FR3058429A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN INTERIOR WALL AND INTERNAL WALL OBTAINED - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an interior wall (10), in particular an integrated formwork wall, intended to be connected to an exterior wall (2) of a building (1) by one of its edges called "Joining edge (13)". The method is characterized in that thermal insulation means (40) is incorporated in the thickness of said inner wall (10) in the immediate vicinity and along said joining edge (13) to create at least in part a thermal break between said inner wall (10) and the outer wall (2) of the building (1), and in that said thermal insulation means (40) is arranged discontinuously along said junction edge (13) for creating intervals (I) in which binding frames (50) are positioned to mechanically and structurally bond said inner wall (10) to said exterior wall (2) of the building (1).

Description

Technical area :

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an interior wall, in particular a cross wall, intended to be linked to an exterior wall of a building by at least one of its edges called the "joining edge".

The invention also relates to the interior wall obtained by said manufacturing process.

Prior art:

In the general field of building construction, the dividing walls are interior walls, generally load-bearing, which form part of the structure of the building and ensure the bracing of the building, that is to say that they participate in the building stability both vertically and horizontally. These dividing walls can be wall cladding and poured in place on site, prefabricated walls with full slab, prefabricated walls with lost formwork, masonry walls, etc. The invention relates to all types of known interior walls and in particular to prefabricated interior walls with integrated formwork. In addition, the thermal regulations in force have made it compulsory to limit heat loss at the junction between the exterior walls and the interior walls and floor, either by insulation from the outside of the building (ITE) or by interior insulation. of the building (ITI). The invention relates more particularly to the thermal insulation installed inside the building (ΠΤ).

To ensure the bracing of buildings, the dividing walls are mechanically linked to the exterior walls or front walls of the building by one of their edges, also called strands. To date, there are several types of connection between the cross walls and the facade walls, such as conventional connections and separate connections. Conventional masonry or reinforced concrete connections are poured on site and produced according to the standards in force with continuous chaining thus ensuring a structural connection over the entire height of the connection between the exterior wall and the interior wall. However, these conventional connections do not include thermal bridge breakers and generate significant linear heat loss. In the case of dissociated connections, the cross wall is not structurally linked to the front wall since a thermal insulator is continuously interposed between the interior wall and the exterior wall. Even if this solution makes it possible to resolve the linear heat losses of conventional connections, it is not satisfactory since it does not guarantee the structural connection between the cross wall and the front wall necessary to ensure the bracing of the building. Thus, this type of disconnected link does not meet seismic standards. In addition, this disconnected link generates weaknesses in terms of acoustics as well as risks of general ignition in the event of a fire.

Consequently, at the present time there is no solution making it possible to effectively limit the linear heat losses in the junction “facade-split” in the case of thermal insulation by the interior of the building, in accordance with the regulations. in force, without degrading the structure of the building, nor fire safety and sound insulation.

Statement of the invention:

The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a method for manufacturing an interior wall incorporating thermal insulation making it possible to significantly reduce thermal bridges at the junction between the façade and the slit, in particular in the case of thermal insulation by the he interior of the building, without degrading the mechanical stability or the structure of the building, making it possible to use it in seismic zones, while respecting the regulations relating to fire safety and the acoustic insulation of the building.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an interior wall of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that thermal insulation means are incorporated in the thickness of said interior wall in the immediate vicinity and along of said junction edge to create at least in part a thermal break between said interior wall and the exterior wall of the building with which it is intended to be linked, and in that said thermal insulation means are placed in the thickness of said interior wall discontinuously along said joining edge to create gaps in which are positioned reinforcing links to mechanically and structurally bond said interior wall to said exterior wall of the building when assembled.

This process has the advantage of considerably reducing the linear heat losses from the facade-split junction from inside the building, while preserving a mechanical and structural connection within this junction between the interior wall and the exterior wall. In addition, if the thermal insulation means do not completely cross the thickness of the interior wall, it can both meet fire safety standards since the solid part of the thickness of said wall forms a barrier against spreading. flames and gases in the event of fire, as well as a sound barrier.

It is of course possible to manufacture said interior wall directly on site by pouring a filling material into an appropriate formwork. In this case and before the pouring of said interior wall, the thermal insulation means and the connection reinforcements are positioned in said formwork.

The interior wall can also be fabricated from a prefabricated solid slab wall. In this case and before the casting of a molding material in a formwork mold suitable for forming the solid slab, the means of thermal insulation and the connection reinforcements are positioned in said formwork mold.

Preferably, said interior wall can be manufactured from a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork comprising two parallel walls, a first wall and a second wall, held at a distance by spacers to delimit an interior formwork capable of being filled with a filling material poured on site. In this case, one can proceed as follows: in a first step, at least said spacers, said thermal insulation means and said connecting frames are positioned in a suitable formwork mold, it is poured into said formwork mold a molding material to form the first wall of said wall; in a second step, a filling material is poured into another suitable formwork mold to form the second wall of said wall; and in a third step and before hardening of the second wall, the first wall is turned over above the second wall, making at least said spacers and said connecting plates penetrate into the fresh molding material of the second wall .

In all the embodiments, thermal insulation means will be chosen which extend over a height at most equal to the thickness of said interior wall.

In the case of a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork, it is possible to choose thermal insulation means having a height less than the height of the spacers, and substantially equal to the thickness of the first wall plus the thickness of the internal formwork . In this case, during the first step of said method, it is possible either to fix said thermal insulation means directly in the formwork mold so that they pass through the thickness of said first wall, or to fix said insulation means thermal in said formwork mold by means of receiving supports so that they do not pass through the thickness of said first wall.

One can also choose thermal insulation means having a height greater than the height of the spacers, and substantially equal to the thickness of the two walls plus the thickness of the interior formwork. In this case, during the first step of said method, said thermal insulation means can be fixed directly in said formwork mold so that they pass through the thickness of said first wall, and during the third step, l 'can be made to penetrate the spacers, the connecting plates and said thermal insulation means in the fresh molding material of the second wall so that the latter also pass through the thickness of said second wall.

To form said thermal insulation means, it is possible to use a single thermal breaker arranged in parallel with said junction edge and having a length less than that of the junction edge of said wall to provide at its ends two intervals, or several thermal breakers. aligned in a row parallel to said junction edge and spaced from each other to provide said interval between two consecutive thermal breakers.

Each thermal breaker can be produced from at least one insulating bar, which may or may not be fixed to a receiving support, said thermal breaker and / or said insulating bar may also have fire-resistant properties.

For this purpose, the invention also relates to an interior wall of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it is obtained from the manufacturing process as defined above, and in that it comprises means for thermal insulation arranged in the thickness of said wall in the immediate vicinity and along said junction edge intended to create at least partially a thermal break between said interior wall and the exterior wall of said building when it is linked to the latter, said thermal insulation means being arranged in the thickness of said wall in a discontinuous manner along said junction edge to create gaps in which are positioned reinforcement elements intended to mechanically and structurally connect said interior wall to said exterior wall of the building when 'they are assembled.

Said interior wall may consist of a wall poured directly on site integrating said thermal insulation means and said connecting reinforcements, or of a prefabricated solid slab wall also integrating said thermal insulation means and said connecting reinforcements.

H can also consist of a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork comprising two parallel walls, a first wall and a second wall, held at a distance by spacers to delimit an internal formwork capable of being filled with a filling material poured on site integrating said thermal insulation means and said connecting reinforcements.

In all the variant embodiments, the thermal insulation means can extend over a height at most equal to the thickness of said wall.

In the case of a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork, these thermal insulation means can extend over a height at least equal to the thickness of a wall of said wall plus the thickness of the interior formwork of said wall. They can, as required, cross the first wall and the second wall to be flush with the exterior faces of said wall, or pass through only one of the walls to be flush with the corresponding exterior face of said wall.

