DK147063B - Fremgangsmaade til pigmentering af koedet hos anadrome fisk opdraettet i fangenskab - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaade til pigmentering af koedet hos anadrome fisk opdraettet i fangenskab Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK147063B DK147063B DK122677AA DK122677A DK147063B DK 147063 B DK147063 B DK 147063B DK 122677A A DK122677A A DK 122677AA DK 122677 A DK122677 A DK 122677A DK 147063 B DK147063 B DK 147063B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- meat
- pigmenting
- fish
- anadrome
- prison
- Prior art date
Links
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- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fish Paste Products (AREA)
Description
i 147063 o
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til pigmentering af kødet hos anadrome fisk, såsom laks, opdrættet i fangenskab, ved hvilken fiskene opdrættes på en kost, hvori indgår et carotenoidt pigment såsom canthaxanthin 5 eller astaxanthin, og en spiselig emulgator, der fremmer fiskens optagelse af det carotenoide pigment.
Foder til industrielt opdrættede fisk suppleres ofte ved inkorporering af mindre andele af f.eks. vitaminer, vi-tamin-precursors og pigmenteringsmidler. Betydningen af vi-10 taminer og vitamin-precursors er velkendt, og pigmenteringsmidler har især betydning i dyrefodere, hvor de skal give dyrets kød en tiltalende farve, f.eks. den lyserøde farve i kød hos anadrome fisk såsom laks og havørred, eller farve et af dyrets produkter, f.eks. den gule farve af blommen i hønseæg.
15 For at kunne udnyttes effektivt suppleres dyrets kost med et pigmenteringsmiddel i vandopløselig eller vanddisper-gerbar form, og hidtil er dette blevet opnået ved inkorporering af det kostsupplerende middel i foderet, der selv sædvanligvis foreligger i partikelform, idet dette middel selv 20 er vandopløseligt eller vanddispergerbart. Britisk patentskrift nr. 831.765, 887.883 og 918.399 omhandler sådanne vand-dispergerbare præparater, især på grundlag af carotenoider.
De mere effektive af disse tidligere kendte præparater indeholder tillige emulgatorer, og nærværende opfindelse angår 25 specielt en fremgangsmåde, hvor denne type præparater benyt tes. Sådanne præparater har været tilgængelige og udstrakt anvendt i mange år, og fremstillingen og anvendelsen af et typisk præparat af denne type findes beskrevet i britisk patentskrift nr. 918.399.
30 Hidtil har den emulgator, der har været mest anvendt i sådanne fodertilskud, været ascorbylpalmitat, dvs. et alkalimetal- eller ammoniumsalt af palmitoylesteren af ascor-binsyre.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, 35 at emulgatoren er et acyllactylat, som hovedsageligt består 147063 o 2 af forbindelser med formlen
RCO-O-CH(CHg)CO-O-CH(CH3)CO-OX
5 hvori RCO er en acylgruppe indeholdende 12-20 carbonatomer, og X er hydrogen eller et metalatom, og at vægtforholdet mellem carotenoidt pigment og emulgator er fra 10:1 til 1:5.
Acyllactylater er i handelen værende emulgatorer, der i hovedsagen består af forbindelser indeholdende én acylrest 10 sammenkoblet med to mælkesyrerester, således som gengivet ved / ovenstående almene formel. Disse forbindelser fremstilles almindeligvis ved omsætning af en langkædet aliphatisk syre med mælkesyre i et molforhold på ca. 1:2, efterfulgt af neutralisering til et passende salt, f.eks. natrium- eller calcium-15 saltet. Selv om den overvejende komponent i et i handelen værende acyllactylat er reaktionsproduktet indeholdende én acylrest sammenbundet med to mælkesyrerester, vil disse i handelen værende emulgatorer også indeholde mindre mængder af andre reaktionsprodukter, især fordi acylgruppen selv er af-20 ledt fra en industriel fedtsyrekilde, såsom en naturlig fedt eller olie, og derfor vil indeholde en blanding af fedtsyrer med sædvanligvis én speciel carbonkædelængde som den overvejende. Fortrinsvis vil acylgruppen i acyllactylatet indeholde 16-20 carbonatomer. En særlig foretrukken emulgator til an-25 vendelse ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er stearoyllac-tylat, og denne emulgator fås almindeligvis i form af sit natrium- eller calciumsalt.
