DK162106B - Elektroviskose suspensioner eller dispersioner - Google Patents
Elektroviskose suspensioner eller dispersioner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK162106B DK162106B DK338085A DK338085A DK162106B DK 162106 B DK162106 B DK 162106B DK 338085 A DK338085 A DK 338085A DK 338085 A DK338085 A DK 338085A DK 162106 B DK162106 B DK 162106B
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- DK
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- functional
- silica gel
- parts
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing silicon
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- C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
- C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
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Description
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Den foreliggende opfindelse angår elektroviskose suspensioner, som indeholder mere end 25 vægtprocent silicagel med et vandindhold på 1-15 vægtprocent som dispers fase og siliconolie som flydende fase samt et dispergeringsmiddel.
5 Elektroviskose væsker (EVF) er dispersioner af fint- fordelte hydrofile faststoffer i hydrofobe, elektrisk ikke--leddnde olier, hvis viskositet under indflydelse af et tilstrækkeligt stærkt elektrisk felt meget hurtigt og reversibelt kan forøges fra flydende til plastisk eller fast til- 1Π stand. Til ændring af viskositeten kan man både gøre brug af elektriske jævn- og vekselfelter. De strømme, der derved løber gennem EVF, er ekstremt lave. Derfor kan EVF anvendes overalt, hvor overførslen af store kræfter skal reguleres ved hjælp af ringe elektriske effekter, f.eks. i koblinger, hydraulikven-15 tiler, støddæmpere, vibratorer eller apparater til placering og fastholdelse af emner. Ved en række byggeelementer på basis af EVF kommer EVF umiddelbart i berøring med elastomere materialer. Det har vist sig, at de fleste i litteraturen beskrevne EVF ikke er egnede i sådanne tilfælde, da de indeholder 20 olier eller opløsningsmidler, som angriber eller opkvælder eller under visse omstændigheder endog opløser elastomere materialer. Et yderligere i praksis stillet krav består i, at EVF i et temperaturområde på ca. -50°C til 150°C er flydende og kemisk bestandigt og i det mindste i et temperaturområde på 25 -30°C til 110°C udviser en tilstrækkelig elektroviskos effekt.
Endelig skal det også være sikkert, at EVF forbliver stabil i et langt tidsrum, dvs. at der ikke finder nogen faseadskillelse sted, og især at der ikke dannes noget vanskeligt redisper- gerbart sediment.
30 EVF på basis af silicagel/siliconolie er allerede beskrevet i US-PS nr. 30 47 507. De her anvendte dispergerings-midler, såsom sorbitansequioleat, men også andre tensider, fører praktisk talt altid til EVF, som især ved højere temperaturer udviser en for ringe elektroreaktivitet og en for høj elektrisk
35 I
ledeevne. Ved for høj ledeevne kræves til aktivering af EVF for høje strømme og dermed for høje elektriske effekter, eller der kan ikke frembringes tilstrækkeligt høje elektriske felter i EVF.
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2 0 Til grund for den foreligende opfindelse ligger den opgave at udvikle EVF/ som også ved høje temperaturer (indtil 110°C) er i besiddelse af en høj elektroreaktivitet og en ringe elektrisk ledeevne.
Idet man går ud fra en elektroviskos suspension på basis 5 af silicagel og siliconolie, løses denne opgave ifølge opfindelsen ved, at der tilsættes et dispergeringsmiddel, som består af aminofunktionelle, hydroxyfunktionelle, acetoxy-funktionelle eller alkoxyfunktionelle polysiloxaner med en molekylvægt på >800. Derved tilsættes polysiloxanerne i en kon-10 centration på 1 til 30 vægtprocent, fortrinsvis 5 til 20 vægtprocent, beregnet på silicagelpartiklerne.
Fortrinsvis har de som dispergatorer anvendte aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner følgende almene formel 15 ? /?ΗΛ /XX ?
