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  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
  • C07C17/16—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydroxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/84—Sulfur atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D319/10—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes
  • C07D319/14—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D319/16—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
  • C07D319/20—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring with substituents attached to the hetero ring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to imidazole derivatives and salts thereof, to their synthesis and intermediates therefor, to pharmaceutical formulations containing such compounds and to the use of these compounds in medicine.
• Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ), a potent stimulator of blood platelet aggregation, is produced, in platelets, from the prostaglandin endoperoxides PGG 2 and PGH 2 .
• Prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) which has potent anti-aggregatory activity, is also produced (in blood vessel walls) from PGG 2 and PGH 2 and it has been suggested that a balance between the production of TXA 2 and PGI 2 is the controlling factor in thrombus formation. It would, in consequence, be desirable in the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombo-embolic disorders to be able to selectively inhibit TXA 2 synthetase, thereby favouring the production of the anti-aggregatory agent PGI 2 .
• Imidazole and 1-methylimidazole are known to provide some degree of inhibition of the enzymic conversion of the endoperoxides (PGG 2 and PGH 2 ) to thromboxane A 2 by platelet microsomes (Moncada et al., Prostaglandins, 13/4, 611-618, 1977).
• Certain 1-n-alkylimidazoles, especially 1-n-dodecylimidazole and its higher homologues have been described as being capable of lowering serum cholesterol levels (U.K. Patent No. 1 364 312; Biochem. Pharmacol. 24, 1902-1903, 1975).
• TXA 2 synthetase may be inhibited by 1-alkylimidazoles of formula (I) and acid addition salts thereof.
• the compounds of formula (I) and their salts are hereinafter referred to as the "active compounds”.
• the compounds of formula (I) are:- in which A is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, and R is a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radical of from 4 to 9, preferably from 5 to 8, carbon atoms and optionally substituted by one, two, three or more alkyl radicals each containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or, when n is 1, A and R together form an alkyl radical of from 4 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group of from 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
• a novel class of compounds within the scope of formula (I) are those of formula (Ia): in which A is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R is a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radical of from 4 to 9, preferably from 5 to 8, carbon atoms and optionally substituted by one, two, three or more alkyl radical each containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with the proviso that when A is a methylene radical, R is not unsubstituted cyclohexyl.
• cycloalkyl radicals are cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl; cycloalkenyl radicals include cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclopentenyl, and 1,4-cyclohexadienyl; alkenyl radicals include pent-2-enyl and pent-4-enyl.
• a valuable class of compounds of formula (I) are those in which n is 1, R is cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, or cycloalkenyl of 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and A is -CH 2 - or -(CH 2 ) 2 -.
• Compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) may also be used as acid addition salts thereof, especially as pharmaceutically acceptable ones.
• Especially preferred compounds include:
• the compounds of formula (I) are more potent inhibitors of TXA 2 synthetase.
• the compounds of formula (I) also do not produce the side-effects found with imidazole upon in vivo administration.
• the compounds of formula (I) are further capable of inhibiting platelet aggregation in vivo and also are capable of disaggregating platelet clumps.
• Imidazoles of formula (I) and acid addition salts thereof may be made by any method known in the art for the synthesis of compounds of analogous structure. In general these methods comprise linking the imidazole ring to the remainder of the molecule; converting a precursor molecule by elimination of a functional group from the imidazole ring; and formation of the desired compound from a corresponding imidazoline, pyrazole or unsaturated analogue.
• a most convenient method of synthesis involves the reaction of imidazole (formula II) or a salt thereof with an alkylating agent of formula (III): wherein R and A are as defined in formula (I) and Z is a leaving group.
• This reaction is well established in the literature, and the leaving group may be chosen from a variety of substituents but especially halo, preferably chloro or bromo, or from p-toluenesulphonyloxy but other arylsul- phonyloxy, alkanesulphonyloxy or aralkylsulphonyloxy radicals may be used.
• the reaction is preferably performed in the presence of an acid acceptor, for example an alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium methoxide or potassium tertiary butoxide in the presence of an corresponding alkanol.
• an acid acceptor for example an alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium methoxide or potassium tertiary butoxide in the presence of an corresponding alkanol.
• a hydrohalogenic acid e.g. hydrochloric acid or a Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride: see Japanese Patent Kokai No. 131577/77
• an alkanol (Z OH) or a derivative
• Z R-A-0-
• a dehydrating agent such as phosphoric acid, or a phosphate (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 5 1105 060), sulphuric acid or sulphates (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 5 1105 061).
• precursor molecules which may be converted to a compound of formula (I) or an acid addition salt thereof are substituted imidazole derivatives of formula (IV) or addition salts thereof wherein A and R are as defined in formula (I), and Q 1 ,Q 2 and Q 3 are the same or different, at least one being a radical capable of removal by for example reduction or oxidation, the remaining radical or radicals being selected from hydrogen or a radical capable of removal in the same or another manner (e.g. a carboxyl group - see formula (VI) - removed by decarboxylation).