Fra Chemical Abstracts Vol 68, 1968, nr. 11751a kendes anvendelse af acyllactater som emulgatorer godkendt til brug 30 i levnedsmidler, nemlig som konditioneringsmidler i bageridej, piskeskum, pynteglasur og fyldstof til kager, i pandekager og vafler.
Vægtforholdet mellem pigmenteringsmidlet og acyllactylatet kan varieres inden for visse grænser ved fremgangsmåden 35 ifølge opfindelsen, og foder og tilskud af denne type må sam- 147063 3
O
mensættes til vægtforhold således, at der fås et vægtforhold mellem carotinoidt pigment og acyllactylat fra 10:1 til 1:5.
Det carotinoide pigment og acyllactylatet kan udgøre de eneste bestanddele i et præparat som anvendes ved frem-5 gangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, men almindeligvis vil det være ønskeligt at inkorporere én eller flere yderligere bestanddele som bærere eller fortyndingsmidler, f.eks. i handelen værende spiselige stoffer såsom spiselige gummier, f.eks. gelatine, dextrin, gummi-arabicum, tragacanth-gummi og pectin, 10 samt sukkere såsom saccharose og sukkerderivater såsom sac-charose-estere. Andre egnede bestanddele findes nævnt i britisk patentskrift nr. 918.399. Sådanne yderligere bestanddele kan anvendes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen i en hvilken som helst mængde på op til f.eks. 99%, men i praksis 15 vil man normalt ikke overskride en mængde på 80%.
Selv om de fulde fordele ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen også vil opnås, hvis et acyllactylat anvendes som den eneste emulgator, kan der om ønsket også benyttes ét eller flere af de konventionelle emulgeringsmidler til dette 20 formål.
Også andre slags kostsupplerende midler kan indgå ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, især vitaminer såsom vitamin A, D, E og K. De anvendte carotenoider er navnlig canthaxan-thin, astaxanthin, β-caroten, lycopen, bixin, zeaxanthin, cryp-25 toxanthin, lutein, f3-apo-8' -carotenal, 3-apo-12 '-carotenal, 8-apo-8'-carotensyreethylester og/eller estere af hydroxyl-eller carboxylholdige carotenoider.
Et velegnet spiseligt præparat til brug ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan fremstilles ved en fremgangsmåde, 30 der er analog med den i britisk patentskrift nr. 918.399 beskrevne, hvor det carotenoide pigment og acyllactylatet opløses i et passende organisk opløsningsmiddel såsom chloroform, carbontetrachlorid, methylenchlorid eller benzen, hvorefter opløsningen emulgeres i vand indeholdende eventuelt ønskede 35 yderligere bestanddele, den fremkomne emulsion tørres, og op- 147063 4 o løsningsmidlet fjernes ved afdampning, således at præparatet fås f.eks. i granulerbar form eller partikelform.
Præparatet kan ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen indgives til anadrome fisk, især lakse- og ørredarter, enten 5 adskilt fra de øvrige komponenter i kosten eller i blanding med de andre komponenter. Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen bevirker det carotenoide pigment indgivet som fodertilsætning til anadrome fisk en overraskende mere intens farvning af deres kød. Desuden vil selve foderets farve forøges så det 10 gøres mere attraktivt.
Det følgende eksempel illustrerer fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, hvor kødet af laks, der opdrættet i fangenskab, meddeles en betydelig bedre farve.