R-N-X-h-Si-0 I -h-Si-o—Λ-Si-X-N-R
\CH 3 / ( X J CH3 hvor 10 <n £.1000, m= 0 til 5, R = H eller alkyl med 1-8 carbonatomer, og X er en divalent gruppe, som består af C, H og eventuelt O og/eller N.
Sammenknytningen af aminogrupperne med silicongrundskeiet- tet sker enten over en SiC- eller en SiOC-binding. Ønskes en
SiC-binding, betyder X en divalent carbonhydridgruppe med 1-6, 30 fortrinsvis 1-3, carbonatomer. Særlig foretrukken som en amino-funktionel gruppe er aminomethyl- og γ-aminopropylgrupperne. Således kan X f.eks. betyde gruppen C^-CH -Ct^-NH-CE^Ci^-Nfc^· Ønskes en SiOC-sammenknytning, er den aminofunktionelle gruppe
H
35 '
R-N-X
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3 en aminoalkoxygruppe. Af hydrolysestabilitetsgrunde foretrækkes en sekundær SiOC-sammenknytning. Særligt egnet er derfor en 1-amino-2-propoxygruppe 5 CH3 CH, 1-5 ,3 -OC-CH -NH_ eller l-amino-3-butoxygruppe. -OC-CH -CH -NH„. i “ “ » 2 2 2
Η H
10 I stedet for aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner kan man også anvende siliciumfunktionelle polysiloxaner med den almene 15 formel * __/fe,)—& Λ"·,/ “3 som dispergeringsmiddel. Her er 10 <n <£.1000. Y betyder en hydrolyserbar gruppe, fortrinsvis en hydroxy-, en alkoxy- eller 25 carboxygruppe. ! i
Fortrinsvis indeholder de ovenfor nævnte som disperge-ringsmidler anvendelige funktionelle polysiloxaner 20-300 ; dimethylsiloxanenheder. Disse muliggør især fremstillingen af dispersioner med et stort faststofindhold ved en ikke for høj 30 grundviskositet.
Med den foreliggende opfindelse opnås følgende fordele:
De her omhandlede EVF udviser overraskende både store elektroreaktiviteter og lave elektriske ledeevner, som kun er lidet temperaturafhængig.
35 De er desuden på bedste måde forenelige med elastomere materialer, især med gummi, de er afsætningsstabile og fysiologisk indifferente (ikke giftige). Desuden er de inden for et
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4 usædvanligt bredt temperaturområde varme- og kuldebestandige og udviser kun en ringe temperatur- og trykafhængighed for viskositeten. Desuden har de her omhandlede elektroviskose suspensioner gunstige dielektriske værdier, der kun er lidet 5 afhængige af temperaturen og frekvensen, samt en høj elektrisk gennemslagsstyrke. Som en yderligere fordel skal fremhæves, at fremstillingen af EVF er forholdsvis let og derfor billig, og at handelstilgængelige produkter kan anvendes som udgangsstoffer.
10 I det følgende belyses opfindelsen nærmere ved hjælp af eksempler, som er tydeliggjort i diagrammer og ved hjælp af en tabel. På tegningen viser:
Fig. 1 afhængigheden af den ved EVF målte forskydningsspænding 15 som funktion af den elektriske feltstyrke ved konstant . forskydningshastighed, fig. 2 den elektriske ledeevne af EVF som funktion af feltstyrken ved konstant forskydningshastighed, og 20 tabellen viser de karakteristiske data for EVF ifølge opfindelsen i sammenligning med teknikkens stade. De fremgangsmådetekniske forholdsregler til fremstilling af EVF, den kemiske fremstillingsmetode for dispergatorerne, den til kontrol af de ønskede 25 fysiske egenskaber nødvendige måleteknik såvel som typiske udførelseseksempler for de her omhandlede EVF er angivet.
Til fremstilling af EVF kan man anvende i handlen tilgængelige silicageler. Alt efter behov kan fugtighedsindholdet af silicagelen forhøjes eller formindskes. Ved fremstillingen 30 af dispersionerne blandes siliconolien og en del af eller den totale mængde dispergeringsmiddel i forvejen, og under stadig omrøring indrøres silicagelen i siliconolien. I begyndelsen kan silicagelen inddoseres hurtigt, medens silicagelen henimod slutningen med tiltagende viskositet tilsættes langsomt. 35 Hvis der fra begyndelsen kun iblandes en del af dispergerings-midlet, tilsættes samtidigt med tilsætningen af silicagelen den resterende mængde dispergeringsmiddel. For slut- 5
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egenskaberne for EVF er fremstillingsproceduren imidlertid ikke kritisk. Måden for sammenblanding er heller ikke kritisk for slutegenskaberne af EVF. Man kan f.eks. anvende enkle omrøringsapparater, kuglemøller eller ultralyd til dis-5 pergering. Ved en intensiv sammenblanding kan dispersionerne imidlertid i almindelighed fremstilles hurtigere og kan derved også gøres noget mere findelte.
Mængden af det nødvendige dispergeringsmiddel afhænger stærkt af den specifikke overflade af den anvendte silicagel.
10 Som rettesnor kræves ca. 1 til 4 mg/m . Den absolut nødvendige mængde afhænger imidertid yderligere af arten af den anvendte silicagel samt af dispergeringsmidlet.
Handelstilgængelige silicageler er f.eks. "Ultrasil", "D.urosil", "Extrusil" fra firmaet Degussa eller "Vulkasil"-, 15 "Silikasil"- og Baysikal"-typer fra firmaet Bayer. De anvendte silicageler behøver ikke at være rent Si02 og kan uden videre indeholde indtil 20 vægtprocent A^O^, Na20 og CaO. Desuden kan der ofte være endnu nogle vægtprocent SO^, Cl og Fe2^3 til stede. Glødetabet, dvs. vægttabet ved 1000°C, bevæger sig i 20 almindelighed mellem 10 og 15 vægtprocent. Heraf er i snit ca. 6 vægtprocent fugtighed, hvilket er ensbetydende med vægttabet, som bestemmes ved tørring ved 105°C. Den specifikke overflade, målt ifølge BET-metoden, andrager almindeligvis 2 mellem 20 og 200 m /g. Den er imidlertid ikke kritisk og kan 25 helt igennem være noget mindre eller større. En for lille specifik overflade fører imidlertid let til uønsket grove dispersioner, medens en for høj specifik overflade kan føre til et for stort dispergeringsmiadelbehov.
Som dispersionsmedium egnede siliconolier er poly-dimethylsiloxaner og polymere methylphenylsiloxaner. De egnede 2 olier har ved stuetemperatur en viskositet på ca. 3 til 300 mm /-s. I almindelighed foretrækkes imidlertid lavviskose olier (3 til 20 mm /s), fordi man herved opnår en lavere grundviskositet af EVF, således at man kan opnå stærke viskositetsændringer 35 ved hjælp af den elektroviskose virkning.
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6 0 Fremstillingen af de som dispergator anvendte aminomodi- ficerede polysiloxaner er i princippet kendt for en fagmand, men varierer alt efter hvilken slags sammenknytning, der ønskes. Forbindelser af typen
6 “ /cH3\ /CH3 \ CH3 R
R-N-X-i- Si-O-j-T~ Si-X-N-H
\^l · 0,3
\:J
hvor n og m har ovennævnte betydning,og X = CH2,fremstilles ud fra de tilsvarende halogenderivater (Cl eller Br) og den tilsvarende amin /ck, \ /ch3\ ch3 cich2-i- Si-O- f Si-O-4-Si-CH2C1 VH3/ v / ®3 20 \ Cl / \ m
Η H
+ 2 (m+2) N-R -^ 2 (m+2) H-N-R Cl0 t
H
25 v ? “3 /4H3 \ X?H3 \ «3 »
+ R-N-CH2— Si-O-j- Si-O-W- Si-oA—Si-CH2-N-R
Vr/ m
Den Cl-hol'dige forbindelse fremstilles ved c‘o-hydrolyse af ønskede mængder af C1CH2(CH3)2SiCl, C1CH2(CH3)SiCl2 og 35 (Cri3)2SiCl2. Naturligvis kan man i stedet for Cl også anvende Br.
