EP1222340B1 - Formwork with a filtering wall - Google Patents

Formwork with a filtering wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1222340B1
EP1222340B1 EP00971470A EP00971470A EP1222340B1 EP 1222340 B1 EP1222340 B1 EP 1222340B1 EP 00971470 A EP00971470 A EP 00971470A EP 00971470 A EP00971470 A EP 00971470A EP 1222340 B1 EP1222340 B1 EP 1222340B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
skin
bar
formwork
tensioning
formwork according
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EP00971470A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1222340A1 (en
Inventor
Francoise Dauron
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Individual
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Individual
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/20Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8658Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0636Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
    • E04C5/064Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a formwork with a filtering wall.
  • the casting of these elements is carried out as follows: formwork on one face for the horizontal structures and pouring between the two formwork faces for the vertical structures.
  • the forms used are sealed members that hold the concrete in the desired shape until the catch and will then be removed after this take.
  • the concrete necessarily in the fluid state at the time of casting, remains in the state of fluid until the setting and therefore applies on the walls of the formwork a hydrostatic pressure proportional to the casting height.
  • This method describes a formwork at least one of the faces is composed of a metal grid, which allows the evacuation of excess water contained in the concrete, which makes the concrete from the fluid state to the state of semisolid.
  • the filling material which no longer behaves like a fluid, no longer develops high wall forces and makes it possible to work with lighter forms (for example 50 to 80 times) than those used in conventional processes.
  • the wall is made of thin steel strips located in the junction plane of these two materials and substantially perpendicular to the general face of the structure.
  • GB-A-1,424,122 is also known , a bag forming a formwork whose walls are hooked to a grid by means of fastening parts maintaining a spacing between the grid and the walls of the bag.
  • the wall deforms during filling of the bag and, consequently, the wall, on the one hand, does not participate in the settlement of the concrete and on the other hand, does not remain flat but is deformed between the hanging parts ".
  • the object of the invention tends to remedy these drawbacks and in particular the disadvantages listed above and particularly those resulting from corrosion of the skin and structural elements.
  • the filter wall formwork comprises a load-bearing frame having on at least one of its two faces a filtering wall having gaps of given sizes to allow excess water to escape from the concrete, but in particular to retain the aggregates, this wall formwork filtering device being characterized in that the filtering wall consists of a flexible skin maintained, on the one hand, at a predetermined distance from the carrying frame by spacers and, on the other hand, stretched by means of voltage.
  • this formwork with filtering wall comprises a carrier frame 2 having on at least one of its two faces a filtering wall 3 having gaps of determined sizes to let out the excess water of the concrete but to retain the aggregates, .
  • this formwork the filtering wall consists of a flexible skin 3A maintained, on the one hand, at a predetermined distance from the carrying frame by spacer pieces 4 and, on the other hand, stretched in at least two orthogonal directions by tensioning means.
  • the flexible skin does not keep its position in a plane. It is important that after tension of this soft skin, it remains in a plane and does not curve. It is not the concrete pressure that gives the tension of the flexible wall.
  • the filtering filter wall with inertia object of the invention, consists of the following elements, described from the outside inside, that is to say from the surface in the heart of the filling.
  • a skin 3A is made by weaving yarns of composite material, for example epoxy resin glass fiber.
  • the wires will be direction substantially perpendicular and will form approximately regular rectangular openings whose size will be a function of the particle size of the filling material to be used (for example 8 x 10 cm for a concrete whose coarse aggregates are 5/15 and whose SLUMP is 14 cm).
  • the material retained for the threads constituting the skin must have mechanical characteristics (strength and modulus of elasticity) to withstand tensile forces during assembly (25kg per thread for example) and be inert with respect to filling materials and materials. atmospheric agents.
  • this skin has, along the generatrices, elongated loops which extend orthogonally to the plane of the wall which loops are associated with the bearing structure by a locking bar 6 called behind the vertical elements 7 of the structure carrier, and through these loops is engaged a second bar 8 said tensioning maintained at a distance from the first bar by parts 4 said spacer spaced between the tensioning bar and the carrier structure 2.
  • the loops are created with the help of the tension bar of small substantially cylindrical section (diameter 2 mm for example) made of inert material to corrosion with respect to the filling materials. and atmospheric agents (eg stainless steel).
  • This bar is inserted during or after the realization of the skin, so as to delimit a succession of loops with the skin.
  • the length of each loop is a function of the desired level of coating, for example 30 mm.
  • the weave of the bar with the skin is made to leave the son perpendicular to the loop that constitute the skin, alternately above and below the bar.
  • the outer thread of the skin parallel to the locking loop will have a "zig-zag" path as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • This spacer or spacer will be dimensionally stable under the tensile force of the spring constituted by the tension of the loops.
  • the Ves that rest on the locking bar 8 and the iron 7 will not be located in the same plane so as to constitute a three-dimensional structure.
  • the traction spring effect is achieved, for example, by the tensile elasticity of the skin loops and the low elastic deformation of the tensioning bars and locking.
  • the structure is indeformable.
  • the spacer determines a spacing between the planes containing the axes of the tensioning bars and locking, while imposing a substantially orthogonal position between these two axes. This distance is greater than the length at rest of the spring (loop), increased by the half diameter of the support iron, plus the diameter of the locking bar 6.
  • the spring 100 which is in a state of traction develops efforts F400 and F'400 at the fasteners on the tensioning bars and locking.
  • reaction force F400 is applied to the contact zone which can be reduced to a point between the iron 7 and the locking bar.
  • This force F400 and its reaction F300 have induced a friction force F530 which depends on the materials in contact and which will be much higher if the bars or irons steel "Tor" for example, have reliefs intended to increase the attachment of these frames in the filling product.
  • the primary function will be realized thanks to the dimensions given to these openings and the size of the wires which determine them.
  • the minimum fine rejects that constitutes the resistance element of the filling will be obtained if the d / h ratio is less than the tangent of the friction angle of the filling.
  • the size of the mesh will be smaller than the largest of the dimensions of the granulate used in the composition of the filling material (10 mm for example).
  • the skin will be largely open.
  • the surface will be constituted by a crisscrossing of fine elements (son for example) which determine voids of determined section.
  • the third function is formed by forming on the web that constitutes the skin loops that are arranged at substantially equal distances (100 mm for example).
  • loops wrap the locking bar at the end farthest from the general surface of the skin.
  • the intersection of the loop plane and the general plane is on one of the threads that make up the skin.
  • the tension bar 8 is disposed in abutment with the intersecting wire.
  • tensioning bar is associated with the skin so as to pass alternately above and below the loop son perpendicular to the general surface of the skin ( Figure 4).
  • the line described by the intersecting wire is a broken line whose distance "v" is determined by the diameter of the locking bar 8 and the son that make up the skin.
  • the tension bar 8 will be rewoven onto the chain of the mesh.
  • This retissage will be performed after elongation of the weft thread of the skin intersection of the loop plane with the general plane of the skin so that the distance L1 does not vary.
  • the fourth function is carried out by placing the spacer pieces 4 which bear on the bars by means of shapes or notches. As shown in FIG. 1, the distance D6 from the bearing planes will be greater than the value D4 - D3 determined by the length D1 of the skin loop at rest and the sections of the bars 6, 7 and 8. Thanks to this arrangement, the installation of the spacer will cause an elongation warp son of the loops perpendicular to the general surface of the skin which will determine a tensile force (10kg / thread for example), depending on the characteristics of the son component skin.
  • the locking notches of the spacers on the support bars will be located in planes secants to those on the bars of setting voltage.
  • the fifth function is carried out as represented in FIG. 4 by putting under tension before laying the spacers of the warp threads of the general surface of the skin perpendicular to the loop planes and situated between these loops;
  • This arrangement which limits the passage of the large aggregates that enter into the composition of the filling material, allows the constant value of this diameter of coarse aggregates, to increase the value of L2, thus to reduce the number of skin threads and thereby even to lower the price of this skin.
  • the tensile forces determine a prestressing of the skin threads which will behave like a stretched membrane.
  • the skin is fixed in the upper part and in the lower part on parts 13 abutment.
  • This attachment can be achieved for example by means of rivets 14 which trap the weft and warp threads of the skin in a groove 15 executed in the abutment pieces.
  • the abutment parts are provided with bores 16 in which the structural bars are engaged with a game calculated so as to achieve an arching under the bending moment caused by the tensile force imposed on the skin.
  • the locking on the support bar 7 is carried out according to at least one support 9a (and possibly 9b) situated in a substantially middle position of the spacer 4.
  • the shapes of the supports 9a (and 9b) allow the guiding of the hooks which connect the two reinforcing plies arranged on both sides of the concrete structure.
  • the spacers 4 can be fixed before assembly of the panel on the hooks connecting the two reinforcing beds of the structure.
  • the dimensions of the spacers 4 have, at rest, values of distance L between supports and H empty height, which allow a traction of the filtering skin after release of the spacer and locking of the latter on the bar 7.
  • This arrangement also reduces the risk of deformation of the filter skin during the pouring of the filling material. Indeed, under the effect of the pressure during casting, the skin tends to flex between its supports constituted by the beam composed by the folds and bars 6 and 8.
  • This deflection causes, to a small extent, an elongation of the warp threads of the skin and an approximation of the locking bars 8.
  • This approximation is strongly prevented by the presence of the spacers and the three-dimensional supports determined by the shapes 9a (and 9b), 10a. (and 10b) which form substantially indeformable pyramids between the locking bars 8 which define the formwork plane of the filtering skin and the support bars 7 positioned in a plane other than that of the bars 8.
  • the principle can be extended in isolated filter wall mode.
  • the developed principle greatly reduces the hydrostatic pressure during the pouring of the filling material into the formwork.
  • This property makes it possible to use fibrous materials as a formwork wall.
  • these fibrous products have, by their very nature, a low resistance to deformation when they are subjected to compressive forces. This crushing of the fibers leads to decreases in the thermal resistance which makes these products unfit for their use.
  • the dissipation of energy through the fibers is proportional to the contact area between the fibrous material and the mass volume that the wall represents.
  • the fibrous wall is attached to the wall after hardening of the material which constitutes the latter. Fixing is performed mechanically by distributed points on the contact surface. Apart from the fact that these mechanical fasteners most often constitute acoustic bridges, it is easy to understand that the dissipated energy is a function of the number of these fasteners, which are limited by the economic conditions.
  • the proposed principle makes it possible to overcome these problems by producing a filtering complex, thanks to the use of permeable fibrous materials, directly in contact with the filling material (concrete) as soon as it is poured. Under these conditions, the milt of concrete (or selected hydraulic binder) which penetrates a small thickness in the fibrous material (1 to 2 mm), provides an intimate connection of the fibrous wall with the mass of the veil or slab.
  • this insulation will be disposed on the outer face of the work to be insulated.
  • a partially or totally fibrous insulator but of water permeable nature; this insulator, which may be composed of one or more materials, one of which makes it possible to produce the projection wall for the fibrous insulating part.
  • This fibrous insulation is welded to the mass of the filling material by incorporation on the surface of the milt of said filling material.
  • Said insulation, composite or not, is provided on one side with a crenellated profile providing an air passage on the opposite side to that in contact with the filler material.
  • outer plaster is projected on a film disposed on the tops of the insulating support forms, and being armed by the weft and warp son constituting the grid.
  • the coating is bonded to the weight of the filler material by means of fasteners, one end of which is sealed to the filler and the other to the filler material.
  • the fasteners are arranged in secant planes, at least one of the ends is covered with a sheath made of insulating elastic material.
  • the fasteners are completed, in the portion intended to be sealed in the mass of the filling material, by a spring ensuring effective sealing in said filler material and a compression of the insulation against the gate before casting of the latter.
  • the folds of the grid extend so as to pass through the insulation and the air gap.
  • the folds being blocked by a second locking thread woven into the chain, so as to ensure the outer continuity of the skin and its tensioning.
  • the bars 6 and 7 are those of one of the faces of the reinforcing cage.
  • the filtering filter wall disposed on the underside rests on intermediate supports 140, arranged at sufficient intervals before taking up the loads following the pouring of concrete as well as those caused by the workers carrying out the work.
  • the laying is done formwork unfolded and set to desired thickness, ie fixed clips, the formwork thus obtained offer the advantage of a three-dimensional structure whose resistance to bending forces is much higher than that of traditional formwork a face.
  • the distance between the support struts 140 can be increased and their number of these was decreased, resulting in a decrease in time and thus the price of installation.
  • the complex created by the juxtaposition of these two technologies has no upper wall.
  • the casting is carried out without difficulty by the upper face.
  • the reinforcements of the cage are by construction located at a distance from the shuttering face greater than that required to ensure a minimum coating.
  • the bars 6 and 7 are those of one of the faces of the reinforcement cage.
  • the filtering filter wall disposed on one side allows the evacuation of the excess water or mobility water and thereby ensures the passage of the filling from the fluid state to the semi-solid state, which results in a significant decrease in the hydrostatic pressure (which is divided of the order of 7 to 10 compared to the traditional pouring between sealed forms).
  • the rough surface rough and bumpy obtained thanks to the filtering wall, has a complementary advantage with regard to the fastening capabilities for waterproof facing exterior finish.
  • a veil has an outer face that will be covered with an outer finish facing, the other interior can be rough or simply treated with a painted coating.
  • This inner face should be as smooth and strong as possible.
  • the sealed wall 130 which may be wood, metal or made of another material, is thin because of the small importance of the forces resulting from the hydrostatic pressure applied to these faces.
  • Fixing the watertight walls is effected by means of clips 140 fixed at a required interval (0.5 meters for example) on the vertical reinforcements which are perpendicular to the largest joint line (horizontal in the example described).
  • the present description also applies by permuting height and length as well as vertical and horizontal.
  • the clips determine a space at least equal to the value defined as the minimum coating value of the amide steels by the regulations.
  • This value is defined by the ribs between the hooking shape 60 on the reinforcing bar which is substantially perpendicular to the largest joint line of the panel 130 and the bearing face of said panel.
  • This bearing face is itself determined by the distance between the flanks of the clip which is substantially equal to the thickness of the waterproof form panels.
  • the integral part of the filling material after taking the latter comprises torsion breaking primers 61 located inside the filling material.
  • the reinforcements of the cage are, by construction, located at a distance from the shuttering face greater than that required to ensure a minimum coating.
  • Complementary frames that are based on those that constitute the cage are of course and without adding spacers, at a regulatory distance.

