EP0001367B1 - Constructions anti-sismiques avec sous-sols formant abris anti-atomiques - Google Patents

Constructions anti-sismiques avec sous-sols formant abris anti-atomiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0001367B1
EP0001367B1 EP78400106A EP78400106A EP0001367B1 EP 0001367 B1 EP0001367 B1 EP 0001367B1 EP 78400106 A EP78400106 A EP 78400106A EP 78400106 A EP78400106 A EP 78400106A EP 0001367 B1 EP0001367 B1 EP 0001367B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
seismic
sub
construction according
foundation
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78400106A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0001367A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Raphael Hirsch
Claude Di Crescenzo
Jean-Marie Sachet
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/06—Structures arranged in or forming part of buildings
    • E04H9/08—Structures arranged underneath buildings, e.g. air-raid shelters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/028—Earthquake withstanding shelters
    • E04H9/029—Earthquake withstanding shelters arranged inside of buildings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of buildings liable to be subjected to earthquakes of natural origin or caused by atomic explosions.
  • the German patent N ° 630,656 relates to the reinforcement of the cellars of a pre-existing building using adjoining reinforcing elements in reinforced concrete which are keyed by bars engaged in tubes embedded in the elements or by tongue and groove interlocking, the sealing being ensured by felt or rubber bands.
  • the French patent N ° 816.490 aims to create a barrel-shaped shelter in the cellars of a building.
  • the shelter which does not form the base of the building, is constituted by circles constituted by I-irons between which are encased tubular elements in reinforced concrete "cemented" with a plastic material or cement.
  • Shelters of this type must be able to withstand the puncturing power of the device and the shaking of the ground caused by the explosions.
  • the shelter must have a much higher mechanical resistance than conventional shelters in order to be able to resist in particular the seismic pressure wave, any cracking removing the seal necessary to cope with pollution and the dangers resulting from radioactive fallout. , gases and thermal effects and also water.
  • French Patent No. 1,486,137 a shelter for protection against the action of nuclear weapons. This patent relates to an elastically deformable construction element placed underground.
  • a shelter of this type which must be buried outside of any construction, it is often difficult to find a site of establishment and, on the other hand, it must be occupied almost permanently due to its forced distance from the premises housing and workplaces.
  • the determining phenomenon for the collapse of the superstructures can be the atmospheric overpressure wave, or the seismic wave acting on the foundations which shakes the entire structure. In the case of an earthquake, it is the seismic wave that causes the buildings to shake and collapse.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce constructions in which the buried part can withstand intense seismic tremors, whether of natural or atomic origin, without risk of serious degradation, the horizontal displacements to which the buried part may be subjected. of construction, not being transmitted to the superstructure.
  • the buried base elements comprise at least three independent elements having mechanical strength such that each of them is capable of withstanding without damage the seismic wave of maximum intensity and of supporting at least one third of the weight of the super structure, the superstructure being calculated to resist mechanically in the case of an isostatic bearing on three non-aligned bearing points positioned randomly among the planned bearing points of construction on the underbody elements, the shear strength connections to the support points of the superstructure on the underbody elements being less than the overall shear strength of the elements of the structure leading to the point considered.
  • the elements of the base can, under the effect of seismic waves, undergo relative displacements without any force, in particular of shearing, greater than the mechanical resistance of the superstructure, being transmitted to the latter.
  • a dislocation of the base into its independent elements can result in a support of the superstructure on only three of these elements ensuring isostatic support but without dislocation of the superstructure, which protects the occupants from the risk of collapse and allows a resumption in later under construction, for example by injection, to level the base again.
  • At least one of the elements of the base consists of a habitable cell forming an atomic shelter.
  • each two elements of said elements of the base are spaced one from another by a distance at least equal to the compressibility of a thickness of ground equal and parallel to their greatest horizontal dimension under pressure. maximum developed by the seismic wave of maximum intensity.
  • the gap between two base elements is, in particular in the case of habitable cells, closed by a compressible material impervious to water, gases and radiation.
  • This deformable material can be a foam loaded with heavy metal or a composite material based on foam and layers of malleable metal.
  • the elements of the base are separated from the elements of vertical walls delimiting the excavation of the base, the gap being filled with a tight compressible material.
  • the emergency exit is carried out by tubular elements which can individually resist without crushing the earthquake of maximum intensity, the various elements being joined together by flexible joints capable of absorbing the relative displacements of two successive elements under the seismic wave of maximum intensity.
  • the ends of two successive tubular elements, spaced apart by a sufficient distance to absorb the relative displacement are engaged in a tubular junction element having between its internal surface and the external peripheral surface of the internal elements a greater clearance in relative displacement, this clearance being filled with a deformable material similar to that used between the base elements.
  • access to the emergency exit is closed off by a rigid part of the wall of the destructible cell with the tools being in the shelter, for example a wall made of masonry, unreinforced concrete or other similar material .