DK 162106 B
7 0 Forbindelser af ovennævnte type, hvor X er en alkylgrup- pe med 2-6 carbonatomer, kan f.eks. fremstilles ved platinkatalyseret addition af en egnet olefin til SiH-holdige forbindelser. Således omsættes f.eks. allylchlorid med en silicon- olie med formlen 5 /?»3 Λ ?Η3
H—f- Si-O—j—r-Si-0—|-Si-H
>./ \ λ “· til en γ-chlorfunktionel siliconolie, som analogt med den ovenfor for X = CH beskrevne reaktion kan omsættes til den ønskede 15 ^ aminofunktionelle olie. Alternative måder er i princippet ligeledes velkendtefor en fagmand.
Forbindelser af ovennævnte dispergatortype, hvor X kan betyde en aminoalkoxygruppe, kan fremstilles ved omsætning af siliciumfunktionelle olier, som f.eks. indeholder SiCl, SiOC-ii,.
20 2 5 Si-O-C-CH,, eller SiH-grupper. med aminoalkanoler, eventuelt under o tilsætning af egnede katalysatorer. Særligt egnet er 1-propa- nolamin. I tilfælde af aminoalkoxyfunktionelle systemer kan m (fordelagtigt) have værdien 0. Særlig foretrukken som dispergator 25 er en aminoalkoxyfunktionel polysiloxan med formlen CB3 ch3 /ch3\ ch3 ch3 NH2”CH2”CH -O-Si-0-p- Si-O—j— Si-OCH —CH0-NH_ 30 CH3 \=H3 J CH3 hvor n har en værdi mellem 15 og 100, fortrinsvis mellem 30 35 og 70.
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8 o
Det er desuden muligt først at fremstille silanen ?H3 (CH3)2-Si = (OCHCH2NH2)2 5 og derpå gennemføre en kædeopbygning ved hjælp af en basisk katalyseret ækvilibreringsreaktion under tilsætning af octame-thylcyclotetrasiloxan.
10 De således fremstillede EVF undersøges i et modificeret rotationsviskosimeter, som allerede beskrevet af W.M. Winslow i J. Appl. Phys. 20 (1949), side 1137-1140.
Elektrodefladen af den indre roterende cylinder med en 2 diameter på 50 mm andrager ca. 78 cm , spaltevidden mellem 15 elektroderne 0,58 mm. Ved de dynamiske målinger kan forskydningsbelastningen indstilles på maksimalt 2330 s Måleområdet af viskosimetret for forskydningsspændingen andrager maksimalt 750 Pa. Statiske og dynamiske målinger er mulige. Aktivering af EVF kan ske både med jævn- og vekselspænding.
20 Ved aktivering med jævnspænding kan der ved nogle væsker foruden den spontane forhøjelse af viskositeten eller flydegræn-sen ved tilslutning af feltet også finde langsomne udskillelsesprocesser af de faste partikler på elektrodeoverflademe sted, som forvansker måleresultatet, især ved lave forskydningshastigheder 25 hhv. ved statiske målinger. Derfor foretrækkes undersøgelsen af EVF med vekselspænding og ved dynamisk forskydningsbelastning. Man opnår således godt reproducerbare flydekurver.
Til bestemmelse af elektroreaktiviteten indstiller man en konstant forskydningshastighed 0 <D <2330 s ^ og måler 30 afhængigheden af forskydningsspændingen O* af den elektriske feltstyrke E. Med forsøgsapparaturet kan man frembringe vekselfelter indtil en maksimal effektiv feltstyrke på 2370 kV/m ved en maksimal effektiv strøm på 4mA og en frekvens på 50 Hz.