Abstract

The invention relates to formwork with a filtering wall, comprising a load-bearing frame provided with a filtering wall (3) on at least one of the surfaces thereof, whereby said filtering wall has holes of specific dimensions so that surplus water can be drained off from the concrete and the concrete aggregates can be retained. The formwork is characterized in that the filtering wall (3) is comprised of a flexible skin (3A) which is kept at a specific distance from the load-bearing frame by means of spacers (4) and tensioned in at least two orthogonal directions by tensioning means.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un coffrage à paroi filtrante.The invention relates to a formwork with a filtering wall.

Les ouvrages en béton sont de deux types :

  • horizontaux (cas des dalles),
  • verticaux (cas des voiles).
Concrete structures are of two types:
  • horizontal (case of slabs),
  • vertical (sails).

Le coulage de ces éléments est réalisé de la façon suivante : coffrage sur une face pour les ouvrages horizontaux et coulage entre les deux faces coffrantes pour les ouvrages verticaux.The casting of these elements is carried out as follows: formwork on one face for the horizontal structures and pouring between the two formwork faces for the vertical structures.

Le plus généralement, les coffrages utilisés sont des organes étanches qui maintiennent le béton dans la forme désirée jusqu'à la prise et qui seront ensuite retirés après cette prise.Most commonly, the forms used are sealed members that hold the concrete in the desired shape until the catch and will then be removed after this take.

Dans cette technique, le béton nécessairement à l'état fluide au moment du coulage, reste à l'état de fluide jusqu'à la prise et donc applique sur les parois des coffrages une pression hydrostatique proportionnelle à la hauteur de coulage.In this technique, the concrete necessarily in the fluid state at the time of casting, remains in the state of fluid until the setting and therefore applies on the walls of the formwork a hydrostatic pressure proportional to the casting height.

Cette pression développe des efforts importants qui impliquent l'utilisation de coffrages résistants et donc très lourds.This pressure develops significant efforts that involve the use of formwork resistant and therefore very heavy.

Pour pallier à cet inconvénient, une autre technologie a été développée depuis quelques années.To overcome this disadvantage, another technology has been developed in recent years.

Ce procédé décrit un coffrage dont au moins une des faces est composée d'une grille métallique, qui permet l'évacuation de l'eau excédentaire contenue dans le béton, ce qui fait passer ce béton de l'état fluide à l'état de semi-solide.This method describes a formwork at least one of the faces is composed of a metal grid, which allows the evacuation of excess water contained in the concrete, which makes the concrete from the fluid state to the state of semisolid.

Le matériau de remplissage qui ne se comporte plus comme un fluide ne développe plus des forces élevées sur les parois et permet de travailler avec des coffrages plus légers (par exemple 50 à 80 fois) que ceux utilisés dans les procédés classiques.The filling material, which no longer behaves like a fluid, no longer develops high wall forces and makes it possible to work with lighter forms (for example 50 to 80 times) than those used in conventional processes.

Cette technologie présente cependant des inconvénients. Citons entre autres :

  • la corrosion des parois qui, situées sur les faces extérieures et donc non protégées par un enrobage suffisant du béton sont exposées aux agressions des agents atmosphériques,
  • la corrosion des parois qui, situées sur les faces extérieures et donc non protégées par un enrobage suffisant du béton sont exposées aux agressions des agents atmosphériques,
  • une faible participation des composants métalliques du coffrage aux descentes de charges de l'ouvrage. Cette faible participation étant due, d'une part, à un mauvais accrochage des éléments métalliques au matériau de remplissage, d'autre part, à une prise en compte discutable de ces éléments compte tenu des risques de corrosion affectant la durabilité de ces parties métalliques,
  • la difficulté d'adjoindre des armatures complémentaires consécutive à la structure même du procédé,
  • les risques de blessures des ouvriers, même si elles sont limitées à de petites coupures, qui sont dues à la manipulation d'un produit coupant,
  • le risque de désolidarisation des endults de finition rapportés sur l'ouvrage brut.
This technology, however, has disadvantages. Among others:
  • corrosion of the walls which, located on the outer faces and thus not protected by a sufficient coating of the concrete are exposed to the aggressions of the atmospheric agents,
  • corrosion of the walls which, located on the outer faces and thus not protected by a sufficient coating of the concrete are exposed to the aggressions of the atmospheric agents,
  • a low participation of the metal components of the formwork to the descents of loads of the structure. This low participation is due, on the one hand, to a poor attachment of the metallic elements to the filling material, on the other hand, to a questionable consideration of these elements given the risks of corrosion affecting the durability of these metal parts. ,
  • the difficulty of adding complementary reinforcement following the structure of the process,
  • the risk of injury to workers, even if they are limited to small cuts, which are due to the handling of a cutting product,
  • the risk of uncoupling the finishing results reported on the raw structure.

Cette désolidarisation provient en partie du mauvais accrochage du matériau qui constitue la paroi. De plus, la paroi est constituée de fines lamelles d'acier situées dans le plan de jonction de ces deux matériaux et sensiblement perpendiculaires à la face générale de l'ouvrage.This separation is partly due to the poor attachment of the material that constitutes the wall. In addition, the wall is made of thin steel strips located in the junction plane of these two materials and substantially perpendicular to the general face of the structure.

