EA025084B1 - Car park with a vertical development on several levels - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a car park with a vertical development on several levels, comprising a room with a central load-bearing structure, the room accommodating at least an access lane (112), an exit lane (113) separated from the access lane (112), and a plurality of parking places (11), characterized in that at least two said lanes (112, 113) are separated from each other, intended for one-way movement and have helical development at least partly with an inclined plane relative to the horizontal, each level including a horizontal parking area (114) with adjacent parking places (11) arranged sequentially for parking in a "herringbone" manner in the same plane as that of the parking area (114) on both sides of said parking area (114), wherein the parking places (11) are disposed on respective, substantially horizontal surfaces and are oriented in the direction used for movement in said parking area (114), which is connected with the access and exit lanes (112, 113), and both said lanes (112, 113) have inner location in respect of the parking places (11), and the park has only one zone at each level where the access lane (112) and the exit lane (113) communicate, and two adjacent levels are connected by means of the integral inclined access lane (112) and the exit lane (113) into 360°, wherein the access lane (112) and the exit lane (113) are coplanar with each other and have opposite direction of movement, the central load-bearing structure having a constant size in its cross-section.

Description

The present invention relates to a car park, formed in the form of an open or closed space, allowing to park many vehicles for a short or long period of time without the use of mechanical systems for positioning cars. In a preferred, but not mandatory embodiment, the proposed structure has many tiers and is intended for public or private use, and preferably without prior booking of parking spaces by users.

Specifically, the present invention relates to a temporary car park capable of servicing residential villages, urban areas, administrative districts or service centers such as airports, railway stations, hospitals, green areas, hotels or other places that do not require, with the known nature of the predicted flows vehicles, fixed seat reservation.

State of the art

The well-known multi-level (multi-tiered) car parks are mostly of the type according to which the distribution of vehicles is carried out on planes, namely on horizontal bearing surfaces with cellular parking, perpendicular to the highway. In some cases, to facilitate accessibility, use herringbone parking, in which parking lots (parking spaces) are located obliquely in relation to the direction of movement. Access to such car parks, as a rule, is carried out from inclined or spiral ramps, through which drivers sequentially get to different levels of car parking (garage) in search of the first free space.

A well-known problem of such car parking is that at the most stressful moments of the parking operation, that is, when it operates at full load, it is difficult to find a free place. The most modern parking lots, using automated control to a certain extent, are equipped with signaling systems that indicate to the user the availability of empty seats, and possibly also their levels. However, in this case too, in order to identify an empty seat, it is necessary to search for it while driving along the parking passages. In the classic type of building, you have to use racks located in the parking zone, which during parking interfere with maneuvering and affect the positioning, in addition, they make it difficult to visually identify the car parked on the side and the vehicles approaching when the car leaves the parking place.

Classic car parking of this type can function quite well in the mode of fixed places, issued by a subscription or transferred to the property. For public transport parking with hourly rotation, the problem of detecting free space (even with partially automated regulation) with searching along driveways, on the contrary, often takes a lot of time, and, most importantly, the user who drives into the parking lot later can find a free space earlier user already inside.

One of the consequences of the described problem is a situation that is often encountered under these conditions, in which the user, in order to occupy a suddenly vacant seat, is forced to take incorrect actions, moving along the driveway in the wrong direction, backing up or at a speed exceeding a safe level.

In addition to creating potentially dangerous situations, non-compliance with the criterion of justice can generate irritation and alienation reactions in users. In short, the classic designs of flat-type multi-tier car parks described in the literature on this subject, technical texts and design guides encounter problems associated with incorrect driving, a lot of time spent finding free space, difficulties in identifying and remembering a place, in which the vehicle is left, with structural and structural limitations and the inability to guarantee priorities for users alternately entering the decree a busy building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The first task to be solved by the invention is to design a car parking in which adherence to the order of entry ensures the identification or easy identification of a free parking space.

The second objective of the invention is to prevent the most common options for incorrect actions committed within conventional public multi-tiered car parks. In this case, these options are almost impossible or inaccessible to users.

The third task is to reduce not only the time spent searching for an empty seat, but also the time spent on the way out, by preventing, even during rush hours, the formation of long queues for paying on the way.