These thermal insulation means may include a single thermal breaker disposed parallel to said junction edge and having a length less than that of the junction edge of said wall to provide at its ends two intervals. Preferably, they comprise several thermal interrupters aligned in a row parallel to said junction edge and distant from each other to provide an interval between two consecutive thermal interrupters.

Each thermal breaker can include at least one insulating bar, which may or may not be attached to a receiving support, and which also has fire-resistant properties.

Brief description of the drawings:

The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of several embodiments given by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a building under construction having three outer walls assembled in a U and an inner wall according to the invention, this inner wall being linked to one of the outer walls to separate in two the interior volume of the building, and forms a junction called "facade-splitting", FIG. 2 is an end view of the facade-splitting junction of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a side view of the facade-splitting junction of FIG. 1, FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are top views of the facade-splitting junction of FIG. 1 showing three alternative embodiments of a prefabricated interior wall according to the invention, FIGS. 5 to 9 are front views which illustrate the various stages of manufacture of the prefabricated interior wall of FIG. 4A, according to the method of the invention, and FIGS. 5A, 6A and 9A are top views of said wall during manufacture, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are front views of the alternative embodiments of the prefabricated interior wall respectively according to FIGS. 4B and 4C, and FIGS. 10A and 11A are top views of said wall during manufacture.

Illustrations of the invention and different ways of carrying it out:

With reference to the figures, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an interior wall 10, 20, 30 for a building 1 making it possible to integrate thermal insulation means 40 at the junction of "exterior wall-interior wall" commonly called “facade-split” junction, regardless of the construction technique of building 1. An example of building 1 under construction, shown in FIG. 1, is shown diagrammatically with three exterior walls 2 assembled in a U, delimiting an interior volume separated in two by an interior wall 10 linked to the central exterior wall 2 by a joining edge 13. The exterior walls 2 can be either brick masonry walls, masonry walls made of solid or hollow concrete blocks and lightened, tiled walls, prefabricated walls with integrated formwork, insulated or not, and any type of wall that can be made. These exterior walls 2 and the interior wall 10 can be placed on any type of support, such as a prefabricated concrete base or poured on site, in masonry or the like, a lower floor, etc., and can be combined in the upper part all types of slabs, made from solid slabs, floors with beams and interjoists, prefabricated slabs, insulated or not, or the like. Generally, the term "prefabricated" means a construction element which can be manufactured industrially in the factory, then transported to the site, or produced on the site without being poured in place, then laid. These prefabricated building elements are generally made of a so-called hydraulic molding material, such as concrete or the like, stiffened by a metal frame, which may include projecting frames, with or without stiffening trusses, and commonly called precast concrete elements. armed.

With reference to the figures, the manufacturing method according to the invention is described for an interior wall 10, 20, 30 prefabricated, commonly called premur or wall with integrated formwork, prefabricated in the factory and made of reinforced concrete. Of course, this example is not limiting and extends to the interior walls banched and poured on site or prefabricated in solid slabs (not shown).

In particular, in the case of an interior wall laid and poured directly on site, the thermal insulation means and the connection reinforcements are positioned and fixed on at least one of the cheeks of the formwork before pouring the filling material. And in the case of an interior wall made from a prefabricated solid slab wall, the thermal insulation means and the connection reinforcements are positioned and fixed in a suitable formwork mold before the pouring of a molding material to form the solid slab of said prefabricated wall. In these different cases and depending on the specifications, thermal insulation means 40 will be chosen which extend over a height at most equal to the thickness of the interior wall produced to create a partial thermal break as explained below. .

In the case of an interior wall 10, 20, 30 produced from a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork, this comprises in known manner two walls 11, 12, superimposed in two parallel planes and kept at a distance from each other on the other by spacers 14 to define an inner formwork 15 intended to be filled with a filling material cast on site, such as concrete. The two walls 11, 12, known by the name of "skins", are hereinafter called first wall 11 and second wall 12 without this definition being limiting. These two walls 11, 12 are preferably of parallelepiped shape and identical dimensions, namely the same width or height, the same length and the same thickness, without however these characteristics being limiting. Indeed, for certain reasons, the shape of the walls could be different from a rectangular parallelepiped and their dimensions could also be different. These two walls 11, 12 are traditionally stiffened by a metal frame, shown in FIGS. 5, 5A by a stiffening mesh 16.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate in more detail the joining edge 13 of the inner wall 10 incorporating thermal insulation means 40 over its entire length and assembled to the outer wall 2 of Figure 1. The thermal insulation means 40 are in the example illustrated, advantageously arranged in the extension of the thermal insulation means 3 provided on the inner face of the exterior walls 2 of the building 1 and thus at least partially ensure continuity of the thermal insulation through the interior of the building 1 (ITI). These thermal insulation means 40 are formed of a discontinuous row of several thermal breakers 41, this row being parallel to the junction edge 13, located in its closest environment to be disposed in the immediate vicinity of the exterior wall 2, or even of the inner face of this outer wall 2. In an embodiment not shown, one can imagine making these thermal insulation means 40 by a single thermal breaker which extends parallel along the junction edge 13 and which has a length lower than that of said junction edge 13 to provide two intervals I at the lower and upper ends of said interior wall to provide mechanical and structural connection with the exterior wall 2 as explained below.

The object of the invention is to create a thermal break at the junction between the exterior wall and the interior wall, to greatly limit the formation of a thermal bridge, this thermal rupture being discontinuous as explained below. In the example shown, the thermal switches 41 are four in number, separated and distant from each other by an interval I, thus forming on either side of each thermal switch 41 a passage for reinforcements of connection 50. These connection reinforcements 50 are in the illustrated example formed of reinforcement cages 51, without this definition being limiting since any type of metallic reinforcements making it possible to ensure a mechanical connection between two construction elements is possible. Thus, the various reinforcement cages 51 of the interior wall 10 are parallel to one another and distributed over the entire length of the junction edge 13, corresponding to the height of the interior wall 10. They protrude inside a zone of junction 4 provided in the outer wall 2 to be able to ensure the mechanical and structural connection of the inner wall 10 with the outer wall 2 when filling this junction area 4 with a filling material, either separately or simultaneously with the filling of the interior formwork 15 of the interior wall 10. This junction zone 4 can correspond either to a separation between two adjacent exterior walls 2, or to a reservation formed by the side-by-side assembly of two adjacent exterior walls 2, or even to a reservation formed in a single exterior wall 2. Depending on the case, the junction area 4 is delimited by an exterior and / or interior formwork. Consequently, the intervals I delimited between the thermal breakers 41 are filled with filling material during filling of the interior formwork 15 of the interior wall 10, and form ribs of reinforced concrete which ensure a continuous mechanical and structural connection between the interior wall 10 and the exterior wall 2.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate three variants of integration of the thermal insulation means 40 in an interior wall 10, 20, 30 produced from a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork. FIG. 4A illustrates the interior wall 10 implemented in FIGS. 1 to 3 and in which the thermal switches 41 are integrated into the first wall 11 by passing right through it, and are flush with the interior face of the second wall 12 without penetrate it. In FIG. 4B, the thermal breakers 41 are integrated into the second wall 12 by passing right through it, and are flush with the internal face of the first wall 12 without penetrating it. And in FIG. 4C, the thermal switches 41 are integrated both in the first wall 11 and in the second wall 12 by passing through them both right through.

The method of manufacturing the interior wall 10, illustrated in FIG. 4A is described more particularly with reference to FIGS. 5 to 9. It is a conventional method of manufacturing prefabricated walls with formwork integrated by molding in a molding material. , such as concrete or the like, of the two walls 11, 12 separately in two separate formwork molds 5, then by assembling the first wall 11 dried and turned over the second wall 12 by immersing the spacers 14 in the fresh concrete from the second wall 12 before drying. In the figures, the formwork molds 5 are shown diagrammatically by a plate, representing the bottom of the mold, the length and width of which correspond to the length and to the width or height of each wall 11, 12. In a first step of the process and with reference to FIG. 5, the spacers 14 and the stiffening meshes 16, as well as any other necessary reinforcing element, are positioned in the formwork mold 5 and in a manner known per se. To make the interior wall 10 according to the invention, there is added to this formwork mold 5 and along an edge which will form the junction edge 13 of said wall several thermal breakers 41 defined below, aligned to form a parallel row at the future junction edge 13, separated from each other by an interval I, and several reinforcement cages 51, extending perpendicular to the future junction edge 13 and each arranged in an interval I. The thermal switches 41 can be fixed directly on the bottom of the formwork mold 5 by gluing for example or any other suitable means to prevent them from moving during the casting of the molding material. The intervals I can be identical and compatible with the width of each reinforcement cage 51, also of identical dimensions. Of course, these examples are not limiting. The length of the thermal switches 41 may or may not be identical. H has been shown in FIG. 5A, two central thermal switches 41 of a first length and two thermal switches 41 of end of a second length less than the first length, in order to adjust the number of thermal switches 41 to the length of said junction edge 13 and to distribute the reinforcement cages 51 evenly over the width or height of said wall, according to the load constraints. When the formwork mold 5 is thus prepared according to FIGS. 5 and 5A, a molding material is poured over a determined thickness to form the first wall 11 of said wall according to FIGS. 6 and 6A, projecting the spacers 14, the thermal breakers 41 and the reinforcement cages 51. In this example, the thermal breakers 41 have a total height less than the height of the spacers 14, and in particular equal to the thickness of the first wall 11 plus the thickness of the internal formwork 15. The first wall 11 is dried to harden the molding material in ambient air, in an oven or by any other known method. In a second step of the method, illustrated in FIG. 7, the stiffening trusses 16, as well as any other necessary reinforcing element, are positioned in another suitable formwork mold 5 and in a manner known per se. flows a molding material over a determined thickness to form the second wall 12 of said wall. In a third step, and before drying of the second wall 12, one returns above the second wall 12, the first wall 11 according to FIG. 8, then the spacers 14 and the reinforcement cages are immersed 51 in the fresh concrete of the second wall 12 according to FIG. 9, the thermal breakers 41 flush or slightly penetrating the second wall 12. The second wall 12 is dried to make the molding material harden. ambient air, in an oven or by any other known process, and mechanically link the two walls 11, 12. The prefabricated interior wall 10 obtained shown in plan view in FIG. 9A only reveals the thermal switches 41 which are flush with the face exterior of the first wall 11. After demolding, the prefabricated interior wall 10 thus produced can be stored and then transported to the site to be assembled with exterior walls 2 in any type of building 1.

The method of manufacturing the prefabricated interior wall 20, illustrated in FIG. 4B is similar to the method which has just been described and is only shown in FIGS. 10 and 10A, which correspond to the last step of said method. In this alternative embodiment, thermal breakers 41 are used having a total height less than the height of the spacers 14, and in particular equal to the thickness of the first wall 11 plus the thickness of the internal formwork 15, as in the previous example. In the first step of the method, the thermal switches 41 are not fixed directly to the bottom of the formwork mold 5, but by means of a receiving support (not shown) to which they are linked, this receiving support being fixed in the formwork mold 5 or to the stiffening trusses 16, so that the thermal breakers 41 are positioned above the first wall 11 without passing through it. Thus, during the step of assembling the first wall 11 to the second wall 12, the spacers 14, the reinforcement cages 51 and the thermal switches 41 are immersed in the fresh concrete of the second wall 12 according to Figure 10 so that the thermal breakers 41 enter the second wall 12 through it. An interior prefabricated interior wall 20 is obtained which is inverted with respect to the preceding wall 10 in which the thermal breakers 41 are flush with the exterior face of the second wall 12. The solution of integrating on the one hand the spacers 14 in the first wall 11 and on the other hand the thermal breakers 41 and the reinforcement cages 51 in the second wall 12 cannot be envisaged. Indeed, the assembly of the two walls 11, 12 requires the penetration of the spacers 14, the thermal breakers 41 and the reinforcement cages 51 in the fresh concrete of the second wall 12 molded last. In fact, all the elements which must be linked or be linked to the two walls 11, 12 must be provided on a single wall 11.

The method of manufacturing the prefabricated interior wall 30, illustrated in FIG. 4C is also similar to the method described for the wall 10 and is only shown in FIGS. 11 and 11 A, which correspond to the last step of said method. In this alternative embodiment, thermal switches 41 are used having a total height greater than the height of the spacers 14, and in particular equal to the thickness of the two walls 11, 12 plus the thickness of the internal formwork 15. In the first step of the process, the thermal breakers 41 are fixed directly to the bottom of the formwork mold 5 to pass through the thickness of the first wall 11. Thus, during the step of assembling the first wall 11 to the second wall 12, the spacers 14, the reinforcement cages 51 and the thermal switches 41 are immersed in the fresh concrete of the second wall 12 according to FIG. 11 so that the thermal switches 41 penetrate into the second wall 12 through it . A prefabricated interior wall 30 is obtained in which the thermal breakers 41 are flush with the exterior face of the first wall 11 and of the second wall 12.

Of course, any other embodiment is possible, in particular that in which the thermal switches 41 do not pass through the first wall 11 or the second wall 12, and thus do not lie flush with any of the exterior faces of said interior wall 10, 20, 30. In in this case, the thermal performance will not be optimal.

In the various examples illustrated, the thermal breakers 41 consist of insulation bars which have the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, without this shape being limiting. In addition, they can all have the same length, or have different lengths as explained above, in particular with reference to FIG. 5A making it possible to adapt the length of the row of thermal switches 41 to the length of the junction edge 13. Their width can be determined as a function of the efficiency of the thermal break sought, but also as a function of the interior insulation layer 3 provided on the interior face of the exterior walls 2. According to their implementation during the manufacture of the interior wall 10, 20, 30, they may or may not be linked to a reception support (not shown). The supports for receiving the thermal switches 41, only present in the alternative embodiment of FIG. 4B, can be in the form of an open container making it possible to receive the thermal switch 41. Other forms may be suitable such as a simple plate, U-shaped stirrups, a mesh basket, etc. Us may include anchoring members to be embedded in the first wall 11 of said wall for example with reference to the variant illustrated in Figures 4B, 10 and 10A. They can be made of synthetic materials, composite materials, wood, metal, cardboard or any compatible material. These reception media may or may not correspond to those described in the applicant's publication FR 2 861 767 B1.

In addition, these thermal breakers 41 each comprise at least one insulating bar, made of one or more at least thermally insulating materials, such as expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane, expanded perlite, cellular concrete, glass wool. , rock wool, cellulose or any other at least thermally insulating material, presented in particles, balls, fibers, bread or more or less compact block. These thermally insulating materials may also have additional properties, in particular fire-resistant properties, or may be combined with other materials providing these additional properties, such as expanded perlite, ceramic, silica-limestone or any other fire-resistant material. fire, presented in particles, balls, fibers, bread or more or less compact block, plate, etc. The insulation rolls can also be packaged in protective packaging or the like to protect them from humidity. In the prefabricated interior walls 10 and 20, according to FIGS. 4A, 4B and 5 to 10, the thermal breakers 41 may have only a thermal insulation function since one of the walls 11, 12 of said wall does not is not crossed by the thermal breakers 41 and thus ensures a tight barrier to flames and gases in the event of fire, as well as to noise. While the interior wall 30 prefabricated according to Figures 4C and 10 must include thermal switches 41 having an additional fire protection function.

Industrial application possibilities:

As explained above, the interior walls 10, 20, 30 according to the invention are manufactured according to a traditional molding process and can then be implemented on site in the traditional way like any other type of wall, prefabricated wall with solid slab or wall with classic integrated formwork. The exterior walls 2 can be produced before or after the implementation of said interior walls 10, 20, 30, depending on the construction technique used. The advantage of the invention which consists in integrating thermal insulation means 40 into the thickness of the interior walls during their manufacture thus offers interior walls 10, 20, 30 with discontinuous thermal breaker making it possible to greatly improve the thermal insulation of buildings from the inside (ΓΓΙ) while preserving the bracing performance of said walls.

It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the goals set, namely a method of manufacturing interior walls, whatever the technique chosen, which is simple and economical to implement, since it does not require to modify neither the manufacturing process, nor the manufacturing molds in the case of prefabricated walls, nor the construction technique on site, and in which the interior walls obtained make it possible to ensure continuity of the interior insulation of the building, but also a continuity of the mechanical and structural connection with the exterior walls. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art.

Claims (24)

Claims 1. Method for manufacturing an interior wall (10, 20, 30), in particular a cross wall, intended to be linked to an exterior wall (2) of a building (1) by at least one of its edges called "Joint edge (13)", characterized in that thermal insulation means (40) are incorporated in the thickness of said interior wall (10, 20, 30) in the immediate vicinity and along said joint edge (13) to create at least part of a thermal break between said interior wall and the exterior wall (2) of the building (1) with which it is intended to be linked, and in that said means are arranged thermal insulation (40) in the thickness of said interior wall in a discontinuous manner along said junction edge (13) to create gaps (I) in which are positioned reinforcement bars (50) for mechanically and structurally bonding said wall interior (10, 20, 30) to said exterior wall (2) of the building (1) when are assembled. 2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that said interior wall is manufactured directly on site by pouring a filling material into an appropriate formwork, and in that, before said interior wall is poured, one positions in said formwork said means of thermal insulation and said connecting frames. 3. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that said interior wall is manufactured from a prefabricated wall in solid slab, and in that, before the casting of a molding material in a mold suitable formwork to form the solid slab, positioning in said formwork mold said thermal insulation means and said connecting frames. 4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that said interior wall (10, 20, 30) is manufactured from a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork, comprising two parallel walls, a first wall (11). and a second wall (12), held at a distance by spacers (14) to delimit an interior formwork (15) capable of being filled with a filling material cast on site, and in that the procedure is as follows: in a first step, positioning at least said spacers (14), said thermal insulation means (40) and said connecting frames (50) in a formwork mold (5) suitable, it is poured into said mold formwork (5) a molding material to form the first wall (11) of said wall; in a second step, a filling material is poured into another formwork mold (5) suitable for forming the second wall (12) of said wall; and in a third step and before the second wall (12) hardens, the first wall (11) is returned above the second wall (12), making at least said spacers (14) and said reinforcements penetrate connecting (50) in the fresh molding material of the second wall (12). 5. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one chooses thermal insulation means (40) which extend over a height at most equal to the thickness of said interior wall. 6. Manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, one chooses thermal insulation means (40) having a height less than the height of the spacers (14), and at least equal to the thickness d one of the walls (11, 12) added to the thickness of the interior formwork (15), and in that, during the first step of said method, said means of thermal insulation (40) are fixed in said mold formwork (5) so that they pass through the thickness of said first wall (11). 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, one chooses thermal insulation means (40) having a height less than the height of the spacers (14), and at least equal to the thickness d 'a wall (11, 12) added to the thickness of the interior formwork (15), and in that, during the first step of said method, said means of thermal insulation (40) are fixed in said mold formwork (5) by means of receiving supports so that they do not pass through the thickness of said first wall (11). 8. Manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, one chooses thermal insulation means (40) having a height greater than the height of the spacers (14), and substantially equal to the thickness of the two walls (11, 12) plus the thickness of the interior formwork (15), and in that, during the first step of said method, said thermal insulation means (40) are fixed in said formwork mold ( 5) so that they pass through the thickness of said first wall (11), and during the third step, the spacers (14), the connection frames (50) and said thermal insulation means are penetrated (40) in the fresh molding material of the second wall (12) so that the latter pass through the thickness of said second wall (12). 9. The manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, to form said thermal insulation means, a single thermal breaker having a length less than that of the junction edge of said wall is used to save at its ends two intervals (I). 10. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, to form said thermal insulation means (40), using several thermal breakers (41) aligned in a row parallel to said edge junction (13) and spaced from each other to provide said gap (I) between two consecutive thermal switches (41). 11. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that each thermal breaker (41) is produced from at least one insulating bar, fixed or not attached to a receiving support. . 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, characterized in that said thermal breaker (41) and / or said insulating bar also has fire-resistant properties. 13. Interior wall (10, 20, 30), in particular a cross wall, intended to be linked to an exterior wall (2) of a building (1) by one of its edges called “junction edge (13)” , characterized in that said interior wall (11, 20, 30) is obtained from the method according to any one of the preceding claims, and in that it comprises thermal insulation means (40) arranged in the thickness of said wall in the immediate vicinity and along said junction edge (13) intended to create at least partially a thermal break between said interior wall (10, 20, 30) and the exterior wall (2) of said building (1 ) when linked to the latter, said thermal insulation means (40) being arranged in the thickness of said wall in a discontinuous manner along said junction edge (13) to create gaps (I) in which are positioned connecting reinforcements (50) intended to mechanically and structurally connect the edit interior wall (10, 20, 30) to said exterior wall (2) of the building (1) when assembled. 14. Interior wall according to claim 13, characterized in that it consists of a wall poured directly on site integrating said thermal insulation means and said connecting reinforcements. 15. Interior wall according to claim 13, characterized in that it consists of a prefabricated wall in solid slab integrating said thermal insulation means and said connecting reinforcements. 16. Interior wall according to claim 13, characterized in that it consists of a prefabricated wall with integrated formwork comprising two parallel walls, a first wall (11) and a second wall (12), held at a distance by spacers. to define an interior formwork (15) capable of being filled with a filling material cast on site, and further integrating said thermal insulation means and said connecting reinforcements. 17. Interior wall according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the thermal insulation means (40) extend over a height at most equal to the thickness of said wall. 18. Interior wall according to claim 17, characterized in that said thermal insulation means (40) extend over a height at least equal to the thickness of one of the walls (11, 12) added to the thickness of the interior formwork (15) of said wall. 19. Interior wall according to claim 18, characterized in that the thermal insulation means (40) pass through the first wall (11) and the second wall (12) and are flush with the exterior faces of said wall. 20. Internal wall according to claim 18, characterized in that the thermal insulation means (40) pass through one of the walls (11, 12) and are flush with the corresponding external face of said wall. 21. Interior wall according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that said thermal insulation means comprise a single thermal breaker, parallel to said joining edge (13), having a length less than that of the joining edge (13) to provide at its ends two intervals (I). 22. Interior wall according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that said thermal insulation means (40) comprise several thermal breakers (41) aligned in a row parallel to said junction edge (13) and distant l 'from one another to provide an interval (I) between two consecutive thermal switches (41). 23. Interior wall according to any one of claims 21 and 22, characterized in that each thermal breaker (41) comprises at least one insulating bar, fixed or not to a receiving support. 24. Interior wall according to claim 23, characterized in that said thermal breaker (41) and / or said insulating bar also has fire-resistant properties. 1/5