En cas de déformation de la paroi, due par exemple, à la dilatation, ces lamelles constituent de véritables couteaux pour l'enduit.

  • l'obligation d'effectuer un enduit de finition sur la ou les faces visibles.
In case of deformation of the wall, due for example to the expansion, these slats are real knives for the coating.
  • the obligation to perform a finishing coating on the visible face (s).

On connaît également du document GB-A-1.424.112, un sac formant un coffrage dont les parois sont accrochées à une grille grâce à des pièces d'accrochage maintenant un écartement entre la grille et les parois du sac. Toutefois, compte tenu de la structure des différents éléments, sac, grille et pièces d'accrochage, la paroi se déforme lors du remplissage du sac et, par conséquent, la paroi, d'une part, ne participe pas au tassement du béton et, d'autre part, ne reste pas plane mais se déforme entre les pièces d'accrochage ». GB-A-1,424,122 is also known , a bag forming a formwork whose walls are hooked to a grid by means of fastening parts maintaining a spacing between the grid and the walls of the bag. However, given the structure of the various elements, bag, grid and attachment parts, the wall deforms during filling of the bag and, consequently, the wall, on the one hand, does not participate in the settlement of the concrete and on the other hand, does not remain flat but is deformed between the hanging parts ".

L'objet de l'invention tend à remédier à ces inconvénients et notamment aux inconvénients énumérés précédemment et particulièrement ceux consécutifs à la corrosion de la peau et des éléments de structures.The object of the invention tends to remedy these drawbacks and in particular the disadvantages listed above and particularly those resulting from corrosion of the skin and structural elements.

Le coffrage à paroi filtrante comprend une armature porteuse présentant sur au moins l'une de ses deux faces une paroi filtrante présentant des lacunes de tailles déterminées pour laisser s'échapper l'eau excédentaire du béton mais retenir notamment les agrégats, ce coffrage à paroi filtrante étant caractérisé en ce que la paroi filtrante est constituée d'une peau souple maintenue, d'une part, à une distance prédéterminée de l'armature porteuse par des pièces d'écartement et, d'autre part, tendue par des moyens de tension.The filter wall formwork comprises a load-bearing frame having on at least one of its two faces a filtering wall having gaps of given sizes to allow excess water to escape from the concrete, but in particular to retain the aggregates, this wall formwork filtering device being characterized in that the filtering wall consists of a flexible skin maintained, on the one hand, at a predetermined distance from the carrying frame by spacers and, on the other hand, stretched by means of voltage.

L'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description ci-après faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente schématiquement :

  • figure 1 : une vue en coupe du principe de l'invention,
  • figure 2 : une vue en élévation du principe,
  • figure 3 : une vue en coupe du principe de blocage de la structure,
  • figure 4 : une vue en élévation de la pose de la grille sur la structure,
  • figure 5 : une vue en coupe de la boucle suivant le fil pair de la grille,
  • figure 6 : une vue en coupe de la boucle suivant le fil impair de la grille,
  • figure 7 : une vue en élévation d'un détail de la grille après mise en traction,
  • figure 8 : une vue en coupe d'équilibre du matériau de remplissage sur la grille,
  • figure 9 : une vue en perspective de la grille et de la structure sans représentation du clip de blocage,
  • figure 10 : une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation du clip d'accrochage structure/paroi,
  • figure 11 : une vue en plan du même mode de réalisation du clip d'accrochage structure/paroi/crochet de liaison,
  • figure 12 : vue en perspective de la pose sur la paroi du clip d'accrochage en mode paroi seule,
  • figure 13 : vue en perspective de la pose sur la paroi du clip d'accrochage en mode paroi associé à une cage d'armature,
  • figure 14 : une vue en élévation d'un type de clip d'accrochage,
  • figure 15 : une vue de dessus du même type de clip d'accrochage,
  • figure 16 : une vue en coupe du même type de clip d'accrochage,
  • figure 17 : une vue partielle en coupe transversale du coffrage suivant l'invention en utilisation pour dalle,
  • figure 18 : une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale du coffrage suivant l'invention en utilisation pour dalle,
  • figure 19 : une vue en perspective d'utilisation en voile de la paroi,
  • figure 20 : une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation du clip de panneau lisse,
  • figure 21 : une vue en coupe des fixations en parties supérieure et inférieure de la peau membrane sur le squelette résistant.
  • figure 22 : vue en coupe suivant la hauteur des pièces constituant la paroi selon un mode isolé,
  • figure 23 : vue en coupe AA suivant la largeur,
  • figure 24 : vue de la pièce de fixation de l'enduit sur l'élément porteur du voile,
  • figure 25 : vue en perspective d'une paroi selon un mode isolé,
  • figure 26 : vue en perspective d'une variante de clip,
  • figures 27a, 27b : vues en perspective d'une structure avec clip;
  • figure 28. vue en perspective d'un coffrage avec clip.
The invention will be better understood using the following description given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawing which schematically shows:
  • FIG. 1: a sectional view of the principle of the invention,
  • FIG. 2: an elevational view of the principle,
  • FIG. 3: a sectional view of the blocking principle of the structure,
  • FIG. 4: an elevational view of the laying of the grid on the structure,
  • FIG. 5: a sectional view of the loop following the even wire of the grid,
  • FIG. 6: a sectional view of the loop following the odd wire of the grid,
  • FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a detail of the grid after tensioning,
  • FIG. 8: an equilibrium sectional view of the filling material on the grid,
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the grid and the structure without representation of the locking clip,
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the structure / wall hooking clip,
  • FIG. 11: a plan view of the same embodiment of the structure / wall / hook hook fastening clip,
  • FIG. 12: perspective view of the installation on the wall of the hanging clip in wall-only mode,
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the laying on the wall of the hanging clip in wall mode associated with a reinforcement cage;
  • FIG. 14 is an elevational view of a type of fastening clip,
  • FIG. 15: a view from above of the same type of fastening clip,
  • FIG. 16: a sectional view of the same type of hooking clip,
  • FIG. 17: a partial cross-sectional view of the formwork according to the invention in use for slab,
  • FIG. 18: a partial view in longitudinal section of the formwork according to the invention in use for slab,
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the use of the wall as a sail,
  • FIG. 20: a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the smooth panel clip,
  • Figure 21: a sectional view of the fasteners in upper and lower parts of the membrane skin on the resistant skeleton.
  • FIG. 22: sectional view along the height of the parts constituting the wall in an isolated mode,
  • FIG. 23: sectional view AA along the width,
  • FIG. 24: view of the fastening part of the coating on the element carrying the web,
  • FIG. 25: perspective view of a wall in an isolated mode,
  • FIG. 26: perspective view of a variant of a clip,
  • figures 27a, 27b: perspective views of a structure with a clip;
  • figure 28. perspective view of a formwork with clip.

En se reportant aux dessins 1 et 2 on voit un coffrage à paroi filtrante.Referring to drawings 1 and 2 there is a filter wall formwork.

Classiquement, ce coffrage à paroi filtrante comprend une armature 2 porteuse présentant sur au moins l'une de ses deux faces une paroi 3 filtrante présentant des lacunes de tailles déterminées pour laisser s'échapper l'eau excédentaire du béton mais retenir notamment les agrégats,.Conventionally, this formwork with filtering wall comprises a carrier frame 2 having on at least one of its two faces a filtering wall 3 having gaps of determined sizes to let out the excess water of the concrete but to retain the aggregates, .

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention ce coffrage la paroi filtrante est constituée d'une peau souple 3A maintenue, d'une part, à une distance prédéterminée de l'armature porteuse par des pièces 4 d'écartement et, d'autre part, tendue dans au moins deux directions orthogonales par des moyens de tension.According to a characteristic of the invention, this formwork the filtering wall consists of a flexible skin 3A maintained, on the one hand, at a predetermined distance from the carrying frame by spacer pieces 4 and, on the other hand, stretched in at least two orthogonal directions by tensioning means.

A défaut de ces moyens de tension, la peau souple ne garde pas sa position dans un plan. Il est important qu'après tension de cette peau souple, celle-ci reste dans un plan et ne s'incurve pas. Ce n'est pas la pression du béton qui donne la tension de la paroi souple.In the absence of these means of tension, the flexible skin does not keep its position in a plane. It is important that after tension of this soft skin, it remains in a plane and does not curve. It is not the concrete pressure that gives the tension of the flexible wall.

La paroi coffrante filtrante à inertie, objet de l'invention, se compose des éléments suivants, décrits de l'extérieur à l'intérieur, c'est à dire de la surface au coeur du remplissage.The filtering filter wall with inertia, object of the invention, consists of the following elements, described from the outside inside, that is to say from the surface in the heart of the filling.

Une peau 3A est réalisée par tissage de fils en matière composite, par exemple, fibre de verre résine époxy. Les fils seront de direction sensiblement perpendiculaire et formeront des ouvertures approximativement rectangulaires régulières dont la dimension sera fonction de la granulométrie du matériau de remplissage qui sera utilisé (par exemple 8 x 10 cm pour un béton dont les gros granulats sont en 5/15 et dont le SLUMP est de 14 cm). La matière retenue pour les fils constituant la peau devra présenter des caractéristiques mécaniques (résistance et module d'élasticité) permettant de supporter les efforts de traction au montage (25kg par fil par exemple) et être inerte vis à vis des matériaux de remplissage et des agents atmosphériques.A skin 3A is made by weaving yarns of composite material, for example epoxy resin glass fiber. The wires will be direction substantially perpendicular and will form approximately regular rectangular openings whose size will be a function of the particle size of the filling material to be used (for example 8 x 10 cm for a concrete whose coarse aggregates are 5/15 and whose SLUMP is 14 cm). The material retained for the threads constituting the skin must have mechanical characteristics (strength and modulus of elasticity) to withstand tensile forces during assembly (25kg per thread for example) and be inert with respect to filling materials and materials. atmospheric agents.