The fourth task posed by the invention is to facilitate the identification of free space during its search, as well as to quickly find a vehicle when

- 1 025084 he needs to be picked up.

The fifth task is to optimize the ratio between the rented surface area and the number of parking spaces, which allows you to design buildings that are simple in design, limited in cost and made with the ability to fit into essentially any urban context.

The present invention was developed, tested and implemented by the applicant in order to overcome the disadvantages inherent in the prior art, to solve the above and other problems and to obtain corresponding advantages.

The invention is set forth and characterized in an independent claim, and in the dependent claims the remaining characteristics of the invention or variants of its main idea are described.

According to the present invention, a car park with vertical development at several levels is a room with a central load-bearing structure, which houses at least an entrance passage, an exit passage made separately from the entrance passage, and many parking spaces. The entrance and exit driveways are separated from each other and are designed for one-way traffic, have a spiral development, at least partially with an inclined surface relative to the horizontal, while at each level there is a horizontal parking area adjacent to parking spaces arranged sequentially for herringbone parking in the same plane as the parking lot, and on both sides of the specified parking lot, while the parking spaces are located on the corresponding essentially horizontal surfaces and are oriented in the direction used to move along the specified parking lot, which is connected to the entrance and exit driveways, and both of these driveways are internal to the parking spaces, while the parking has only one zone at each level in which entrance and exit driveways, and two adjacent levels are connected by means of a whole inclined entrance and exit driveway of 360 °, in which the entrance and exit driveways are coplanar to each other and characterize Xia opposite directions of movement, the central support structure has a constant cross-sectional dimension.

According to the distinguishing feature of the invention, the entry and exit driveways are concentric with respect to each other, while the entry driveway is located outside and the exit driveway is inside.

According to another feature of the invention, each parking space is located on one substantially horizontal surface.

In one embodiment, parking spaces are divided into groups, and each group is located on a corresponding common horizontal surface.

According to another embodiment, the entry passage has at least an inclined spiral carriageway, allowing access to the indicated essentially horizontal parking spaces of the parking lot.

According to a further embodiment, the parking section is connected to the respective carriageways by at least one connecting passage.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting passages for each of these levels are equipped with means for stopping cars and / or means of receiving payment.

In another preferred embodiment, at each of these levels, pedestrian walkways and / or accesses to the vertical shafts located outside or inside the spiral structure are provided, in which stairs, lifts and / or emergency exits can be placed.

One of the advantages of the present invention is that when making a payment, it is possible to avoid the queues concentrated on a single exit passage, and the movement during parking and exit from the structure are facilitated.

One of the advantages of the present invention is the fact that the parking procedure is fast and in due order, since the user will necessarily occupy the first parking space closest to the entrance, and in any case, in order of priority, vacate already occupied spaces until the car parking will not be completely filled, because parking spaces are arranged in order and only along the same entrance drive leading to different levels.

A further advantage of the invention is determined by the fact that the spiral / circular spatial shape guarantees a very wide and open field of view, allowing the user to immediately identify their car when it is taken out of the parking space, and after parking it is easy to find vertical routes leading to the exit.

For design options intended for collective use, that is, where it is necessary to create conditions that facilitate the rapid movement of a large number of vehicles, it is possible to use a larger design. Smaller designs are equally available, i.e. effectively, satisfy the requirements, mainly of private use, taking place, for example, in condominium areas.

- 2 025084

According to the present invention, the proposed structure can be made in the form of a traditional type of construction using beams, racks and floors of reinforced and prestressed reinforced concrete, or using prefabricated components made of the same materials, as well as metal (steel or other building materials )

In addition, the advantages of the present invention include the fact that, in any case, it ensures the presence of spans and sizes in which racks are not required to be installed between different parking places (in classic car parks, such racks are a drawback and, as already mentioned, complicate the parking procedure, as well as reduce the available space and visibility). In other words, the optimization of the ratio between the occupied surface area and the number of parking spaces is ensured, i.e., the rational use of parking space.

From an architectural point of view, in the case of ground-based embodiments, another advantage is the ability to design the roof, matching it with the characteristics of the place and the urban context.