Man opnår herved flydekurver svarende til fig. 1. Man vil 35 se, at forskydningsspændingen ^ ved lave feltstyrker først stiger parabelformigt og ved større feltstyrker lineært. Stigningen S af den lineære del af kurven kan ses ud fra fig. 1 9
O
DK 162106 B
og er angivet i kPa.m/kV. Ud fra skæringspunktet af den rette linie S med den rette linie (forskydningsspænding uden elektrisk felt) bestemmes tærskelværdien af den elektriske feltstyrke og angives i kV/m. For forøgelsen af forskydningsspæn-5 dingen (E)- Gj^i det elektriske felt E>EQ gælder: Τ' (Ε)-(Γ= S(E-E0) .
10 Målingerne kan man gentage med forskellige forskydnings hastigheder D. De herved bestemte værdier for Eq og S har almindeligvis en spredning i et område fra ca. +5% til + 20% fra middelværdien.
Den elektriske ledeevne^t bestemmes ud fra den effektive 15 strømtæthed I og den effektive feltstyrke E. Ved konstant forskydningshastighed D stiger ledeevnen ved højere feltstyrker E >Eq lineært med den elektriske feltstyrke (se fig. 2). Ud fra fig. 2 ses stigningen L af den elektriske ledeevne3£med feltstyrken E i nS/kV og skæringspunktet KQ mellem den indtegnede 20 rette linie L og ordinaten (E = O) i nS/m. KQ kan også antage negative værdier. For E>Eg kan man herved beregne ledeevnen ifølge ligningen (E) = L . E + KQ 25
Ved de riedenfor beskrevne udførelseseksempler svarer eksemplerne nr. 1 til 4 til teknikkens stade. Ved eksempel nr.
5 til 11 drejer det sig om de her omhandlede EVF. 1 2 3 4 5 6 udførelseseksempler 2
Silicagel 1: ca. 80 vægtprocent SiO^ 3
ca. 6 vægtprocent CaO
4
ca. 3 vægtprocent Na^O
5 <0/4 vægtprocent 6
Glødetab ifølge DIN 55921/2: ca. 7 vægtprocent Tørringstab ifølge DIN 55921/2: ca. 6 vægtprocent 2 BET-overflade: ca. 35 m /g
DK 162106B
10 o
Siliconolie: Polydimethylsiloxan o 2 -1
Viskositet ved 25 C: 5 mm S
Vægtfylde ved 25°C: 0,9 g/cm^ 5 Dielektricitetstal Er ifølge DIN 53483 ved 0°C og 50 Hz: 2,8 n -4
Tabsfaktor tancf ifølge DIN 53483 ved 0 C og 50 Hz: 2x10 Udførelseseksempler 10 Silicagel: ca. 80 vægtprocent SiQ^ ca. 6 vægtprocent CaO ca. 3 vægtprocent Na^O < 0,4 vægtprocent 15 Glødetab ifølge DIN 55921/2: ca. 7 vægtprocent Tørringstab ifølge DIN 55921/2: ca. 6 vægtprocent 2 BET-overflade: ca. 35 m /g
Siliconolie: Polydimethylsiloxan 20 2 -1
Viskositet ved 25 C: 5 mm & Vægtfylde ved 25°C: 0,9 g/cm^
Dielektricitetstal Er ifølge DIN 53483 ved 0°C og 50 Hz: 2,8
Tabsfaktor tancfifølge DIN 53483 ved 0°C og 50 Hz: 2x10 ^ 25
Eksempel nr. 1 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 4 vægtdele sorbitanmonooleat 30
Eksempel nr. 2 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 4 vægtdele sorbitansesquioleat 35
O
DK 162106B
11
Eksempel nr. 3 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 4 vægtdele glycerolmono- og-dioleat ("Atmos" 300) 5
Eksempel nr. 4 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 6 vægtdele 2-heptadecenyl-4-ethyl-2-oxazolin-4-methanol 10
Eksempel nr. 5 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 2 vægtdele M'2D16 15
Eksempel nr. 6 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 4 vægtdele ^2^28 20
Eksempel nr. 7 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 2 vægtdele M'2D'2Dgg 25
Eksempel nr. 8 50 vægtdele silicagel 1 50 vægtdele siliconolie 2,5 vægtdele M'2Di20 30
Eksempel nr. 9 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 4 vægtdele HO-D2qq-H 35
O
DK 162106B
12
Eksempel nr. 10 40 vægtdele silicagel 1 60 vægtdele siliconolie 4 vægtdele CH^-C-O-D .-C-CH,
5 O O
med CH- H CH, 10 I 3 I I 3 D = -Si-O- M* = C6H11-N-CH2-Si-0—
Ch3 CH3 H CH- I I 3 D' = C-.EL . -N-CH -Si-O-
15 b XI Z
CH.CN I 31 3 M" = NH2-CH2-CH2-C-0Si-0- 1 CM.
H 3 20 25 30 35 f
DK 162106 B
13
O
i-i
X
|N. S' >1 Ή
J* H
V 3
W ID ro £ O O O O Γ» t-0O
i c in Γ' (S m m m mm \| ni m o) m T- T- J m r i4 ________ •ri
El S' s. ci m ή _
Cj i C niiOr-iiD »- o *- oo σι o n.| η η "ji r m o tj* mm o O 11¾ -“ -- cu σ\ tt C---------—- > d) Γ'ν g ^ d) ν' io tt o m in in r v mm h irt “ -βίο IC oo S *>|x $ |4 u__-__ 1 " +> tn in.
h El
d) 'N
tn tn lomr^m t- m in co vom ΛίϋΙΰ « ^ n ro -a- m m m mm
Cl) o -'vi o > m O «- __O! ________ _____ — S1?
S S -H
* ri (8 v r- m 3 co e* » oo » σι ιο fu n- s m oi « o o m . r- m m mmvor* mio
*nI <D
Ui * ——— —- x--—--- •ri ΓΝ
El S' -μ u -N ti X o > m m -ri σ σ m m »- oom CD o i,y r^· m h -- r- m m r* id^· IH (Λ N| r N ,jj m Tf Tf Tf CM Tf Tf m 0 s 0) w ______ cn x x >1 tn -ri \ 1 > E o o · -1 5_i cd t— m oo cn σι © σι η·· p·· +j cu iø n m co T- σι oo m m -r ,;4 , m ττ m m ^ m m m ττ Tf
d) NJ
rH W
d) --— u ^ o tn m in.
-η m El E > μ iøk! r-~ m © γ- © r- Tf σ\ <x> -a· N \| COCO*— Tf oo m r- co cn o nOmr'T-tNTrmmiocNn- W__ • · t n ·" μ X ti _ rj o T-mmTrmvoiNooo\>—i
Claims (5)
1. Elektroviskose suspensioner, der indeholder mere end 25 vægtprocent silicagel med et vandindhold på 1-15 vægtprocent som dispers fase og .siliconolie som flydende fase samt et dispergeringsmiddel, kendetegnet ved, 5 „ at dispergeringsmidlet består af aminofunktionelle eller hydroxyfunktionelle eller acetoxyfunktionelle eller alkoxy- funktionelle polysiloxaner med en molekylvægt på >800.
2. Elektroviskose dispersioner ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at polysiloxanerne er tilsat med en 10 koncentration på 1-30 vægtprocent, fortrinsvis 5-20 vægtprocent, beregnet på silicagelpartiklerne.
3. Elektroviskose dispersioner ifølge krav 1 til 2, kendetegnet ved, at de aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner har følgende struktur: 15 H /CH3 \ S2H3 \ CH3 H R-N-X-L Si-O-j—f— Si-O—Λ-Si-X-N-R 20 \CHV \ ? / n \h-;.r / m hvor 10 <. n £.1000, m = 0 til 5, R = H eller alkyl med 1-8 carbon-25 atomer, og x er en divalent gruppe, der består af C, H og eventuelt O og/eller N.
4. Elektroviskos dispersion ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at de aminofunktionelle polysiloxaner har følgende struktur 30 i 35 O DK 162106 B M'D *D 2 m n 5 idet H CBL » i J M '= C6H1:L-N-CH2-Si—O — CH3 10 H CH- t i J D· - C6Hu-N-CH2-Si-0-?H3 D = —Si-O- t CH3 20 med m = 0 til 3, og 10 er c n < 1000.
5. Elektroviskos dispersion ifølge krav 1 til 2, kendetegnet ved, at polysiloxanerne har følgende 25 struktur: /ch3 \ CH3 Y L Si-O—j—Si-Y 30 med 10 C n £-1000, idet Y er en hydrolyserbar gruppe, især en hydroxy-, en alkoxy- eller carboxygruppe. 35
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3427499 | 1984-07-26 | ||
DE19843427499 DE3427499A1 (de) | 1984-07-26 | 1984-07-26 | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK338085D0 DK338085D0 (da) | 1985-07-24 |
DK338085A DK338085A (da) | 1986-01-27 |
DK162106B true DK162106B (da) | 1991-09-16 |
DK162106C DK162106C (da) | 1992-02-17 |
Family
ID=6241578
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK338085A DK162106C (da) | 1984-07-26 | 1985-07-24 | Elektroviskose suspensioner eller dispersioner |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4645614A (da) |
EP (1) | EP0170939B1 (da) |
JP (1) | JPS6144998A (da) |
KR (1) | KR920001052B1 (da) |
AT (1) | ATE35824T1 (da) |
AU (1) | AU575416B2 (da) |
BR (1) | BR8503538A (da) |
CA (1) | CA1255091A (da) |
DE (2) | DE3427499A1 (da) |
DK (1) | DK162106C (da) |
ES (1) | ES8704536A1 (da) |
FI (1) | FI78500C (da) |
NO (1) | NO165728C (da) |
ZA (1) | ZA855611B (da) |
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-
1984
- 1984-07-26 DE DE19843427499 patent/DE3427499A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-06-28 CA CA000486134A patent/CA1255091A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-07-09 US US06/753,216 patent/US4645614A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-07-11 NO NO852800A patent/NO165728C/no unknown
- 1985-07-15 EP EP85108805A patent/EP0170939B1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-07-15 DE DE8585108805T patent/DE3563856D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-07-15 AT AT85108805T patent/ATE35824T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-07-23 AU AU45284/85A patent/AU575416B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-07-24 ES ES545527A patent/ES8704536A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-07-24 DK DK338085A patent/DK162106C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-07-24 FI FI852892A patent/FI78500C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-07-25 KR KR1019850005321A patent/KR920001052B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-07-25 BR BR8503538A patent/BR8503538A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-07-25 ZA ZA855611A patent/ZA855611B/xx unknown
- 1985-07-26 JP JP60164241A patent/JPS6144998A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0339560B2 (da) | 1991-06-14 |
AU4528485A (en) | 1986-01-30 |
ES8704536A1 (es) | 1987-04-01 |
DK338085D0 (da) | 1985-07-24 |
ZA855611B (en) | 1986-03-26 |
ES545527A0 (es) | 1987-04-01 |
DE3563856D1 (en) | 1988-08-25 |
KR920001052B1 (ko) | 1992-02-01 |
JPS6144998A (ja) | 1986-03-04 |
DK162106C (da) | 1992-02-17 |
NO165728B (no) | 1990-12-17 |
NO852800L (no) | 1986-01-27 |
NO165728C (no) | 1991-03-27 |
AU575416B2 (en) | 1988-07-28 |
FI78500C (fi) | 1989-08-10 |
DK338085A (da) | 1986-01-27 |
BR8503538A (pt) | 1986-04-22 |
CA1255091A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
FI852892L (fi) | 1986-01-27 |
EP0170939B1 (de) | 1988-07-20 |
EP0170939A1 (de) | 1986-02-12 |
ATE35824T1 (de) | 1988-08-15 |
KR860001180A (ko) | 1986-02-24 |
US4645614A (en) | 1987-02-24 |
FI852892A0 (fi) | 1985-07-24 |
DE3427499A1 (de) | 1986-02-13 |
FI78500B (fi) | 1989-04-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PBP | Patent lapsed |