Selon l'invention localement cette peau présente au long de génératrices des boucles 5 allongées qui s'étendent orthogonalement au plan de la paroi lesquelles boucles sont associées à la structure porteuse par un barreau 6 dit de verrouillage engagé derrières les éléments 7 verticaux de la structure porteuse, et au travers de ces boucles est engagé un second barreau 8 dit de mise en tension maintenu à distance du premier barreau par des pièces 4 dite d'écartement arc-bouté entre le barreau de mise en tension et la structure 2 porteuse.According to the invention locally this skin has, along the generatrices, elongated loops which extend orthogonally to the plane of the wall which loops are associated with the bearing structure by a locking bar 6 called behind the vertical elements 7 of the structure carrier, and through these loops is engaged a second bar 8 said tensioning maintained at a distance from the first bar by parts 4 said spacer spaced between the tensioning bar and the carrier structure 2.

Si on examine en détail cette configuration on voit que les boucles sont crées à l'aide du barreau de mise en tension de faible section sensiblement cylindrique (diamètre 2 mm par exemple) réalisé en matière inerte à la corrosion vis à vis des matériaux de remplissage et des agents atmosphériques (par exemple en acier inoxydable ). Ce barreau est inséré pendant ou après la réalisation de la peau, de façon à délimiter une succession de boucles avec la peau.If we examine in detail this configuration we see that the loops are created with the help of the tension bar of small substantially cylindrical section (diameter 2 mm for example) made of inert material to corrosion with respect to the filling materials. and atmospheric agents (eg stainless steel). This bar is inserted during or after the realization of the skin, so as to delimit a succession of loops with the skin.

La longueur de chaque boucle est fonction du niveau d'enrobage désiré, par exemple 30 mm.The length of each loop is a function of the desired level of coating, for example 30 mm.

Le tissage du barreau avec la peau est réalisé de façon à laisser les fils perpendiculaires à la boucle qui constituent la peau, alternativement au dessus et au dessous du barreau. Ainsi, le fil extérieur de la peau parallèle à la boucle de blocage aura une un cheminement en « zig-zag» comme il est représenté aux figures 4 à 6.The weave of the bar with the skin is made to leave the son perpendicular to the loop that constitute the skin, alternately above and below the bar. Thus, the outer thread of the skin parallel to the locking loop will have a "zig-zag" path as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.

Pour la mise en tension il est donc prévu :

  • deux barreaux 6,8 perpendiculaires au plans des boucles et de section sensiblement cylindrique adaptée à la flèche sous charge de flexion suivant cet axe, désirée (par exemple diamètre 6 mm),
    l'un 6 des barreaux prend appui sur la structure porteuse en retenant les boucles tandis que l'autre 8 prend appui de l'autre coté des boucles au plus prés de la peau filtrante et
  • au moins localement des pièces 4 de maintien de l'écartement entre la peau coffrante et la structure porteuse.
For the setting in tension it is thus envisaged:
  • two bars 6,8 perpendicular to the plane of the loops and of substantially cylindrical section adapted to the arrow under bending load along this axis, desired (for example diameter 6 mm),
    one 6 of the bars is supported on the supporting structure by retaining the loops while the other 8 is supported on the other side of the loops closest to the filtering skin and
  • at least locally parts 4 for maintaining the spacing between the formwork skin and the supporting structure.

Ces pièces 4 de maintien de l'écartement prennent appui d'une part sur les fers 7 à béton dits d'appui constituant la structure porteuse et le barreau 8 de mise en tension situé au plus près de la peau coffrante .These pieces 4 of maintaining the spacing are supported on the one hand on the irons 7 so-called concrete support constituting the supporting structure and the bar 8 tensioning located closest to the skin formwork.

Ces pièces se positionnent sur la structure porteuse et le barreau de mise en tension au moyen d'encoches 9,10 en forme de Vé.These parts are positioned on the support structure and the tensioning bar by means of notches 9,10 V-shaped.

Cette pièce d'écartement ou entretoise sera indéformable sous effort de traction du ressort constitué par la tension des boucles.This spacer or spacer will be dimensionally stable under the tensile force of the spring constituted by the tension of the loops.

Elle est réalisée en matière inerte à la corrosion vis à vis des matériaux de remplissage sur toute sa surface et des agents atmosphériques au moins sur la partie considérée comme non enrobée (par exemple, en PVC).It is made of inert material corrosion against filler materials on its entire surface and atmospheric agents at least on the part considered uncoated (for example, PVC).

Les Vés qui prennent appui sur le barreau de verrouillage 8 et le fer 7 ne seront pas situés dans le même plan de manière à constituer une structure tridimensionnelle.The Ves that rest on the locking bar 8 and the iron 7 will not be located in the same plane so as to constitute a three-dimensional structure.

L'effet ressort de traction est réalisé, par exemple, par l'élasticité traction des boucles de la peau et de la faible déformation élastique des barreaux de mise en tension et de verrouillage.The traction spring effect is achieved, for example, by the tensile elasticity of the skin loops and the low elastic deformation of the tensioning bars and locking.

La structure est indéformable.The structure is indeformable.

Comme il ressort de la figure 3, le coffrage se compose:

  • de poutres composées, déterminées par les barreaux 8 de mise en tension et barreaux de verrouillage 6 et disposées dans des plans sensiblement parallèles et équidistants,
  • des fers 7 d'appuis sensiblement parallèles et équidistants entre eux et situés dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à ceux des poutres composées décrit ci-dessus,
  • d'entretoises 4 ou pièces d'écartement qui vont déterminer la position des plans de poutres entre eux,
  • d'un système à effet de ressort 100 qui développe en traction une force entre les barres 6 et 8 de la poutre composé.
As can be seen in Figure 3, the formwork consists of:
  • composite beams, determined by the tension bars 8 and locking bars 6 and arranged in substantially parallel and equidistant planes,
  • irons 7 substantially parallel supports and equidistant between them and located in a plane substantially perpendicular to those of the composite beams described above,
  • spacers 4 or spacers that will determine the position of the beam planes between them,
  • a spring effect system 100 which develops in traction a force between the bars 6 and 8 of the composite beam.

La pièce d'écartement détermine un écartement entre les plans contenant les axes des barreaux de mise en tension et de verrouillage, tout en imposant une position sensiblement orthogonale entre ces deux axes. Cette distance est supérieure à la longueur au repos du ressort( boucle), augmentée du demi diamètre du fer d'appui, plus le diamètre du barreau de verrouillage 6.The spacer determines a spacing between the planes containing the axes of the tensioning bars and locking, while imposing a substantially orthogonal position between these two axes. This distance is greater than the length at rest of the spring (loop), increased by the half diameter of the support iron, plus the diameter of the locking bar 6.

Comme indiqué à la figure 3, le ressort 100 qui se trouve dans un état de traction développe des efforts F400 et F'400 au niveau des fixations sur les barreaux de mise en tension et de verrouillage.As shown in Figure 3, the spring 100 which is in a state of traction develops efforts F400 and F'400 at the fasteners on the tensioning bars and locking.

A l'équilibre, une force F400 de réaction est appliquée à la zone de contact qui peut être réduire à un point entre le fer 7 et le barreau de verrouillage.At equilibrium, a reaction force F400 is applied to the contact zone which can be reduced to a point between the iron 7 and the locking bar.

Cette force F400 et sa réaction F300 ont induit une force F530 de frottement qui dépend des matériaux en contact et qui sera bien plus élevée si les barreaux ou fers en acier « Tor » par exemple, présentent des reliefs destinés à augmenter l'accrochage de ces armatures dans le produit de remplissage.This force F400 and its reaction F300 have induced a friction force F530 which depends on the materials in contact and which will be much higher if the bars or irons steel "Tor" for example, have reliefs intended to increase the attachment of these frames in the filling product.

En référence aux figures 1 à 8.With reference to Figures 1 to 8.

La peau coffrante a cinq fonctions :

  • fonction première : retenir les granulats qui constituent le matériau de remplissage,
  • fonction secondaire :permettre l'évacuation de l'eau excédentaire ou eau de mobilité du matériau de remplissage afin de faire passer celui-ci de l'état fluide à l'état semi-solide en remettant en contact les granulats solides qui le composent,
  • fonction troisième :relier les composants de la structure,
  • fonction quatrième :développer les efforts de traction qui résulteront du ressort 100,
  • fonction cinquième : définir la surface entre le volume du remplissage et l'extérieur. Sous effet des efforts de coulage du matériau de remplissage, cette surface ne devra pas présenter des déformations supérieures à celles autorisées par les règles de l'art.
The formwork skin has five functions:
  • primary function: retain the aggregates that constitute the filling material,
  • secondary function: to allow the evacuation of the excess water or mobility water of the filling material in order to move it from the fluid state to the semi-solid state by bringing the solid aggregates which compose it into contact,
  • third function: connect the components of the structure,
  • fourth function: develop the tensile forces that will result from spring 100,
  • fifth function: define the surface between the volume of the filling and the outside. Under the effect of pouring forces of the filling material, this surface should not have deformations greater than those authorized by the rules of art.

La fonction primaire sera réalisée grâce aux dimensions données à ces ouvertures et la taille des fils qui les déterminent.The primary function will be realized thanks to the dimensions given to these openings and the size of the wires which determine them.

Ces dimensions seront fonction des caractéristiques de granulométries du matériel de remplissage mais également de l'angle de frottement de ce dernier.These dimensions will be a function of the grain size characteristics of the filling material but also of the friction angle of the latter.

En effet, comme il est montré en figure 8, le minimum de rejets de fines qui constitue l'élément de résistance du remplissage sera obtenu si le rapport d/h est inférieur à la tangente de l'angle de frottement du remplissage.Indeed, as shown in Figure 8, the minimum fine rejects that constitutes the resistance element of the filling will be obtained if the d / h ratio is less than the tangent of the friction angle of the filling.

Par mesure de sécurité, la taille des mailles sera inférieure à la plus grande des dimensions du granulat entrant dans la composition du matériau de remplissage (10 mm par exemple).As a safety measure, the size of the mesh will be smaller than the largest of the dimensions of the granulate used in the composition of the filling material (10 mm for example).

Pour réaliser la fonction deuxième, la peau sera largement ouverte. La surface sera constituée par un entrecroisement d'éléments fins (fils par exemple) qui déterminent des vides de section déterminée.To achieve the second function, the skin will be largely open. The surface will be constituted by a crisscrossing of fine elements (son for example) which determine voids of determined section.

La fonction troisième est réalisée par formation sur le voile qui constitue la peau, de boucles qui sont disposées à distances sensiblement égales (100 mm par exemple).The third function is formed by forming on the web that constitutes the skin loops that are arranged at substantially equal distances (100 mm for example).

Ces boucles enveloppent le barreau de verrouillage à l'extrémité la plus éloignée de la surface générale de la peau. L'intersection du plan de boucle et du plan général se situe sur un des fils qui constituent la peau. Le barreau 8 de mise en tension est disposé en butée avec le fil d'intersection.These loops wrap the locking bar at the end farthest from the general surface of the skin. The intersection of the loop plane and the general plane is on one of the threads that make up the skin. The tension bar 8 is disposed in abutment with the intersecting wire.

Par ailleurs, le barreau de mise en tension est associée à la peau de façon à passer alternativement au dessus et au dessous des fils de boucles perpendiculaires à la surface générale de la peau (figure 4).Furthermore, the tensioning bar is associated with the skin so as to pass alternately above and below the loop son perpendicular to the general surface of the skin (Figure 4).

Comme représenté sur la figure 4, la ligne décrite par le fil d'intersection est une ligne brisée dont la distance « v » est déterminée par le diamètre du barreau de verrouillage 8 et des fils qui composent la peau.As shown in Figure 4, the line described by the intersecting wire is a broken line whose distance "v" is determined by the diameter of the locking bar 8 and the son that make up the skin.

Comme représenté sur la figure 7, le barreau 8 de mise en tension sera retissé sur la chaîne du treillis.As shown in FIG. 7, the tension bar 8 will be rewoven onto the chain of the mesh.

Ce retissage sera effectuée après allongement du fil de trame de la peau intersection du plan de boucle avec le plan général de la peau de façon à ce que la distance L1 ne varie pas.This retissage will be performed after elongation of the weft thread of the skin intersection of the loop plane with the general plane of the skin so that the distance L1 does not vary.

La fonction quatrième est réalisée en mettant en place les pièces 4 d'écartement qui prennent appui sur les barres au moyen de formes ou encoche. Comme représenté sur la figure 1 la distance D6 des plans d'appui sera supérieure à la valeur D4 - D3 déterminée par la longueur D1 de la boucle de peau au repos et les sections des barres 6, 7 et 8. Grâce à cette disposition, la mise en place de l'entretoise provoquera un allongement des fils de chaîne des boucles perpendiculaires à la surface générale de la peau qui déterminera un effort de traction (10kg /fil par exemple), fonction des caractéristiques des fils composant la peau.The fourth function is carried out by placing the spacer pieces 4 which bear on the bars by means of shapes or notches. As shown in FIG. 1, the distance D6 from the bearing planes will be greater than the value D4 - D3 determined by the length D1 of the skin loop at rest and the sections of the bars 6, 7 and 8. Thanks to this arrangement, the installation of the spacer will cause an elongation warp son of the loops perpendicular to the general surface of the skin which will determine a tensile force (10kg / thread for example), depending on the characteristics of the son component skin.

Par ailleurs, afin d'assurer une parfaite stabilité de l'ensemble des poutres qui constituent la structure, les encoches de verrouillage des pièces d'écartements sur les fers d'appuis seront situées dans des plans sécants à celles sur les barreaux de mise en tension.Moreover, in order to ensure perfect stability of all the beams that make up the structure, the locking notches of the spacers on the support bars will be located in planes secants to those on the bars of setting voltage.

La fonction cinquième est réalisée comme représentée en figure 4 par mise sous tension avant pose des entretoises des fils de chaîne de la surface générale de la peau perpendiculaire aux plans de boucles et située entre ces boucles;The fifth function is carried out as represented in FIG. 4 by putting under tension before laying the spacers of the warp threads of the general surface of the skin perpendicular to the loop planes and situated between these loops;

Cette mise en traction sans déplacement des fils de chaîne ainsi que représenté en figure 7 provoque un allongement L2-L1 des fils de trame. Par ce fait, la forme des ouvertures de la peau après traction sera proche de celle représentée sur la figure 4, c'est à dire un parallélogramme.This setting in tension without displacement of the warp threads as represented in FIG. 7 causes elongation L2-L1 of the weft threads. As a result, the shape of the openings of the skin after traction will be close to that shown in FIG. 4, ie a parallelogram.

Cette disposition qui limite le passage des gros granulats qui entrent dans la composition du matériau de remplissage, permet à valeur constante de ce diamètre de gros granulats, d'augmenter la valeur de L2, donc de diminuer le nombre de fils de peau et par là même d'abaisser le prix de cette peau.This arrangement, which limits the passage of the large aggregates that enter into the composition of the filling material, allows the constant value of this diameter of coarse aggregates, to increase the value of L2, thus to reduce the number of skin threads and thereby even to lower the price of this skin.

Dans cette disposition, les efforts de traction déterminent une précontrainte des fils de peau qui va se comporter comme une membrane tendue.In this arrangement, the tensile forces determine a prestressing of the skin threads which will behave like a stretched membrane.

Ainsi que représenté sur la figure 21, la peau est fixée en partie haute et en partie basse sur des pièces 13 d'about.As shown in Figure 21, the skin is fixed in the upper part and in the lower part on parts 13 abutment.

Cette fixation peut être réalisée par exemple au moyen de rivets 14 qui emprisonnent les fils de trame et de chaîne de la peau dans une gorge 15 exécutée dans les pièces d'about.This attachment can be achieved for example by means of rivets 14 which trap the weft and warp threads of the skin in a groove 15 executed in the abutment pieces.

Les pièces d'about sont munies d'alésages 16 dans lesquels les barres de structure sont engagées avec un jeu calculé de façon à réaliser un arc-boutement sous le moment fléchissant provoqué par l'effort de traction imposé à la peau.The abutment parts are provided with bores 16 in which the structural bars are engaged with a game calculated so as to achieve an arching under the bending moment caused by the tensile force imposed on the skin.

Dans l'association du procédé visé par la présente invention avec une structure d'armature, il peut être intéressant, pour des raisons de simplification de fabrication, de positionner les clips d'une façon différente de celle décrite précédemment.In the combination of the method targeted by the present invention with an armature structure, it may be advantageous, for reasons of simplification of manufacture, to position the clips in a different manner from that described above.

Dans cette disposition alternative, représentée en figures 26, 27a, 27b, 28, l'appui des clips 4 sur la peau coffrante est effectué sur des barreaux de verrouillage 8 différents grâce à des guidages 10a et 10b.In this alternative arrangement, shown in Figures 26, 27a, 27b, 28, the support of the clips 4 on the formwork skin is performed on different locking bars 8 through guides 10a and 10b.

Le verrouillage sur la barre d'appui 7 est effectué suivant au moins un appui 9a (et 9b éventuellement) situé dans une position sensiblement médiane de l'entretoise 4. Les formes des appuis 9a (et 9b) permettent le guidage des crochets qui relient les deux nappes d'armatures disposées sur les deux faces de l'ouvrage en béton.The locking on the support bar 7 is carried out according to at least one support 9a (and possibly 9b) situated in a substantially middle position of the spacer 4. The shapes of the supports 9a (and 9b) allow the guiding of the hooks which connect the two reinforcing plies arranged on both sides of the concrete structure.

Pour des raisons évidentes de facilité de montage, les entretoises 4 peuvent être fixées avant assemblage du panneau sur les crochets reliant les deux lits d'armatures de l'ouvrage.For obvious reasons of ease of assembly, the spacers 4 can be fixed before assembly of the panel on the hooks connecting the two reinforcing beds of the structure.

Dans cette disposition, les dimensions des entretoises 4 ont, au repos, des valeurs de distance L entre appuis et H hauteur à vide, qui permettent une mise en traction de la peau filtrante après relachement de l'entretoise et blocage de cette dernière sur la barre 7.In this arrangement, the dimensions of the spacers 4 have, at rest, values of distance L between supports and H empty height, which allow a traction of the filtering skin after release of the spacer and locking of the latter on the bar 7.

De cette façon, les entretoises positionnées de façon alternée, assurent à elles seules la mise en tension des fils de chaine de la peau. Ainsi, la pose des éléments de fixation 13, et ceux qui y sont rattachés, telle que définie dans la figure 21, devient facultative.In this way, the spacers positioned alternately, ensure alone the tensioning of the warp son of the skin. Thus, the installation of fasteners 13, and those attached thereto, as defined in FIG. 21, becomes optional.

Cette disposition diminue en outre les risques de déformation de la peau filtrante lors du coulage du matériau de remplissage. En effet, sous l'effet de la pression lors du coulage, la peau a tendance à fléchir entre ses appuis constitués par la poutre composée par les plis et les barres 6 et 8.This arrangement also reduces the risk of deformation of the filter skin during the pouring of the filling material. Indeed, under the effect of the pressure during casting, the skin tends to flex between its supports constituted by the beam composed by the folds and bars 6 and 8.

Ce fléchissement entraîne pour une faible part un allongement des fils de chaîne de la peau et un rapprochement des barreaux de verrouillage 8. Ce rapprochement est fortement empêché par la présence des entretoises et des appuis tridimensionnels déterminés par les formes 9a (et 9b), 10a (et 10b) qui forment des pyramides pratiquement indéformables entre les barreaux de verrouillage 8 qui définissent le plan de coffrage de la peau filtrante et les barres d'appui 7 positionnées dans un plan autre que celui des barreaux 8.This deflection causes, to a small extent, an elongation of the warp threads of the skin and an approximation of the locking bars 8. This approximation is strongly prevented by the presence of the spacers and the three-dimensional supports determined by the shapes 9a (and 9b), 10a. (and 10b) which form substantially indeformable pyramids between the locking bars 8 which define the formwork plane of the filtering skin and the support bars 7 positioned in a plane other than that of the bars 8.

On peut étendre le principe en mode paroi filtrante isolée.The principle can be extended in isolated filter wall mode.

Ainsi, il est constant que le principe développé réduit fortement la pression hydrostatique lors du coulage du matériau de remplissage dans le coffrage. Cette propriété permet d'utiliser des matériaux fibreux en tant que paroi coffrante. En effet, ces produits fibreux présentent, de par leur nature même, une faible résistance à la déformation lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des efforts de compression. Cet écrasement des fibres conduit à des diminutions de la résistance thermique qui rend alors ces produits impropres à leur usage. Par ailleurs, il est intéressant de noter que la dissipation de l'énergie au travers des fibres est proportionnelle à la surface de contact entre le matériau fibreux et le volume massique que représente le mur. Dans les systèmes d'isolation acoustique classiques, la paroi fibreuse est rapportée sur le mur après durcissement du matériau qui constitue ce dernier. La fixation est effectuée mécaniquement par points répartis sur la surface de contact. Hormis que ces fixations mécaniques constituent le plus souvent des ponts acoustiques, on comprend aisément que l'énergie dissipée est fonction du nombre de ces fixations, qui sont limitées par les conditions économiques.Thus, it is common ground that the developed principle greatly reduces the hydrostatic pressure during the pouring of the filling material into the formwork. This property makes it possible to use fibrous materials as a formwork wall. Indeed, these fibrous products have, by their very nature, a low resistance to deformation when they are subjected to compressive forces. This crushing of the fibers leads to decreases in the thermal resistance which makes these products unfit for their use. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the dissipation of energy through the fibers is proportional to the contact area between the fibrous material and the mass volume that the wall represents. In conventional acoustic insulation systems, the fibrous wall is attached to the wall after hardening of the material which constitutes the latter. Fixing is performed mechanically by distributed points on the contact surface. Apart from the fact that these mechanical fasteners most often constitute acoustic bridges, it is easy to understand that the dissipated energy is a function of the number of these fasteners, which are limited by the economic conditions.

Le principe proposé permet de palier ces problèmes en réalisant un complexe filtrant, grâce à l'utilisation de matériaux fibreux donc perméables, directement en contact dès le coulage avec le matériau de remplissage (béton). Dans ces conditions, la laitance du béton (ou du liant hydraulique choisi) qui pénètre sur une faible épaisseur dans le matériau fibreux (1 à 2 mm), assure une liaison intime de la paroi fibreuse avec la masse du voile ou de la dalle.The proposed principle makes it possible to overcome these problems by producing a filtering complex, thanks to the use of permeable fibrous materials, directly in contact with the filling material (concrete) as soon as it is poured. Under these conditions, the milt of concrete (or selected hydraulic binder) which penetrates a small thickness in the fibrous material (1 to 2 mm), provides an intimate connection of the fibrous wall with the mass of the veil or slab.

Suivant une disposition préférentielle de façon à bénéficier du maximum d'inertie thermique, cet isolant sera disposé sur la face extérieure de l'ouvrage à isoler.In a preferred arrangement so as to benefit from the maximum thermal inertia, this insulation will be disposed on the outer face of the work to be insulated.

Cette description se rapporte aux figures 22 à 25.This description refers to Figures 22 to 25.

La paroi coffrante filtrante isolante se compose des éléments suivants qui sont décrits de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, c'est-à-dire de la surface paroi/atmosphère au coeur du remplissage :

  • un enduit de finition 34 réalisant la fonction d'étanchéité à l'eau de pluie,
  • la peau 3A noyée dans l'enduit de finition,
  • un support 35 de projection de l'enduit,
  • des entretoises 27 en matériau isolant de même nature ou non que l'isolant fibreux et disposées entre la peau et l'isolant,
  • une plaque 26 en matériau isolant de même nature ou non que l'isolant fibreux et qui supporte les entretoises 27,
  • des tiges 29 de liaison entre les différentes plaques 26,
  • l'isolant fibreux 25 qui sert de face coffrante pour le matériau de remplissage 120, et disposé entre les plis de la peau. Cet isolant fibreux pouvant soit être découpé en lamelles de hauteur égale ou légèrement supérieure à la distance séparant les plis de la peau, soit préférentiellement directement projeté sur la plaque (26) en englobant les plis à l'intérieur de son volume,
  • le matériau de remplissage 12 qui est en général du béton,
  • une pièce de fixation 29 du support 35 au matériau de remplissage 12. Cette pièce de fixation 29 étant constituée de :
  • une forme 33 d'appui et de scellement dans l'enduit,
  • une tige 31 de traction (ou de compression) entre la forme d'appui 33 et l'extrémité de la partie de scellement 32,
  • une partie de scellement 32 en forme de ressort permettant de maintenir en compression les constituants de l'isolant contre la peau et après durcissement du matériau de remplissage le scellement de la pièce 29 dans ledit matériau de remplissage 120,
  • une gaine 30 en matériau élastique (« Néoprène » par exemple) et compatible sur le plan de la corrosion avec la nature de l'enduit et celle de l'atmosphère.
    Dans cette disposition les plis de la peau sont agrandis de façon à contenir l'épaisseur des différents constituants de la fonction isolante, c'est-à-dire l'isolant fibreux 25, la plaque en matériau isolant 26 et les entretoises 27. Les plis comportent toujours le barreau de mise en tension, tel que décrit précédemment, et comportent un nouveau barreau de mise en tension 200 situé au niveau extérieur de la peau permettant d'assurer le blocage des fils de chaîne et de trame lors de la traction exercée sur la peau. Les masses de l'enduit 34 et du matériau de remplissage 12 sont liées de manière indéformable aux moyens de fixations 29 disposées dans des plans sécants et qui constituent une structure tridimensionnelle. Cette liaison est par ailleurs confirmée par les plis réalisés sur la peau dont la partie générale est noyée dans l'enduit 34 et va constituer pour ce dernier une micro armature. En effet, ces plis
  • entre le barreau de mise en tension et l'armature horizontale, mis en traction par action de l'entretoise dont la fonction a été décrite précédemment, sont noyés dans cette partie dans le matériau de remplissage 12,
  • entre les barreaux de mise en tension 8 et 200 mis en traction par action du ressort 32 de la pièce 29 de fixation d'enduit, sont noyés dans les parties qui constituent l'isolant 25, 26 et 27.
The insulating filtering form wall consists of the following elements which are described from the outside towards the inside, that is to say from the wall / atmosphere surface at the core of the filling:
  • a finish coating 34 performing the function of sealing with rainwater,
  • the skin 3A embedded in the finishing plaster,
  • a support 35 for projecting the coating,
  • spacers 27 of insulating material of the same nature or not as the fibrous insulation and disposed between the skin and the insulator,
  • a plate 26 of insulating material of the same nature or not as the fibrous insulation and which supports the spacers 27,
  • connecting rods 29 between the different plates 26,
  • the fibrous insulation 25 which serves as a formwork face for the filling material 120, and disposed between the folds of the skin. This fibrous insulation can be cut into slices of height equal to or slightly greater than the distance separating the folds of the skin, or preferably directly projected onto the plate (26) by including the folds within its volume,
  • the filling material 12 which is generally concrete,
  • a fastener 29 of the support 35 to the filling material 12. This fastener 29 consisting of:
  • a form 33 of support and sealing in the coating,
  • a rod 31 of traction (or compression) between the support form 33 and the end of the sealing portion 32,
  • a spring-shaped sealing portion 32 for maintaining the constituents of the insulation against compression against the skin and after hardening of the filling material the sealing of the workpiece 29 in said filling material 120,
  • a sheath 30 of elastic material ("neoprene" for example) and compatible in terms of corrosion with the nature of the coating and that of the atmosphere.
    In this arrangement the folds of the skin are enlarged so as to contain the thickness of the various constituents of the insulating function, that is to say the fibrous insulation 25, the plate of insulating material 26 and the spacers 27. folds always include the tensioning bar, as described above, and comprise a new tensioning bar 200 located at the outer level of the skin to ensure the locking of the warp and weft son during the traction exerted on the skin. The masses of the plaster 34 and of the filling material 12 are indeformably bonded to the fastening means 29 arranged in intersecting planes and which constitute a three-dimensional structure. This connection is further confirmed by the wrinkles made on the skin, the general part of which is embedded in the coating 34 and will constitute for the latter a micro armature. Indeed, these folds
  • between the tensioning bar and the horizontal armature, put into traction by action of the spacer whose function has been described above, are embedded in this part in the filler material 12,
  • between the tensioning bars 8 and 200 put in tension by action of the spring 32 of the part 29 for fixing the coating, are embedded in the parts which constitute the insulator 25, 26 and 27.