List of drawings

These, as well as other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of some preferred embodiments, given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a multi-tier car parking according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a top view of the parking entry level of FIG. 1, located at the level of the road, in FIG. 3, the car parking of FIG. 1 is a schematic side view, in FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a section in a vertical plane of two variants at once - aboveground and underground - of a car park according to the invention, FIG. 5 is a top view of the parking entry level of FIG. 4 located at the level of the road, in FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a level being an upper / lower level with respect to the level of FIG. 5, in FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a third preferred embodiment of a car park according to the invention.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

As shown in FIG. 1-3, a car park 10 according to the present invention is a spiral structure, which, as schematically shown in FIG. 1, is deployed at various levels above ground or underground. FIG. 2 in a top view reproduces the entry (road) level of said parking 10, and in FIG. 3 schematically shows the levels equipped with the corresponding access and exit drives.

Each level is equipped with parking spaces 11 for cars 25, at least one-way driveway 12 (indicated by a dashed line) and at least one exit road (exit road) 13 (indicated by a dashed line), also with one-way traffic. In addition, at each level there are pedestrian paths 14, vertical shafts 15, in which stairs, elevators (elevators) and / or emergency exits, as well as connecting passages 16, laid between entrance passage 12 and exit passage 13, can be placed.

In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1-3, parking spaces 11 are located on both sides of the entry passage 12 at an angle to the radial direction of the structure. Their position corresponds to the direction of movement along the entrance passage, which facilitates maneuvering when parking approaching cars 25.

In this case, each floor level is made with an inclination at an angle to the surface of the earth, and this inclination is maximum in the area around the central supporting structure 17 and minimal along the outer perimeter of the structure. Thus, according to the invention, the entry passage 12 and the exit passage 13 have different slopes of the floors intended for maneuvering. As an example, not having a restrictive character, the following relations can be cited: for a structure with an outer diameter of 4500 cm and a useful width of the spiral surface of 1975 cm, the inclination along the axis of the entrance passage 12 can be varied in the range of 2.8-3.2%, and the inclination of the exit passage 13, measured at the outer end of the radius of curvature of 700 cm, can be varied in the range of 6.27.0%.

As shown in FIG. 2, vertical shafts 15, in which stairs, elevators and / or emergency exits can be placed, are located outside with respect to the spiral structure of the car park 10.

Alternatively, instead of such an arrangement, the vertical shafts 15 can be located inside. This solution is convenient to use in situations determined by special restrictions and design requirements. For example, this refers to the maintenance of underground layers, for which in this

- 3 025084 case there is no need to create additional mines providing natural ventilation of underground structures, because you can limit yourself to the mines needed to service the central supporting structure.

In FIG. 2 dashed lines, only as an example, shows the possible position of the vertical shafts 115, which can be placed stairs, lifts and / or emergency exits according to the proposed option.

In the described preferred embodiment of the invention, means for stopping vehicles 25 and means 18 for receiving payments, automatically or in some other way, are placed near the transverse connecting passages 16, laid between the entrance passage 12 and the exit passage 13. The presence of transverse connecting passages 16 and the indicated means for stopping cars 25 guarantees an accelerated exit from the structure, the distribution of procedures for leaving cars 25 at various levels and the functioning of exit drive 13 only as a way for a quick exit.

In the described preferred embodiment of the invention, it is desirable to indicate, only on the spiral surface of the structure, the limits of the entrance passage 12, the transverse connecting passageways 16, pedestrian walkways 14 and parking spaces 11 by means of horizontal markings made on the floor or illuminated.

In contrast to such designations, the limits of the exit passage 13 are set inside the central structure 17, and outside the side barrier 19 (for example, a balustrade, wall or railing) or by means of a supporting structure, the height of which is sufficient for the physical separation of the entry passage 12 from the fast exit (exit drive 13), but does not create obstacles for a full view in the spiral space of the structure.

The lateral barrier 19 has proper gaps corresponding to the transverse connecting passages 16. This allows the cars 25 to leave the floor and, in any case, does not allow them to return to the entrance or to the parking zone after they have entered the exit passage.

In addition, the barrier 19 can perform the function of a structural support element with respect to the overlap in order to reduce the clearance between the overlappings to the width of the entrance passage 12 and the parking spaces 11.

It is obvious (see Fig. 1) that the relationship of higher and lower levels with the entry level is such that they do not have access from road level 20, and they do not have access to road level 21.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 4-6, the car parking 110 according to the present invention comprises at each level a plurality of parking spaces 11 located on the same substantially horizontal surface.

In this case, with respect to the substantially horizontal zone of each level on which the parking spaces 11 are made, the entry passage 112 and the exit passage 113 are located inside.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 4-6, the entry passage 112 has a driveway 118, forming a spiral with an inclined surface and allowing access to various levels. At each level, a horizontal spiral section 114 is made, on the sides of which parking spaces 11 are sequentially or herringbone.

The parking section 114, which is in the same plane with the parking spaces 11, is connected at the entrance and at the exit with the respective carriageways 118 of the driveway 112 through the respective connecting driveways 116.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 7, a schematically shown car parking 210 is the result of a combination of car parks 10 and 110 (see, respectively, FIGS. 1-3 and 4-6). This option provides for the presence of two entryways 12, 112 and a common exitway 13.

Obviously, changes and / or additions may be made to the described construction 10 without departing from the scope of the idea and scope of the invention.

For example, if you expand the driveway on the entrance floor near access from road level 20, access for users can be divided into two driveways. One of them is intended for users making a payment, that is, those who are required to purchase an entry ticket, and the other is for users-subscribers or users who have an electronic payment system or some other system for quick access detection. You can offer other solutions for the device zones of control and payment with an equivalent result, correlating them with the transverse connecting driveways 16, as well as with the departure from different floor levels.

In addition, the scope of the invention encompasses options, in one of which the entry passage 12 and the exit passage 13 are used in the same direction, and in the other are intended for two-way traffic.

It is also obvious that, although the invention has been described with specific examples, a person skilled in the art will certainly be able to develop many other equivalent modifications to the car park that fall within the scope of the invention. In particular, this refers to all possible technical solutions for structures intended for parking and having a structure with central symmetry and vertical spiral development, even for a non-circular perimeter.

Claims (8)

CLAIM 1. A car park with vertical development at several levels, which is a room with a central load-bearing structure, which houses at least an entrance passage (112), an exit passage (113), made separately from the entrance passage (112), and many parking places (11), characterized in that at least two of these passages (112, 113) are separated from each other, are designed for one-way traffic and have a spiral development, at least partially with an inclined surface relative to the horizontal, the volume at each level provides a horizontal parking lot (114), adjacent to the parking spaces (11), arranged sequentially for herringbone parking in the same plane as the parking lot (114), and on both sides of the specified parking lot (114) while the parking spaces (11) are located on the respective essentially horizontal surfaces and are oriented in the direction used for driving along the specified parking area (114), which is connected to the entrance and exit driveways (112, 113), and both The passageways (112, 113) have an internal arrangement with respect to the parking spaces (11), while the parking has only one zone at each level, in which the entry (112) and exit (113) passages communicate, and two adjacent levels are connected by a whole inclined entry (112) and exit (113) passages in 360 °, in which the entry (112) and exit (113) passages are coplanar to each other and are characterized by opposite directions of movement, and the central supporting structure has a constant cross-sectional size. 2. Parking according to claim 1, characterized in that the two said passageways (112, 113) are concentric with respect to each other, while the entrance passage (112) is located outside and the exit passage (113) inside. 3. Parking according to claim 1, characterized in that each parking space (11) is located on one essentially horizontal surface. 4. Parking according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the parking spaces (11) are divided into groups, and each group is located on the corresponding common horizontal surface. 5. Parking according to claim 1, characterized in that the entrance passage (112) has at least an inclined spiral carriageway (118), allowing access to these essentially horizontal parking spaces (11) of the parking lot (114) ) 6. Parking according to claim 5, characterized in that the parking area (114) is connected to the respective carriageways (118) via at least one connecting passage (116). 7. Parking according to claim 6, characterized in that the connecting driveways (116) for each of these levels are equipped with means for stopping cars and / or means of receiving payment. 8. Parking according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that on each of the indicated levels pedestrian paths and / or access to vertical shafts located outside or inside with respect to the spiral structure are provided, in which stairs, lifts and / or spare can be placed exits.