• Q 1 , Q 2 and Q 3 may be selected for example from thio (-SH), alkylthio (-Salkyl wherein alkyl has 1 to 4 carbon atoms) or halo preferably chloro or bromo.
• the reaction conditions are chosen according to the nature of the radicals Q 1 , Q 2 and Q 3 .
• Desulphurisation may be performed by oxidative or reductive procedures using for example nitric acid or Raney nickel; and reductive dehalogenation by the use of zinc and acetic acid or Raney nickel or other reagents known in the literature.
• Another class of examples include carboxy- imidazoles or derivatives thereof of formula (VI): wherein A and R are as defined in formula (I), at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 4 is carboxyl or a derivative thereof (for example an ester such as an alkyl ester, an acid halide such as the chloride, or the nitrile) and the other (s) is hydrogen or carboxyl or a derivative as described.
• the compounds of formula (VI) may be converted into the imidazoles of formula (I) by any suitable decarboxylation conditions which may simply comprise heating the compounds with or without a catalyst such as copper.
• the imidazoles of formula (I) may also be made from a compound of formula (VII): wherein (N is 1-imidazoline, 1-imidazole or 1-pyrazole, A 1 is a straight or branched saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, and R 3 is a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radical of from 4 to 9 carbon atoms optionally substituted by alkyl as defined in formula (I), provided that at least one of (N, A 1 and R 3 is other than 1-imidazole, a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon and an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group respectively as defined in formula (I).
• an imidazoline (VIII): wherein A one of represents an extra bond and R are defined in formula (I) may be dehydrogenated to the corresponding imidazole in the presence of a catalyst for example by heating to 250°C in the presence of palladium, nickel or platinum under pressure, or by heating with a dehydrogenating agent such as selenium or copper oxide.
• the 1-pyrazole compounds (VII) may be treated with ultra-violet irradiation, optionally under an inert atmosphere (e.g. argcn) in for example 1,2-dimethoxyethane at room or elevated temperatures (see for example "Ring Transformations of Heterocycles" edited van der Plas, Academic Press, 1973 at page 261).
• the unsaturated imidazoles of formula (I) (in formula (VII), A 1 and/or R 3 are unsaturated) may be reduced to the corresponding saturated compounds with a noble metal catalyst, for example platinum or palladium in an alkanol.
• the intermediates for use in the above described reactions may also be made by conventional methods known in the art.
• the 1-pyrazole and 1-imidazoline intermediates (formula (VII) may be prepared by alkylation of pyrazole and imidazoline in an analogous manner to that described above for preparation of the corresponding imidazoles.
• substituted imidazole intermediates of formula (IV) may be made in known manner, for example see “Imidazole and its derivatives” Part I, Ed. K. Hofmann, Interscience Publishers Inc. New York, 1973.
• 2-thioimidazoles of formula (IV) may be made by cyclisation of an acetal of formula (IX): with thiocyanate, wherein R 5 is alkyl.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by any method known in the art. In particular they may be prepared by treating the parent imidazole with the appropriate acid.
• Examples of the addition salts of the compounds of formula (I) include those salts derived from the following acids: oxalic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic, phosphoric, glycolic, lactic, salicyclic, succinic, toluene-p-sulphonic, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulphonic, formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2-sulphonic and benzenesulphonic.
• the imidazoles of formula (I) may be used in conjunction with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which provides a further, synergistic increase in effect, as it acts against platelet aggregation by a different pathway.
• Suitable phosphodiesterase inhibitors for use in potentiating the anti-aggregatory effects of the active compounds include as such or as pharmaceutically acceptable salts:-
• the active compounds are particularly useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of thrombo-embolic disorders in mammals, including man. It is to be understood that the term "thrombo-embolic disorders" includes those disorders whose etiology is associated with platelet aggregation.
• the active compounds are useful wherever it is desired to inhibit platelet aggregation and/ or to reduce the adhesive character of platelets, and consequently to treat or prevent the formation of thrombi in mammals, including man.
• the compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarcts cerebro-vascular thrombosis and ischaemic peripheral vascular disease; to treat and prevent post-operative thrombosis; and to promote patency of vascular grafts following surgery.
• the active compounds are also useful as an addition to blood, blood products, blood substitutes, and other fluids which are used in artificial extra-corporeal circulation and perfusion of isolated body portions, e.g., limbs and organs, whether attached to the original body, detached and being preserved or prepared'for transplant, or attached to a new body. It may also be used in laboratory animals, e.g. cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys and rats, for these purposes in order to develop new methods and techniques for organ and limb transplants.
• the active compounds also exhibit some vasodilatory action on blood vessels and therefore have a utility as anti-hypertensives for the treatment of high blood pressure in mammals, including man.
• the amount of active compound required for therapeutic or prophylactic effect will vary with the route of administration, and the nature of the condition under treatment.
• a suitable dose for a mammal, including man, of active compound will lie in the range of 0.1 to 300 mg per kg body weight, particularly from 0.5 to 10 mg per kg body weight, for example 2 mg per kg.
• a suitable single oral dose for an adult human lies within the range of 50 to 600 mg, for example 150 mg given say three times a day.
• the formulations both for veterinary and for human medical use, of the present invention comprise an active compound as above defined, together with one or more acceptable carriers therefor and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
• the carrier(s) must be 'acceptable' in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• Unit doses of a formulation may contain between 60 mg and 1.5 g of an active compound.
• the formulations include those suitable for oral, rectal, vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous) administration.
• Preferred formulations include tablets, capsules and injectable suspensions or solutions.
• the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound (in the form of the base or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt) with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active compound with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
• Imidazole (2.0 g, 0.03 mol) was added to a solution of sodium (0.7 g, 0.03 mol) in dry ethanol (50 ml). The mixture was stirred and heated to boiling when bromomethyl- cyclooctane (5.5 g, 0.027 mol) was added dropwise. Following the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred and boiled for 15 h.
• Imidazole (6.8 g, 0.1 mol) was added to a solution of sodium (2.3 g, 0.1 mol) in dry ethanol (100 ml). This solution was stirred and heated to reflux when bromomethylcyclo- pentane (16.3 g, 0.1 mol) was added dropwise. Following the addition, the mixture was stirred and heated under reflux for 16 h.
• Imidazole (1.0 g, 0.0147 mo1) was added to a solution of sodium (0.34 g, 0.0148 mol) in dry ethanol (30 ml). This solution was stirred and heated to boiling when 3-bromopropyl- cyclopentane (2.94 g, 0.0154 mol) was added dropwise. Following the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred and boiled for 20 h.
• Bromomethylcycloheptane (5.3 g, 0.0278mol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of potassium t-butoxide (3.1 g, 0.0277 mol) and imidazole (1.9 g, 0.0279 mol) in dry n-butanol (50 ml) maintained at 100° and under dry nitrogen. After the addition ( ⁇ 20 mins) the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised to boiling. The reaction mixture was then stirred and boiled for 7 h and then cooled.
• the reaction mixture was treated with water (50 ml) and the organic layer separated.
• the aqueous solution was extracted with petroleum ether (b.p. 40-60°,3 x 25 ml) and the organic layer and petroleum ether extracts combined, washed with 2M-sodium hydroxide solution (25 ml), and with water (25 ml),and then dried (MgS0 4 ). Concentration of the solution under reduced pressure gave an oil (2.3 g) which was distilled, b.p. 48-50°/0.25 mmHg.
• Horse platelets were prepared from whole horse blood by differential centrifugation. Approximately 10 6 platelets were homogenised in 1 ml 100 mM Tris buffer pH 7.4. Various concentrations of active compound were added and the reaction sets incubated for 5 minutes at ambient temperature. To each tube was added 20 nM of arachidonic acid containing 10 6 DPM of labelled arachidonic acid and the tubes incubated for 3 minutes at 37°C in a shaking water bath. After incubation the radioactive products were extracted from the acidified aqueous phase with ethyl acetate and after concentration resolved by thin layer chromotography on silica gel with chloroform/ methanol/acetic acid/water (90:8:1:0.8) as a developing solvent. The amount of thromboxane produced was measured by scraping the radioactive zone corresponding to thromboxane B 2 and estimating the radioactivity in a liquid scintillation counter.
• the selectivity of the active compounds was measured in a similar manner to that described above and the amount of PGE, PGF and PGD produced was determined. The greater the selectivity, the more of the prostaglandins are produced indicating lower inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase.
• the imidazole salt is ground to a fine powder, blended with the starch and then the mixture granulated with an aqueous solution of the polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• the granules are sieved 1000 u, dried, sieved again and the magnesium stearate added. The mixture is then compressed into tablets.
• the lactose is blended with the starch.
• Tablets (150 mg) of the imidazoles of Example 8 are prepared in the same manner from the following ingredients, except that the starch, pregelled starch and imidazole compound are all blended together prior to granulation:
• Example 12 Injectable formulation
• Each 1 ml ampoule supplies 150 mg of the imidazole compound: 1-cyclooctylmethylimidazole fumarate.
• Example 13 Injectable formulation
• Each 1 ml of solution provides 150 mg of the compound: 1-cyclooctylmethylimidazole fumarate.
• Example 14 Injectable formulation
• 1-n-Bromopentane (30.0 ml, 0.24mol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of imidazole (13.6 g, 0.2 mol) in methanol (30 ml) and 10M-sodium hydroxide (30 ml). Following the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred and heated under reflux for 24 h.
• Bromocycloheptane (10.0 g, 0.0565 mol) was added dropwise to a stirred, boiling mixture of imidazole (3.85 g, 0.0566 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (4.75 g, 0.0565 mol) in methanol. Following the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred and boiled for 24 h.
• tablets were prepared of:-1-n-butylimidazole 1-(3-methylbutyl)imidazole 1-crotylimidazole 1-n-pentylimidazole 1-cyclohexylmethylimidazole 1-cyclopentylimidazole 1-cycloheptylimidazole 1-(pent-2-enyl)imidazole 1-(pent-4-enyl)imidazole.
• the imidazole was present as a salt, e.g. the fumarate or perchlorate.

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