Les liaisons mentionnées ci-dessus sont toutes de natures élastiques et de par conception ne constituent pas de ponts thermique et/ou acoustique, entre enduit de finition et masse du remplissage. En effet :

  • d'une part, la pièce de fixation d'enduit 29 est équipée, au moins dans la partie destinée à être noyée dans l'enduit et jusqu'au matériau fibreux, d'une gaine 30 en matériau élastique (« Néoprène » par exemple)
  • d'autre part, les fils qui constituent la peau sont isolants en matière thermique et/ou acoustique.
The connections mentioned above are all of elastic nature and by design do not constitute thermal and / or acoustic bridges, between finishing plaster and mass of the filling. Indeed :
  • on the one hand, the plaster fixing piece 29 is equipped, at least in the part intended to be embedded in the plaster and up to the fibrous material, with a sheath 30 of elastic material ("Neoprene" for example )
  • on the other hand, the son constituting the skin are insulating in thermal and / or acoustic material.

Par cette disposition,

  • sur le plan acoustique : les vibrations appliquées à la masse de l'enduit 34 ne sont transmises à la masse du remplissage 12 qu'au travers d'une fonction ressort, couplée avec une fonction amortissement réalisée par l'isolant fibreux, mis en légère compression sur la peau par les forces dues à la faible pression hydrostatique lors du coulage du remplissage contre cette paroi filtrante
  • sur le plan thermique : la résistance thermique dont la valeur est principalement constituée par la résistance du matériau fibreux n'est pas court-circuitée par des ponts. Le complexe « mur + isolant + enduit » bénéficie de l'inertie thermique maximum constituée par la masse du remplissage.
  • sur le plan de la durabilité : accroît le confort grâce à la présence d'une lame d'air continue créée entre les entretoises 27 de la plaque 26, lame d'air qui permet d'établir une valeur constante de taux de vapeur dans le matériau de remplissage 12.
By this provision,
  • acoustically: the vibrations applied to the mass of the coating 34 are transmitted to the mass of the filling 12 only through a spring function, coupled with a damping function performed by the fibrous insulation, placed lightly compression on the skin by the forces due to the low hydrostatic pressure during the pouring of the filling against this filtering wall
  • thermally: the thermal resistance whose value is mainly constituted by the strength of the fibrous material is not short-circuited by bridges. The complex "wall + insulation + coating" benefits from the maximum thermal inertia constituted by the mass of the filling.
  • in terms of durability: increases comfort thanks to the presence of a continuous air gap created between the spacers 27 of the plate 26, an air knife which makes it possible to establish a constant value of vapor content in the filling material 12.

Selon une caractéristique, est disposé, entre la peau et le matériau de remplissage, un isolant partiellement ou totalement fibreux mais de nature perméable à l'eau ; cet isolant, pouvant être composé d'un ou de plusieurs matériaux, dont un permet de réaliser la paroi de projection pour la partie isolante fibreuse. Cet isolant fibreux se trouve soudé à la masse du matériau de remplissage par incorporation en surface de la laitance dudit matériau de remplissage. Ledit isolant, composite ou non, est muni sur une des faces d'un profil en forme de créneaux assurant un passage d'air sur la face opposée à celle en contact avec le matériau de remplissage.According to one feature, is disposed, between the skin and the filler material, a partially or totally fibrous insulator but of water permeable nature; this insulator, which may be composed of one or more materials, one of which makes it possible to produce the projection wall for the fibrous insulating part. This fibrous insulation is welded to the mass of the filling material by incorporation on the surface of the milt of said filling material. Said insulation, composite or not, is provided on one side with a crenellated profile providing an air passage on the opposite side to that in contact with the filler material.

Ainsi l'enduit extérieur est projeté sur un film disposé sur les sommets des formes d'appuis de l'isolant, et se trouvant armé par les fils de trame et de chaîne qui constituent la grille.Thus the outer plaster is projected on a film disposed on the tops of the insulating support forms, and being armed by the weft and warp son constituting the grid.

L'enduit est lié à la masse du matériau de remplissage au moyen de pièces de fixation, dont une des extrémités est scellée à l'enduit et l'autre au matériau de remplissage. Les pièces de fixations sont disposées dans des plans sécants, dont une des extrémités au moins est recouverte d'une gaine réalisée en matériau élastique isolant.The coating is bonded to the weight of the filler material by means of fasteners, one end of which is sealed to the filler and the other to the filler material. The fasteners are arranged in secant planes, at least one of the ends is covered with a sheath made of insulating elastic material.

Les pièces de fixation sont terminées, dans la partie destinée à être scellée dans la masse du matériau de remplissage, par un ressort assurant un scellement efficace dans ledit matériau de remplissage et une compression de l'isolant contre la grille avant coulage de ce dernier.The fasteners are completed, in the portion intended to be sealed in the mass of the filling material, by a spring ensuring effective sealing in said filler material and a compression of the insulation against the gate before casting of the latter.

Les plis de la grille s'étendent de façon à traverser l'isolant et la lame d'air. Les plis étant bloqués par un second fil de blocage tissé dans la chaîne, de façon à assurer la continuité extérieure de la peau et sa mise en tension. Cette disposition confirme la liaison, de nature élastique et non conductrice de chaleur, entre l'enduit et le matériau de remplissageThe folds of the grid extend so as to pass through the insulation and the air gap. The folds being blocked by a second locking thread woven into the chain, so as to ensure the outer continuity of the skin and its tensioning. This arrangement confirms the connection, elastic nature and non-conductive heat, between the coating and the filling material

Il est aisé de réaliser un coffrage de dalle horizontale ou faiblement inclinée.It is easy to make a slab formwork horizontal or slightly inclined.

Dans cette disposition représentée en figures 17,18, les barreaux 6 et fer 7 sont ceux d'une des faces de la cage d'armature.In this arrangement shown in FIGS. 17, 18, the bars 6 and 7 are those of one of the faces of the reinforcing cage.

La paroi coffrante filtrante disposée en sous-face repose sur des appuis intermédiaires 140, disposés à intervalles suffisants avant de reprendre les charges consécutives au coulage du béton ainsi que celles provoquées par les ouvriers assurant la mise en oeuvre.The filtering filter wall disposed on the underside rests on intermediate supports 140, arranged at sufficient intervals before taking up the loads following the pouring of concrete as well as those caused by the workers carrying out the work.

La pose s'effectue coffrage déplié et mis à épaisseur désirée, c'est à dire clips fixés, le coffrage ainsi obtenu offrent l'avantage d'une structure tridimensionnelle dont la résistance aux efforts de flexion est bien plus élevée que celle des coffrages traditionnels une face.The laying is done formwork unfolded and set to desired thickness, ie fixed clips, the formwork thus obtained offer the advantage of a three-dimensional structure whose resistance to bending forces is much higher than that of traditional formwork a face.

Cet avantage est en outre renforcé par le fait du poids propre du coffrage, plus faible que celui des coffrages traditionnels une face pour dalle.This advantage is further reinforced by the fact that the weight of the formwork itself is lower than that of traditional formwork for a slab face.

Ainsi, la distance entre les étais 140 de soutien peut être augmentée et leur nombre de ces étais diminué, ce qui entraîne une diminution du temps et donc du prix de pose.Thus, the distance between the support struts 140 can be increased and their number of these was decreased, resulting in a decrease in time and thus the price of installation.

Le complexe réalisé par la juxtaposition de ces deux technologies ne présente pas de paroi supérieure. Le coulage s'effectue sans difficulté par la face supérieure.The complex created by the juxtaposition of these two technologies has no upper wall. The casting is carried out without difficulty by the upper face.

Dans les zones de concentration de charges, il est possible d'intégrer des armatures complémentaires, soit dans le lit inférieur, soit dans le lit supérieur ou dans les deux.In the load concentration zones, it is possible to integrate additional reinforcements, either in the lower bed, or in the upper bed or in both.

La pose de ces armatures complémentaires s'effectue sur un coffrage déplié et mis à épaisseur désirée, en glissant les armatures complémentaires entre les lits inférieurs et supérieurs et en assurant leur positionnement au moyen de ligatures sur les barres qui leur sont perpendiculaires.The laying of these additional reinforcements is carried out on a formwork unfolded and set to desired thickness, by sliding the complementary reinforcement between the lower and upper beds and ensuring their positioning by means of ligatures on the bars which are perpendicular to them.

Enfin, il est à noter que les armatures de la cage sont par construction situées à une distance de la face coffrante supérieure à celle requise pour assurer un enrobage minimum.Finally, it should be noted that the reinforcements of the cage are by construction located at a distance from the shuttering face greater than that required to ensure a minimum coating.

Les armatures complémentaires qui reposent sur celles qui constituent la cage sont bien évidemment et sans ajouter de cales d'écartement à une distance réglementaire.The additional frames that rest on those that constitute the cage are of course and without adding spacing shims at a regulatory distance.

Il est par ailleurs aisé de réaliser un coffrage de voiles verticaux ou fortement inclinés.It is also easy to achieve a form of vertical or strongly inclined sails.

Cette application particulière impose d'adapter les entretoises comme représenté sur la figure 12, en apposant des guides circulaires qui permettent de guider les crochets à effet de frette de la cage d'armature lors de leurs rotations et empêchent tout retour en arrière de ces crochets.This particular application makes it necessary to adapt the spacers as shown in FIG. 12, by affixing circular guides which guide the hooks with the hoop effect of the reinforcement cage during their rotations and prevent any return back of these hooks. .

Dans cette disposition représentée en figure 12, les barres 6 et 7 sont celles d'une des faces de la cage d'armatures. La paroi coffrante filtrante disposée sur une face permet l'évacuation de l'eau excédentaire ou eau de mobilité et assure par ce fait le passage du remplissage de l'état fluide à l'état semi-solide, ce qui entraîne une importante diminution de la pression hydrostatique (qui se trouve divisée de l'ordre de 7 à 10 par rapport au coulage traditionnel entre coffrages étanches).In this arrangement shown in FIG. 12, the bars 6 and 7 are those of one of the faces of the reinforcement cage. The filtering filter wall disposed on one side allows the evacuation of the excess water or mobility water and thereby ensures the passage of the filling from the fluid state to the semi-solid state, which results in a significant decrease in the hydrostatic pressure (which is divided of the order of 7 to 10 compared to the traditional pouring between sealed forms).

Sur l'autre face, on peut disposer soit une paroi filtrante identique à celle objet de l'invention soit préférentiellement, une paroi étanche.On the other side, one can have either a filter wall identical to that of the invention or preferably a sealed wall.

En effet, si par rapport à la surface obtenue avec des coffrages étanches, la surface finale rugueuse et bosselée, obtenue grâce à la paroi filtrante, présente un avantage complémentaire en regard des capacités d'accrochage pour parement étanche de finition extérieure.Indeed, if compared to the surface obtained with waterproof forms, the rough surface rough and bumpy, obtained thanks to the filtering wall, has a complementary advantage with regard to the fastening capabilities for waterproof facing exterior finish.

Par contre, le plus souvent, un voile présente une face extérieure qui sera recouverte d'un parement de finition extérieure, l'autre intérieure peut être brute ou simplement traitée par un revêtement peint. Cette face intérieure doit être aussi lisse et résistante que possible.By cons, most often, a veil has an outer face that will be covered with an outer finish facing, the other interior can be rough or simply treated with a painted coating. This inner face should be as smooth and strong as possible.

Pour des raisons de temps et d'économies, il est donc judicieux de coffrer le matériau de remplissage contre une face intérieure lisse.For reasons of time and savings, it is therefore advisable to form the filling material against a smooth inner face.

Ainsi que le montre la figure 19, la paroi étanche 130 qui peut être en bois, métallique ou constituée par un autre matériau, est de faible épaisseur en raison de la faible importance des forces, résultant de la pression hydrostatique, appliquées sur ces faces.As shown in Figure 19, the sealed wall 130 which may be wood, metal or made of another material, is thin because of the small importance of the forces resulting from the hydrostatic pressure applied to these faces.

Elle peut donc être de grande longueur (2,5 mètres par exemple) et de hauteur sous multiple de celle de la hauteur de la voile à réaliser (0,5 mètre par exemple).It can therefore be of great length (2.5 meters for example) and height in multiple of that of the height of the sail to achieve (0.5 meters for example).

La fixation des parois étanches s'effectue au moyen de clips 140 fixés à intervalle requis (0,5 mètre par exemple) sur les armatures verticales qui sont perpendiculaires à la plus grande ligne de joint (horizontale dans l'exemple décrit).Fixing the watertight walls is effected by means of clips 140 fixed at a required interval (0.5 meters for example) on the vertical reinforcements which are perpendicular to the largest joint line (horizontal in the example described).

La présente description s'applique également en permutant hauteur et longueur ainsi que verticale et horizontale.The present description also applies by permuting height and length as well as vertical and horizontal.

Les clips déterminent un espace au moins égal à la valeur définie comme valeur d'enrobage minimum des aciers d'amiature par les règlements.The clips determine a space at least equal to the value defined as the minimum coating value of the amide steels by the regulations.

Cette valeur est définie par les côtes entre la forme d'accrochage 60 sur la barre d'armature qui est sensiblement perpendiculaire à la plus grande ligne de joint du panneau 130 et la face d'appui du dit panneau.This value is defined by the ribs between the hooking shape 60 on the reinforcing bar which is substantially perpendicular to the largest joint line of the panel 130 and the bearing face of said panel.

Cette face d'appui est elle-même déterminée par la distance entre les flancs du clip qui est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur des panneaux coffrants étanches.This bearing face is itself determined by the distance between the flanks of the clip which is substantially equal to the thickness of the waterproof form panels.

Pour faciliter le démontage des panneaux, la pièce solidaire du matériau de remplissage après la prise de ce dernier comporte des amorces 61 de rupture en torsion situées à l'intérieur du matériau de remplissage.To facilitate disassembly of the panels, the integral part of the filling material after taking the latter comprises torsion breaking primers 61 located inside the filling material.

Dans les zones de concentration de charges, il est toujours possible d'intégrer les armatures complémentaires, soit dans le lit inférieur, soit dans le lit supérieur ou les deux.In areas of concentration of loads, it is always possible to integrate complementary reinforcement, either in the lower bed, or in the upper bed or both.

La pose de ces armatures complémentaires s'effectue sur un coffrage déplié et mis en épaisseur désirée, en glissant les armatures complémentaires entre les lits inférieurs et supérieurs et en assurant leur positionnement au moyen de ligatures sur les barres qui leur sont perpendiculaires.The laying of these complementary reinforcement is carried out on a formwork unfolded and put in desired thickness, by sliding the complementary reinforcement between the lower and upper beds and ensuring their positioning by means of ligatures on the bars which are perpendicular to them.

Enfin, il est à noter que les armatures de la cage sont, par construction, situées à une distance de la face coffrante supérieure à celle requise pour assurer un enrobage minimum.Finally, it should be noted that the reinforcements of the cage are, by construction, located at a distance from the shuttering face greater than that required to ensure a minimum coating.

Les armatures complémentaires qui reposent sur celles qui constituent la cage sont bien évidemment et sans ajouter de cales d'écartement, à une distance réglementaire.Complementary frames that are based on those that constitute the cage are of course and without adding spacers, at a regulatory distance.

Claims (10)

  1. Filtering wall formwork including load-bearing reinforcement (1) that has on at least one of its two sides a filtering wall (3) with fixed size holes to let excess water in the concrete escape while especially retaining the aggregates.
    This formwork being characterized such that the filtering wall (3) is comprised of a flexible skin (3A) that is held at a fixed distance from the load-bearing reinforcement by spacing elements (4) and stretched in at least two orthogonal directions by tensioning means that can keep the flexible skin in a plane after filling with concrete.
  2. Formwork according to claim 1 characterized such that locally the skin produces along generators lengthened loops (5) that stretch orthogonally along the skin's plane, which loops are associated with the load-bearing structure by a first bar (6) called the locking-bar engaged behind the load-bearing structure's vertical elements (7) and a second bar (8) called the tensioning-bar that is engaged through these loops and held apart from the first bar (6) by elements called spacers propped between the tensioning bar (8) and the load-bearing structure.
  3. Formwork according to claim 2 characterized such that the loops (5) are created with the help of a small section, slightly cylindrical tensioning bar (8) made from a material that is corrosion-resistant vis-à-vis filling materials and atmospheric agents and this bar is inserted during or after the skin is created so as to delimit a succession of loops with the skin.
  4. Formwork according to claim 3 characterized such that the bar is woven so as to leave wires perpendicular to the loop, where said wires constitute the skin, alternatively above and below the wire.
  5. Formwork according to claim 2 characterized such that the spacer holding parts (4) are positioned on the load-bearing structure by means of a V-shaped notch.
  6. Formwork according to claim 1 characterized such that the skin (3A) is fixed at the top and bottom on end pieces 13.
  7. Formwork according to claim 6 characterized such that the attachment can be made using rivets 14 that squeeze the skin's weft and warp screws in a groove 15 formed in the end pieces.
  8. Formwork according to claim 1 characterized such that the skin (3A) is made by weaving composite material wires.
  9. Formwork according to claim 2 characterized such that it is comprised of:
    - built-up beams, determined by the tensioning bars (8) and the locking bars (6) and arranged in approximately parallel and equidistant planes,
    - support irons (7) positioned approximately parallel and equidistant between themselves and located in a perpendicular plane to the planes of the built-up beams described above,
    - spacers (4) or spacing elements that will determine the positions of the beams' planes between themselves,
    - a spring action system (100) that develops in traction a force between the built-up beam's bars (6) and (8).
  10. Formwork according to claim 5 characterized such that the locking notches of the spacing elements on the support irons are located in the planes secant to those on the tensioning bars.
EP00971470A 1999-10-22 2000-10-20 Formwork with a filtering wall Expired - Lifetime EP1222340B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9913464 1999-10-22
FR9913464A FR2800109B1 (en) 1999-10-22 1999-10-22 FILTERING WALL FORMWORK
PCT/FR2000/002933 WO2001029342A1 (en) 1999-10-22 2000-10-20 Formwork with a filtering wall

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EP1222340A1 EP1222340A1 (en) 2002-07-17
EP1222340B1 true EP1222340B1 (en) 2006-01-11

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AT (1) ATE315696T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1032001A (en)
DE (1) DE60025512T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2261249T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2800109B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001029342A1 (en)

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AUPR875601A0 (en) 2001-11-03 2001-11-29 Hills, Danny Building component
FR2841920B1 (en) 2002-07-04 2004-09-24 Francoise Dauron FILTERING WALL OF A LOST FORMWORK, MEANS OF MANUFACTURING THE FILTERING WALL, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE FILTERING WALL, AND FORMWORK EQUIPPED WITH THE FILTERING WALL
US11274447B2 (en) * 2020-02-18 2022-03-15 Hawkeyepedershaab Concrete Technologies, Inc Lift hole forming device for concrete products

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GB1424112A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-02-11 Turzillo L A Method and apparatus for producing sub-aqueous and other cast-in- place concrete structures in situ
FR2564879B1 (en) * 1984-05-22 1988-02-26 Brami Max PROCESS FOR THE BUILDING OF CONSTRUCTION WALLS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS
FR2692303A1 (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-17 Coffratherm Ste Civile Invente Formwork for making a concrete wall and in particular a heated wall obtained.
WO1997045612A1 (en) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-04 Alvarez Yela Moises Simplified construction process for buildings and fences

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FR2800109B1 (en) 2002-01-11
DE60025512T2 (en) 2006-09-21
DE60025512D1 (en) 2006-04-06
FR2800109A1 (en) 2001-04-27
AU1032001A (en) 2001-04-30
EP1222340A1 (en) 2002-07-17
ES2261249T3 (en) 2006-11-16
WO2001029342A1 (en) 2001-04-26

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