH 358.574 par utilisation d'une armature réticulée composée de bandes perpendiculaires aux grandes faces de la dalle et formant des alvéoles contigus régulièrement distribués dans toute l'armature. Par ailleurs, pour la réalisation d'éléments préfabriqués en béton tels que dalles, marches ou linteaux, il est divulgué dans le brevet GB 2826.AD 1913, d'utiliser des armatures également formées par un matériau en bande disposé perpendiculairement aux faces de l'élément. Toutefois, dans ces deux derniers cas, il n'est toujours pas possible d'envisager en toute sécurité l'utilisation de tels éléments avec une grande distance libre entre appuis.It is well known to use reinforced concrete slabs of low thickness resting on simple supports for producing floors or floor coverings. However, in general, the static or dynamic resistance of thin slabs does not allow the provision of relatively large clear distances between supports. Reinforcement of the mechanical properties of a thin reinforced concrete slab can be obtained, according to patent CH 358.574 by using a crosslinked reinforcement composed of strips perpendicular to the large faces of the slab and forming contiguous cells regularly distributed throughout the frame. Furthermore, for the production of prefabricated concrete elements such as slabs, steps or lintels, it is disclosed in patent GB 2826.AD 1913, to use reinforcements also formed by a strip material arranged perpendicular to the faces of the 'element. However, in the latter two cases, it is still not possible to safely envisage the use of such elements with a large free distance between supports.

Aussi, la présente invention a pour but de fournir un élément de construction en forme de planche, c'est-à-dire d'épaisseur généralement inférieure à 10 cm, de largeur supérieure à l'épaisseur mais généralement inférieure à 50 cm, et de longueur de l'ordre de plusieurs mètres, élément qui soit utilisable sur champ ou à plat, posé ou appuyé à ses extrémités, pour réaliser par exemple des structures telles que charpentes, échafaudages, ... et qui soit maniable et d'un coût voisin de celui des matériaux de construction habituellement utilisés à cet effet.Also, the object of the present invention is to provide a building element in the form of a board, that is to say of a thickness generally less than 10 cm, of width greater than the thickness but generally less than 50 cm, and of length on the order of several meters, an element which can be used on the field or flat, placed or supported at its ends, for example to produce structures such as frames, scaffolding, ... and which is manageable and of a cost close to that of the building materials usually used for this purpose.

Ce but est atteint par un élément de construction du type autoportant préfabriqué, en béton armé et en forme de planche et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une armature réticulée s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur et la largeur de l'élément et sur au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de celui-ci, ladite armature définissant, comme connu en soi, des alvéoles contigus, régulièrement distribués dans toute l'armature et délimités par un matériau en forme de bande sensiblement perpendiculaire aux grandes faces de l'élément, le béton enrobant complètement l'armature réticulée et remplissant les alvéoles, et en ce que le béton enrobant l'armature réticulée est renforcé par une armature de peau entourant cette armature réticulée sur toute sa périphérie.This object is achieved by a building element of the prefabricated self-supporting type, made of reinforced concrete and in the form of a board and characterized in that it comprises a reticulated reinforcement extending substantially over the entire length and width of the element and at least half the thickness of the latter, said reinforcement defining, as known per se, contiguous cells, regularly distributed throughout the reinforcement and delimited by a material in the form of a strip substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element, the concrete completely coating the crosslinked reinforcement and filling the cells, and in that the concrete coating the crosslinked reinforcement is reinforced by a skin reinforcement surrounding this crosslinked reinforcement over its entire periphery.

Par béton, on entend ici, d'une façon générale, un matériau constitué par des granulats liés entre eux par un liant.By concrete is meant here, generally, a material consisting of aggregates linked together by a binder.

L'élément conforme à l'invention présente une résistance élevée aux efforts dirigés parallèlement au grand côté de sa section transversale et une résistance mécanique régulière vis-à-vis des efforts appliqués suivant les autres directions de l'espace. Ceci est dû au fait que les déformations en traction et en flexion de l'armature réticulée sont limitées par les noyaux résistants de béton qui remplissent les alvéoles et par la présence de l'armature de peau dans le béton enveloppant l'armature réticulée.The element according to the invention has a high resistance to forces directed parallel to the long side of its cross section and a regular mechanical resistance to the forces applied in the other directions of space. This is due to the fact that the deformations in tension and in bending of the crosslinked reinforcement are limited by the resistant concrete cores which fill the cells and by the presence of the skin reinforcement in the concrete enveloping the crosslinked reinforcement.

C'est en fait, de façon surprenante, un matériau nouveau que l'on obtient, matériau qui se comporte de façon homogène et avec des propriétés mécaniques particulières.It is in fact, surprisingly, a new material which is obtained, a material which behaves in a homogeneous manner and with particular mechanical properties.

D'une façon générale, la structure de l'armature réticulée et, en particulier, les dimensions et la forme des alvéoles, sont déterminées de façon à permettre un cheminement correct des contraintes et à procurer aux noyaux de béton remplissant les alvéoles une résistance suffisante aux efforts qui leur sont appliqués.In general, the structure of the reticulated reinforcement and, in particular, the dimensions and the shape of the cells, are determined so as to allow correct routing of the stresses and to provide the concrete cores filling the cells with sufficient resistance. to the efforts applied to them.

C'est ainsi que la taille des alvéoles doit être telle que les noyaux de béton qu'elle délimite soient capables, sans désagrégation, de résister aux efforts qui leur sont communiqués par l'armature réticulée.Thus, the size of the cells must be such that the concrete cores which it delimits are capable, without disintegration, of withstanding the forces communicated to them by the reticulated reinforcement.

On conçoit que d'autres paramètres ont aussi une influence sur la valeur optimale de la taille des alvéoles, en particulier la nature du liant utilisé et la granulométrie des agrégats éventuellement présents dans le béton.It is understood that other parameters also have an influence on the optimal value of the size of the cells, in particular the nature of the binder used and the particle size of the aggregates possibly present in the concrete.

A titre indicatif, de préférence, la paroi en forme de bande de chaque alvéole a une largeur au moins égale à 1 cm.As an indication, preferably, the strip-shaped wall of each cell has a width at least equal to 1 cm.

Dans le cas d'un élément épais à fabriquer, on utilisera de préférence plusieurs armatures réticulées superposées occupant ensemble plus de la moitié de l'épaisseur de l'élément.In the case of a thick element to be manufactured, it is preferable to use several superposed cross-linked reinforcements together occupying more than half the thickness of the element.

En général, la dimension de l'alvéole, mesurée perpendiculairement à sa paroi, reste inférieure à 10 cm. Ce maximum pourra être relevé dans le cas d'un béton chargé par des granulats de forte granulométrie.In general, the dimension of the cell, measured perpendicular to its wall, remains less than 10 cm. This maximum may be increased in the case of concrete loaded with aggregates of large particle size.

Pour ce qui concerne la forme de l'alvéole, il s'avère souhaitable que celui-ci soit délimité par une surface en forme de bande restant parallèle à l'axe de l'alvéole et présentant, en section transversale, un contour fermé polygonal ou courbe symétrique par rapport à son centre. En outre, de préférence, les alvéoles de l'armature réticulée sont identiques et régulièrement distribués dans l'armature réticulée.Regarding the shape of the cell, it is desirable that it is delimited by a strip-shaped surface remaining parallel to the axis of the cell and having, in cross section, a closed polygonal contour. or symmetrical curve with respect to its center. In addition, preferably, the cells of the crosslinked frame are identical and regularly distributed in the crosslinked frame.

L'invention concerne aussi une structure comportant plusieurs éléments en forme de planche.The invention also relates to a structure comprising several elements in the form of a board.

Ceux-ci peuvent être disposés les uns sur les autres et assemblés les uns aux autres pour former une structure lamellaire.These can be arranged on top of each other and joined together to form a lamellar structure.

On peut aussi assembler les éléments entre eux par des pièces de liaison sensiblement perpendiculaires aux grandes faces des éléments, pour former une structure de charpente.It is also possible to assemble the elements together by connecting pieces substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the elements, to form a frame structure.

Il est encore possible d'augmenter la résistance de ces éléments par des parties en béton renforcées par des armatures de liaison reliées aux armatures réticulées desdits éléments.It is still possible to increase the resistance of these elements by reinforced concrete parts by connecting reinforcements connected to the cross-linked reinforcements of said elements.

D'autres particularités et avantages des éléments de construction conformes à l'invention et des structures les utilisant ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins joints sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective et en partie arrachée illustrant un élément conforme à l'invention,
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues partielles en plan d'armatures réticulées pour des éléments conformes à l'invention,
  • les figures 4 à 6 illustrent très schématiquement différents procédés de fabrication d'armatures pour des éléments conformes à l'invention,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un élément en forme de planche conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en plan de détail de l'armature réticulée de l'élément illustré par la figure 7, et
  • les figures 9 à 11 illustrent des essais effectués sur l'élément illustré par la figure 7.
Other particularities and advantages of the construction elements in accordance with the invention and of the structures using them will become apparent on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view, partially broken away, illustrating an element according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are partial plan views of cross-linked reinforcements for elements according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 very schematically illustrate different methods of manufacturing reinforcements for elements according to the invention,
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a board-shaped element according to the invention,
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed plan view of the crosslinked reinforcement of the element illustrated in FIG. 7, and
  • Figures 9 to 11 illustrate tests carried out on the element illustrated in Figure 7.

L'élément 1 illustré par la figure 1 comporte une armature 10 noyée dans du béton 14.The element 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a reinforcement 10 embedded in concrete 14.

L'armature 10 comporte un cadre rectangulaire 11 et une armature réticulée 12 remplissant ce cadre, tous deux étant formés au moyen d'un matériau en bande. L'armature réticulée 12 délimite des alvéoles 13 au contour fermé sur lui-même, ces alvéoles 13 étant tous identiques, à l'exception peut-être de ceux bordant le cadre 11, et étant régulièrement distribués dans l'armature réticulée. Les parois des alvéoles 13 sont parallèles aux axes de ces alvéoles 13 et, comme les côtés du cadre 11, perpendiculaires aux faces de ce dernier.The frame 10 comprises a rectangular frame 11 and a reticulated frame 12 filling this frame, both being formed by means of a strip material. The crosslinked frame 12 delimits cells 13 with a closed contour on itself, these cells 13 being all identical, with the possible exception of those bordering the frame 11, and being regularly distributed in the crosslinked frame. The walls of the cells 13 are parallel to the axes of these cells 13 and, like the sides of the frame 11, perpendicular to the faces of the latter.

Sur la figure 1, les alvéoles 13 sont délimités par une surface de section transversale hexagonale.In FIG. 1, the cells 13 are delimited by a surface of hexagonal cross section.

La section transversale de chaque alvéole 13 pourra prendre la forme d'autres polygones (figure 2) ou être courbe (figure 3), tout en conservant, de préférence, une forme symétrique par rapport à son centre.The cross section of each cell 13 may take the form of other polygons (Figure 2) or be curved (Figure 3), while preferably retaining a symmetrical shape relative to its center.

Pour la fabrication de l'armature réticulée, on utilise un matériau en bande compatible avec le béton utilisé et présentant une résistance à la traction élevée et une rigidité suffisante. Peuvent convenir, par exemple, des feuillards métalliques ou des rubans de matériaux non métalliques, rigides ou rigidifiés.For the manufacture of the crosslinked reinforcement, a strip material compatible with the concrete used and having a high tensile strength and sufficient rigidity is used. May be suitable, for example, metal strips or tapes of non-metallic, rigid or stiffened materials.

La figure 4 illustre un mode particulier de réalisation d'une armature réticulée.FIG. 4 illustrates a particular embodiment of a crosslinked reinforcement.

Des feuillards d'acier 20, 21, 22, ... sont dévidés de rouleaux 23, 24, 25... Le feuillard 20 est destiné à constituer le cadre 11. Les feuillards 21, 22, ... sont soumis à une opération de formage pour réaliser des parties en creux 21a, 22a, ... qui, par assemblage de deux feuillards constituent les alvéoles 13.Steel strips 20, 21, 22, ... are unwound from rollers 23, 24, 25 ... The strip 20 is intended to constitute the frame 11. The strips 21, 22, ... are subjected to a forming operation to produce hollow parts 21a, 22a, ... which, by assembling two strips constitute the cells 13.