15 Eksempel
Der fremstilledes en række præparater til brug ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen indeholdende canthaxanthin som carotenoidt pigment, natriumstearoyllactylat og gelatine, ved at canthaxanthinen og stearoyllactylatet opløses i varm 20 chloroform, denne opløsning emulgeres i en vandig opløsning af gelatine, og emulsionen frysetørres til en skør masse, som formales til en partikelstørrelse, egnet til inkorporering i fiskefoder I præparaterne er vægtforholdene mellem canthaxanthin 25 og natriumstearoyllactylat følgende: Vægtforhold mellem canthaxanthin
Præparat og natriumstearoyllactylat A 1:2 30 B 2:1 C 5:1
Disse præparater sættes til kosten for forskellige flokke af laks. Et i handelen værende præparat af analog ty-35 pe indeholdende cantyaxanthin og axcorbylpalmitat som emulgator anvendes som kontrol.
U7063 5
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Hvert præparat gives til fiskene, således at hver fisk får 50 ppm canthaxanthin, efter vægten af dens kost. Efter et tidsrum på 11 uger dræbes fiskene, og det gennemsnitlige indhold af canthaxanthin i kødet for hver flok bestemmes ved ke-5 misk analyse. I efterfølgende tabel er anført de opnåede resultater, efter korrigering for den sporvise mængde farve, der findes i kødet hos endnu en kontrol-fiskeflok, hvis kost slet ikke er tilsat canthaxanthin.
10 Mængde af canthaxanthin
Præparat _i kødet (ppm)_ A 1,0 B 0,8 C 1,4 15 Handelspræp. 0,1 intet 0
Disse resultater viser, at hvert af præparaterne, som anvendes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, bevirker en 20 betydelig større farveoptagning i kødet hos laks end det i handelen værende præparat.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1147876 | 1976-03-22 | ||
| GB11478/76A GB1581744A (en) | 1976-03-22 | 1976-03-22 | Edible composition |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK122677A DK122677A (da) | 1977-09-23 |
| DK147063B true DK147063B (da) | 1984-04-02 |
| DK147063C DK147063C (da) | 1984-09-17 |
Family
ID=9986994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK122677A DK147063C (da) | 1976-03-22 | 1977-03-21 | Fremgangsmaade til pigmentering af koedet hos anadrome fisk opdraettet i fangenskab |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4141994A (da) |
| JP (1) | JPS52117449A (da) |
| AT (1) | AT374344B (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1083960A (da) |
| CH (1) | CH627350A5 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE2711486A1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK147063C (da) |
| ES (1) | ES456966A1 (da) |
| FR (1) | FR2345087A1 (da) |
| GB (1) | GB1581744A (da) |
| IE (1) | IE45410B1 (da) |
| IS (1) | IS2382A7 (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1082544B (da) |
| NL (1) | NL7703074A (da) |
| NO (1) | NO144594C (da) |
| SE (1) | SE428520B (da) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0716365B2 (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1995-03-01 | 日清製粉株式会社 | 家禽卵の生産方法 |
| US5180747A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1993-01-19 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | Stabilized fat-soluble vitamin compositions |
| EP0415464A3 (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-03-11 | Unilever Nv | Edible fat-containing products containing carotenoids |
| GB9016012D0 (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1990-09-05 | Unilever Plc | Pigments |
| GB2257628A (en) * | 1991-06-20 | 1993-01-20 | Martin Richard Jaffa | Vitamin pill for fish |
| CH685674A5 (de) * | 1993-12-19 | 1995-09-15 | Marigen Sa | Ultramikroemulsionen aus spontan dispergierbaren Konzentraten mit pharmakologisch wirksamen Estern von Apocarotinolen. |
| US5722346A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1998-03-03 | The Board Of Governors For Higher Education | Smolting feed |
| WO1998018345A1 (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-07 | Finnfeeds International Limited | Use of an enzyme for promoting pigment uptake from a feed |
| NO306652B1 (no) * | 1998-03-10 | 1999-12-06 | Nutreco Aquaculture Res Centre | Oppdrettsfiskefor i form av et diettfor og anvendelse av foret i en spesiell foringsperiode |