  • the invention in the embodiment shown in the drawings, is applied to a two-story building.
  • the buried base is on one floor and has a part 1 forming garages and a part 2 forming an atomic shelter.
  • Part 1 comprises a certain number of slabs 3, reinforced concrete slabs having a thickness and a sufficient reinforcement to be able to each support a large fraction which can theoretically reach one third of the total weight of the construction, concentrated in their center. To increase their resistance, these slabs can be profiled and include beams forming a crossed network.
  • the building is supported on the slabs 3 by posts 4 provided with a distribution sole 5.
  • the distribution sole 5 is not secured to the slab 3, except possibly by irons of small section capable of being sheared in the event of a sharp force exceeding the resistance to post shear 4.
  • each support between the building and the base comprises: as shown in FIG. 2, a jack 6 interposed with a ball-joint system between each sole 5 and each post 4 or between a metal sole 5 'distribution bearing on a habitable cell 10 forming an atomic shelter as described below and a support plate 7 incorporated in the system of load-bearing beams 8 of the building in superstructure.
  • the jacks 6 are divided into three groups and the jacks of the same group are interconnected by pipes 9 .
  • Each jack or group of jacks can be connected to an enclosure for absorbing pressure waves in the form of a hydropneumatic chamber. or the like not shown. With this embodiment, a vertical wave which propagates under the elements with a vertical amplitude less than the stroke of the cylinders, can be absorbed without damaging the construction.
  • Part 2 is made up of habitable cells also made of reinforced concrete 10. These cells are calculated individually to be able, like the slabs 3, to support a significant fraction of the weight of the construction and to be able to resist crushing by the seismic waves acting on their side faces. It should be noted that when distributor actuator systems 6 are provided, the weight of the construction is always distributed between the various supports and the fraction of the weight of the building that each support must support is therefore lower. These cells are equipped like all conventional atomic shelters with standard emergency equipment in this. relates to means of survival, ventilation, lighting and disinfection. They can be used directly as support, without mechanical connection preventing a horizontal displacement or limiting it beyond a certain shearing force, to the superstructure construction. This support can also include a hydrostatic connection device as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the base elements, slabs 3 and cells 10 are separated by a distance corresponding approximately to the compressibility of a thickness of ground equal and parallel to their greatest horizontal dimension under pressure developed by a natural or atomic earthquake of maximum intensity.
  • the gap thus created is filled with a seal 11 made of an elastically deformable waterproof material which can be a plastic foam loaded with heavy metal salts.
  • This joint can, as shown in Figure 2, be delimited or subdivided by lead walls or the like 12 which can be folded and anchored in neighboring elements.
  • the plastic foam of the joint which must have as high elongation and compression coefficients, is preferably cast on site and it is possible to provide, in the surfaces of the adjacent parts, anchoring cavities for the foam (not shown) so that, even when stretched, the foam continues to seal.
  • the side walls of the cells 10 directed towards the ground can be doubled by elements of vertical walls 13 delimiting the excavation which are separated by a thickness of treated foam 14 like the foam of the joints 11.
  • the other walls 15 delimiting the excavation which form the side walls of the other basements are preferably also mounted floating with joints 11 at the base and at the top.
  • the water, gas and radiation tightness of the seals not incorporated in part 2 forming an atomic shelter can be neglected and they may be simple overlapping seals liable to shear under the stresses resulting from 'an earthquake.
  • the superstructure construction 16 is constituted as a self-supporting element, especially when the load is transferred directly, that is to say without connection of the type of jacks 6, to the elements 3 and 10 of the base.
  • truss-forming reinforcements 17 are embedded in the partitioning walls made of sheet concrete arranged in two orthogonal orientations.
  • Architectural elements such as thresholds 18, pediments 19, balconies 20 and others are calculated as belt elements and reinforced accordingly.
  • beams such as 21 in which a part of the lattice reinforcement is embedded can be placed in a grid on the terrace.
  • Those of cells 10 which are located in the vicinity of the land may include emergency exits leading by a buried hose 22 to an outlet well 23 disposed at a distance from the building 16 substantially equal to its height to prevent its exit being closed by the collapsed parts.
  • this outlet is surrounded by a concrete ring 24 forming a barrier against runoff water.
  • the hose 22 consists of elements such as centrifugal reinforced concrete pipes 25 capable of resisting the seismic wave.
  • the connections between elements are constituted by rings foam 26 having sufficient thicknesses to absorb relative displacements. These foam rings (26) have a T-shaped axial section so that they engage the ends of two successive tubular elements (25).
  • Metal hoops 27 forming a tubular junction element surround the rings 26 so as to have a play between the internal surface of the hoop (27) and the external peripheral surface of the tubular elements (25) greater than the relative displacement.
  • Access to the hose 22 can be achieved by destruction, using the tools located in the shelter, of a thinned part 28 of the wall opposite the cell 10, the reinforcements 29 also being interrupted at the right of this thinned part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
EP78400106A 1977-09-22 1978-09-21 Constructions anti-sismiques avec sous-sols formant abris anti-atomiques Expired EP0001367B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7728622 1977-09-22
FR7728622A FR2404087A1 (fr) 1977-09-22 1977-09-22 Constructions anti-sismiques notamment constructions avec sous-sols formant abris anti-atomiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0001367A1 EP0001367A1 (fr) 1979-04-04
EP0001367B1 true EP0001367B1 (fr) 1981-01-07

Family

ID=9195666

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400106A Expired EP0001367B1 (fr) 1977-09-22 1978-09-21 Constructions anti-sismiques avec sous-sols formant abris anti-atomiques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4250671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0001367B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5457338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1116644A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2837172C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES473055A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2404087A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TR (1) TR21057A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57147953U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1980-09-22 1982-09-17
JPS57193632A (en) * 1981-05-22 1982-11-29 Saburo Shibata Multi-purpose building constructed in watery place
JPS59150843U (ja) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-09 吉松　孝吉 地下室を有する建造物
GB8527042D0 (en) * 1985-11-02 1985-12-04 Jones R S Underground structures
US5048244A (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-09-17 Marcel M. Barbier, Inc. Underground shock-resistant structure
USD344806S (en) 1991-06-14 1994-03-01 Whipkey Charles E Basement door
FR2688818B1 (fr) * 1992-03-17 1994-06-24 Bernard Thomann Batiment antisismique.
US5537790A (en) * 1994-02-09 1996-07-23 Jackson; Roger L. Seismic bridge
US6298612B1 (en) 1995-09-05 2001-10-09 James A. Adams Wall strengthening component
US5706626A (en) 1995-12-14 1998-01-13 Mueller; Lee W. Pre-assembled internal shear panel
CN1080801C (zh) * 1996-10-07 2002-03-13 邓庚厚 一种由上往下建造建筑物的顶升式建筑法
JP2944565B2 (ja) * 1996-11-28 1999-09-06 普 山田 地下室構造体、その運搬方法およびその施工方法
US8397454B2 (en) 1997-11-21 2013-03-19 Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. Building wall for resisting lateral forces
US6385920B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-05-14 Roy T. Chandler Modular storm shelter with emergency breakaway access chute
US20080016793A1 (en) * 2004-04-19 2008-01-24 Majlessi Kamran R Web hole reinforcing for metal wall stubs
WO2010151539A1 (en) 2009-06-22 2010-12-29 Barnet Liberman Modular building system for constructing multi-story buildings
JP6179077B2 (ja) * 2012-07-31 2017-08-16 株式会社大林組 避難用構造物および避難用施設

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US981884A (en) * 1909-03-11 1911-01-17 Otto Ruhl Earthquake-proof building.
DE375822C (de) * 1921-01-20 1923-05-18 Emil Diepenbrock Sicherung von Gebaeuden gegen Bergschaeden
DE638110C (de) * 1934-03-10 1936-11-09 Karl Scherbaum Bombenabweisende Schutzbedachung fuer Bauwerke usw.
DE630356C (de) * 1934-05-27 1936-05-26 Karl Walter Dipl Ing Ausbau von unterirdischen Luftschutzraeumen zur Sicherung gegen Sprengwirkungen von Fliegerbomben und gegen das Eindringen von Giftgasen
FR816490A (fr) * 1936-04-15 1937-08-09 Abri pour la protection des populations civiles
GB496592A (en) * 1937-03-13 1938-12-02 Willy Schramm Improvements in buildings for rendering the same less liable to damage by air attack
US2271079A (en) * 1937-06-16 1942-01-27 Kieser Karl Structural element
GB520326A (en) * 1938-10-13 1940-04-19 William Herbert Smith Improvements relating to shelters
US2358143A (en) * 1942-06-11 1944-09-12 Fuller Label & Box Company Vented panel
DE1108890B (de) * 1956-03-16 1961-06-15 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gelenk fuer Bauwerke in Erdbeben- oder Bergschadensgebieten
FR1157413A (fr) * 1956-08-16 1958-05-29 Abri préfabriqué
US3099110A (en) * 1957-09-17 1963-07-30 Dur O Wal National Inc Control joint
US3172377A (en) * 1961-04-06 1965-03-09 John A Dewar Bomb shelter building
CH454429A (de) * 1965-07-08 1968-04-15 Staeheli Fritz Unterirdischer Raum zum Schutz vor nuklearer Waffenwirkung
DE1264737B (de) * 1966-06-21 1968-03-28 Gustav Luding Schutzbauanlage
FR1486137A (fr) * 1966-07-07 1967-06-23 Dispositif ou abri de protection contre l'action des armes nucléaires
CH499711A (de) * 1969-02-15 1970-11-30 Luding Gustav Ein- und Ausgangstunnel für Schutzbauanlagen
US3908323A (en) * 1974-07-11 1975-09-30 Robert K Stout Void creating device to be embedded in a concrete structure
US4102097A (en) * 1974-12-23 1978-07-25 Elemer Zalotay Construction for supporting space units installed in a building especially a multi-storey building
DE2557043A1 (de) * 1975-12-18 1978-09-14 Peter Valerius Gebaeude in raumzellenweise

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2837172A1 (de) 1979-04-05
CA1116644A (fr) 1982-01-19
JPS5457338A (en) 1979-05-09
FR2404087B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-04-30
ES473055A1 (es) 1979-04-01
DE2837172C2 (de) 1984-08-23
FR2404087A1 (fr) 1979-04-20
EP0001367A1 (fr) 1979-04-04
US4250671A (en) 1981-02-17
TR21057A (tr) 1983-06-10
JPS6154905B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-11-25

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