Cet assemblage est réalisé par soudage ou mécaniquement par rivetage ou agrafage. Il est à noter que cet assemblage doit être réalisé avec soin car il doit résister aux efforts de traction et de cisaillement qui se développent à l'interface entre alvéoles 13 contigus lorsque l'élément contenant l'armature réticulée 12 est soumis à des contraintes.This assembly is carried out by welding or mechanically by riveting or stapling. It should be noted that this assembly must be carried out with care because it must resist the tensile and shear forces which develop at the interface between contiguous cells 13 when the element containing the crosslinked reinforcement 12 is subjected to stresses.

A titre de variante, on pourra utiliser, pour former les alvéoles 13, des feuillards 30 (figure 5) qui sont soumis chacun à une opération de découpage pour former des découpes 32, parallèles aux bords du feuillard, qui partagent en trois bandes égales 33a, 33b, 33c des segments de feuillard répartis le long de celui-ci en étant séparés les uns des autres par des intervalles 31 non prédécoupés. Le feuillard est ensuite soumis à une opération de déployage consistant à replier les bandes 33a, 33b, 33c alternativement d'un côté et de l'autre du plan du feuillard, les bandes 33a et 33c situées le long des bords du feuillard étant à chaque fois repliées du côté du feuillard opposé à celui du côté duquel est repliée la bande centrale 33b située initialement entre ces deux bandes. Des méplats 34 sont formés aux sommets des parties repliées pour permettre la construction de l'armature réticulée par assemblage des feuillards déployés, l'assemblage étant réalisé par exemple par soudage.Alternatively, one can use, to form the cells 13, strips 30 (Figure 5) which are each subjected to a cutting operation to form cuts 32, parallel to the edges of the strip, which divide into three equal strips 33a , 33b, 33c of the strip segments distributed along the latter, being separated from each other by intervals 31 which are not precut. The strip is then subjected to a deployment operation consisting in folding the strips 33a, 33b, 33c alternately on one side and the other of the plane of the strip, the strips 33a and 33c located along the edges of the strip being at each folded back on the side of the strip opposite to that on the side of which is folded the central strip 33b initially located between these two strips. Flats 34 are formed at the tops of the folded parts to allow the construction of the crosslinked frame by assembling the deployed strips, the assembly being carried out for example by welding.

La figure 6 illustre un autre mode de fabrication d'une armature réticulée conforme à l'invention. Elle est obtenue à partir d'une tresse 40 tissée de façon à former les alvéoles 13 et rigidifiée par immersion dans un matériau, par exemple une résine, qui se rigidifie en se solidifiant.FIG. 6 illustrates another method of manufacturing a crosslinked reinforcement according to the invention. It is obtained from a braid 40 woven so as to form the cells 13 and stiffened by immersion in a material, for example a resin, which stiffens by solidifying.

A titre de variante, on pourra utiliser des tresses assemblées entre elles, comme les feuillards 21, 22 illustrés par la figure4, après avoir été plissées ou ondulées et rigidifiées.As a variant, it is possible to use braids assembled together, such as the strips 21, 22 illustrated in FIG. 4, after having been pleated or wavy and stiffened.

L'armature 10 est enrobée sur toute sa périphérie par une couche de béton 14. Cet enrobage vise, d'une part, à protéger l'armature 10 d'une éventuelle corrosion et, d'autre part, à résister aux poussées exercées par les noyaux, en particulier par bombement de ceux-ci, lorsque l'armature 10 est soumise à des efforts. Pour pouvoir remplir cette dernière fonction, le béton d'enrobage 14 est renforcé au moyen d'une armature de peau 15 constituée par un treillis métallique à mailles fines et serrées entourant l'armature réticulée 12 et le cadre 11 sur toute sa périphérie.The frame 10 is coated over its entire periphery with a layer of concrete 14. This coating aims, on the one hand, to protect the frame 10 from possible corrosion and, on the other hand, to resist the thrusts exerted by the cores, in particular by bulging thereof, when the armature 10 is subjected to forces. In order to be able to fulfill this latter function, the coating concrete 14 is reinforced by means of a skin reinforcement 15 constituted by a metallic mesh with fine and tight meshes surrounding the reticulated reinforcement 12 and the frame 11 over its entire periphery.

L'épaisseur du béton d'enrobage renforcé 14 peut être limitée à valeur de l'ordre du cm, par exemple comprise entre 0,5 et 2 cm.The thickness of the reinforced coating concrete 14 can be limited to a value of the order of cm, for example between 0.5 and 2 cm.

Il faut noter aussi que l'armature 10 doit occuper au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de l'élément 1 pour que les propriétés mécaniques de cet élément 1 soient aussi proches que possible de celles d'un matériau homogène.It should also be noted that the armature 10 must occupy at least half the thickness of the element 1 so that the mechanical properties of this element 1 are as close as possible to those of a homogeneous material.

Pour la fabrication de l'élément 1, l'armature 10 est mise en place dans un moule avant ou après remplissage de celui-ci par le béton. Le béton utilisé est un béton de liant hydraulique ou autre présentant une bonne résistance à la compression.For the manufacture of element 1, the frame 10 is placed in a mold before or after filling it with concrete. The concrete used is a hydraulic binder concrete or the like having good resistance to compression.

Il est important que le béton remplisse totalement les alvéoles de l'armature réticulée 12 de manière à ne pas laisser de jeu entre les parois des alvéoles 13 et les noyaux de béton contenus dans ceux-ci. Ce remplissage correct des alvéoles 13 est obtenu par vibration ou tassement du béton dans le moule. La vibration peut en particulier être réalisée au moyen de l'armature 10 elle-même.It is important that the concrete completely fills the cells of the reticulated reinforcement 12 so as not to leave any clearance between the walls of the cells 13 and the concrete cores contained therein. This correct filling of the cells 13 is obtained by vibration or compaction of the concrete in the mold. The vibration can in particular be achieved by means of the frame 10 itself.

On donne ci-après un exemple de réalisation d'un élément conforme à l'invention en forme de planche. On se référera aux figures 7 à 11.An exemplary embodiment of an element in accordance with the invention in the form of a board is given below. Refer to Figures 7 to 11.

ExempleExample

L'armature réticulée est fabriquée en feuillard d'acier de largeur de 20 mm, l'acier étant un acier de classe A33 ayant une limite élastique égale à 18 hbars et un allongement rémanent de 18 %.The crosslinked reinforcement is made of steel strip 20 mm wide, the steel being a class A33 steel having an elastic limit equal to 18 bar and a residual elongation of 18%.

Le cadre rectangulaire 11 (figure 8) est en feuillard d'épaisseur 3 mm. Sa longueur et sa largeur sont respectivement égales à 5 m et 18,6 cm.The rectangular frame 11 (FIG. 8) is made of strip 3 mm thick. Its length and width are respectively 5 m and 18.6 cm.

Les alvéoles 13 sont en feuillard d'épaisseur 2 mm et à section transversale hexagonale. Les dimensions référencées a, b et csur la figure 8 sont respectivement égales à 75 mm, 60 mm et 15 mm. Des soudures sont réalisées entre tous les côtés adjacents des alvéoles.The cells 13 are made of strip 2 mm thick and with a hexagonal cross section. The dimensions referenced a, b and c in Figure 8 are respectively 75 mm, 60 mm and 15 mm. Welds are made between all adjacent sides of the cells.

Autour de l'armature réticulée, on dispose, en tant qu'armature de peau, un treillis 15 métallique en fil d'acier de 1 mm de diamètre et à mailles carrées de 15 mm de côté.Around the crosslinked reinforcement, there is provided, as a skin reinforcement, a metal mesh 15 of steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a square mesh with a side of 15 mm.

Le béton est réalisé avec un dosage en ciment de 500 kg/m3 et des granulats de dimension maximale égale à 8 mm. La résistance à la compression mesurée à 28 jours est 550 bars et la résistance à la traction mesurée à 28 jours est 42 bars.The concrete is produced with a cement dosage of 500 kg / m 3 and aggregates of maximum dimension equal to 8 mm. The compressive strength measured at 28 days is 550 bars and the tensile strength measured at 28 days is 42 bars.

L'armature est positionnée dans un moule à l'aide de distanciers avant coulage du béton. La mise en place du béton est effectuée à l'aide d'une règle vibrante.The reinforcement is positioned in a mold using spacers before pouring the concrete. The concrete is placed using a vibrating rule.

La planche 50 obtenue, représentée en coupe transversale sur la figure 7 a une longueur égale à 5,05 m, une hauteur h égale à 23 cm et une épaisseur e égale à 4 cm.The board 50 obtained, shown in cross section in Figure 7 has a length equal to 5.05 m, a height h equal to 23 cm and a thickness e equal to 4 cm.

Des essais de transport ont démontré que la planche peut être, sans problème, soulevée à ses extrémités ou en son milieu en étant tenue horizontalement avec ses faces verticales ou horizontales.Transport tests have shown that the board can be lifted at its ends or in the middle without any problem while being held horizontally with its vertical or horizontal faces.

Des essais de flexion ont ensuite été effectués.Bending tests were then carried out.

Deux planches 50 identiques ont été boulonnées en trois points, à leurs extrémités et en leur milieu (figure 9) avec interposition de cales 56 en bois.Two identical boards 50 were bolted at three points, at their ends and in the middle (Figure 9) with the interposition of wooden wedges 56.

Un essai de flexion de cet assemblage suivant le sens de la hauteur a été effectué comme illustré par la figure 10, les planches reposant horizontalement de chant sur deux points d'appui distants d'une longueur L1 égale à 4,80 m. Une charge verticale F1 appliquée sur les planches en étant répartie par moitié Flip en deux points situés symétriquement par rapport au milieu des planches et distants l'un de l'autre d'une longueur 11 égale à 1,45 m.A bending test of this assembly in the height direction was carried out as illustrated in FIG. 10, the boards resting horizontally on edge on two distant support points with a length L 1 equal to 4.80 m. A vertical load F 1 applied to the boards, being divided by half Flip at two points located symmetrically with respect to the middle of the boards and distant from each other by a length 1 1 equal to 1.45 m.

Un essai de flexion d'une planche dans le sens transversal a ensuite été effectué comme représenté sur la figure 11, la planche reposant horizontalement à plat sur deux points d'appui distants d'une longueur L2 et étant soumise à une charge verticale F2 en un point situé à égales distances des points d'appui.A bending test of a board in the transverse direction was then carried out as shown in FIG. 11, the board resting horizontally flat on two distant support points with a length L 2 and being subjected to a vertical load F 2 at a point located at equal distances from the support points.

Les résultats des essais de flexion sont donnés dans le tableau suivant.

Figure imgb0001
The results of the bending tests are given in the following table.
Figure imgb0001

La planche présente une bonne résistance aux efforts exercés suivant le grand axe de sa section transversale. En outre, bien que dans l'essai de flexion dans le sens de la hauteur, la rupture soit imputable à une soudure défectueuse entre deux alvéoles contigus, les résultats des essais montrent que l'élément de béton conforme à l'invention présente un comportement mécanique semblable à celui d'un matériau homogène pour des valeurs de charges assez élevées. En effet, le rapport entre charge de rupture et charge de fissuration est de 1,40 dans le sens transversal. On peut encore noter que l'élément en forme de planche conforme à l'invention présente des caractéristiques mécaniques en flexion tout à fait acceptables eu égard à l'utilisation que l'on peut envisager pour de tels éléments.The board has good resistance to the forces exerted along the long axis of its cross section. In addition, although in the bending test in the height direction, the rupture is attributable to a defective weld between two contiguous cells, the results of the tests show that the concrete element according to the invention exhibits a behavior mechanical similar to that of a homogeneous material for fairly high load values. Indeed, the ratio between breaking load and cracking load is 1.40 in the transverse direction. It may also be noted that the board-shaped element according to the invention has mechanical characteristics in flexion while fact acceptable in view of the use that can be envisaged for such elements.

L'élément en forme de planche conforme à l'invention peut convenir pour la réalisation de glissières de sécurité le long de voies de circulation routière, de coffrage perdu, d'échafaudage, ...The plank-shaped element according to the invention may be suitable for the production of crash barriers along traffic lanes, lost formwork, scaffolding, etc.

Le cas échéant, l'élément conforme à l'invention peut être renforcé de façon supplémentaire par des procédés connus, par exemple par la mise en place d'armatures rectilignes à section circulaire le long des grands côtés de l'armature réticulée. L'élément peut être imprégné d'une résine qui durcit en polymérisant. Il pourrait aussi être précontraint.If necessary, the element in accordance with the invention can be reinforced in additional manner by known methods, for example by the installation of rectilinear reinforcements with circular section along the long sides of the reticulated reinforcement. The element may be impregnated with a resin which hardens upon polymerization. It could also be prestressed.

On notera notamment que le renforcement du béton d'enrobage entourant l'armature réticulée pourra être réalisé par imprégnation au moyen d'une résine polymérisable.It will be noted in particular that the reinforcement of the coating concrete surrounding the crosslinked reinforcement may be carried out by impregnation using a polymerizable resin.

Claims (7)

1. Self-supporting, pre-fabricated, plank-like building element in reinforced concrete, characterized in that it comprises a criss-cross reinforcement (12) extending over substantially all the length and width of the element (1) and over at least half the thickness thereof, the said reinforcement (12) defining, in manner known per se, contiguous alveoli (13), evenly distributed through the whole reinforcement (12) and defined by a strip-like material (21, 22 ; 30 ; 40) substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element (1), the said criss-cross reinforcement (12) being completely embedded in the concrete which fills the alveoli (13) and in that the concrete embedding the criss-cross reinforcement (12) is itself reinforced by a skin armature (15) surrounding the said criss-cross reinforcement (12) over its entire periphery.
2. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the criss-cross reinforcement (12) is surrounded and defined by a strip-shaped rectangular frame (11).
3. Building element according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the criss-cross reinforcement (12) is itself reinforced by rectilinear armatures on its greater dimension.
4. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the criss-cross reinforcement (12) is constituted by an assembly of strips (30) cut and spread in such a way as to form each one a row of alveoli (13).
5. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the criss-cross reinforcement is constituted by a woven braid (40) which is rigidified by impregnation of a material and forms the walls of the alveoli (13).
6. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the concrete embedding the criss-cross reinforcement (12) is itself reinforced by impregnation with a polymerizable resin.
7. Structure made-up of an assembly of building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
EP79400205A 1978-04-19 1979-03-30 Construction element in the form of a slab and structure comprising such an element Expired EP0005092B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7811587 1978-04-19
FR7811587A FR2423600A1 (en) 1978-04-19 1978-04-19 PROCESS AND REINFORCEMENT FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE AND CONCRETE ELEMENT OBTAINED

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EP0005092A1 EP0005092A1 (en) 1979-10-31
EP0005092B1 true EP0005092B1 (en) 1983-03-30

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EP (1) EP0005092B1 (en)
AT (1) AT368229B (en)
DE (1) DE2965089D1 (en)
ES (3) ES251127Y (en)
FR (1) FR2423600A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO832425L (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-07 Elkem As BUILDING ELEMENT OR BUILDING PART MANUFACTURED FROM ARMED CONCRETE AND PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
WO1999039887A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Farrell, Elizabeth-Anne, Aileen Reinforcing a settable material
ITRM20090075A1 (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Pasquale Impero ESAGONAL CELL ARMOR FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE.

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DE127104C (en) *
GB191302856A (en) * 1913-02-04 1913-07-10 Harry Howard Henthorne Improvements in or relating to Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Blocks and the like.
FR625005A (en) * 1926-10-25 1927-08-01 Irving Iron Works Co Reinforced concrete slab
GB359322A (en) * 1931-01-14 1931-10-22 Alfred Percival Gupwell An improved steel or metal mesh for reinforcing concrete, asphalt and like material
GB700401A (en) * 1949-04-28 1953-12-02 Ward Hugh Richards Improvements relating to components for buildings
CH358574A (en) * 1958-07-25 1961-11-30 Stampfli Joseph Component
DE1509048A1 (en) * 1963-06-19 1969-02-06 Wuppermann Gmbh Theodor Reinforced building board
DE1759133A1 (en) * 1968-04-03 1971-06-03 Fritz Siegmeier Road surface

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
HÜTTE, Bautechnik, Bd.1, Springer Verlag 1974, p.598 par.4.5.11.1, p.599par.4.5.11.2, p.658 par.4.8 .6.2.3. *

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DE2965089D1 (en) 1983-05-05
ES249008U (en) 1980-11-16
AT368229B (en) 1982-09-27
FR2423600B1 (en) 1983-01-28
ES249008Y (en) 1981-04-16
ES251127Y (en) 1981-07-16
ES249009Y (en) 1981-04-16
ES249009U (en) 1980-11-16
ES251127U (en) 1981-02-01
FR2423600A1 (en) 1979-11-16
ATA293679A (en) 1982-01-15

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