| US6793193B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-09-21 | Dart Industries Inc. | Adjustable mold for forming shaped food |
| NO319624B1 (no) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-09-05 | Trouw Internat Bv | Fiskefôr for laksefisk i ferskvann og anvendelse av slikt fôr. |
| NO323529B1 (no) * | 2004-05-13 | 2007-06-04 | Trouw Internat Bv | Framgangsmate for reduksjon av innholdet av uonskede naeringsstoffer i avlopsvann fra fiskeoppdrettsanlegg. |
| KR100960531B1 (ko) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-06-03 | 윤관식 | 지방의 체내 이용효율을 향상시키는 동물용 담즙산염 보조제 및 이를 포함하는 동물 사료 |
| PL2729015T3 (pl) * | 2011-07-08 | 2019-07-31 | Purac Biochem Bv | Aktywna formulacja do stosowania w produktach paszowych |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE551344A (da) * | ||||
| CH420822A (de) * | 1960-10-17 | 1966-09-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | Wasserdispergierbare Carotinoidzubereitung |
| US3228772A (en) * | 1963-03-01 | 1966-01-11 | Paniplus Company | Emulsification agents |
| DE1692593A1 (de) * | 1967-09-20 | 1971-07-22 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carotinoidpraeparaten |
| US3695889A (en) * | 1970-06-05 | 1972-10-03 | Avoset Food Corp | Emulsifier system for substitute dairy products |
| US3786123A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1974-01-15 | S Katzen | Method for stabilizing and preserving nutrients and products |
| CA994158A (en) * | 1972-02-09 | 1976-08-03 | Rex J. Sims | Protein-free oil in water emulsions |
| FR2187291A1 (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1974-01-18 | Quatrar Sarl | Water-sol carotenoid compsns - for poultry food additives or colouring human foodstuffs |
| US3998753A (en) * | 1974-08-13 | 1976-12-21 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Water dispersible carotenoid preparations and processes thereof |
-
1976
- 1976-03-22 GB GB11478/76A patent/GB1581744A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-03-16 DE DE19772711486 patent/DE2711486A1/de active Granted
- 1977-03-17 ES ES456966A patent/ES456966A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-03-18 NO NO770967A patent/NO144594C/no unknown
- 1977-03-18 IS IS2382A patent/IS2382A7/is unknown
- 1977-03-18 JP JP3025677A patent/JPS52117449A/ja active Granted
- 1977-03-18 FR FR7708202A patent/FR2345087A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-18 AT AT0189477A patent/AT374344B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-21 DK DK122677A patent/DK147063C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-21 US US05/779,785 patent/US4141994A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-03-21 SE SE7703227A patent/SE428520B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-21 IT IT67625/77A patent/IT1082544B/it active
- 1977-03-21 IE IE595/77A patent/IE45410B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-21 CA CA274,404A patent/CA1083960A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-22 NL NL7703074A patent/NL7703074A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-22 CH CH358577A patent/CH627350A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6127028B2 (da) | 1986-06-23 |
| GB1581744A (en) | 1980-12-17 |
| IS2382A7 (is) | 1977-06-22 |
| CA1083960A (en) | 1980-08-19 |
| FR2345087B1 (da) | 1983-02-04 |
| NO144594C (no) | 1981-09-30 |
| IE45410L (en) | 1977-09-22 |
| SE7703227L (sv) | 1977-09-23 |
| DK147063C (da) | 1984-09-17 |
| CH627350A5 (de) | 1982-01-15 |
| NL7703074A (nl) | 1977-09-26 |
| SE428520B (sv) | 1983-07-11 |
| DE2711486A1 (de) | 1977-10-06 |
| ATA189477A (de) | 1983-09-15 |
| ES456966A1 (es) | 1978-09-01 |
| US4141994A (en) | 1979-02-27 |
| DK122677A (da) | 1977-09-23 |
| NO770967L (no) | 1977-09-23 |
| NO144594B (no) | 1981-06-22 |
| FR2345087A1 (fr) | 1977-10-21 |
| IT1082544B (it) | 1985-05-21 |
| IE45410B1 (en) | 1982-08-25 |
| JPS52117449A (en) | 1977-10-01 |
| AT374344B (de) | 1984-04-10 |
| DE2711486C2 (da) | 1989-08-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |